DOCSLIB.ORG

Myanmar Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (Meiti)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Myanmar Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (Meiti) MYANMAR EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES TRANSPARENCY INITIATIVE (MEITI) FOURTH EITI REPORT FOR THE FISCAL YEAR 2017/18 FORESTRY SECTOR April 2020 This report has been prepared at the request of the Multi-Stakeholder Group (MSG) in charge with the implementation of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative in Myanmar (MEITI). The opinion expressed in the report are those of the Independent Administrator and did not reflect the official opinion of the MEITI-MSG. This report has been prepared exclusively for use by EITI Myanmar and must not be used by other parties, nor for any purposes other than those for which it is intended. Neither the authors nor BDO LLP accept or assume any responsibility or duty of care to any third party. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 6 Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative ............................................................................................. 6 EITI in Myanmar ............................................................................................................................... 8 Objective ...................................................................................................................................... 9 Nature and Extent of our work ............................................................................................................. 9 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................ 10 1.1. Revenue Generated from the Forestry Sector .................................................................................... 10 1.2. Contribution to Myanmar Economy ................................................................................................ 11 1.3. Timber Production .................................................................................................................... 12 1.4. Timber Sales ........................................................................................................................... 12 1.5. Timber Exports ........................................................................................................................ 13 1.6. Comprehensiveness and Reliability of Data ....................................................................................... 13 1.7. Summary of the Reconciliation Results ............................................................................................ 14 1.8. Findings and Recommendations .................................................................................................... 14 2. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY .................................................................................. 16 2.1. Scoping Study .......................................................................................................................... 16 2.2. Data Collection ........................................................................................................................ 16 2.3. Reconciliation and Investigation of Discrepancies ............................................................................... 17 2.4. Reliability and Credibility of Data Reported ...................................................................................... 17 2.5. Basis and Period of Reporting ....................................................................................................... 19 2.6. Procedures for the Management and Protection of the Data Collected ...................................................... 19 3. NON-FINANCIAL INFORMATION .................................................................................... 20 3.1. Forestry Sector in Myanmar ......................................................................................................... 20 3.2. Legal Framework ...................................................................................................................... 54 3.3. Fiscal Regime .......................................................................................................................... 83 3.4. Budget Process ........................................................................................................................ 86 3.5. Public Finance and Revenues Management Reforms ............................................................................ 91 3.6. Fiscal Devolution ...................................................................................................................... 98 3.7. Revenues Collection .................................................................................................................. 99 3.8. Beneficial Ownership ................................................................................................................ 102 3.9. Audit and Assurance Practices ..................................................................................................... 105 4. DETERMINATION OF THE RECONCILIATION SCOPE ............................................................ 108 4.1. Selection of Payment Flows ........................................................................................................ 108 4.2. Selection of Companies ............................................................................................................. 109 4.3. Selection of SOE ..................................................................................................................... 109 4.4. Selection of Government Agencies ................................................................................................ 