Great Britain, North Ireland & The Republic of Ireland History, Heritage, Traditions & Customs

“The British Isles Historic Society Newsletter” Our History, Our Heritage

Our History and Our Heritage culture and just as important.

History is the study of change over time, and it Why should we protect cultural heritage? covers all aspects of human society. ... History is an Societies have long sought to protect and preserve intellectual discipline practiced by historians who try their cultural heritage, for reasons ranging from to make sense of the past. History is a chronological education to historical research to the desire to record of significant events (such as those affecting a reinforce a sense of identity. In times of war and nation, a people or institution). conflict, cultural identity and cultural heritage become all the more important. Buildings, "A generation which ignores history has no monuments, and symbols of culture that speak of past and no future." … Robert Heinlein. “A people shared roots acquire an increased significance. without the knowledge of their past history, origin Accordingly, they can become targets of violent and and culture is like a tree without roots.” … Marcus oppressive action that seeks to destroy the symbols Garvey. We need to use our history to challenge our valued by activists or the iconography associated successes and to learn from our mistakes. with alternative faiths and traditions. Cultural and Intangible Heritage What is Intangible Heritage? Cultural heritage is typically understood to be According to UNESCO, intangible heritage is constructed heritage, monuments related to culture “traditions or living expressions inherited from our such as museums, religious buildings, ancient ancestors and passed on to our descendants, such as structures, and historic sites. However, we should oral traditions, performing arts, social practices, also include the less material things, i.e., stories, rituals, festive events, knowledge and practices poems, plays, recipes, customs, traditions, fashions, concerning nature and the universe or the designs, music, songs and ceremonies of a place, as knowledge and skills to produce traditional crafts.” cultural heritage. These are vital expressions of a [email protected] SAUSAGES SAUSAGES SAUSAGES Beacon Hill What is your favourite sausage dish, toad in a hole, Dublin coddle, bangers and mash, in a fry-up or on the BBQ? Park Irish Welsh Gammon Pork & Leek Bacon is a park located along the shore of Juan de Fuca Strait in Victoria, . The park is popular both with tourists and locals and contains a number of amenities including woodland and shoreline trails, two playgrounds, a Irish Dubliner English waterpark, playing fields, a petting zoo, tennis Pork & Guinness British Banger courts, many ponds, and landscaped gardens. The traditional name of the hill is Meeacan to the Scottish Lorne Songhees people, meaning "belly." The land was Square Sausage originally set aside as a protected area by Sir James Windsor Quality Meats Douglas, governor of the Colony of Island 4110 Main St, Vancouver, BC in 1858. In 1882, the land was officially made a https://windsorqualitymeats.com/ municipal park of the City of Victoria and given its present name. The name is derived from a small hill The Bacon Rasher, invented overlooking the Strait, upon which once stood by Henry Denny in 1820 navigational beacons. The hill is culturally significant, The bacon rasher is an having been a burial site for the First Nations Coast essential part of the ‘full Irish’ Salish people, who are the original inhabitants of breakfast. Henry Denny, who was a the Greater Victoria region. It provides scenic vistas Waterford butcher. Denny patented of the Strait and the Olympic Mountains of several bacon-curing techniques and completely . Although much of the park has been re-invented the process of how to cure bacon. landscaped into gardens and playing fields, and Before this, bacon was cured by soaking large chunks populated with various structures, a great deal of of meat in brine. Denny decided to use long flat the native flora has been preserved. pieces of meat instead of chunks and substituted the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beacon_Hill_Park brine for dry salt. The overall quality and shelf-life of Trivia: On Meares Island, named for John the bacon was dramatically Meares in the “The Hanging Garden Tree” increased. It was an ingenious close to Tofino is one of the oldest known but simple innovation for its western red cedars and is estimated to be time. between 1,500 and 2,000 years old.

