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Mcclure Publishing Company Archives Special Collections Department McClure Publishing Company Archives please note * This is not a comprehensive company archive.* Researchers seeking reprints of specific articles or access to bound issues may request these services through Interlibrary Loan. 1878 -1952 Manuscript Collection Number: 174 Accessioned: Purchase, June 1987. Extent: 1 linear ft. Content: Correspondence, clippings, interviews, notes, photographs, manuscripts, financial and legal documents. Access: The collection is open for research. Processed: November 1997, by Shanon Lawson. for reference assistance email Special Collections or contact: Special Collections, University of Delaware Library Newark, Delaware 19717-5267 (302) 831-2229 Table of Contents Historical and Biographical Note Scope and Contents Note Contents List Historical and Biographical Note The publishing enterprises of Samuel Sidney McClure are an important facet of early twentieth-century American journalism. The McClure Syndicate, started by Samuel Sidney McClure in 1884, was the first successful company of its kind, and was largely responsible for introducing many American and British writers to a national public. His later venture, McClure's Magazine, contained the influential "muckraking" articles of Ida Tarbell, Ray Stannard Baker, and Lincoln Steffens; it also had the distinction of promoting the then-unknown writer, Willa Cather. Although S.S. McClure's tenuous business competency would cause him to lose control over these ventures in the early part of the twentieth century, other members of his family, most notably his cousin, Henry Herbert McClure (d. 1938), were able to maintain a more steady career in the publishing world through the 1930s. Samuel Sidney McClure was born in County Antrim, Ireland, on February 17, 1857. When he was nine years old, his widowed mother brought him and his two younger brothers to the United States, where they settled in Indiana. McClure lived his early years in poverty, working his way through high school and college, and eventually graduating in 1882 from Knox College in Galesburg, Illinois. While in college, he was able to earn some money by establishing an intercollegiate news bulletin and publishing a collection of writings from western college newspapers. After graduating from Knox, McClure moved to Boston, where he edited a bicycling magazine, The Wheelman, from 1882 to 1884. In 1883, he married Harriet Hurd, the daughter of his Latin professor at Knox, despite the strong objections of her family. The next year, McClure accepted a job at the De Vinne printing house in New York City. But he was far from an obedient, model employee, and consequently, his employment at the press was brief. The same was true for his next position, an editorial assistant for The Century. Out of work in 1884, he decided to start McClure's Syndicate, which would become America's first profitable literary syndicate. The syndicate would buy authors' works for a price of around one hundred and fifty dollars and then sell the right to print them to various newspapers across the country for five dollars apiece. Although his company lost money the first few years of operation, it was eventually able to turn a modest profit. McClure's Syndicate would alter the country's newspapers and the country's fiction, by distributing and promoting such American writers as Mark Twain, William Dean Howells, Joel Chandler Harris, and Sarah Orne Jewett. The firm also brought several English authors to the American reading public, including Rudyard Kipling, Robert Louis Stevenson, and Arthur Conan Doyle. Two years after its inception, McClure's college friend, John Sanborn Phillips, joined the syndicate's staff. In 1894, the two men decided to start McClure's Magazine, a monthly specializing in well-researched and well written articles and new fiction. At 15 cents an issue, it was less than half the price of competitors like Harpers or the Atlantic Monthly. Again, the project was slow to garner a profit, but by 1898, the magazine had a circulation of 400,000. In January of 1902, McClure's began publishing articles intent on exposing corruption in corporations and city governments. These included, most notably, Ida Tarbell's history of the Standard Oil Company, Lincoln Steffens' "Shame of the Cities" series, and Ray Stannard Baker's examination of the United Mine Workers, all of which appeared in 1902. This style of journalism, which Theodore Roosevelt would pejoratively term "muckraking" three years later, became the magazine's lasting legacy. S.S. McClure had grandiose ideas, but little business sense. Phillips was able to keep the two companies running effectively, but in 1906, he and several staff members of McClure's, including Tarbell, Steffens, Baker, and McClure's cousin, Henry Herbert McClure, had lost faith in their founder for a variety of reasons, including his inability or unwillingness to understand the financial realities of his businesses and his repeated marital infidelities which threatened to clash