DOCSLIB.ORG

A History of the Illinois Training School for Nurses, 1880-1929, by Grace

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A History of the Illinois Training School for Nurses, 1880-1929, by Grace wmL ISTORY OF THE ilWnois training school '"''^^^^^''^^^OR NURSES B<:'f%>. fmm 1880-1929 mmMiW'k : W:>o. — » » <' -7— UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY ATURBANA-CHAMPAIGN ILL HIST. SURVEY . / c (p /^6<tc^^ ^ ^ P^y-^ .. w. 1^^^ A^^vt^, /. j{^iJr A HISTORY OF THE ILLINOIS TRAINING SCHOOL FOR NURSES zitMi y j^ OLuJ^UL/!JL(La^' Kf. IK^^.^? COPYRIGHT, 1930, BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE ILLINOIS TRAINING SCHOOL FOR NURSES DEDICATED TO THE SUPERINTENDENTS THE FACULTIES AND THE GRADUATES OF THE SCHOOL FOREWORD publishing this brief history, the Directors of the Illinois INTraining School for Nurses feel their obligation to he many fold: To honor the memory of that group of far-seeing icomen who in the face of opposition and untold difficidties founded the School in 1880. To bring to the graduates an intimate record of the growth and achievements of the School in which they have had so large a share. To acquaint the many friends of the School with its work and value to the community^ showing, we trust, that the School has been worthy of their support. To express appreciation to that large group of medical men who have been staunch friends of the School, helping to fight its battles as ivell as giving of their valuable time for lectures to the students; not forgetting that smaller group irhofor so many years gave gratuitous service in the care of sick student nurses. To recognize gratefully the indimited opportunity for public service and the invaluable laboratory for study afforded by our contracts with the successive Boards of Cook County Commis- sioners. In the gathering of material, the sources have been used as ex- tensively as possible: minutes of Board and committee meetings, reports, letters, press articles. Reports of the Alumnae Associa- tion, records deposited by Mrs. Lawrence with the Chicago His- torical Society; for the earlier years an especially interesting source is the notes from Mrs. Lawrence's diary compiled by Mrs. Henry L. Frank in 1920, when she was planning to write vii Vlll FOREWORD the history of the School—an achievement that was unfortunately 'precluded by her death. The writer wishes to acknowledge her indebtedness to Helen Scott Hay for her co-operation in supplying material on the period of her superintendency, and to Rachel C. Torrance and Lyda Anderson for their interesting notes on Miss Hay's war ivork. Much of the material of the chapter on the years 192Jt.-1929, the time of the superintendency of Laura R. Logan, has been prepared by Miss Logan, and is acknowledged ivith appreci- ation. To Jessie Breeze, for many helpful suggestions made possible by her years of close association with the School and her sympa- thetic understanding of its problems, the icriter expresses her gratitude. To Florence Schryver, her daughter, the writer also expresses gratitude for invaluable assistance in preparing the manuscript. GRACE FAY SCHRYVER. April, 1930 CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I, PRELIMINARY PLANS 1 II. PIONEER WORK 18 III. STEADY GROWTH 42 IV. NOTABLE ACHIEVEMENTS 61 V. INCREASING DEMANDS ON THE NURSING SERVICE . 77 VI. A CRITICAL PERIOD 93 VII. THE ILLINOIS TRAINING SCHOOL IN WAR WORK . .119 VIII. SOCIAL SERVICE 142 IX. FINAL YEARS OF THE SCHOOL 152 X. THE ALUMNAE ASSOCIATION 177 MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS .... 197 GRADUATES OF THE SCHOOL 203 INDEX 229 IX ILLUSTRATIONS Margaret Lawrence (Mrs. Charles B.) Frontispiece Faring page Mrs. Edward L. Wright (Sarah Peck) 8 Isabel Hampton (Mrs. Hunter Robb) 16 Mary E. Brown (Mrs. Richard Dewey) 16 Isabel Lauver 16 Group of graduates of the first class, spring and fall, 1883 . 24 Mrs. James M. Flower (Lucy L.) 36 The old Cook County Hospital 44 Original building when School entered May 1, 1881 Administration building finished in 1882 Faculty, graduate and pupil head nurses, 1892-1893 54 First year demonstration class, 1896, Amphitheatre, Cook County Hospital 58 Ward 6, Cook County Hospital, 1880-1914 .... 