109 0 4.5. Fiscal Year............................................................................................................................. 109 4.6. Level of Disaggregation ............................................................................................................. 109 4.7. Other Considerations ................................................................................................................ 110 5. RECONCILIATION RESULTS ......................................................................................... 111 5.1. Forestry Revenues ................................................................................................................... 111 5.2. Breakdown by Government Agencies ............................................................................................. 113 5.3. Breakdown by Taxpayer ............................................................................................................. 113 5.4. Breakdown by Payment Flow ...................................................................................................... 114 5.5. Analysis of Forestry Revenues ..................................................................................................... 115 5.6. Information about other companies .............................................................................................. 123 5.7. Review of Other Accounts .......................................................................................................... 124 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................ 125 6.1. New Recommendations ............................................................................................................. 125 6.2. Follow up of the Previous Recommendations .................................................................................... 132 7. ANNEXES .............................................................................................................. 147 Annex 1: Production of Minor Forest Products (2008/09 to 2017/18) ........................................................... 148 Annex 2: Breakdown of Exports by Product and Destination (2016/17 to 2017/18) .......................................... 149 Annex 3: Employment Data ............................................................................................................ 160 Annex 4: Detail of Production (FY 2017/18) ........................................................................................ 162 Annex 5: Stock balance of Teak and Hardwood (FY 2017/18) .................................................................... 163 Annex 6: Breakdown of Timber Sales (FY 2017/18) ................................................................................ 164 Annex 7: Details of Hardwood species ............................................................................................... 173 Annex 8: Details of Timber seized during the FY 2017/18 by product .......................................................... 174 Annex 9: Contract Templates .......................................................................................................... 176 Annex 10: SEE’s Profit and Loss Statement ........................................................................................ 192 Annex 11: MTE’s Financial Statements ............................................................................................. 193 Annex 12: Payment Flows Description ............................................................................................. 202 Annex 13: Information about other companies ................................................................................... 203 Annex 14: Calendar for Open Tender Sales for the FY 2017/18 (Teak/Hardwood, Logs/Conversions)
Load more

Recommended publications
  • June Lawyer Kyi Myint and Poet Saw Wai Held a Press JANUARY Chronologyconference Regarding the Arrest Warrant2020 Against
    June Lawyer Kyi Myint and Poet Saw Wai held a press JANUARY CHRONOLOGYconference regarding the arrest warrant2020 against them. Summary of the Current Situation: 647 individuals are oppressed in Burma due to political activity: 73 political prisoners are serving sentences, 141 are awaiting trial inside prison, 433 are awaiting trial outside Accessed January © Myanmar Times prison. WEBSITE | TWITTER | FACEBOOK January 2020 1 ACRONYMS ABFSU All Burma Federation of Student Unions CAT Conservation Alliance Tanawthari CNPC China National Petroleum Corporation EAO Ethnic Armed Organization GEF Global Environment Facility ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross IDP Internally Displaced Person KHRG Karen Human Rights Group KIA Kachin Independence Army KNU Karen National Union MFU Myanmar Farmers’ Union MNHRC Myanmar National Human Rights Commission MOGE Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise NLD National League for Democracy NNC Naga National Council PAPPL Peaceful Assembly and Peaceful Procession Law RCSS Restoration Council of Shan State RCSS/SSA Restoration Council of Shan State/Shan State Army – South SHRF Shan Human Rights Foundation TNLA Ta’ang National Liberation Army YUSU Yangon University Students’ Union January 2020 2 POLITICAL PRISONERS Note - Changes have been made to the layout and content of the Chronology. AAPP will no longer cover landmine cases and conflict between ethnic armed groups (EAGs) due to resources; detentions and torture by EAGs will still be covered. Additionally, AAPP will not cover individual protests by land rights, but will provide updates on the arrests of land rights activists. Political Prisoners ARRESTS Two RCSS members arrested in Namhsan On January 6, the military arrested two members of the Restoration Council of Shan State (RCSS) who attended a public meeting at Nar Bwe Village in Namhsan Township in southern Shan State.
