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Molly Haydock

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Molly Haydock Molly Haydock Theresa Holtby Doctor of Philosophy 2018 Western Sydney University Acknowledgements Many thanks to my family and friends for their support and encouragement throughout this undertaking. I also wish to thank my supervisors, Anna Gibbs, Sara Knox and Carol Liston, for their direction and expertise. And to my husband, Derek Holtby, for gallons of tea, years of longsuffering, and generous help with all things technical, thank you. ii Statement of Authenticity The work presented in this thesis is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, original, except as acknowledged in the text. I hereby declare that I have not submitted this material, either in full or in part, for a degree at this or any other institution. iii Table of Contents Abbreviations.......................................................................................................................................v Molly Haydock......................................................................................................................................1 Writing Molly...................................................................................................................................128 Preface..............................................................................................................................................129 1Introduction....................................................................................................................................130 Molly who?..................................................................................................................................132 As a descendant...........................................................................................................................134 As a woman.................................................................................................................................141 As an Australian...........................................................................................................................142 History or fiction?........................................................................................................................152 Is there any need for another novel about Reibey?......................................................................158 Romancing the reader..................................................................................................................159 2 Matriduxy?: Tracing Colonial Adumbration in Australian Womanhood via a Psychoanalytical Reading of Christina Stead’s The Man Who Loved Children...........................................................167 Matriduxy.....................................................................................................................................168 Being a woman in Australia.........................................................................................................172 Imperialist ideology–enter masochism, left field........................................................................179 The oracle that is Stead’s novel: matriduxy as Australian domestic ideology.............................183 Australian patriarchy and masochism..........................................................................................190 Heritage of punishment................................................................................................................191 Conclusion...................................................................................................................................194 3 Desperately Seeking Molly Haydock............................................................................................198 What really happened?.................................................................................................................198 Interpretation of sources..............................................................................................................202 Opening and themes.....................................................................................................................204 Puzzles and fragmentary clues.....................................................................................................208 Language......................................................................................................................................217 Other considerations....................................................................................................................218 4 Terra not nullius.............................................................................................................................223 Dharug voices: to speak, or not to speak?...................................................................................230 History or fiction controversy: Grenville’s The Secret River as a case study..............................233 Another view................................................................................................................................239 The unquantifiability of ‘history’ in historical fiction.................................................................240 5 Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................246 Works Cited......................................................................................................................................250 Bibliography.....................................................................................................................................262 iv Abbreviations SSR – Searching for the Secret River TMWLC – The Man Who Loved Children TSR – The Secret River v Abstract Key terms: Mary Reibey, First Nations, historical fiction, matriduxy, romance. Mary Reibey was Australia’s most successful convict-cum-businesswoman. This thesis consists of two components: an exegesis and a novella, Molly Haydock. The exegetical component outlines the known facts of Reibey’s life, reveals previously unknown details concerning Reibey, and explores the significance of her story to her descendants and the wider Australian community. It weighs the benefits of fiction against those of non-fiction, arguing that historical fiction can function as thought experiments, to facilitate reader engagement in a way that non-fiction cannot. A review of existing novels concerning Reibey demonstrates the need for a less romanticised treatment of her life than currently exists. This thesis explores Reibey’s historical context, and surveys the representation of women in Australian history (particularly but not exclusively colonial women). It traces a specific contemporary legacy of this representation–matriduxy, or the alleged domestic dominance of women in Australian families–and argues that masochistic and other cultural elements in the colonial era may have contributed to the genesis of this phenomenon. This examination of the possible origin of matriduxy is pursued in part via an analysis of Christina Stead’s modernist novel, The Man Who Loved Children. In this exegesis I outline some of the research processes and creative decision-making strategies involved in writing Molly Haydock, and identify a need for further historical research into specific aspects of Reibey’s life. I also explore issues surrounding indigeneity and frontier stories, and argue for a more balanced depiction of the spectrum of First Nations’ experiences and responses to the invasion, which ranged from victimisation to resilience and adaptation. I conclude that there is a need for more works of historical fiction accurately representing the intelligence and adaptability that have led to the current success of First Nations people. Molly Haydock synthesises the known outline of Reibey’s life with material uncovered during the research, and incorporates as much background detail concerning Reibey’s historical and geographical contexts as possible, within the narrative constraints of fiction. Molly Haydock vi imagines possible motivations for Reibey, and creates glimpses of what she may have seen and heard, thought and felt, during the foundational era of Australia as a modern nation. vii Molly Haydock Theresa Holtby Western Sydney University 1 I Stafford Assizes, England August 24, 1791 Every person sequestered in Staffordshire County Gaol heard the approach of the touring judge that ripe August day. Gentry, farmers and townsfolk flocked the high street, making a holiday of it. The enclosed souls soon to have their deeds weighed and their fortunes told heard the echoes of the judge’s arrival bouncing in to them off the stone walls, mixed with the sounding of trumpets and the tolling of bells. Among the men awaiting trial in the dungeon was a wiry little orphan from a village further north, Molly Haydock, disguised as a boy, and calling herself James Burrow. Molly had never seen a large-town procession. She didn’t know that the growing din of hobnailed boots tackety-tacking on the flagstones was made by twenty sheriff’s men in full ceremonial dress, armed with ornate javelins and leading the judge’s majestic, slow-rolling carriage up the high street and into Gaol Square. When the judge was installed in the courthouse the bailiff broke away from the solemn festivities and returned to the gaol to lead a group of prisoners out of the packed cells, through the crumbling stone corridors and briefly across the open square. Molly was surprised to see the sun, as if it
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