58 Isabel Mclsaac 64 Idora Rose (Mrs. J. W. Scroggs) 64 Nurses' home 74 1. Original building of 1883, with front and fourth story added in 1887 2. Crerar addition, 1907 3. MacDonald properties purchased 1910 Tablets in memory of benefactors of the School: Phebe L Smith; John Crerar 84 Presbyterian Hospital in 1888: Original building of 1883: Jones addition 1888; Hamill wing 92 Helen Scott Hay 96 Mary C. Wheeler 96 Mrs. Orson Smith (Anna Rice) 100 Mrs. Henry L. Frank (Henriette Greenbaum) 130 Mrs. Ira Couch Wood (Alice Holabird) . 152 Mrs. Harry F. Williams (Emma Magnus) 152 Laura R. Logan 152 Present Cook County Hospital, erected in 1914 160 Living Room in the Home .... 168 Spreading cheer throughout the Hospital with their Christmas carols 176 XI CHAPTER I PRELIMINARY PLANS 1880-1881 Purpose and founders—First meetings—Charter—Approach- ing the County Commissioners—Organization —Interest on the part of the Medical Association—Miss Broion chosen Superintendent— Two wards secured—Raising funds— Winning publicity. "The history of the Illinois Training School for Nurses is the history of nursing in the West; the progress of the school is the progress of nursing throughout the world, ^^'hen another quarter of a century is passed and the events of Chicago's history are sifted to record their true value, none will stand out greater as a factor in the welfare of the community than the foundation and work of this school. "Its founders 'builded better than they knew,' none of them realizing how far-reaching an influence they were creating. Their first few years were a constant battle against prejudice, p>olitical antagonism, and pov- erty. I have heard Mrs. Lawrence say that the one thing to which they pinned their faith, was the idea that if their work was for the good of "^ all, it would stand. THE purpose of the founders was twofold: first, to train young women to care scientifically for the sick, so establishing a new and dignified profession for women and at the same time making available to the public a valuable service; second, to give the patients in the Cook County Hospital care far better than that rendered by the untrained and politicall}' chosen attendants then employed. The plan originated with a small group of public-spirited women, prominent among whom were Mrs. Edward Wright (Sarah Peck), Mrs. Charles B. LawTence (Margaret Marsden), Dr. Sarah Hackett Stevenson, Mrs. J. M. (Lucy L.) Flower, Mrs. Thomas Burrows, Mrs. A. A. Carpenter, and Mrs. Orson Smith. ^Miss Isabel Mclsaac, graduate and later superintendent of the School, na- tionally known for her extensive work in nursing education. 1 — 2 Illinois Training School fob Nurses Mrs. Flower was well known philanthropically, especially for her work in the interests of children and young people it is for her that the one girls' high school in Chicago is named. Dr. Stevenson was one of the few recognized women physi- cians of the day, and took an important part in the charitable work of Chicago, to which the Sarah Hackett Stevenson Memorial Lodging House is one testimonial. Mrs. La\\Tence, wife of Judge Lawrence, at one time chief justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois, served as first president of the Board of the Training School, and to her efforts more than to those of any other one person was due the successful ac- complishment of their plans; in Judge Lawrence the School had at all times a sympathetic and able friend. But it is to Mrs. Wright that we owe credit for taking the first steps to- ward making a nurses' training school in Chicago a fact. In the resolutions taken by the Board of Directors at the time of her death twenty years later, they speak of her as "the founder and originator of the School; the first one to propose starting a training school for nurses; the one who inspired others to work with her for its estal)lishment." Sometime before the summer of 1880, she had visited hospitals and training schools in the East, and had returned much im- pressed by what she had seen and heard of their nursing service. Dr. Stevenson had studied the methods of the Flor- ence Nightingale Training School in London, and had en- deavored to interest her fellow citizens in a like institution for Chicago. In a paper read before the Fortnightly Society, Mrs. Lawrence says, "As yet we have no such school west of Buffalo. That we shall have them in the future is a certaintj-. They are too important an element in the civilization of today to be long ignored in any large city, ^^^ly should not Chicago take the lead in this humane direction? ^Miy should she not add to