    [Show full text]
  • A Chance to Fix in Time” Analysis of Freedom of Expression in Four Years Under the Current Government
    Athan – Freedom of Expression Activist Organization “A Chance to Fix in Time” Analysis of Freedom of Expression in Four Years Under the Current Government 4 Research Report “A Chance to Fix in Time” Analysis of Freedom of Expression in Four Years Under the Current Government Research Report Athan – Freedom of Expression Activist Organization A Chance to Fix in Time: Analysis of Freedom of Expression in Four Years Under the Current Government Table of Contents Chapters Contents Pages Organisational Background d - Research Methodology 2 - Photo Copyright Chapter (1): Introduction 2 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Overall Analysis of Prosecutions within Four Years 4 Chapter (2): Freedom of Expression 8 2.1 Lawsuits under Telecommunications Law 9 2.2 Lawsuits under the Law Protecting the Privacy and Security 14 of Citizens 2.3 National Record and Archive Law 17 2.4 Lawsuits under Section 505(a), (b) and (c) of the Penal Code 18 2.5 Lawsuits under Section 500 of the Penal Code 23 2.6 Electronic Transactions Law Must Be Repealed 24 2.7 Lawsuits with Sedition Charge under Section 124(a) of the 25 Penal Code 2.8 Lawsuits under Section 295 of the Penal Code 26 2.9 Three Stats Where Free Expression Violated Most 27 Chapter (3): Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and Procession 30 3.1 More Restrictions Included in Drafted Amendment Bill 31 Chapter (4): Media Freedom 34 4.1 News Media Law Lacks of Protection for Media Freedom and 34 Journalistic Rights 4.2 The Tatmadaw’s Filing Lawsuits Against Irrawaddy and 36 Reuters News Agencies a Table of Contents A Chance to
    [Show full text]
  • Policy and Plans to Establish British Authority in the Shan States (1886)
    Dagon University Research Journal 2016, Vol. 7, No. 1 The Study of the Traditional Culture of the Salon Nationals Tin Tin Aung* Abstract The Salon nationals are those who were struggling for their existence by fishing, catching leeches, cutting barnacles, finding birds nests, diving pearls. The Salon nationals are the most skillful persons in diving. It is learnt in ancient time even the newly child was thrown into the sea. In ancient time the Salon nationals used not to wear shirts but only wore longyis. At present, with the development of the modern era and with the encouragement and directions of the State Government the Salon nationals has developed in knowledge and view and has begun to wear the full national dress. Since ancient time a Salon male has the right to marry more than one woman. The wealthy people used to practice the polygamy custom more though marriage is conducted by the consent of parents, they have the right divorce. The marriage conduct has controlled marriage to reduce divorce and commitment of his conduct. In ancient time the Salon national did not used to bury the corpse in the ground, but abandoned it by putting on a scaffold build up on tree in an island. At present they have begun to bury the corpses. Therefore, with an intention not to gradually disappear of Salon nationals residing in the archipelagos in lower Myanmar, it is proposed that the plan should be laid down and implemented by the Government of the Union of Myanmar. Taninthayi Division, in the southernmost part of Myanmar, constituted of three Districts, namely the Dawei District, Myiek District and Kawthaung District.
    [Show full text]
  • EIA-Report-State-Of-Corruption.Pdf
    State of Corruption The top-level conspiracy behind the global trade in Myanmar’s stolen teak February 2019 ©EIAimage Forests ©EIAimage WeACKNOWLEDGEMENTS would like to thank ABOUT EIA EIA UK Above: Forests in Myanmar CONTENTS 62-63 Upper Street, Ximporae.This report Ut was aut written fugitis restiand editedut atia We investigate and campaign against Front cover: Logs rotting in an London N1 0NY UK Introduction 4 nobitby the ium Environmental alici bla cone Investigation consequam environmental crime and abuse. MTE logyard in East Dagon, T: +44 (0) 20 7354 7960 Yangon, March 2013 cusAgency. aci oditaquates This document dolorem has volla Our undercover investigations E: [email protected] Myanmar’s Forests 5 vendam,been produced consequo with molor the financial sin net expose transnational wildlife crime, eia-international.org fugitatur,assistance qui of int UKaid, que nihicthe Norwegian tem with a focus on elephants,elephants andpangolins Myanmar’s Forest Governance Failures 8 aspedAgency quei for oditaquatesDevelopment dolorem tigers,and tigers, and forestand forest crimes crimes such such as vollaCooperation vendam, (NORAD) conseqci and oditaquates the EIA US JMG Foundation. The contents illegalas illegal logging logging and and deforestation deforestation for Case Study: dolorem volla vendam, consequo PO Box 53343 of this publication are the sole cashfor cash crops crops like like palm palm oil. oil.We Wework to molor sin net fugitatur, qui int que Washington DC 20009 USA The Shadow President – King of Burma Teak 14 responsibility
