Innovation in Action The University of Maryland School of Nursing From Its Founding in 1889 to 2012 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Letter from the Dean 5 The Way We Were: The School of Nursing from 1889 to 1978 6 A Role Model of Professionalism: The Work of Dr. Mary V. Neal 16 Setting the Standards: 1978-1989 18 Realizing the Vision: 1990-2002 24 A New Century: 2002-2012 46 Appendices 68 Dean, Superintendents, and Directors Alumni Association Executive Committee and Past Presidents Honorary Degree Recipients School of Nursing Board of Visitors DEAN’S LETTER 5 Jane M. Kirschling PhD, RN, FAAN For more than a century, the University of Maryland School of Nursing has been committed to excellence in educating nurses who have become experts in their fields, clinicians, educators, and leaders in Maryland, the nation, and around the globe. The School of Nursing was established as a hospital training school in 1889, emerged as an autonomous entity in 1952, and is celebrating its 125th anniversary in 2014. As we celebrate our past and look to our future, we cannot forget the nurse pioneers who came before us. We value the legacy of those who carried the torch in the name of nursing, including Clara Barton, Dorothea Dix, Mary Mahoney, Florence Nightingale, Louisa Parsons, Lucile Petry, and Lillian Wald, whose names Evaluation Laboratory was expanded, as was our nursing are all etched on the façade of our building. If I might program at the Universities at Shady Grove. And, we borrow the sentiment of Robert Burton’s quote, launched a Student Success Center to help nursing “I light my candle from their torches.” students become more efficient and effective learners. The previous history publication, Building the Our School is only as strong as its alumni, and we ar e Future , was published in 2002 and highlighted the proud of the 20,000 we call our own. These amazing School’s accomplishments from its founding through men and women continue to make a lasting impression the tenure of its fifth dean, Barbara R. Heller, EdD, on the nursing profession and the health care system. RN, FAAN. This new publication Innovation in Action They are leaders in academia, the Armed Forces, Innovation adds to that chronicle the School’s achievements during hospitals, and other health care organizations. You will the tenure of Dean Janet D. Allan, PhD, RN, FAAN, read about some of them in this publication. who led the School from 2002 to 2012. I would be remiss if I did not acknowledge the in Action During Dean Allan’s tenure, the School continued to hard work and support of our outstanding faculty, grow and thrive with two strategic plans. Partnerships staff, and students who have helped form the legacy were cultivated with the Army Nurse Corps and the of our top-ranked School. As we move forward through University of Maryland Medical Center, and we becam e the 21st century, we will continue to build upon our participants in the Joining Forces Campaign, history, cultivate relationships, launch new programs, and an initiative to further educate our nation’s three elaborate upon our multiple mosaics—of academic million nurses so they are prepared to meet the programs, students, faculty, alumni, and staff. unique health needs of service members, veterans, We hope that by documenting the last decade, we and their families. will continue to inspire and inform not only potential Two Wellmobiles were sent to Mississippi to provide and current health care professionals, but also friends health care to survivors of Hurricane Katrina. The of our School and the University. School worked to become a Robert Wood Johnson We hope that you enjoy reading this publication an d Foundation/Institute of Medicine (IOM) Action that you will join us in celebrating our 125th anniversary Coalition to further the goals of the nursing profession in 2014. I am proud to be serving as the sixth dean of as outlined in the IOM’s Future of Nursing: Campaign the University of Maryland School of Nursing and loo k for Action report. The Doctor of Nursing Practice forward to leading the School to even greater heights. program and the state’s first Certified Registered Nurse Anesthesia master’s specialty and Clinical Nurse Leader Sincerely, program were launched. The Institute for Educators in Nursing and Health Professions was established to address the nurse faculty shortage, and the Office of Jane M. Kirschling, PhD, RN, FAAN Global Health was formalized. Two centers of research excellence were formed—the Center for Biology and Dean and Professor Behavior Across the Lifespan and the Center for Health University of Maryland School of Nursing Outcomes Research—and the School’s ranking in Director, Interprofessional Education funding (for nursing schools) from the National Institut es University of Maryland, Baltimore of Health rose to 11th. The Clinical Education and 7 At the Beginning: Louisa Parsons’ A Nightingale Comes