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Chapter One an Introduction to Jainism and Theravada
CHAPTER ONE AN INTRODUCTION TO JAINISM AND THERAVADA BUDDfflSM CHAPTER-I An Introduction to Jainism and Theravada Buddhism 1. 0. History of Jainism "Jainism is a system of faith and worship. It is preached by the Jinas. Jina means a victorious person".' Niganthavada which is mentioned in Buddhist literature is believed to be "Jainism". In those days jinas perhaps claimed themselves that they were niganthas. Therefore Buddhist literature probably uses the term 'nigantha' for Jinas. According to the definition of "Kilesarahita mayanti evamvaditaya laddhanamavasena nigantho" here nigantha (S. nkgrantha) means those who claimed that they are free from all bonds.^ Jainism is one of the oldest religions of the world. It is an independent and most ancient religion of India. It is not correct to say that Jainism was founded by Lord Mahavlra. Even Lord Parsva cannot be regarded as the founder of this great religion. It is equally incorrect to maintain that Jainism is nothing more than a revolt against the Vedic religion. The truth is that Jainism is quite an independent religion. It has its own peculiarities. It is flourishing on this land from times immemorial. Among Brahmanic and i^ramanic trends, Jainism, like Buddhism, represents ^ramanic culture. In Buddhist literatures, we can find so many 'GJ, 1 ^ DNA-l, P. 104 informations about Jainism. The Nigantha Nataputta is none else but Lord Mahavlra.^ 1.1. Rsabhadeva According to tradition, Jainism owes its origin to Rsabha, the first among the twenty-four Tirthankaras. The rest of the Trrthahkaras are said to have revived and revealed this ancient faith from time to time. -
Lord Mahavira Publisher's Note
LORD MAHAVIRA [A study in Historical Perspective] BY BOOL CHAND, M.A. Ph.D (Lond.) P. V. Research Institute Series: 39 Editor: Dr. Sagarmal Jain With an introduction by Prof. Sagarmal Jain P.V. RESEARCH INSTITUTE Varanasi-5 Published by P.V. Research Institute I.T.I. Road Varanasi-5 Phone:66762 2nd Edition 1987 Price Rs.40-00 Printed by Vivek Printers Post Box No.4, B.H.U. Varanasi-5 PUBLISHER’S NOTE 1 Create PDF with PDF4U. If you wish to remove this line, please click here to purchase the full version The book ‘Lord Mahavira’, by Dr. Bool Chand was first published in 1948 by Jaina Cultural Research Society which has been merged into P.V. Research Institute. The book was not only an authentic piece of work done in a historical perspective but also a popular one, hence it became unavailable for sale soon. Since long it was so much in demand that we decided in favor of brining its second Edition. Except some minor changes here and there, the book remains the same. Yet a precise but valuable introduction, depicting the relevance of the teachings of Lord Mahavira in modern world has been added by Dr. Sagarmal Jain, the Director, P.V. Research Institute. As Dr. Jain has pointed out therein, the basic problems of present society i.e. mental tensions, violence and the conflicts of ideologies and faith, can be solved through three basic tenets of non-attachment, non-violence and non-absolutism propounded by Lord Mahavira and peace and harmony can certainly be established in the world. -
SAVITRI AS the YOGA of the EARTH Ananda Reddy
SAVITRI AS THE YOGA OF THE EARTH Ananda Reddy Photo credit: Sri Aurobindo Ashram In my recent studies, when I was preparing for a workshop in Germany, I came across a message of the Mother. Although it seemed by chance, surely it was not just by chance. It was definitely by her Grace, for in fact in this message She has given the quintessence of Savitri. You may have read many comments from the Mother and many letters from Sri Aurobindo aboutSavitri , but in this small message she has given the entire theme and content of Savitri, and I could easily hold a whole workshop on this theme. The Mother writes that Savitri is : 1. The daily record of the spiritual experiences of the individual who has written. 