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Continue Part of the proculture series History Singapore Holidays Symbols Women's Themes Architecture Art Cinema Kitchen Festivals Hawker Center Literature Media Music National Service Politics Religion Sport Sings TV Studies Bibliography Symbols Anthem Flag Flower Symbol Oath of Allegiance Singapore Portal Warning sign in four official , which is located in all massive fast transit (MRT) life stations in Singapore Culture Dance Demography Politics Religion Sports Transport Conscription vte According to the Constitution of Singapore , singapore's national is Malay, which plays a symbolic role because Malays are constitutionally recognized as indigenous peoples of Singapore, and it is the government's duty to protect its language and heritage. The should be Malay and should be in the Roman scenario [...] (Constitution of the Republic of Singapore, PART XIII) In addition, according to the constitution, the four widely used languages of Singapore are English, Chinese, Malay and Tamil, with in English. Three languages, in addition to English, were chosen to match the main ethnic groups present in Singapore at the time: Mandarin has been granted status since the introduction of Sino-secondary schools; Malay was considered the most obvious choice for the Malay community; and Tamil for the largest Indian ethnic group in Singapore, in addition to having language with the longest history of education in and Singapore. In 2009, more than 20 languages were identified in Singapore, reflecting the rich linguistic diversity in the city. [2] Singapore's historical roots as a trading settlement gave rise to an influx of foreign traders,[4] and their languages were slowly embedded in the modern Singapore language repertoire. In the early years of lingua franca island was a malay bazaar (Melayu Pasar), creole of Malay and Chinese, the language of trade in the Malay archipelago. [5] Although it continues to be used among many on the island, especially Singaporean Malays, Malay has now been moved in English. English became a lingua franca due to the British rule of Singapore,[4] and was made the main language for Singapore's independence. Thus, English is an environment of learning in schools and is also the primary language used in formal settings, such as in government departments and courts. As Singapore's President Halima Jacob said during his speech in 2018: Through the education system, we have adopted a common working language in English. [6] (Min Nan) briefly emerged as a lingua franca among the Chinese,[4] but by the end of the 20th century they were obscured by Mandarin. V.O. promotes Mandarin among Singaporean Chinese people as it views the language as a bridge between Singapore's diverse non-Sarin language groups, and as a tool to create a common Chinese cultural identity. [7] China's economic growth in the 21st century also encouraged greater use of Mandarin. Other Chinese varieties such as Hokkien, Teochew, Hakka, and have been classified by the government as dialects, and language policy and language attitudes based on this classification and disbelief use in non-mundarian Chinese or Chinese dialects in official settings and television media have led to a decrease in the number of carriers of these varieties. [8] In particular, Singapore has its own Mandarin sect; Singaporean mandarin, itself with two varieties, is standard and colloquial or conversational. While Tamil is one of Singapore's official languages, other Indian languages are also commonly used. Almost all are bilingual as Singapore's bilingual language education policy advances a bilingual learning system. Learning a has been compulsory in primary schools since 1960 and secondary schools since 1966. [10] English is used as the primary means of learning. On top of this, most children learn one in three official languages (or, sometimes, another approved language) as a second language, according to their official registered ethnic group. From January 1, 2011, if a person has more than one ethnicity and their race is registered in a hyphenated format, the chosen race will be one that precedes the hyphenates in their registered race. [11] English as singapore's primary language Main : Singapore English All directed signs in Singapore are written in English. Although de jure Malay is a national language, Singaporean English is considered the primary language in Singapore,[12] and is officially the primary language of learning in all school subjects except for native language lessons in Singapore's education system. [13] It is also a common language of administration, and is promoted as an important language for international business. Spelling in Singapore largely follows british conventions because of the country's status as a former crown colony. [15] English is a typical lingua franca of the country, despite the fact that four languages have official status. [16] Under the British colonial government, English received prestige as a language of administration, law and business in Singapore. As public administration increased, infrastructure and commerce evolved, and access to education further tortured the spread of English among Singaporeans. When Singapore gained self-government in 1959 and independence in 1965, local government decided to keep English as the primary language to maximize economic benefits. As English grew for commerce, technology and science, facilitating its use in Singapore will diminish singapore's development and integration into the global