    [Show full text]
  • BASELINE STUDY 4, MYANMAR: Overview of Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade
    BASELINE STUDY 4, MYANMAR: Overview of Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade August 2011 Regional Support Programme for the EU FLEGT Action Plan in Asia Background The European Commission (EC) published a Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) Action Plan in 2003. FLEGT aims not simply to reduce illegal deforestation, but in promoting good forest governance, aims to contribute to poverty eradication and sustainable management of natural resources. The European Forest Institute (EFI), an international research organisation with its headquarters in Finland, conducts, advocates and facilitates forest research networking at the pan-European level. Under its Policy & Governance programme, the EFI assists in the EU’s implementation of the FLEGT Action Plan. In 2007, the EU FLEGT Facility was established, hosted and managed by the EFI. The Facility (i) supports the bilateral process between the EU and tropical producing countries towards signing and implementing “Voluntary Partnership Agreements” (VPAs) under the FLEGT Action Plan, and (ii) executes the regional support programme for the EU FLEGT Action Plan in Asia. The FLEGT Asia Regional Office (FLEGT Asia) of the EFI’s EU FLEGT Facility was formally established in October 2009. FLEGT Asia seeks to collaborate and build synergies with existing regional initiatives and partners in Asia. The EU FLEGT Facility is managed and implemented by the EFI in close collaboration with the EU. Goal of FLEGT Asia The goal of the FLEGT Asia Regional Programme is the promotion of good forest governance, contributing to poverty eradication and sustainable management of natural resources in Asia, through direct support of the implementation of the EU’s FLEGT Action Plan.
    [Show full text]
  • Data Collection Survey on Regional Infrastructure in Myanmar Final
    Ru Myanmar Forei on Rn epartment Pn Finance Ru Myanmar Departmen o Highways ini o Construction Forei on Rn epartment Pn Finance Departme n nstruction DeparRutmen o Highway s M yanmaini ro Construction Departme R R Development on DeRForepartmui e on R Mnyanma e partr mnensttructi on Pn Finance Electric i i gy DeDeparForeRpartmuitmen e on o RHighway R R s M n Develoyanmaini epartrpmen om Conentt str uction Pn on Finance Departmen o Rral Developmen inis A sto o ElectrDeparDeForepartmiictmen e on o Highway R si nnini e part om Conenns tructistr uctoniion P ngy Finance DepaDeDeparpartmrtmtmenene oo RRHighwayral DeR vselop n Develoinimen pmen o Conininssttructi str ucton Aion sonto o DeElectrpartmice R R in Develo pmen ns ttructi oni gy on ElectrDeDepapartmrtmiceen o RR ral RDevelopi Develo menpmen inis t iA gy sonto o ElectrDepartmicen o R ral Developi men inis iA gy sto o Departmen o Rral Developmen inis A sto o R R R R R R （ R ) （ R ) （ R R ) （ ) （ ) J 2019 J 2019 J J peration 2019 (J) J J peration 2019 (J) J 2019 J Y peration (J) J peration (J) Y J peration (J) YR Y YR 1R R R JR(P) R 19 - 002 R Myanmar Forei on R partment P inance R Myanmar Departmen Highways ini Construction Forei on R partment P inance Departme struction DeparRtmen Highway s Myanmar ini Construction Departme R R Development on DepartmeRForei on R Myanmar partment structi on
    [Show full text]
  • The Population Pyramid of Tanintharyi Region
    Tanintharyi Region Economic Overview Tanintharyi Region Profile: Location: Southern Myanmar Shared borders: Mon State to the north, Andaman Sea to the west, and Thai border to the east and southeast Area: 43,345 sq. km Ethnicity: Previously known as Tenasserim Division and later renamed as Tanintharyi Region. Tanintharyi is not home to a dominant minority ethnic group, hence, the basis for its classification as a region. It’s inhabited by Barmar, Dawei, Rakhine, Mon, Shan, Burmese-Thai, Kayin, Salone and Malay people. Most of the population in Tanintharyi Region speak the Myanmar language. Religions: Buddhism 87.10%, Christianity 7.20%, Islam 5.10% and Hinduism 0.10% Population: 1,406,434 (Myanmar National Population and Housing Census 2014) Population density: 32 persons per square kilometer. The population in December 2012 was 1,713,447 people. The Population Pyramid of Tanintharyi Region, 90 + 85 - 89 80 - 84 Male Female 75 - 79 70 - 74 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10-14 5 - 9 0 - 4 100,000 50,000 0 50,000 100,000 Source: 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census 1 Geography Tanintharyi region is formed of 4 districts, 10 townships, 6 sub-townships and 347 villages with 43,345 sq. km area of land. Tanintharyi region lies on the southern bank of the Great Tenasserim River, tucked away into a small peninsula with the Great Tenasserim River to the north and west, and the little Tenasserim River to the east. Air and Rail Transport Tanintharyi rail service runs from Yangon twice a week.