2. A complete system of yoga, which can serve as a guide for those who want to follow the integral yoga. 3. The yoga of the earth in its ascension towards the divine. 4. The experiences of the divine Mother in her effort to adapt herself to the body she has taken and the ignorance and the falsity of the earth upon which she has incarnated. (Collected Works of the Mother (CWM), 13:24) April 2012 Vol. XIII – II 4 NEW RACE These are the four essential strands in Savitri, and each one of them can be developed in its fullness. Each of these could be given a subtitle for our convenience. For example the first one,“The daily record of the spiritual experiences of the individual who has written” could be called “Savitri as the Record of Yoga of Sri Aurobindo and the Mother.” The second one, “A complete system of yoga …” could be subtitled “Savitri as the Yoga of Self-Perfection”. -
Special Double Issue on Sri Aurobindo's Savitri, a Legend and A
Summer & Fall 2011 Journal of the Integral Yoga of Sri Aurobindo and the Mother Vol. 36, Nos. 1-2 Special double issue on Sri Aurobindo’s Savitri, A legend and a symbol Summer & Fall 2011 Collaboration • 1 About the cover “Creation of the gods.” This is a grayscale copy of a painting by Shiva Vangara done in Alkyds, Table of contents the most advanced colors from Winsor and Collaboration, vol. 36, nos. 1-2, Summer & Fall 2011 Newton, London. Throughout this issue we fea- ture Shiva’s fine paintings, many of which are based on Savitri. These paintings and others can be viewed in all their exquisite colors on From the office ofCollaboration his blog: http://visionsoncanvas.blogspot.com. Notes on this issue ............................................................Larry Seidlitz 3 The authors and poets Current affairs Anurag Banerjee is the founder and chairman of the Overman Foundation (see http://overman- Sri Aurobindo Learning Center .................................................... Swaha 4 foundation.wordpress.com). His email address is: Auromesa Center ........................................................... Tizia O'Connor 5 [email protected]. The Passing of Amal Kiran (K.D. Sethna) ...................Anurag Banerjee 6 Arabinda Basu, a member of the Sri Aurobindo Ashram, is a philosopher and scholar of Integral Briefs .................................................................................................. 710 7 Yoga, and editor of the journal Gavesana (Quest for Light). He has taught and lectured on comparative philosophy and religion internationally. AV almanac Kalpana Bidwaikar (kalpanacb@rediffmail. About Savitri Bhavan ......................................................Muriel Ghion 8 com) is an Assistant Professor of English at the Col- lege at Bilaspur (Chattisgarh State). She also lec- tures on the vision and works of Sri Aurobindo and Chronicles the Mother in Chattisgarh and Delhi. -
Sculptural Art of Jains in Odisha: a Study
International Journal of Humanities And Social Sciences (IJHSS) ISSN (P): 2319-393X; ISSN (E): 2319-3948 Vol. 6, Issue 4, Jun - Jul 2017; 115 - 126 © IASET SCULPTURAL ART OF JAINS IN ODISHA: A STUDY AKHAYA KUMAR MISHRA Lecturer in History, Balugaon College, Balugaon, Khordha, Odisha, India ABSTRACT In ancient times, Odisha was known as Utkal, which means utkarsh in kala i.e., excellent in the arts. Its rich artistic legacy permeates through time, into modern decor, never deviating from the basics. Each motif or intricate pattern, draws its inspiration from a myth or folklore, or from the general ethos itself. Covered by the dense forests, soaring mountains, sparkling waterfalls, murmuring springs, gurgling rivers, secluded dales, deep valleys, captivating beaches and sprawling lake, Odisha is a kaleidoscope of past splendor and present glory. Being the meeting place of Aryan and Dravidian cultures, with is delightful assimilations, from the fascinating lifestyle of the tribes, Odisha retains in its distinct identity, in the form of sculptural art, folk art and performing art. The architectural wonders of Odisha must be seen in the Jain caves, which speak about the fine artistry of Odisha’s craftsmen, in the bygone era. The Odias displayed their remarkable creative power, in the Jain sculptural art. While they built their caves like giants, they sculptured the caves like master artists. The theme of these sculptures was so varied, for the artist and his imagination so deep that, as if, he was writing an epic on the surface of the stone. KEYWORDS: Art, Architecture, Sculpture, Prolific INTRODUCTION Odisha has a rich and unique heritage of art traditions, beginning from the sophisticated ornate temple architecture, and sculpture to folk arts, in different forms. -
