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Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa Vol. 1

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Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa Vol. 1 FAO CORPORATE DOCUMENT REPOSITORY Produced by: Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Title: Source b oook for the inland fishery resources of Africa. More details CIFA TECHNICAL PAPER 18/1 Source book for the inland is/1 fishery resources of Africa Vol. 1 Source book for the inland fishery resources of Africa Vol. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS by J.-P. Vanden Bossche Bois Gilet, 86 5120 Vezin, Belgium and G.M. Bernacsek RR3, Masonville, QUE. JOE IXO CANADA The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. M-43 ISBN 92-5-102983-0 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Publications Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT The Source Book evolved from two earlier CIFA publications: "The Inland Waters of Africa" (1972), and "The Inland Fisheries of Africa" (1979), both by Dr. R.L. Welcomme. Dr. Garry Bernacsek, in the capacity of a consultant to FAO during the early 1980's, fused the two original publications, checked water bodies against large-scale maps, added tables on national catch and country characteristics from the FAO Yearbook of Fishery Statistics and generated potential yield estimates based on models similar to those developed by Henderson and Welcomme (1974). The Source Book reached a first draft stage in 1987. In 1989 Mr. J-P. Vanden Bossche was hired as an FAO consultant to verify, edit, correct and update the earlier work, expand the coverage by combing the literature for information on new water bodies, add key references and maps of individual water bodies and countries and to compile a bibliography. This was completed in mid-1990. Financing has come from a variety of sources. Much of the earlier work on SIFRA was funded by the Regular Programme of the FAO Inland Water Resources and Aquaculture Service. The Fisheries Policy and Planning Service also contributed. The bulk of the financing for the recent consultant work on updating and expanding, as well as printing and distribution, came from an FAO/Netherlands Regional Trust Fund Project, GCP/RAF/257/NET. The European Economic Community, through its activity "Ecology in Developing Countries", generously paid the costs of professional document preparation for the Source Book. FAO welcomes comments on this publication. Any updates, corrections and additions also would be most sincerely appreciated. Correspondence should be directed to the Chief, Inland Water Resources and Aquaculture Service, FAO Fisheries Department, Rome, Web2PDF converted by Web2PDFConvert.com 00100 Italy. Distribution: FAO Fisheries Department FAO Regional Fishery Offices Directors of Fisheries CIFA EEC Authors Netherlands Representation at FAO Vanden Bossche, J.-P.; Bernacsek, G.M. Source book for the inland fishery resources of Africa: 1. CIFA Technical Paper. No. 18.1. Rome, FAO. 1990. 240p. ABSTRACT The Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa (SIFRA) is a compendium, water body-by-water body, country-by-country, of information on inland fisheries and related topics. The overall objective is to promote inland fisheries management and development by providing comprehensive information on Africa's inland fisheries in a uniform format, readily accessible to planners, policy makers and fishery workers. The Source Book, presented in three books, is subdivided into 53 country and associated island files. The countries in Book 1 are: Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Central African Republic, Comoros, Congo, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Reunion, Rwanda, Seychelles, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Each country file is subdivided into seven sections: Geography and Climate, Hydrography, Fishery Production, Potential, State of the Fishery, Key Bibliography, Water Bodies Directory and Bibliography. Under the Water Bodies Directory in each country file the water bodies are presented in alphabetical order under four basic categories: Lakes; Rivers, Floodplains and Swamps; Reservoirs; and Coastal Lagoons. Inland water bodies are also divided into national waters, if they are located within one country, and international waters (indicated under the water body name in all country files), if they are located in two or more countries. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 1990 © FAO 1991 Hyperlinks to non-FAO Internet sites do not imply any official endorsement of or responsibility for the opinions, ideas, data or products presented at these locations, or guarantee the validity of the information provided. The sole purpose of links to non-FAO sites is to indicate further information available on related topics. This electronic document has been scanned using optical character recognition (OCR) software. FAO declines all responsibility for any discrepancies that may exist between the present document and its original printed version. TABLE OF CONTENTS SIFRA BOOK 1 INTRODUCTION COUNTRY PROFILES Angola Botswana Burundi Central African Republic Comoros Congo Kenya Lesotho Madagascar Web2PD converted by Web2PDFConvert.com Malawi Mauritius Mozambique Namibia Reunion Rwanda Seychelles Swaziland Tanzania Uganda Zaire Zambia Zimbabwe BIBLIOGRAPHY INTRODUCTION SIFRA BOOK 1 1. Purpose and justification The Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa (SIFRA) is a compendium, water body-by-water body, country-by-country, of information on physical characteristics, limnology and fisheries. The overall objective is to promote inland fisheries management and development by providing comprehensive information on Africa's inland fisheries and fishery potential, in a uniform format, readily accessible to planners, policy makers and fishery workers. At the national level SIFRA can serve as a basic reference for fishery workers and aquatic scientists on fisheries and limnology. With this baseline data in a simple format one can quickly discern where information is ample or lacking, in this way identifying and assessing needs for technical assistance for specific water bodies, or areas of a country. More broadly, by taking a water body-by-water body approach, SIFRA illustrates the widespread importance of inland fisheries for economic, social and nutritional well-being. A major side benefit is to raise the awareness of planners and developers to the need for an ecological approach to the management and development of inland waters in order to conserve water resources for fisheries and aquaculture. SIFRA has been designed to be useful at the regional level by taking into account shared water bodies and synthesizing information on them. Likewise, the same kinds of comparisons that are made at the national level can be made among countries to identify where needs are greatest and where cooperation on common problems is most likely to be successful. Document organization The Source Book, presented in three volumes, is subdivided into 53 country and associated island files. The countries and the distribution of inland waters in each volume are shown in Table 1 and Figure 1 of the Introduction. These divisions coincide well with the major river basins of Africa, shown in Figure 2. Each country file is subdivided into seven sections: 1. Geography and climate 2. Hydrography 3. Fishery production/potential 4. State of the fishery 5. Key bibliography 6 . Water bodies directory 7. Bibliography Under Section 6 in each country file the water bodies are presented in alphabetical order under four basic categories: • Lakes; • Rivers, Floodplains and Swamps; • Reservoirs; and • Coastal Lagoons. Inland water bodies are also divided into: • national waters, if they are located within one country; and • international waters (indicated under the water body name in all country files), if they are located in two or more countries. Standard formats and parameter headings were used for each water body category to simplify data retrieval. Individual country files are stored for easy updating by word processing. This will facilitate expansion of the files as new environmental and fishery data are received or new water bodies (e.g., reservoirs) are created. 3. Reliability of the data Web2PD converted by Web2PDFConvert.com The FAO fishery statistics (FISHDAB, published each year in the "FAO Year-book, Fishery Statistics, Catches and Landings") were used as the main source in the table "FISH PRODUCTION An D PER CAPUT SUPPLY’ in Section 3. Nominal catches from 1970 to 1987 were tabulated in each country file. These arise mainly from official national statistics, sometimes corrected by the FAO Fishery Statistics Service. The figures for "Annual catch range" and "Potential annual yield" (Section 3) are based on specific water body fishery studies (as detailed in Section 6) and/or specific studies, all made by international experts. They were collected from published and unpublished field reports (FAO and other technical
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