to Baltimore Royal Red Cross 188 9-1978 Louisa Parsons (1855-1916), a native of Devon in England’s west country, became the School of THE WAY WE WERE: Nursing’s first Superintendent of Nurses in December 1889. Although her term was brief—she served THE SCHOOL OF NURSING FROM 1889 TO 1978 for some 22 months until January 1892—Parsons’ Adapted from Dr. Marion I. Murphy’s “Nursing” (1976) professional background helped place the school on solid footing while her later nursing accomplishments inspired generations of students and graduates. he history of the University of Maryland School of Nursing contains many unique Parsons was an 1880 graduate of the renowned Nightingale Fund Training School for Nurses, located features. Prominent among them is its origins in 1889 in a university hospital setting at St. Thomas’ Hospital, London. She came to Baltimo re Tunder the direction of a graduate of the first modern school of nursing—that in April 1889 as one of four head nurses hired to established by Florence Nightingale in 1860. Known first as the University of Maryland supervise nursing care at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Hospital Training School, the two-year program was among the earliest established which opened in June of that year. She had been one of four finalists out of 80 applicants for the position of along the Eastern seaboard; its identification with a medical school and a teaching superintende nt, a job that went to the now legendary hospital provided unusual educational opportunities. nursing leader Isabel A. Hampton. When Parsons’ Nevertheless, the School of Nursing’s emergence as an autonomous unit within six-month contract with Hopkins ended, the University the University of Maryland in 1952 occurred somewhat later than was the case in of Maryland medical faculty hired her to open a nurse training school at their hospital. several state institutions with similar backgrounds. The School of Nursing was Then in her mid-30s, Parsons was hailed in local unique, however, in its ability to establish a graduate program in nursing very newspapers as a decorated nursing veteran of British shortly after the baccalaureate and to achieve national accreditation of both Army campaigns in Egypt and Sudan, and a product of programs simultaneously in 1957. the world’s best-known nursing school. This was clearly someone with practical experience and professional Louisa Parsons, 1889 pedigree. With professional nursing education still somewhat novel in 1889, the selection of Parsons signaled to young women considering nurses’ training and to the growing public market for hospital services Staff and students in operating room, 1912 that the Maryland University Hospital was modern and up to date. As superintenden t, Parsons instituted a two-year course of nurse training, convinced the medical faculty to build residential quarters for student nurses, and introduced a student cap modeled after the one worn Parsons returned to England someti me around First graduating class, 1892 at the Nightingale School. The cap, known affectionate ly 1912 to care for her ailing mother and much to her as the Flossie in honor of Florence Nightingale, later regret never came back to the United States. became the School’s official graduate cap and served There is a poignant story of her terminal illness when for decades as a symbol of the wearer’s professionalism she expressed a wish to see Dr. William Osler, whom and the school’s connection to the founder of she had known at Hopkins, then serving as regius modern nursing. professor at Oxford. When word reached him, he went Leaving Baltimore in 1892, Parsons resumed her to see her immediately, later communicating by cable peripatetic life, working briefly with Clara Barton and with a common friend, “Miss Parsons failing—have the Red Cross in Beaufort, South Carolina, following the seen her today—not suffering—sends love. William devastating Sea Islands Hurricane (1894), serving as a Osler.” Parsons died on November 2, 1916 and was contract Army nurse during the Spanish-American War buried with full military honors. Osler, who attended, (1898), and rejoining the British army in South Africa reported that it was the most impressive funeral he had during the Anglo-Boer War (1900-1902). In between ever seen given to a nurse. Quite fittingly, Parsons’ long these dramatic nursing episodes, Parsons spent much of service to American nursing was marked by obituaries her time in the Boston area, where she became involved in Baltimore, New York, and Boston newspapers. with the Massachusetts Nurses Association and a local Although no evidence survives of contact between chapter of the American Red Cross. Parsons and her former students, a short time before 9 student provides her own uniforms, obtained through The School of Nursing was changing in other ways the hospital at a nominal cost, but upon completion of as well during the post-war years.