B.A. English Sem. III
www.aisectuniversityjharkhand.ac.in | Follow us on: INDIA WRITING IN ENGLISH (B.A. English Sem. III) Contact us: 8252299990 8404884433 AISECT University, Hazaribag Matwari Chowk, in front of Gandhi Maidan, Hazaribag (JHARKHAND) 825301 www.aisectuniversityjharkhand.ac.in [email protected] Savitri: A Summary of Sri Aurobindo’s Epic Poem Because of the importance of Sri Aurobindo’s epic poem Savitri among his works, and because of the numerous references the Mother makes to it especially in Mother’s Agenda, (“Everything is in Savitri“, she says), we thought readers would find it helpful to have a summary of the poem. Dr Tyberg who prepared what follows several years ago, was the founder of the East-West Cultural Center in Los Angeles and its guiding light for years until her death in 1980. She is the author of several articles and two books on Sanskrit, First Lessons in Sanskrit and Language of the Gods] The Drama of Integral Self-Realisation—The Spiritual Message of Savitri Sri Aurobindo’s Savitri is an epic poem of high spiritual challenge in the Yoga or Divine Union or Goal of Self-Realisation it presents. Its spiritual conception is so all-embracing, so integral that it gives birth to a power which transforms life on earth to a life of divine activity rather than leading to an escape from life. The epic is a mantric expression of this great Seer-sage’s inner findings and conquests, leading to his vision of an age of truth-consciousness and immortality. It portrays in living drama the daring climb within of a king-soul through progressive states of consciousness to Nirvanic heights and beyond to summits never reached before. -
Balabhavan Class
BALABHAVAN NEWSLETTER VEDIC CULTURAL AND SPIRITUAL CENTER OF SAN DIEGO November 2014 Balabhavan Coordinators SATI ANASUYA BBC Announcements: Anasuya was the wife of Atri Maharishi, a great sage and one of the Sapta Rishis. She (1) MANDATORY ANNUAL Lalitha Krishnamoorthy was the daughter of Sage Kardama and his wife PARENT MEETING: Sushma Natarajan Devahuti. She was very pious, and always Parents are REQUIRED to Kumar Gowda practiced austerities and devotion. “Anasuya” [email protected] attend at least ONE of two has 2 parts; “An” [“No”] and “Asuya” meetings, either November [“jealous”] meaning; “one who is free from 8th or November 15th from 4 jealousy or envy". She performed penance for a – 5 pm, in the MPR. Please Class Coordinators very long time in order to beget sons equal to be punctual. the Gods Brahma, Vishnu and Siva. In order to Super-Senior Class: grant her wish, Tri-Murtis (Brahma, Vishnu and (2) Bala Bhavan Lavanya Kadiyala Siva) took the form of Sanyasis and asked her Registration, 2015: [email protected] to serve Nirvana Bhiksha, that is, to give them Please re-register for the Senior Class: food in a naked condition. Anasuya meditated Bala Bhavan 2015 program. Radhika Chari on the form of her husband, took refuge in Please send the coordinators Vandana Santhanam his feet and sprinkled few drops of water over an email if you havent the three Sanyasis. The Tri-Murtis were received the email [email protected] converted into 3 children. instructions to re-register. Junior Class: She thought that those children were Rajashri Balaji her own and fed them with her milk. -
Gustav Holst!S Savitri Elucidated Ey Hindu
