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The Brass Check a Study of American Journalism by Upton Sinclair

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The Brass Check a Study of American Journalism by Upton Sinclair Digitized for Project Gutenberg by Jane Rutledge ([email protected]) on behalf of Friends of Libraries USA (http://www.folusa.org) and Betsy Connor Bowen (http://journal.maine.com/lore/loonalone/) on behalf of TeleRead (http://www.teleread.org). This is a preview version—not an official Gutenberg one. Questions? Contact David Rothman at [email protected]. July 16, 2003 The Brass Check A Study of American Journalism By Upton Sinclair Who owns the press, and why? When you read your daily paper, are you reading facts, or propaganda? And whose propaganda? Who furnishes the raw material for your thoughts about life? Is it honest material? No man can ask more important questions than those; and here for the first time the questions are answered in a book. ===========End of Cover Copy=========== Published by the Author Pasadena, California ====================== PART 1: THE EVIDENCE --- I. The Story of the Brass Check Sinclair, The Brass Check, p.2 of 412 II. The Story of a Poet III. Open Sesame! IV. The Real Fight V. The Condemned Meat Industry VI. An Adventure with Roosevelt VII. Jackals and a Carcase VIII. The Last Act IX. Aiming at the Public's Heart X. A Voice from Russia XI. A Venture in Co-operation XII. The Village Horse-Doctor XIII. In High Society XIV. The Great Panic XV. Shredded Wheat Biscuit XVI. An Interview on Marriage XVII. "Gaming" on the Sabbath XVIII. An Essential Monogamist XIX. In the Lion's Den XX. The Story of a Lynching XXI. Journalism and Burglary XXII. A Millionaire and an Author XXIII. The "Heart-Wife" XXIV. The Mourning Pickets XXV. The Case of the Associated Press XXVI. A Governor and His Lie XXVII. The Associated Press at the Bar XXVIII. The Associated Press and Its Newspapers XXIX. The Scandal-Bureau XXX. The Concrete Wall XXXI. Making Bomb-Makers XXXII. The Roof-Garden of the World XXXIII. A Fountain of Poison XXXIV. The Daily Cat-and-Dog Fight --- PART II: THE EXPLANATION --- XXXV. The Causes of Things XXXVI. The Empire of Business XXXVII. The Dregs of the Cup XXXVIII. Owning the Press XXXIX. The War-Makers XL. Owning the Owners XLI. The Owner in Politics XLII. Owning the Associated Press XLIII. The Owner and His Advertisers XLIV. The Advertising Boycott Page 2 Sinclair, The Brass Check, p.3 of 412 XLV. The Advertising Ecstasy XLVI. The Bribe Direct XLVII. The Bribe Wholesale XLVIII. Poison Ivy XLIX. The Elbert Hubbard Worm L. The Press and Public Welfare LI. The Press and the Radicals LII. The Press and the Socialists LIII. The Press and Sex LIV. The Press and Crime LV. The Press and Jack London LVI. The Press and Labor LVII. The Associated Press and Labor LVIII. "Poisoned at the Source" LIX. The Press and the War LX. The Case of Russia LXI. "Bolshevism" in America PART III: THE REMEDY --- LXII. Cutting the Tiger Claws LXIII. The Mental Munition-Factory LXIV. The Problem of the Reporter LXV. The Press Set Free LXVI. A Frame-up That Fell Down --- Conclusion A Practical Program Publisher's Note A LETTER FOR THE TIME VILLENEUVE, SWITZERLAND, Monday, Oct. 6, 1919 My Dear Confrere: I am happy to see you always so burning with energy, but your next book prepares for you some rude combats. It requires a bold courage to dare, when one is alone, to attack the monster, the new Minotaur, to which the entire world renders tribute: the Press. I return to Paris in a few weeks. Reaction there holds the center of the walk. It speaks already as master, and perhaps it will be master before the end of the winter. The wave of counter-revolution, of counter-liberty, passes over the Page 3 Sinclair, The Brass Check, p.4 of 412 world. It will drown more than one among us, but it will retire, and our ideas will conquer. Very cordially I press your hand. ROMAIN ROLLAND. INTRODUCTORY The social body to which we belong is at this moment passing through one of the greatest crises of its history, a colossal process which may best be likened to a birth. We have each of us a share in this process, we are to a greater or less extent responsible for its course. To make our judgments, we must have reports from other parts of the social body; we must know what our fellow-men, in all classes of society, in all parts of the world, are suffering, planning, doing. There arise emergencies which require swift decisions, under penalty of frightful waste and