with the magazine's image of moral righteousness. While his former associates founded the American Magazine, S.S. McClure was able to keep control over his syndicate and magazine, the latter with Willa Cather as managing editor, until 1912, when he lost control of the business' interests. In his later life, S.S. McClure would continuously attempt to regain control of a magazine, but except for a brief interval from 1922-1925, when he was reinstated as editor of McClure's, he repeatedly failed to do so. He turned his attention to writing, penning several articles for magazines and newspapers. He also wrote tracts on political theory, and in 1917, he published Obstacles to Peace, a book about World War I. From 1926 to 1927, intrigued by Mussolini, he studied fascism in Italy. The last years of his life were spent almost completely out of the public eye. In 1945, he gained some public notice when he was awarded the Order of Merit by the National Institute of Arts and Letters. He died on March 21, 1949. Other members of the McClure family played a role in S.S. McClure's publishing enterprises. His brother, Robert McClure (d. 1914), worked in the McClure's Syndicate's London office, and his other brothers, Thomas and John, also worked briefly in his company. But the other McClure who had significant success in publishing was Henry Herbert McClure, S.S. McClure's cousin, who joined the staff of the McClure's Syndicate in 1899. It was H.H. McClure who brought Willa Cather's writings to his cousin's attention, after she had been repeatedly rejected by the editors of McClure's. He left his position of managing editor during the mass resignations in 1906 and joined the staff of American Magazine with the other former McClure employees. That same year, he began his own syndicate business, H.H. McClure and Co., where he employed his brother, E.S. McClure. After resigning his interest in the syndicate in 1912, he worked as the general manager for The Associated Newspapers until 1930. He died on November 24, 1938. Sources: Cather, Willa. The Autobiography of S.S. McClure. Lincoln; London: University of Nebraska Press, 1997. "Henry H. McClure, Syndicated News." New York Times, 25 Nov., 1938: 23. Lyon, Peter. Success Story: The Life and Times of S.S. McClure. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1963. "S.S. M'Clure Dead: Publisher was 92." New York Times, 23 Mar., 1949: 27. Scope and Content Note The material in the McClure Publishing Company Archive spans the dates 1878-1952. It contains 1 linear foot of correspondence, photographs, clippings, financial and legal documents, and manuscripts relating to the company. There is also a significant amount of material concerning the company's founder, Samuel Sidney McClure, along with documents relating to his cousin, Henry Herbert McClure. The collection is organized in three series. The first contains primarily business correspondence from various literary figures and McClure staff members. The second includes various material relating to Samuel Sidney McClure. The third contains financial and legal documents relating to Henry Herbert McClure. Series I contains 216 letters from various authors, publishers, and editors to S.S. McClure, his brother Robert McClure, who was in charge of the London office, his partner John S. Phillips, and his cousin H.H. McClure. There are also letters addressed to other staff members of McClure's Syndicate and McClure's Magazine. The first seven folders contain materials relating to these two businesses, but folders eight through fifteen shift in focus to the ventures of H.H. McClure, most notably his own syndicate, H.H. McClure and Co., and his attempts to find work in the early 1930s. Authors writing to the McClures include Julia Ward Howe, Edmund Gosse, Booth Tarkington, Katharine Tynan, Isobel Strong, Ella Wheeler Wilcox, Ida Tarbell, Gilbert Parker, and Invin S. Cobb. The correspondence is arranged in chronological order, and is followed by two folders of undated material and one folder of material from unidentified correspondents. Series II contains material relating to Samuel Sidney McClure. It includes two photographs, one of McClure and one of an unidentified woman, as well as seventy clippings from newspapers, dating from 1934-1952. These clippings include obituary notices, cartoons and photographs, notices about S.S. McClure, and articles written by him. A few articles also concern H.H. McClure, Irvin S. Cobb, and Morgan Robertson. Finally, there are thirty-five pages of typescript and autograph notes and drafts by S.S. McClure for historical and political writings, a transcription of an interview which S.S. McClure gave in 1939, and a folder of unidentified notes about S.S. McClure's life. Series III contains financial and legal materials related to H.H. McClure. They include a draft of a 1907 contract between Illustrated Weekly Magazine, a syndicated Sunday supplement published by Collier's, and the Co-operative Publication Society, a notice by Collier's about the magazine, a check, dated 1900, to H.H.
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