GUSTAV HOLST!S SAVITRI ELUCIDATED EY HINDU THOUGHT Scott Alan Landvatter A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University of Utah partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Music Department of Music The University of Utah December 1984 Copyright© 1984. Scott Alan Landvatter All Rights Reserved THE UNIVERSITY OF UTAH COLLEGE OF FINE ARTS SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE APPROVAL of a thesis submitted by Scott Alan Landvatter This thesis has been read by eac h member of the following supervisory committee and by majority vote has been found to be satisfactory. Chairman: ^ M argaret Rorke f r a y > 7 (j Bruce Reich A / / / /W -------------------- Jay Welch THE UNIVERSITY OF UTAH COLLEGE OF FINE ARTS FINAL READING APPROVAL T o the Graduate Council of The University o f Utah: I have read the thesis of S c o tt A la n L a n d va tter_______________________ in its final form and have found that (1) its format, citations, and bibliographic style are consistent and acceptable; (2) its illustrative materials including figures, tables, and charts are in place; and (3) the final manuscript is satisfactory to the Supervisory Committee and is ready for submission to the Graduate School. JQL . i , lM ___ ,____________ Date J Margaret Rorke Chairperson, Supervisory Committee Approved for the Major Department — v-—^^------ ^ f Edgar Thompson Chairperson Approved for the Graduate Council -y- -----Y ^ - Keith Engar Dean. College ofr rts ABSTRACT Gustav Holst, throughout his life manifesting a rather mystic penchant, was, in his early career, quite taken with Hindu writings? it was as a result of his studies in Sanskrit that his chamber opera Savitri, Opus 25, emerged in 1908. -
Contents Chap
CONTENTS CHAP. PAGE I. THE EARLY NARRATIVE POETRY OF INDIA . 1 II. THE RECORDS OF THE INDIAN HEROIC AGE . 15 III. THE CHRONOLOGY OF THE HEROIC AGE OF INDIA 33 IV. EARLY INDIAN MINSTRELSY /ND HEROIC POETRY ....... 48 V. THE COMMON CHARACTERISTICS OF HEROIC POETRY ....... 70 VI. UNHISTORICAL ELEMENTS IN HEROIC POETRY . 91 VII. SOCIETY IN THE HEROIC AGE OF INDIA (I) . 114 VIII. SOCIETY IN THE HEROIC AGE OF INDIA (II) . 144 IX. GOVERNMENT IN THE HEROIC AGE . 170 X. RELIGION IN THE HEROIC AGE OF INDIA . 194 XI. CONCLUSION ...... 218 NDEX ......... 227 PREFACE TT\ISRAELI somewhere asserts that experience is less than nothing to a creative mind, and that almost everything that is great has been done by youth. The theory for but it is may not hold good latter-day society ; eminently applicable to a particular stage in the history of almost every nation. In such a state of society the energy and exuberance of youth find expression in vigorous action, *n deeds of might and valour. The individual asserts himself against old bonds and old ties, which are replaced by new. " " Yet for what we call a Heroic Age something more is necessary. The heroism must be there ; but the hero must have someone to commemorate his acts. This record of his deeds is not a product of the imagination or the brain of a later time it there then the ; originates and with performance of the heroic action. We have extant such poetic records in the literature of various countries, poems which though " widely separated from one another both in date and place " of origin present strikingly similar features. -
Jainism by Dr
Jainism By Dr. Subhash Chandra Jainism traditionally known as Jain Dharma, is an ancient, non-theistic, Indian religion, founded by Jina Mahavira in the 5th century BCE. Followers of Jainism are called "Jains", a word derived from the Sanskrit word jina (victor) and connoting the path of victory in crossing over life's stream of rebirths through an ethical and spiritual life. Jains trace their history through a succession of 24 victorious saviours and teachers known as tirthankaras, with the first being Rishabhanatha, who according to Jain tradition lived millions of years ago, twenty-third being Parshvanatha in 8th century BC and twenty-fourth being the Mahāvīra around 500 BCE. Jains believe that Jainism is an eternal dharma with the tirthankaras guiding every cycle of the Jain cosmology. The main religious premises of Jainism are ahiṃsā (non-violence), anekāntavāda (many-sidedness), aparigraha (non-attachment) and asceticism. Devout Jains take five main vows: ahiṃsā (non-violence), satya (truth), asteya (not stealing), brahmacharya (celibacy or chastity), and aparigraha (non-attachment). These principles have impacted Jain culture in many ways, such as leading to a predominantly vegetarian lifestyle that avoids harm to animals and their life cycles. Parasparopagraho Jīvānām (the function of souls is to help one another) is the motto of Jainism. Ṇamōkāra mantra is the most common and basic prayer in Jainism. The origins of Jainism are obscure. The Jains claim their religion to be eternal, and consider Rishabhanatha to be the founder in the present time cycle, the first of 24 Jain tirthankaras in Jain belief, and someone who lived for 8,400,000 purva years. -
Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL EDITED BY Jhe JTonorary Secretaires. ❖ JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1879. CALCUTTA: PRINTED BY G. H. ROUSE, BAPTIST MISSION PRESS, AND PUBLISHED BY TIIE ASIATIC SOCIETY, 57, PARK STREET. 187.9. QQT 4 1886 CONTENTS. Page 1-16 Proceedings for January 1879, .•. Do. for February, including Annual Deport, . 17-72 73-116 Do. for March, 1879, . 117-150 Do. for April, » . 151-170 Do. for May, ,, . 171-184 Do. for June, „ .* 185-198 Do. for July, „ ...*. 199-242 Do. for August, „ . 243-272 Do. for November, „ . 273-292 Do. for December, „ .... 293-303 Index, ...... • • • •. List of Members of the Asiatic Society of Bengal on the 31st December, 1878, Appendix to February Proceedings. Abstract Statement of Receipts and Disbursements of the Asiatic Society of Bengal for the year 1878, Appendix to February xvii Proceedings,....... LIST OF PLATES. V\. Plates of characters and Monograms on Coins from the Alim Posh Tope, (p. 123). 1" II, III. Coins from the Ahin Posh Tope, (p. 122). y jy Coins of Khusrau Shah and Kharran Malik, (p. 178). V'V. Sculptured Group from Kanauj, (p. 189). WI. Inscriptions from Sandwe, (p. 201). *. VII. Conjectural Sketch of the Country to the South of the lower portion of the Great Sanpo River, (p. 203). V^ym, XX, X. Ahin Posh Stupa, (p. 205). ^ xi. Plan of Encampment used at the Installation of the Dalai Lama, (p. 275). ERRATA. Plate VI should be Plate V 99 VII 99 99 VI 99 VIII 99 99 VII 99 IX 99 99 VIII 99 X 99 99 IX 99 XI 99 99 X 99 XII 99 99 XI OCT 4 1883 ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL. -
Lovers-In-Hindu-Mythology.Pdf
Newsletter Archives www.dollsofindia.com The Tale of 3 Couples Who Verily Influenced Hindu Culture Copyright © 2020, DollsofIndia Indian mythology abounds with several thousands of interesting tales and parables of kings, legendary warriors and extraordinary human beings whose mission was to make their own life an example for others to follow; thereby showing the way ahead to ordinary mortals like us. The main protagonists in these tales went far beyond the limits of human endurance, reaching out to touch others' lives in a way none can imagine, thus changing the entire world for the better. In this month's post, we bring you the stories of three such couples, who find prominent mention in several Hindu scriptures. They are Damayanti and Nala; Devyani and Kacha; and Savitri and Satyavan. Each of these couples was different from the other and came to this Earth with a unique purpose. Interestingly, the common thread that runs through all these stories is that the nayikas (heroines) in all of them are the central characters. They are great legends, who serve as catalysts, driving the very direction of each of these tales. Apart from the message each story brings, these strong, determined women are an inspiration in themselves. They are the torchbearers for every subsequent generation of women, teaching them by example, how they can retain their softness and femininity, while also being spirited, fearless and all-conquering. Let us now examine the lives and times of these three couples and find out what it was that was so special about them. Damayanti and Nala Nala, the son of Veerasena, was the ruler of the Nishadha Kingdom.