her many noble institutions for the relief of suffering humanity a training school for nurses? The County has already built and furnished a first class hospital, of which every resident in Cook County may well be proud. That hospital is in such admirable order that it needs but the school in connection with it to be perfect. It would give us the field of study which we require, and work in it could be made most eflficient." : Preliminary Plans 3 The first meeting looking toward organization was held at the home of Mrs. Lucretia J. Tilton, August 3, 1880. It was followed by manv others, for as Mrs. Lawrence remarks in a diary which she kept of that period, "It vdW take many more such meetings before we get started." Mrs. Flower mentions one of these early gatherings in an article which she wrote later on the history of the Training School "In the fall of 1880 a party of ladies met at the Palmer House in this city, for the purpose of organizing a training school for nurses.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Harriet Wilson Letter Janfinal
    1 Ohio, Hamilton County Reply of H. N. Wilson1 of College Hill, Ohio to the UGRR Circular College Hill, April 14, 1892 Mr. Siebert, I enclose my hastily prepared paper which has been done under many interruptions. I should copy it but there is dangerous illness in the family nearest me so that I can not take the necessary time today and trust you will pardon the crude way in which it is sent to you. You may care to use any of the material--if so all right. Do just what you think best in the matter. I presume you have the “Reminiscences of Levi Coffin” who was the pioneer as well as the foundation of the UGRR in Western Ohio and Eastern Indiana. “Uncle Levi”2 and “Aunt Katie”3 should indeed be “patron saints” of the colored people. I knew them both quite well and you may rely on his statement as “gospel truth.” Speaking of my brother, J.G. Wilson4 at Farmers’ College5, Murat Halstead6 was a student here at that time but from his early training and surroundings was not in the work of the Underground R.R. I think Oliver W. Nixon7, now of Chicago, was one of the young Quakers mentioned. Most of the active ones at that time are dead. Our present President Harrison8 was also here at that time. If you have any special questions and I can answer them, I will do so if you so desire. I met Mrs. Downs in the city yesterday P.M., whom I do not know, but she made herself known to me and told me that you wished for some information etc.
    [Show full text]
  • GERMAN IMMIGRANTS, AFRICAN AMERICANS, and the RECONSTRUCTION of CITIZENSHIP, 1865-1877 DISSERTATION Presented In
    NEW CITIZENS: GERMAN IMMIGRANTS, AFRICAN AMERICANS, AND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF CITIZENSHIP, 1865-1877 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Alison Clark Efford, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2008 Doctoral Examination Committee: Professor John L. Brooke, Adviser Approved by Professor Mitchell Snay ____________________________ Adviser Professor Michael L. Benedict Department of History Graduate Program Professor Kevin Boyle ABSTRACT This work explores how German immigrants influenced the reshaping of American citizenship following the Civil War and emancipation. It takes a new approach to old questions: How did African American men achieve citizenship rights under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments? Why were those rights only inconsistently protected for over a century? German Americans had a distinctive effect on the outcome of Reconstruction because they contributed a significant number of votes to the ruling Republican Party, they remained sensitive to European events, and most of all, they were acutely conscious of their own status as new American citizens. Drawing on the rich yet largely untapped supply of German-language periodicals and correspondence in Missouri, Ohio, and Washington, D.C., I recover the debate over citizenship within the German-American public sphere and evaluate its national ramifications. Partisan, religious, and class differences colored how immigrants approached African American rights. Yet for all the divisions among German Americans, their collective response to the Revolutions of 1848 and the Franco-Prussian War and German unification in 1870 and 1871 left its mark on the opportunities and disappointments of Reconstruction.
