NETL/FE technologies for value-added applications in a deeply decarbonized economy

David Lyons Acting Technology Manager Gasification and Coal/Coal-Biomass to Liquids

November 16, 2016 NETL Core Competencies

Computational Materials Geological & Energy Systems Science & Engineering & Environmental Conversion Engineering Engineering Manufacturing Systems Engineering & Analysis

High Performance Structural & Air, Water & Geology Component & Process & Computing Functional Device System Knowledge & Data Analytics Design, Synthesis & Mitigation Design & Validation Optimization, Performance Validation & Economics

Effective Resource Development • Efficient Energy Conversion • Environmental Sustainability

2 NETL Coal Program Technology Thrusts

Advanced • Efficient Energy Conversion Energy • Zero-Emissions Power Production Systems • Minimize Water Use and Discharge • Cost-Effective Capture Systems Carbon • Minimize Energy Penalty for Capture and Compression Capture • Smaller Capture System Footprint • Safe, Effective, Long-term Storage Carbon • Monitoring, Verification, Accounting, and Assessment Storage • Demonstrate Storage Infrastructure Crosscutting • High-performance Materials Research & • Sensors and Controls Analysis • Enabling Technologies STEP • High-efficiency Power Cycle (Supercritical • Reduced Water Consumption and Air Emissions CO2) • Reduced Power Cycle Footprint Rare • Efficient Rare Earth Element (REE) Recovery Earth • Cost-Competitive Domestic Supply of REEs Elements • Coal Byproduct Utilization

3 Advanced Energy Systems

 Advanced Combustion Systems  STEP (Supercritical CO2) • Oxy-Combustion • Turbomachinery • Chemical Looping • Recuperators Combustion • Advanced Concepts for Direct-Fired • Enabling Cycles Technologies/Innovative • Systems Integration and Concepts Optimization  Coal and Coal-Biomass to Liquids  Solid Oxide Fuel Cells • Biomass Feed and • Cell Technology Gasification • Core Technology • Reactor Engineering Design • Systems Development • Advanced Fuels Synthesis  Advanced Turbines • Site-Specific Coal Conversion • Advanced Combustion Turbines  Gasification Systems • Turbomachinery for sCO2 Power • Air Separation Cycles • Reactor Engineering Design • Pressure Gain Combustion • Site-Specific Coal Conversion • Novel Technologies to Advance Conventional Gasification

4 NETL Oil & Natural Gas Technology Thrusts

Advancing Technologies to Ensure Safe and Prudent Oil & Gas Development

Unconventional Oil & Developing technologies to maximize recovery and reduce environmental Gas impact from unconventional oil & gas development.

Transmission Developing technologies and practices to mitigate emissions from natural & Delivery gas transmission, distribution, and storage facilities.

Methane Assessing current methane emissions data and addressing data gaps. Quantification

Unlocking the mysteries of methane hydrates and developing ways to tap Methane Hydrates their massive energy potential.

Minimizing the environmental impacts of deepwater and ultra-deepwater Offshore oil and natural gas production.

5 NETL Supported Power Generation Technologies

ASPECTS ALSO APPLICABLE TO HYDROGEN Oxygen High-Pressure 65% LHV Production Dry Feed Pressure Gain Combustion Turbines Combustion

Warm Syngas Combustion Cleanup Transformational Integrated Gasification Turbine H2 Production Fuel Cells (IGFC) Pre-Combustion Components CO2 Capture Oxygen Radically Engineered Bio-Gasification Production Modular Systems (REMS) Gasification DG SOFC 2nd-Generation Transformational

AUSC Steam Atmospheric Chemical Transformational Pressurized Cycles Oxy-Combustion Looping CO2 Separation Oxy-Combustion Post-Combustion Supercritical Direct Power CO2 Capture CO2 Cycles Extraction Combustion Sensors & Water Simulation-Based High-Performance Controls Management Engineering Materials