The British Columbia Brew. Provincial Police Station The higher one at 2891m is located just south is a small, one-storey, of the Fraser Canyon town of , and which is wood-frame building with a the second-highest in the Lillooet Ranges after hipped roof. The station was built in 1912 and stands Skihist Mountain. in its original location at the northeast corner of The other is just east of Likely, British Columbia Lakelse Avenue and Kalum Street in Terrace, British in the Cariboo district, 2057m, adjacent to Quesnel Columbia. Lake. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chartres_Brew British Columbia Provincial Police The British Columbia Your Headquarters for British Groceries Provincial Police (BCPP) was the provincial police service of British Columbia, , between 1858 and 1950. One of the first law enforcement agencies in North America, the British Columbia Provincial Police was formed to police the new Colony of British Columbia in 1858, with Chartres Brew as the de facto Chief Constable. The BCPP preceded the Canadian Confederation by nine years, the Northwest Mounted Police by fifteen years, and the Ontario Provincial Police by seventeen years. Brew, a former member of the Royal Irish Constabulary and officially British Columbia's Chief Gold Commissioner, was vested with the powers of a magistrate to maintain Stong’s on Dunbar Stong’s N. Vancouver state security against possible rebellion by American migrants who came to British Columbia for its gold 4221 Dunbar St, Vancouver 2150 Dollarton Hwy, N. Vancouver rush and the accompanying the risk of annexation. Alexander Graham Bell was Chartres Brew, Chief Constable a Scottish-born inventor, scientist, and (31 December 1815, Corofin, County engineer who is credited with Clare, Ireland,– 31 May 1870 (aged 54) inventing and patenting the first Richfield, British Columbia, was a Gold practical telephone. He also commissioner, Chief Constable and co-founded the American Telephone and Telegraph judge in the Colony of British Columbia, later a Company in 1885. Bell was born province of Canada. on March 3, 1847, in , . In 1870 Bell and his Brew's name was conferred on two mountain family emigrated to Canada. summits in British Columbia, both named Mount English inventions and discoveries 1798: Smallpox vaccine, the first successful vaccine to be developed, invented by Edward Jenner now available in Canada (Born: May 1749 Berkeley, Gloucestershire, 1596: Modern flushing toilet –1823); in so doing, Jenner is said to have "saved invented by John Harington (1560 more lives [. . .] than were lost in all the wars of Kelston, Somerset, England – mankind since the beginning of recorded history." 20 November 1612 (aged 52) Kelston, English physician and scientist who pioneered the Somerset, England) The term 'John', used concept of vaccines. particularly in the US, is generally 1844, Irish surgeon Francis Rynd invented what accepted as a direct reference to its inventor. was arguably the world's first hollow needle. But it 1830: Lawn mower invented by Edwin Beard was a device which used gravity to make the liquid Budding (1796–1846). An engineer from Eastington, flow and involved breaching the skin with a tool Stroud, was the English inventor of the lawnmower known as a trocar. Within 10 years, however, the (1830) and adjustable spanner (1842). modern version of the hypodermic needle was born. 1884: Light switch invented by John Henry Alexander Wood’s main contribution was the Holmes (dates not known) in Shieldfield. all-glass syringe in 1851, which allowed the user to estimate dosage based on the levels of liquid Late-19th century: Modern pay toilet invented observed through the glass. by John Nevil Maskelyne (1839–1917); Maskelyne invented a lock for London toilets, which required a 1902: First typhoid vaccine developed by penny to operate, hence the euphemism "spend a Almroth Wright, British bacteriologist and penny". immunologist (10 August 1861 Middleton Tyas, Yorkshire, England –1947) 1901: First powered vacuum cleaner invented by Hubert Cecil Booth, Born: 4 July 1871, Gloucester, 1940s: Ground-breaking research on the use of England. Died: 14 January 1955 (aged 83) Croydon, penicillin in the treatment of venereal disease England. carried out in London by Jack Suchet (1908–2001) with Scottish scientist Sir Alexander Fleming. 1955: First fully automatic electric kettle produced by manufacturer Russell Hobbs of 1941: Crucial first steps in the mass production Failsworth, Greater Manchester. of penicillin made by Norman Heatley Born: January https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 10, 1911, Woodbridge, . Died: List_of_English_inventions_and_discoveries January 5, 2004, Oxford, United Kingdom. Norman George Heatley OBE was an English biologist and Covid—19, Have you had your biochemist. He was member of the team of vaccination yet? Oxford University scientists who developed What was Britain’s contribution to penicillin. Norman Heatley developed the these life saving vaccinations? back-extraction technique for efficiently purifying 1656: Christopher Wren performed the earliest penicillin in bulk. confirmed experiments with crude hypodermic needles, performing intravenous injection into dogs in 1656. Historical dates in the an to complete a journey History of British Columbia across Canada, arrived at the Pacific Coast. Our British History and Heritage 1808 Simon Fraser, was a fur 1778 Great Britain's explorer, trader and explorer of Scottish ancestry Captain James Cook, reached Nootka who charted much of what is now the Sound and became the first white man Canadian province of British Columbia. to set foot on British Columbian soil. Flavoured Potato Crisps, 1788 Frances Barkley, the young wife of invented by Joseph ‘Spud’ Murphy Captain Charles William Barkley, was the first white Luckily for us, Joseph ‘Spud’ woman to set foot on . Charles Murphy had an enormous distaste for William Barkley (1759 – 16 May 1832) was a ship plain crisps. It was the 1950s that saw captain and maritime fur trader. He was born in the introduction of the flavoured Hertford, England, son of Charles Barkley. potato crisp. Murphy, the founder of Tayto, His name is sometimes erroneously spelled developed a cheese and onion flavoured crisp in Barclay due to the misspelling "Barclay Sound" (in 1954 which would prove to be a what is now Vancouver Island, British Columbia) on success, both at home and abroad. early Admiralty charts, which arose from a mistake Something that we have ‘Spud’ Murphy from Land District records. The misspelling to thank for. originated in 1859 with the government agent William Eddy Banfield who issued certificates Specializing in locally made and imported identifying the "Barclay Land District." The name was British, Scottish, & Irish foods. corrected to in 1904. (Banfield's own Baked goods, confectionary, and groceries. name was misspelled in the name of the town of