    [Show full text]
  • September 2020
    NIKE The official publication of New NYork State Women, Inc. IKVOL. 70 n ISSUE 1 nE SEPTEMBER 2020 Our Mission To build powerful women personally, professionally, and politically. Our Vision To make a difference in the lives of working women. Are YOU a member of NYS Women, Inc. yet? yet? Inc. Women, a member of NYS YOU Are Time to check us out at nyswomeninc.org Time Dated Material — Deliver Promptly #NEWYORKTOUGH NYS Women, Inc. – The State of the State Clear vision, clear leadership. -Jacquie Shellman NYS Women, Inc. President, 2020/2021 First, thank you for supporting and We have held productive informative encouraging me during my 43 years of Zoom meetings about “Best Practices for membership. It is an honor to serve the Presidents & Treasurers;” training on women of New York State in this new holding your own Zoom meetings, how decade. A perk of this office is to write a to navigate our website, and navigating President’s Message for NIKE, the respect- Facebook. We have more sessions com- ed publication of an organization with ing. Most are all recorded and accessible 100-plus years of advocating for women. on our website at: www.nyswomeninc. To accomplish our goals, we need org/members/zoom meetings Clear Vision, Clear Leadership. We need to We are being positive and proactive, connect with you, our member, and those planning a Fall Board October 2-3, 2020 of you who are interested in our organi- at the Killian’s Event Center in Waterloo, zation. We know that this new decade is NY.
    [Show full text]
  • Harveysburg on Caesar's Creek Thursday, January 25, 2007
    Harveysburg on Caesar's Creek Thursday, January 25, 2007 Warner W. Curtis 1869 ~ 1969 Warner W. Curtis was one of the children of James and Lucy Pinn Curtis. His father, James Curtis had 29 children all together. He was born on his father's farm on the site of the Battle of Bull Run in Virginia. Warner Curtis entered Wayland Seminary in Washington D. C. when he was 22 years old. Without funds and having to work, Warner studied hard he graduated. Following his graduation he married Miss Georgiana Randolph (went by both "Dolly" and "Anna"), became a farmer, a school teacher, NAACP branch president and YMCA night secretary. A short time before 1910 they purchased a 58 acre farm in Harveysburg, Ohio and raised a variety of crops. He also taught school in the Black School in Harveysburg. By 1920 they had moved to Chillicothe, Ohio where he was an orderly in a hospital operating room and served as president of the NAACP branch. In 1926, Warner and Anna moved to Cleveland, Ohio. There he worked in the Cedar YMCA. In 1941 he became the elevator operator at Fenn College and served seven years until he became ill. In his old age he became a noted "do-gooder" in his neighborhood, along E. 93rd Street in Cleveland. Neighbors would wake up and find their lawns mowed or their sidewalks cleaned. Sadly, his beloved wife of over fifty years died 1946. Warner was voted Man of the Year in 1965 by the Karamu Golden Age Club. A religious man, he never smoked and had only one drink in his long lifetime.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record- Senate. March 21
    .. 3108 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE. MARCH 21, San Francisco, Cal., for an appropriation for the purpose of di­ praying for the enactment of legislation to prohibit polygamy; verting the waters of the Mormon Channel into Calaveras River­ which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. He also presented a petition of Bricklayers, Masons, and Plas­ Also, resolutions of the California Miners' Association, San terers' Local Union No. 13, American Federation of Labor, of Francisco, Cal., favoring the creation of a Cabinet department of Taunton, Mass., and a petition of the Granite Cutters' Local mines and mining, and for the enactment of the so-called mineral­ Union, American Federation of Labor, of New Bedford, ]\{ass., lands bill-to the Committee on Mines and Mining. praying for the reenactment of the Chinese exclusion law; which By Mr. WRIGHT: Resolutions of Machinists' Union No. 305, were ordered to lie on the table. of Susquehanna, Pa., favoring reenactment of the Chinese-exclu­ Mr. MITCHELL presented a petition of Carpente1·s' Local sion law-to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Union No. 536, American Federation of Labor, of Baker City, Also, resolutions of Machinists' Union No. 305, of Susquehanna, Oreg., praying for the enactment of legislation providing an edu­ Pa., favoring the construction of war vessels in the United States cational test for immigrants to this country; which was ordered - navy-yards-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. to lie on the table. By Mr. YOUNG: PetitionoftheAtlantic Coast Seamen's Union, He also presented petitions of Mount Hood Division, No.