    [Show full text]
  • Burma “Sea Gypsies” Compendium
    Burma “Sea Gypsies” Compendium Report by Project Maje 3610 NE 70th Ave, Portland OR 97213 USA, [email protected] June 2004 CONTENTS: Map: Sea Gypsies Region 1. Myanmar’s .net “Sea Gypsies: The Salone People of Myanmar,” undated website article, viewed 2004. 2. TNT Diventures, “Burma: Land of Dynamite Fishing,” undated website article, viewed 2004. 3. Marinasia, “Burma Eco-tour,” undated website, viewed 2004. 4. The Irrawaddy, “The Threat from the Sea Gypsies,” April 2004. 5. Myanmar Times, “Tourists Descend on Salone Festival,” Kerry Howley, Feb. 23-29, 2004. 6. Myanmar Times, “A Study of Humans,” Maw Maw San, Feb. 23-29, 2004. 7. Myanmar Times, “Myeik Archipelago Development Urged,” Kerry Howley, Feb. 23-29, 2004. 8. Xinhua, “Myanmar to Invite Foreign Investment for Archipelago Tourist Development,” Feb. 23, 2004. 9. Democratic Voice of Burma News, “Burmese Villagers Robbed by Uniformed Dacoits,” Feb. 20. 2004. 10. 11. The Irrawaddy, “Thirty-Seven Killed At Sea,” Naw Seng, Feb. 17, 2004. 12. Democratic Voice of Burma News, “SPDC Rounding Up Sea Gypsies For Show,” Feb. 11, 2004. 13. DPS Map website, “Festivals in Myanmar: Sea Gypsy Festival (Salone Festival),” Feb. 2004 14. Sydney Morning Herald, “Burma’s Gypsies of the Sea,” Jeni Harvie, Jan. 29, 2004. 15. Myanmar News website, “Concert to Benefit Salone (Sea Gypsy) People,” Jan. 19, 2004. 16. Democratic Voice of Burma News, “Burmese Sea-Gypsies Forced to Live on Land for Tourists,” Jan. 14, 2004. 17. The Greater Phuket Magazine, “Endangered Idyll?” Collin Piprell, October? 2003. 18. Science News, “Children of Sea See Clearly Underwater,” J. Travis, May 17, 2003.