Bamfield, also on Vancouver Island.) 1790 October 28: Treaty of the Nootka Convention was accepted and signed by Great Britain and Spain. 1792 August 28: Captain George Vancouver reached Nootka. Vancouver was a British officer of the best known for his 1791–95 expedition, which explored and charted North America's northwestern Pacific Coast regions, 1793 July 22: Alexander McKenzie, Unit 110 - 12031 First Avenue was a Scottish explorer known for ac- Richmond, BC V7E 3M1 complishing the first east to west cross- Tel: (604) 370-3375 ing of America. He was the first Europe- British Columbia History colonial times and in the first decades after British Columbia joined Confederation as a province of Robert (November 30, Canada. 1828 – January 10, 1878) was an English merchant, politician and civil servant in Sir Henry Pering Pellew Crease (20 British Columbia, where he served as August 1823 – 27 November 1905) was a Private Secretary to Richard Clement British-Canadian lawyer, judge, and Moody, the founder and first politician, influential in the colonies of Lieutenant-Governor of British Vancouver Island and British Columbia. He Henry Crease Columbia. Moody named Burnaby Lake, was the first Attorney General of the in British Columbia, after Burnaby, and united Colony of British Columbia and sat on the the city of Burnaby was subsequently Supreme Court of that province for 26 years. Crease Richard Moody named after Burnaby, as were at least was born at Ince Castle, in Cornwall, the son of a ten other urban and geographical features, including Royal Navy captain. a mountain, Robert Burnaby Park, a Haida Gwaii Thomas Elwyn (c. 1837 – Island, and a street in Vancouver. 11 September 1888) was a British soldier, Burnaby was born in Woodthorpe, police officer and gold commissioner in Leicestershire. Before his appointment to the staff of colonial British Columbia. Thomas Elwyn , he worked for the Civil Elwyn was born in Ireland into a family with a Service in London, during which service he attracted long military tradition. He served as a lieutenant in the favour of Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton. the 30th Foot during the . He arrived in At incorporation, the municipality's citizens Victoria on Christmas Day, 1858 and was appointed, unanimously chose to name it after the legislator, on the strength of his references from England, to speaker, Freemason and explorer Robert Burnaby, the police force under Inspector Chartres who had been private secretary to Richard Brew. After serving for five months as the Moody, the first land commissioner for the Colony of Chief Constable of Yale, Governor (first Governor of British Columbia, in the mid-19th century. In 1859 Chartres Brew Burnaby had surveyed the freshwater lake near what the Colony of British Columbia) is now the city's geographical centre. Moody chose made him Assistant Gold Commissioner of to name it Burnaby Lake. James Douglas Lillooet. The well-connected Burnaby was a close friend “A cement mixer has collided with a prison van. Motorists are asked to look out for 16 hardened criminals.” …. Ronnie of many prominent figures in the region, including Corbett, the Judges Matthew Baillie Begbie and Henry “I went to my doctor and asked for something for persistent Pering Pellew Crease, gold commissioner Thomas wind. He gave me a kite.” … Les Dawson Elwyn, and Richard Clement Moody. TRIVIA: West Vancouver's first white settler, John Sir Matthew Baillie Begbie (9 May Lawson (Scotsman) planted holly by the side of the 1819 – 11 June 1894) was a British “burn” flowing across his property. Putting the two lawyer, politician and judge. In 1858, words together, he coined “Hollyburn” as the name Begbie became the first Chief Justice of for his place. the Crown Colony of British Columbia in Matthew Begbie Portrait of a Rich Heritage British Isles origins were lower than in 1871. Since the very first censuses, Statistics Canada In 2016, 32.5% of the Canadian population has collected data on the origins of the population. reported at least one origin from the British Isles, In 1871, the year of the first Canadian census and 13.6% at least one French origin. following Confederation, approximately 20 origins https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census were enumerated in the Canadian population. At British Isles origins 11,211,850 that time, 60.5% of the population reported origins Channel Islander 3,595 from the British Isles, 31.1% reported French origins Cornish 1,970 and less than 1% reported Aboriginal origins. English 6,320,085 According to the 2016 Census, English (6.3 million), Scottish (4.8 million), French (4.7 million) Irish 4,627,000 and Irish (4.6 million) origins were still among the 20 Manx 6,130 most common ancestries reported by the Canadian Scottish 4,799,005 population, either as a single response or in combination with other ancestries (multiple Welsh 474,805 response). However, the proportions of French and British Isles origins 644,695 (i.e. Celtic) National Historic Sites of Canada in British Customs