suffering. What if the nerves upon which we depend for knowledge of this social body should give us false reports of its condition? The first half of this book tells a personal story: the story of one man's experiences with American Journalism. This personal feature is not pleasant, but it is unavoidable. If I were taking the witness-chair in a court of justice, the jury would not ask for my general sentiments and philosophic opinions; they would not ask what other people had told me, or what was common report; the thing they would wish to know--the only thing they would be allowed to know--is what I had personally seen and experienced. So now, taking the witness-stand in the case of the American public versus Journalism, I tell what I have personally seen and experienced. I take the oath of a witness: the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help me God. After this pledge, earnestly given and earnestly meant, the reader must either believe me, or he must exclude me from the company of civilized men. My motive in writing this book is not to defend myself. We live in a time of such concentrated agony and peril that a man who would waste ink and paper on a defense of his own personality would be contemptible. What I tell you is: "Look! Here is American Journalism! Here is what it did to one man, systematically, persistently, deliberately, for a period of twenty years. Here are names, places, dates--such Page 4 Sinclair, The Brass Check, p.5 of 412 a mass of material as you cannot doubt, you cannot evade. Here is the whole thing, inside and out. Here are your sacred names, the very highest of your gods. When you have read this story, you will know our Journalism; you will know the body and soul of it, you will know it in such a way that you will not have to be told what it is doing to the movement for industrial freedom and self-government all over the world." In the second half of the book you will hear a host of other witnesses--several score of them, the wisest and truest and best people of our country. They are in every part of our country, in every class and every field of public life; and when you have heard their experiences, told for the most part in their own words, you must grant my claim concerning this book--that it is a book of facts. There are no mistakes in it, no guesses, no surmises; there are no lapses of memory, no inaccuracies. There are only facts. You must understand that I have had this book in mind for twenty years. For twelve years I have been deliberately collecting the documents and preserving the records, and I have these before me as I write. In a few cases of personal experiences I have relied upon my memory; but that memory is vivid, because the incidents were painful, they were seared into my soul, and now, as I recall them, I see the faces of the people, I hear their very tones. Where there is any doubt or vagueness in my recollection, or where there is hearsay testimony, I state the fact explicitly; otherwise, I wish the reader to understand that the incidents happened as I say they happened, and that upon the truth of every statement in this book I pledge my honor as a man and my reputation as a writer. One final word: In this book I have cast behind me the proprieties usually held sacred; I have spared no one, I have narrated shameful things. I have done this, not because I have any pleasure in scandal; I have not such pleasure, being by nature impersonal. I do not hate one living being. The people I have lashed in this book are to me not individuals, but social forces; I have exposed them, not because they lied about me, but because a new age of fraternity is trying to be born, and they, who ought to be assisting the birth, are strangling the child in the womb. PART I: THE EVIDENCE Page 5 Sinclair, The Brass Check, p.6 of 412 CHAPTER ONE: THE STORY OF THE BRASS CHECK Once upon a time there was a little boy; a nice little boy, whom you would have liked if you had known him--at least, so his mother says. He had been brought up in the traditions of the old South, to which the two most important things in the world were good cooking and good manners. He obeyed his mother and father, and ate his peas with a fork, and never buttered the whole slice of his bread. On Sunday mornings he carefully shined his shoes and brushed his clothes at the window, and got into a pair of tight kid gloves and under a tight little brown derby hat, and walked with his parents to a church on Fifth Avenue.
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