    [Show full text]
  • Innovation in Action the University of Maryland School of Nursing from Its Founding in 1889 to 2012 3
    Innovation in Action The University of Maryland School of Nursing From Its Founding in 1889 to 2012 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Letter from the Dean 5 The Way We Were: The School of Nursing from 1889 to 1978 6 A Role Model of Professionalism: The Work of Dr. Mary V. Neal 16 Setting the Standards: 1978-1989 18 Realizing the Vision: 1990-2002 24 A New Century: 2002-2012 46 Appendices 68 Dean, Superintendents, and Directors Alumni Association Executive Committee and Past Presidents Honorary Degree Recipients School of Nursing Board of Visitors DEAN’S LETTER 5 Jane M. Kirschling PhD, RN, FAAN For more than a century, the University of Maryland School of Nursing has been committed to excellence in educating nurses who have become experts in their fields, clinicians, educators, and leaders in Maryland, the nation, and around the globe. The School of Nursing was established as a hospital training school in 1889, emerged as an autonomous entity in 1952, and is celebrating its 125th anniversary in 2014. As we celebrate our past and look to our future, we cannot forget the nurse pioneers who came before us. We value the legacy of those who carried the torch in the name of nursing, including Clara Barton, Dorothea Dix, Mary Mahoney, Florence Nightingale, Louisa Parsons, Lucile Petry, and Lillian Wald, whose names Evaluation Laboratory was expanded, as was our nursing are all etched on the façade of our building. If I might program at the Universities at Shady Grove. And, we borrow the sentiment of Robert Burton’s quote, launched a Student Success Center to help nursing “I light my candle from their torches.” students become more efficient and effective learners.
    [Show full text]
  • Jane A. Delano: Founder of the American Red Cross Nursing Service a Story from Schuyler County’S History for March’S Women’S History Month
    Jane A. Delano: Founder of the American Red Cross Nursing Service A story from Schuyler County’s history for March’s Women’s History Month Hundreds of thousands of nurses have served the American Red Cross, caring for military personnel and civilians in times of war and for communities in times of need. Jane Arminda Delano of Schuyler County is credited to this day with the success of the Red Cross Nursing Service. Jane Delano (De-LAY-no) was born in 1862 in the Townsend area in the Town of Dix. She attended a rural school in Dix and then Cook Academy boarding school in Montour Falls (now the New York State Academy of Fire Sciences). After graduating from Cook, she taught in rural schools before enrolling in the Bellevue Hospital Training School for Nurses in New York City, graduating in 1886. “I can’t say that anything romantic or sentimental determined me to be a nurse,” Delano once wrote, according to the American Red Cross. “Many young nurses start out with the statement that the sight of suffering impelled them to begin a career of alleviating distress, but please don’t say that my career was ever influenced by such sentiment.” Her reason for becoming a nurse was simple, she said. “I think the nurse’s profession is a fine one, and I like it.” In 1888, in the midst of a yellow fever epidemic, she was hired as superintendent of the Sandhills Hospital near Jacksonville, Florida. Appalled at hospital conditions she found there, Delano instituted a regime of elementary hygiene and placed screens around each patient’s bed because she rightly suspected mosquitos as fever carriers.