British Columbia

Skedans, is a village located 1. Having a Sunday roast dinner at the head of Cumshewa Inlet in One of the most iconic things about Britain is a Haida Gwaii, North Coast of Sunday roast dinner. Sunday is not a proper British Columbia, Sunday unless we have a roast dinner.

Ninstints: SG̱ang Gwaay 2. Putting the kettle on Llanagaay ("Red Cod Island"), We don’t need an excuse to put the kettle on. If commonly known by its English there is a crisis, or we are celebrating, or someone name , is a village site of comes to visit the first thing we do is put the kettle on. the Haida people and part of the Gwaii Haanas Have a cuppa. National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site on 3. Biscuit dunking Haida Gwaii on the North Coast of British Columbia, Dunking biscuits in tea is serious business in Canada. Britain. There is even a website dedicated to the The village site is a UNESCO World Heritage practice! Site, a National Historic Site of Canada, and a 4. Wearing summer clothes the minute the sun National Marine Conservation site. The name of the comes out village site, SG̱ang Gwaay llnagaay, is the Haida Stripping off at the first sign on sunshine is a name for Anthony Island, where the village is located very British thing to do. and means "Red Cod Island. 5. Saying sorry, The Great Midden (also known as the Eburne Site, Brits pride ourselves on being polite and using manners. or Great Fraser Midden, and known in Halkomelem as 6. Cheering on the underdog cə̓ snaʔəm), is We always love to see the underdog come out on top. an ancient Musqueam village and 7. Eating a full English breakfast burial site located in the Marpole neighbourhood of Vancouver, We all love a good full fry-up. British Columbia. 8. Never jumping the queue https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_British_Columbia It’s rare you will see a British person jumping the queue. Brits have the ability to queue nicely Stan Laurel born as Arthur Stanley 9. Talking about the weather Jefferson on 16 June 1890 in Ulverston, We talk about the weather as often as we say Lancashire, England. Stan Laurel, of Laurel and sorry. Hardy fame, was a Karno star, and first appeared here in Vancouver from May 1 to 6, 10. Eating turkey on Christmas Day 1911. He left the company in August 1911 came again on The majority of families in the UK will eat turkey their visits here December 30, 1912 and Sept. 8, 1913. on Christmas Day. Victoria, B.C. We have all the fixins’ for your Irish Fry-up or full English Breakfast. There are two capital cities named after Queen Black & White Pudding Victoria, Victoria the capital city Bacons, Sausages, English & Irish Cheeses, Melton of the Canadian province of Mowbray, Pork Pies, & More British Columbia , and Regina , the capital city of the Canadian province Saskatchewan , were both named for . `` Regina '' is the Latin word for queen. Erected in 1843 as a Hudson's Bay Company trading post on a site originally called Camosun (the native word was "camosack", meaning "rush of water") known briefly as "Fort Albert", the settlement was renamed Fort Victoria in November 1843, in honour of Queen Victoria. Victoria was incorporated as a city in 1862. In 1865, the North Pacific home of the Royal Navy was established in Granville Island Public Market Esquimalt and today is Canada's Pacific coast naval 1689 Johnston St, Vancouver, BC base. In 1866 when the island was politically united with the mainland, Victoria was designated the John Logie Baird FRSE was a capital of the new united colony instead of New Scottish inventor, electrical engineer, Westminster and became the provincial capital and innovator who demonstrated his when British Columbia joined the Canadian working television system on 26 Confederation in 1871. January 1926. He went on to invent the The following were also named on honour of first publicly demonstrated colour Queen Victoria: Victoria Avenue, Victoria, B.C., television system, and the first viable purely Empress Hotel, Victoria, Victoria Drive, Vancouver, electronic colour television picture tube. and Queen Victoria Hospital, Revelstoke, B.C. Born: August 13, 1888, Helensburgh, United https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria,_British_Columbia Kingdom. Died: June 14, 1946, Bexhill, United https://www.tourismvictoria.com/ Kingdom. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Logie_Baird