6 Advanced Turbines How H2 is Playing a Role Turbine Improved aerodynamics, longer Solving Technology Challenges Combustor airfoils for a larger annulus / Combustion of hydrogen higher mass flow and improved • Hydrogen combustion with low single digit NOx fuels with single digit NOx, internal cooling designs to Compressor minimize cooling flows while at • Solved for 2,650 oF turbine inlet temperature (TIT) (TRL 1 -> 7) no flashback, and minimal Improved compressor combustion instability higher temperatures • UTSR essentially identified & solved the basic science needed to efficiency through three- understand ignition delay for H2 combustion dimensional aero dynamics • Adv. mfg. applied to realize the design required by the physics for higher pressure ratio • Approach will revolutionize low NOx combustion for H2 & natural gas! Advanced Turbine Program Exhaust • Adv. combustion turbines for H2 fuels (IGCC, NGCC) – 1 of 3 Key Diffuser Technology Areas Improved diffuser o • CC eff. ~ 65 % (LHV, NG bench mark), TIT of 3,100 F designs for higher • Components Approach TRL ~ 3 --- > TRL 6 - 7 temperature exhaust, • Delivers transformational performance benefits by 2025 for coal lower pressure drop based IGCC with CCS (ready for full-scale demonstration) with increased mass flow • Delivers another $20/T reduction in CO2 capture cost nd Rotor Materials Leakage 2 Generation targets met (H2 Turbine Program) Increase rotor torque for Improved TBC, bond coats Reduced leakage at tip and • COE reduction of ~15% and cost of capture reduction of higher power output and and base alloys for higher wall interface and reduced ~$19/tonne the potential for lowering heat flux, thermal cycling recirculation at • Eff. improvements of 3% pts. (4.3% pts. vs. 2003 IGCC with 7FA) capital cost ($/kW) and aggressive conditions nozzle/rotating airfoil (erosion, corrosion and interface for higher turbine Photo courtesy of Siemens Energy deposition) in IGCC efficiency and less purge applications

7 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells provide many benefits …..  Environmentally friendly • Intrinsic carbon capture (CCS) capability • Meet (without CCS) EPA Carbon Pollution Standards - Natural gas fueled: 1,000 lb. CO2/MWh-gross Balance-of-Plant Module Fuel Cell Stacks - Coal fueled: 1,400 lb. CO2/MWh-gross • Near-zero SOx and NOx Fuel • Minimal water consumption, ~1/3 of the amount relative to combustion processes Air  High efficiency Balance-of-Plant Power • >60% (HHV) electrical out Exhaust Power to • >85% (HHV) combined heat and power grid  Fuel Flexible • Natural gas, syngas, propane, biogas, logistics fuels, hydrogen  Modular • Incremental capacity additions • Ideally suited for distributed generation applications

8 Enabling Gasification-based Technology

CO2 (for reuse/storage) WATER POWER

GAS CLEANUP/ COAL GAS SEPARATION LIQUID FUELS

OXYGEN FERTILIZER

BIOMASS CHEMICALS HYDROGEN GASIFIER

9 Gasification Systems/CBTL

Synthesis Gas Syngas Particulate Gas Conversion Cooler Removal Cleanup Transportation Fuels H2:CO ~2:1 and Chemicals

Particulates Shift Steam Gasifier Reactor Co-Production

Sulfur By-product Hydrogen 90% Carbon Dioxide Separation Utilization & Storage Gaseous Fly ash By-product Feed Constituents Pump Hydrogen Fuel Cells

Combustor Gas Solids Compressed Turbine Air Oxygen Electric Coal Power Air Separator Generator Heat Recovery Steam Generator Coal-Biomass Mixtures Stack

Steam Slag By-product Generator Electric Technology Components Steam Turbine Power 10 Products that can be made from syngas

Molecules of H2 and CO contained in synthesis gas are building blocks that can be used to synthesize a wide variety of complex hydrocarbons & organic compounds

11 Utilization of CO2 as a Raw Material

Mineralization

12 12 Chemical Looping Combustion

Benefits CO Vitiated 2 Air • Transformational cost reduction potential (w/ H2O) Oxygen Carrier (oxidized) (Heat) • No need for O2 production • High CO2 concentration in exhaust Fuel Air • Uses conventional materials and fabrication Reactor Reactor techniques Oxygen Carrier • Leverages large-scale CFB experience, Coal (reduced) Air especially with limestone carriers R&D Activities • Limestone-based chemical looping combustion • Iron-based chemical looping combustion • Chemical looping combustion with oxygen uncoupling • Pressurized chemical looping • H2 production from syngas • Chemical looping coal gasification • Chemical looping oxygen carrier development

13 Chemical Looping Gasification – OSU

14 Chemical Looping Gasification – Alstom

15 Chemical Looping Gasification – GE

16 Hydrogen Production and Use NETL Mission Space

NETL Mission Space

17 Solutions for Today…Options for Tomorrow

For More Information www.netl.doe.gov

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