    [Show full text]
  • Shop Name State / Division Township Address
    Shop Name State / Division Township Address MPT Pathein Ayarwaddy AYW - Pathein Division Manager office,MPT, Maharbandula street, Ayarwaddy Division, Pathein Township . MPT Hinthada Ayarwaddy AYW - Hinthada Hinthada Auto Exchange, Bogyoke Street , Hinthada Township . MPT Zalun Ayarwaddy AYW - Zalun Zalun Auto Exchange, Ahdar street,Zalun Township . MPT Bokalay Ayarwaddy AYW - Bokalay Bokalay Auto exchange, Bokalay Street, No(4) quarter, Bokalay Township . MPT Pyarpon Ayarwaddy AYW - Pyarpon Pyarpon Auto Exchange, No(5) Street, (12) quarter , Pyarpon Township . MPT Myaungmya Ayarwaddy AYW - Myaungmya Auto Exchange ,Tout Yaung Nay Street ,Myaungmya Township . MPT Nyaung Tone Ayarwaddy AYW - Nyaung Tone Cable Office ,No.6 Quarter ,Nyaung Tone Township . MPT Myan Aung Ayarwaddy AYW - MyanAung Auto Exchange , Sartitetaegone Street ,Myan Aung Township . MPT Maubin Ayarwaddy AYW - Maubin Mobile + Micro Building ,No.1 Quarter ,Maubin Township . MPT Kyonepyaw Ayarwaddy AYW - Kyonpyaw Kyone Pyaw Auto Exchange, Bogyoke St, Aung San ward, Kyonepyaw Tsp MPT Bago Bago BGO - Bago Yangon-Mandalay Street, near NaryiSin , Division Manager Office , Bago Township . MPT Pyay Bago BGO - Pyay Yangon-Pyay street, Sin Su Carrier office compound , Pyay Township . MPT Min Hla Bago BGO - Min Hla No(7) Quarter, Boyontan Street, Minhla auto exchange , Minhla Township . MPT Latpandan Bago BGO - Latpandan No(2) Street, Min Quarter, Latpandan Auto Exchange , Latpandan Township . MPT Paukhong Bago BGO - Paukhong Pyay-Taungoo Street, number (5) quarter, Paukhoung Township . MPT Taungoo Bago BGO - Taungoo Main road, Auto Exchange Compound, Taungoo Township , MPT Tharrawaddy Bago BGO - Tharrawaddy Micro Compound ,Tharrawaddy Township . MPT Hakha Chin CHN - Hakha MPT State Manager Office, Zay(1) Quarter, Matupi Street,Hakha Township . Myitkyina MPT mobile,In front of Thit Taw Office, Corner of Sama street and Zaw Gyone Street, Ayar MPT Myitkyina Kachin KCN - Myitkyina Quarter,Myitkyina Township .
    [Show full text]
  • Provenance in Special Teak Plantations Particularly in Bago Yoma
    Leaflet No. 4/2000 Government of the Union of Myanmar Ministry of Forestry Forest Department Comparative Performance of Teak ( Tecona grandis ) Provenance in Special Teak Plantations Particularly in Bago Yoma U Thein Htwe B.Sc. (Forestry), Staff Officer Forest Research Institute April,2000 i Acknowledgements I'm greatful to U Khin Maung Oo, Deputy Director and U Win Maung, Assistant Director of Forest research institute for their encouragement and interest in this study. I'm also thankful to my close friend U Nyi Nyi Kyaw, and U Chit Hlaing Win for their proper guidance and technical inputs in this study. All people who have helped me in various ways and I thank them especially Saya U Saw C. Doo, Saya U Saw Kelvin Keh and Saya U Myo Kywe of Institute of Agriculture for sparing a considerable amount of their time and paying close attention to this paper. Special thanks are given to former co-ordinator of Teaknet, Saya U Mehm Ko Ko Gyi, for his encouraging us to conduct this research work. ii rll⇔a'otrsKdd;rsKdd;rSS uReff;opffrsddK;tm; txll;uReff;pddkkuffciff;pDDrHHuddeff;{&dd,m (yJJcll;&ddkk;r)wGGiff pddkkuffysKdd;í &SSiffoeffMuDD;xGGm;rSSKuddkk EddSSKiff;,SSOffavhhvmjciff;/ OD;odef;axG;? B.Sc. (For.) ? OD;pD;t&m&Sd opfawmokawoeXme? a&qif;/ pmwrff;tusOff;csKyff uRef;pdkufcif;rsm; wnfaxmif&mwGif? vufvSrf;rSD&m a'otrsKd;rsKd;rS &&Sdvmaom uRef;aph rsm;udk toHk;jyKrnfhtpm;? pdkufysKd;rnfha'oESifh oifhawmfaom rl&if;a'orsm;udk a&G;cs,f toHk;jyK jcif;tm;jzifh ydkrdkatmifjrifaom uRef;pdkufcif;rsm;jzpfvmEdkifygonf/ þpmwrf;wGif jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; uRef;aygufa&mufaom a'o(10)ckrS uRef;rsKd;aphrsm;udk pD;yGm;a&;pdkufcif;rsm;\ A[dktcsuftcsm jzpfaom yJcl;&dk;ra'owGif ,SOfjydKifpdkufysKd; prf;oyfcJh&m yJcl; &kd;r\ ta&hShbufjcrf;wGif xl;jcm;rSK r&Sdaomfvnf; taemufbufjcrf;wGifrl jzL;ESifhrbdef; rl&if; a'orsm;onf MuD;xGm;rSK (tjrifh) taumif;qHk;jzpfaMumif; awGY&SdcJh&ygonf/ ii i Comparative Performance of Teak (Tectona grandis) Provenance in Special Teak Plantations Particularly in Bago Yoma U Thein Htwe, B.Sc (For.), Staff Officer Forest Research Institute, Yezin.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Distribution, Work Patterns, and Perception Towards Malaria