Prince of a nation - wide competition held by the Grand Trunk Railway, the prize for which was $250. Rupert, B.C. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Prince Rupert was incorporated on March 10, 1910. Although he never visited Canada, it was named after Prince Rupert of the Rhine, the first Queen of Prince Rupert Governor of the Hudson's Bay Company, as the result B.C. Ferries Your British Classic Pub Pie Headquarters Colour photography, invented by John Joly in 1894 Guinness Steak Roast Beef Dinner Fisherman ’s Pie and Mushroom Wild salmon, haddock, Modern day photographers owe Pie scallops and shrimp, in a wine and mushroom a debt of gratitude to a man from the Steak, mushroom, cream sauce, baked peas and carrots, in a with a mash potato Irish midlands. John Joly was born rich Guinness broth, crust under a golden pastry near the village of Bracknagh in Co. top. Served with a choice of fries or salad. Offaly and was an engineering graduate from Trinity Fish and Chips College. In 1894, Joly invented a system of colour Chicken Pot Pie Cottage Pie Beer battered Ling Cod photography that was based on taking viewing Chicken, carrots and served with chips, a Ground beef, carrots, peas in a rich cream peas, red wine and house made slaw and plates with many narrow lines in three colours. Joly sauce, under a golden thyme baked with tartar sauce. pastry top. Served with mash potato and would mark the viewing plate with thin coloured a choice of fries or One piece or two piece gravy. Served with a salad choice of fries or salad lines and would then place the glass in the camera in front of the picture; the photograph could then be taken. This process was much simpler than anything that had come before. It is now widely accepted that he was responsible for the first practical method of colour photography. John Joly FRS (1 November 1857 Millgrove, Bracknagh County Offaly, Ireland – 8 December 1933(aged 76) Dublin, Ireland) was an Irish physicist and professor of geology at the Black pudding is a University of Dublin famous for his development of distinct regional type of blood radiotherapy in the treatment of cancer. He is also sausage originating in the known for developing techniques to estimate United Kingdom and Ireland. accurately the age of a geological period, based on It is made from pork or beef radioactive elements present in minerals, blood, with pork fat or beef suet, and a cereal, the uranium–thorium dating. usually oatmeal, oat groats or barley groats. The high proportion of cereal, along with the use of certain herbs such as pennyroyal, serves to distinguish black Prince of Wales pudding from blood sausages eaten in other parts of the world. Various types are Drisheen which is Island particularly associated with Cork, Sneem Black On September 20, 1793, George Vancouver Pudding, Barnsley black puddings were well-known. gave the name "Prince of Wales Archipelago" to all The Stornoway black pudding, made in the Western the islands of the southern Alexander Archipelago, Isles of Scotland, “Marag Dubh” – the Scots Gaelic which he suspected to have a single island; name for a Black Pudding was first made by the name referred to George, Prince of Wales (later Stornoway Crofters who had to Prince Regent and then King George IV). By 1825 the ensure that every part of the name "Prince of Wales Island" was being used for small number of livestock they the largest of the islands in Vancouver's archipelago. kept was utilised to the full. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_of_Wales_Island_(Alaska) Jaffa Cakes are biscuit-sized cakes introduced by McVitie and Oliver's Tearoom is now open Friday & Saturday Price in the UK in 1927 and 11.00 am to 3.00pm . named after Jaffa oranges. The most common form of Jaffa cakes are circular, 2+1⁄8 inches (54 mm) in Meat Pies diameter and have three layers: a Genoise sponge base, a layer of orange flavoured jam and a coating of chocolate. McVitie's entire line of Jaffa cakes are Cornish Pasties Scotch Pies produced in the United Kingdom at the McVitie's factory in Stockport. The Jaffa cake production area covers an acre (4,000 m2) and includes a production line over a mile (1.6 km) long which sits on the Scotch Eggs, Bakewell Tarts, Empire Biscuits, Stockport side of the site's boundary with Sausage Rolls Pork Pies and other treats Manchester. Because of the nature of the product – having multiple components of cake, chocolate covering and jam – special hardware accelerators were devised to allow rapid computer Dickens Sweets & Museum is located at inspection of 20 products per second, taking place 45945 Alexander Avenue, Chilliwack, B.C. under four symmetrically placed lights. James Watt,(born January https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaffa_Cakes 19, 1736, Greenock, Renfrewshire, Francis Kermode Scotland—died August 25, 1819, Heathfield Hall, near Birmingham, was Curator and later Warwick, England), Scottish Director of Royal British Columbia instrument maker and inventor Museum, originally from whose steam engine contributed substantially to Liverpool, has Manx the Industrial Revolution. Watt was also known for connections. Born: 28 Jun 1874 in patenting the double-acting Liverpool, Merseyside, England, engine and an early steam He retired in 1940 Died: Dec 1946 in Victoria. A locomotive. He was elected white bear was declared a new species by Dr William fellow of the Royal Society of Hornady and named Ursus kermodei (Spirit Bear) London in 1785. after Kermode. https://www.imuseu m.im/ search/collections/library/ George Stephenson was a British mnh-museum-304085.html civil engineer and mechanical engineer. Renowned as the "Father of Railways". Windsor residence for Queen Elizabeth II. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_George