    [Show full text]
  • Charles G. Dawes Archive
    Charles Deering McCormick Library of Special Collections Northwestern University Library, Evanston, Illinois 60208-2300 Charles G. Dawes Archive Biography: Charles Gates Dawes (1865-1951), prominent in U.S. politics and business, served as Comptroller of the Currency (1898-1901), director of the Military Board of Allied Supply (1918-1919), and first director of the Bureau of the Budget (1921). He received a Nobel Peace Prize as chairman of the Reparations Commission which restructured Germany's economy and devised a repayment plan (1924). He was elected Vice-President (1925- 1929), and appointed ambassador to England (1929-1931) and chairman of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (1932). Charles and his brothers founded Dawes Brothers Incorporated. Dawes formed the Central Trust Co. in Chicago (1902), guided its successor banks, and was influential in Chicago business, politics, and philanthropy until his death. Charles Gates Dawes was born and educated in Ohio. He married Caro Blymyer in 1889, practiced law, and incorporated a real estate business in Lincoln, Nebraska, before moving to Evanston, Illinois in 1895. He acquired utility companies and real estate in northern Illinois and Wisconsin; and in 1908, with his brothers Henry, Rufus, and Beman, formed Dawes Brothers Incorporated, to invest assets in banks, oil companies and real estate throughout the country. Various acquaintances who were prominent in political and industrial affairs trusted them to manage their investments as well. Other companies in which Charles Dawes and his brothers played leading roles included Chicago's Central Trust Co. and its successor banks and Pure Oil Company of Ohio. Dawes made significant philanthropic contributions to the Chicago metropolitan community.
    [Show full text]
  • If I Fail, He Dies: Military Nursing in the 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic
    IF I FAIL, HE DIES: MILITARY NURSING IN THE 1918-1919 INFLUENZA PANDEMIC A thesis submitted To Kent State University in partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Jennifer Rose Hivick August 2020 © Copyright All rights reserved Except for previously published materials Thesis written by Jennifer Rose Hivick B.A., Kent State University, 2018 M.A., Kent State University, 2020 Approved by Elaine Frantz , Advisor Kevin Adams, Chair , Department of History Mandy Munro-Stasiuk , Interim Dean, College of Arts and Sciences TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….iv INTRODUCTION ………………….…………………………………………………………………………………………….……… 1 CHAPTER ONE …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………18 CHAPTER TWO ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….47 CHAPTER THREE ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..71 CONCLUSION …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..97 BIBLIOGRAPHY ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………103 iii Acknowledgements I am lucky to have a great support system here at Kent State University. Without the support of my professors, my cohort, my family, and my friends, I would not have been able to write this thesis. First, I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Elaine Frantz. Without her support, enthusiasm, and patience, this thesis would not have been possible. When I doubted myself and wondered if I was capable of seeing graduate school through, she encouraged me; when I worried over the Covid-19 pandemic and was unable to think about this thesis for a few weeks, she understood and told me to take the time I needed. I could not have done this without her. I would also like to thank my committee members: Dr. Kevin Adams, Dr. Matthew Crawford, and Dr. Tara Smith. They all provided me with helpful comments and criticism, bringing up things I would not have considered on my own, and encouraged me to think outside of the box.