    Wai et al. BMC Public Health 2014, 14:463 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/14/463 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Spatial distribution, work patterns, and perception towards malaria interventions among temporary mobile/migrant workers in artemisinin resistance containment zone Khin Thet Wai1*, Myat Phone Kyaw1†, Tin Oo1†, PeThet Zaw1, Myat Htut Nyunt1, Moe Thida1 and Thar Tun Kyaw2 Abstract Background: Mobile populations are at a high risk of malaria infection and suspected to carry and spread resistant parasites. The Myanmar National Malaria Control Programme focuses on preventive interventions and vector control measures for the temporary mobile/migrant workers in Myanmar Artemisinin Resistance Containment Zones. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in 2012 in Kawthaung and Bokepyin townships of Tanintharyi Region, Myanmar, covering 192 mobile/migrant aggregates. The objectives were to identify the spatial distribution of the mobile/migrant populations, and to assess knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and practices concerning malaria prevention and control, and their preferred methods of interventions. The structure of the192 migrant aggregates was investigated using a migrant mapping tool. Individual and household information was collected by structured interviews of 408 respondents from 39 aggregates, supplemented by 12 in-depth interviews of health care providers, authorities, volunteers, and employers. Data were analyzed by triangulating quantitative and qualitative data. Results: The primary reasons for the limitation in access to formal health services for suspected malaria within 24 hours were identified to be scattered distribution of migrant aggregates, variable working hours and the lack of transportation. Only 19.6% of respondents reported working at night from dusk to dawn.
    [Show full text]
  • BASELINE ASSESSMENT and RESPONSIBLE TOURISM STRATEGY for TANINTHARYI Andrea Valentin Balancing the Future of Tanintharyi’S Tourism Development
    Fall 08 BASELINE ASSESSMENT AND RESPONSIBLE TOURISM STRATEGY FOR TANINTHARYI Andrea Valentin Balancing the future of Tanintharyi’s tourism development F auna and Flora International Executive Summary This report comprises three parts. First, it provides a snapshot of the national context of tourism in Myanmar and the current state of tourism development in Tanintharyi. Second, it discusses the proposals for tourism development in the region and assesses the opportunities for sustainable tourism in Tanintharyi whilst examining the barriers. The final part of this report brings together all the considerations and provides a framework for action for what types of development might be appropriate where. It also identifies what changes to planning schemes or governance might be needed to facilitate the preferred outcomes, in a way that does not cause unnecessary delays or duplicate processes across different departments. This paper highlights the need for better information, better monitoring tools to help the responsible tourism management process, and sets out the general steps that need to be taken for sustainability to flourish in Tanintharyi in the future. The aims of this report are as follows: • To enhance the protection and conservation of the environment through responsible tourism development • To increase the long term sustainability of the region Myanmar attracted 2.9 million tourists in 2016 according to the Ministry of Hotels and Tourism (MoHT). Of these, about 62,000 international visitors came to visit Tanintharyi in 2016. This represents an increase of 70% compared with the previous year; thus the region is experiencing high rates of growth in all destinations. Members of the tourism private sector and Tanintharyi state government recognise that tourism needs to be planned for and that sustainable destination management structures need to be set up before the larger numbers of visitors will drop in and management will be more difficult.
    [Show full text]