Castle Breaking News:

Windsor Castle is a royal There was a break-in at the London police station residence at Windsor in the English county of where a thief had stolen all the toilets? The cops have

Berkshire. It is notable for its long association with nothing to go on. the English and later British royal family and for its Last night there was a big fight in our local English architecture. fish and chip shop - a lot of fish got battered. The original castle was built in the 11th century after the Norman invasion of England by Ploughman’s William the Conqueror. Since the time of Henry I, it has been used by the reigning monarch and is the Platter or Lunch longest occupied palace in Europe. The castle's lavish early 19th-century State Apartments were History: Pierce the Ploughman's Crede (c.1394) described by the art historian Hugh Roberts as "a mentions the traditional ploughman's meal of bread, superb and unrivalled sequence of rooms widely cheese and beer. Bread and cheese formed the basis of regarded as the finest and most complete expres- the diet of English rural labourers for centuries, with sion of later Georgian taste". Inside the castle walls skimmed-milk cheese, supplemented with a little lard is the 15th-century St. George's Chapel, considered and butter, forming the main source of fats and by the historian John Martin Robinson to be "one of protein; onions and leeks, in the absence of expensive the supreme achievements of English Perpendicular seasoning, were the "favoured condiment". The Gothic" design. reliance on cheese rather than meat protein was espe- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windsor_Castle cially strong in the south of the country. St. George’s Ploughman and team, like other farm labourers, generally ate their midday or afternoon meal in the Chapel fields. First recorded use of the phrase "ploughman's luncheon" was 1837. St George's Chapel at in England, is a chapel designed in the high-medieval Gothic style. It is both a Royal * Truman Smith Baxter (1867-1931), Peculiar, a church under the direct jurisdiction of the Mayor of Vancouver monarch, and the Chapel of the Order of the Garter. Seating approximately 800,it is located in the Lower * Frederick Buscombe (1862-1938), Mayor of Vancouver Ward of the castle. * H. P. P. Crease (1823-1905), member of the British St George's castle chapel was established in Columbia Supreme Court the 14th century by King Edward III and began extensive enlargement in the late 15th century. It * John Teague (1833-1902), architect and Mayor of has been the location of many royal ceremonies, Victoria weddings and burials. Windsor Castle is a principal