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Operation China Subei November 2 Location: The History: Refugees present population from northern of the Subei Jiangsu migrated SHANGDONG people in Shanghai into Shanghai in JIANGSU is almost large numbers after ANHUI SHANGHAI impossible to floods in 1911 and ZHEJIANG Scale JIANGXI measure, as the 1921. The worst 0 KM 400 Chinese flood took place in Population in China: authorities do not 1931, resulting in 1,500,000 (1949) count them as a 78,045 Subei 2,494,500 (2000) separate people. people coming to 2,818,800 (2010) 3 Location: Shanghai The most recent Shanghai. Their Religion: No Religion population for the numbers continued Christians: 40,000 Subei was by to grow. In 1946, Chinese scholar nearly 59,000 Overview of the Subei Xie Junmei who Subei natives Countries: China estimated registered with the Pronunciation: “Soo-bay” 1,500,000 — or Committee for the about one-fifth of Salvation of Subei Other Names: Jiangbei 4 Population Source: Shanghai’s Refugees. 1,500,000 (1949 Xie Junmei); population in 1949 Out of a total Han population of — were Subei Customs: To 1,042,482,187 (1990 census) people.1 They were outsiders today, the Location: Shanghai Municipality originally located in Subei are largely Status: Officially included under Han Chinese the central areas indistinguishable Language: Chinese, Mandarin of the city, but from the other Dialects: 0 were pushed Chinese around Religion: No Religion, out by the Wu- them. Until recently Ancestor Worship, Christianity speaking Chinese Paul Hattaway Subei women wore Christians: 40,000 during the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911). “red and green silk clothes, embroidered Scripture: Chinese Bible shoes, pink or red stockings, and other 5 Jesus film: Available (Mandarin) Identity: Although they are part of the Han brightly colored clothes.” Even today, Gospel Recordings: Chinese nationality, the Subei — who are Shanghai women shun red cloth and often Mandarin #00037 also called Jiangbei — have a distinct say to women wearing red, “You Subei Christian Broadcasting: identity. The Subei are immigrants who person — that’s ugly!”6 A 1986 study Available (FEBC, TWR) came from northern (bei) Jiangsu (su). The showed that 80% of Subei marry spouses ROPAL code: None Subei “are socially looked down upon and of Subei origins.7 The Subei have a economically and educationally reputation for working in Shanghai’s lowest disadvantaged.… The term ‘Subei swine’ and filthiest jobs, such as bathhouse Status of Evangelization is an extreme insult in the Shanghai attendants, barbers, and pig farmers. A 65% dialect. The government recognizes them as 1958 study found 77% of the pedi-cab Han, but they claim separate ethnicity and drivers in Shanghai were Subei people.8 33% exhibit group solidarity.… If you ask any one from Shanghai who they are, they’ll Religion: There are a few traces of Chinese 2% probably know exactly who you’re talking traditional religious beliefs remaining about and be willing to spread a whole lot among elderly Subei people, but most A B C of slander about how dirty and stupid these Subei under the age of 50 are atheists. A = Have never heard the gospel B = Were evangelized but did not people are. The only reason they’re dirty is become Christians because they’re poor, and they’re poor Christianity: There are a significant number C = Are adherents to any form of Christianity because they are uneducated and they are of Subei Christians in Shanghai. This city, uneducated because they are discriminated which was the traditional port of arrival for against.”2 Zhou Enlai, the Communist missionaries, has received more gospel leader, was a Subei from Huai’an County. witness than most other parts of China. In 1996 Shanghai’s more than 14 million Language: The Subei speak a dialect of inhabitants included 127,000 Protestants9 Mandarin from northern Jiangsu Province. and 120,000 Catholics.10 These 247,000 Their different speech makes them stand believers, however, amount to only 2% of out from other Shanghai residents. Shanghai’s population. 488 SUBEI.
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