INNOVATIVE NUCLEAR DESIGNS THE FUTURE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY
Generation IV reactors aim at providing a sustainablesustainable, economical and reliable source of energy with:
• No CO 2 emissions • Enhanced safety • Better usage offhb resources. Higher burn -up • LLower waste t ggeneration. ti TTransmutation t ti of f TTransuranid id elements The GenIV International Forum (GIF) approved the study of 6 possible designs:
Lead-Cooled Fast Reactor (LFR) Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) Very-High-Temperature Reactor (VHTR) AfastA fast-spectrum lead or lead-bismuth eutectic AfastA fast-spectrumspectrum, sodium-cooled reactor and Graphite-moderated (thermal spectrum), spectrum) liquidq -metal-cooled reactor and a closed fuel closed fuel cycleyg for efficient management helium-cooled reactor with a once-throughg cycle for efficient conversion of fertile uranium of actinides and conversion of fertile uranium fuel cycle anddtftiid management of actinides uraniumi
MMolten lt SSalt lt RReactor t (MSR) SitilSupercritical-WtWater-CldCooled RReactor t (SCWR) GGas-CldFtRt(GFR)Cooled Fast Reactor (GFR) It produces fission power in a circulating High-temperature, high -pressure water cooled AfastA fast-neurtron-spectrum reactor with moten salt fuel mixture with an epithermal reactor that operates above the thermodynamic helium-cooled reactor and closed fuel cycle spectrumpy reactor and a full actinide recycle critcal pointpp of water with thermal spectrum fuel cycle
Wendelstein 7-X is an Thermonuclear Fusion ibis based d on thitthe interaction ti experimental stellarator (nuclear fusion reactor))yg currently being built btbetween ttwo lihtlightg nuclei litf to form a hheavier i nucleous. l in GreifswaldGreifswald, Germany by the Max- PlPlanck k-IiInstitut füfür PlPlasmaphysik h ik (IPP)(IPP), • HiHigh h energy ddensity i • EdiiExtreme conditions which will be completed by 2015. • Fuel abundance • Tritium management issues It will be the largest facility of this kind • No CO2 emissions • Materials limitations in the world. • No highg -activityy waste
The tokamak fusion experiment ASDEX UdUpgrade (AUG) iis a medium di size i ITER will be the world'sworld s largest and most divertor tokamak with an ITER-like advanceddd experimental i l tokamakkk configurationconfiguration. nuclear fusion reactor and will be The similarityypg of ASDEX Upgrade to ITER constructed at Cadarache, FranceFrance. makes it particularly suited to testing It is expectedpp to produce its first plasma p controllifhl strategies for shape, plasma in 2019 and to produce fusion power in performance and 20262026. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modesmodes. It will provide enough data and It is located at the Max-Planck-Institut knowledge to launch a commercial für Plasmaphysik (IPP)(IPP), in Garching- fusion reactor pgprogram. Forschungszentrumh .