    [Show full text]
  • Nursing Matters Past and Present
    Nursing Matters Past and Present 33rd Edition American Red Cross National Nursing Committee Winter 2019 March is Red Cross Month; Please Be a Hero to Someone in Need Molly Dalton For the 76th year, March is Red Cross Month across lifesaving work of the dedicated employees and the United States and the American Red Cross is volunteers of the American Red Cross, as well as asking everyone to become a hero by giving blood, the remarkable kindness of the American people becoming a volunteer or making a donation to who give so generously to this organization. Read #help1family on Giving Day – March 27. entire proclamation here. During Red Cross Month, we honor the volunteer This year the Red Cross salutes all the heroes who heroes who fuel our mission every day to provide make a difference in their communities by: hope and urgent relief to families in need. These • Donating blood or platelets champions are your neighbors who give blood, take • Volunteering to help people impacted by a lifesaving classes such as First Aid and CPR, or disaster leave their home in the middle of the night to • Taking a first aid or CPR class to help in an support a disaster victim. We honor our volunteers emergency and ask you to join them and make a difference. • Providing comfort to a member of the military, a veteran or their family FIRST RED CROSS MONTH President Donald Trump has proclaimed March as Red Cross Month WHAT WE DO The Red Cross has been helping across the country, a tradition begun by President people in need for more than 130 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Nifmb Is Pioneer Barter Step
    SAUK CENTRE HERALD " ~ —~ ; :: ¦ • ¦ -¦ ' 90***- DEVOTED TO LOCAL INTERESTS. $1.50 A YEAR IN ESTABLISHED IN 1867 « ADVANCE. ' U itatv win s A UK. CENTRE. STEARNS COUNTY, MINNESOTA, THURSDAY, MARCH 27 1890. NUMBER 45 .. wUiu nave upon the new dinates, judge upon the Southern states. In the latter till the advocate decided to admit a misplaced switch Monday caused a train at the point. Nashville to eoll.de with the waiting room of the WARRANTING FIREARMS. ..... -..,.u'L. it would diminish the friction between SAJKCEN ? saloon trust has been formed at Tacoma, depot. Two were killsd and several injured, all tlwLl). J the ignorant blacks and the intelligent Wash. colored men UrtS An The Safest RAR. A syndicate proposes to run the buaineM who were unloading a caron the dAIIU Interestinc Salt Showing the Respon- ON THURSDAY AT PBTffim PUBLISHED aristocracy. He believed that when the for the town, side track. No one in wailing room was In most powerful alterative is agreeing not to establish more than Le sibility of a Dealer Rifles. poor colored people come to know a lit- twenty saloons, and that these shall not be near injured. Ayer’s Sarsaparilla. Young and. would see that land- A sportsman has recovered £I,OOO SAUK CENTRE, AND The House Takes Up the Chicago tle more they the churches, school hou-es, or in thickly settled res- An east-bound train on the Northern Pacific Gen. Crook, the Noted Indian old are alike benefited by its use. For man of education and idence course, damages from a firm in London for breach World’s Fair Bill and owner, the prop- districts.
    [Show full text]
  • The Eighteen of 1918–1919: Black Nurses and the Great Flu Pandemic in the United States
    AJPH HISTORY The Eighteen of 1918–1919: Black Nurses and the Great Flu Pandemic in the United States Marian Moser Jones, PhD, MPH, and Matilda Saines, BSc This article examines the role of Black American nurses during the 1918–1919 influenza pan- study of nursing and racism in a demic and the aftermath of World War I. The pandemic caused at least 50 million deaths world- public health emergency, while wide and 675 000 in the United States. It occurred during a period of pervasive segregation and raising transhistorical questions: Do public health emergencies racial violence, in which Black Americans were routinely denied access to health, educational, spur advancements in health and political institutions. We discuss how an unsuccessful campaign by Black leaders for admis- equity? Or do they merely allow sion of Black nurses to the Red Cross, the Army Nurse Corps, and the Navy Nurse Corps during exploitation of already-margin- World War I eventually created opportunities for 18 Black nurses to serve in the army during alized persons? Although a single the pandemic and the war’s aftermath. Analyzing archival sources, news reports, and published case study cannot off er defi nitive materials, we examine these events in the context of nursing and early civil rights history. This answers, it can provide valuable analysis demonstrates that the pandemic incrementally advanced civil rights in the Army Nurse insights. Corps and Red Cross, while providing ephemeral opportunities for Black nurses overall. This case study reframes the response to epidemics and other public health emergencies as potential opportunities to advance health equity.
    [Show full text]