economy. In addition, switching to English as a single learning environment in schools has helped replenish social distance between different groups of ethnic language speakers in the country. From the early 1960s to the late 1970s, the number of pupils registering mainly for English-secondary schools jumped from 50% to 90%[18] as more parents chose to send their children to English-secondary schools. Attendance at Mandarin, Malay and Tamil secondary schools, as a result, declined and schools began to close. Sino-secondary Nagnan University has also made the switch to English as a means of learning, despite resistance from the meeting, especially from the Chinese community. [19] Over the years, there has been a rapid increase in the use of English. [20] Singapore is currently one of asia's most learned English-speaking countries. [21] In December 2009, Ng Yong Hen noted the growing number of Singaporeans using English as their native language. Of the children enrolled in primary school in 2009, 60% of Chinese and Indian pupils and 35% of Malay pupils spoke mostly English at home. [22] is the native language of 32% of Singaporeans, but has the highest number of speakers if the statistics will count Native English speakers as a second language. [23] Language Most Commonly Spoken at Home (%)[24] Language 1990 2000 2010 2015[25] English 18.8 23.0 32.3 36.9 Mandarin 23.7 35.0 35.6 34.9 Chinese Dials 23.81 4.3 12.2 Malay 14.3 14.1 12.2 10.7 Tamil 2.9 3.2 3.3 3.3 Other 0.9 2.3 2.0 Singlish Main article: Singlish Singlish - English Creole with its own consistent rules and backgrounds, [26] However, the use of this language is not recommended by the local government. , which stands for standard English. [27] The Media Development Office does not support Singlish's use of television and radio advertising. Despite this, Singlish is still widely spoken across the island and is seen by most Singaporeans as a trait that identifies them as uniquely Singaporean. [29] See also: Singaporean Mandarin, Standard Singaporean Mandarin, Singdarin, Singapore's Hokkien and Hokkien Influence on Singaporean Mandarin The Teochew Building has an outstanding association of Theochev clans in Singapore, Ngee Ann Kongsi According to the Census, Mandarin and other Varieties of Chinese are the most common languages spoken at home. They use 51% of the population. The table below shows a change in the distribution of Mandarin and other Chinese varieties, as well as English as the home languages of the resident Chinese population of Singapore in the 1990, 2000 and 2010s. the population that speaks English and Mandarin has increased, while the percentage of those who speak other Chinese varieties has collapsed and is now confined to mostly older people. More recently, English is beginning to displace Mandarin among a new generation of Singaporean Chinese because of the long-term effects of dominating the use of English in most official settings over Mandarin, the dominant use of English as a learning environment in Singapore schools, colleges and universities, and limited and lower standards of the local 's education system for years in Singapore. The language most commonly spoken at home among china's population aged 5 and over[9][30] Home Language 1990 2000 2010 1990 (%) 2000 (%) 2010 (%) 2015 (%) Total 1,884,000 2,236,100 2,527,562,100.0 100.0 100.0 in English 363,400 in 533,900 824,616 19.3 23.9 32.6 37.4 Mandarin 566,200 1,008,500 1,206,556 30.1 45.1 47.7 46.1 Other Chinese varieties 948,100 685,800 485,765 50.3 30,7 19.2 16.1 Other 6,400 7,900 10,625 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 Standard Mandarin Standard Mandarin tend to speak like a lingua franca among the Chinese community in Singapore. [31] Simply known as Chinese, it is a designated native language or ethnic language of Chinese Singaporeans, at the expense of other Chinese varieties. In 1979, the government heavily promoted Mandarin through its Speak Mandarin campaign. Premier Li Kuan Yu said Mandarin was chosen to unite the Chinese community in the only language. [32] As Mandarin's popularity in Singapore growed at the time,[1] politicians such as Lee theorized that he could overtake English,[33] despite strong evidence to the contrary. [34] Since the 1990s, with perceived increases in trade and trade opportunities with mainland China, the Singaporean government has prosaded Mandarin as a language with high economic advantage and value. [35] Today, Mandarin is generally seen as a way to keep in touch with Chinese culture. [31] However, due to the fact that English is the primary bearer of language learning in Singapore schools, colleges and universities; as well as the limited and lower standards of local and the dominant use of English in most official settings, Chinese Mandarin standards among many young Singaporean Chinese are falling as more young Singaporean Chinese speak and use English more often than Chinese Mandarin. Other Chinese varieties Other Chinese varieties also have a presence in Singapore. Among them, Hokkin (Min Nan) used to be the unofficial language of business until the 1980s. [36] Hokkien is also used as a lingua franc among Chinese Singaporeans, as well as among Malays and Indians to communicate with the Chinese majority. [4] As of 2012, according to demographics, the five main language groups is Hawkin-Taiwanese (South Min; Min Nan) (41.1%), other Min Nan variants (Teochew (21.0%) and Min Nan (21.0%). and Hainan (6.7%)) of Cantonese (15.4%) and Haqka (7.9%) However, at this time two of the most common Chinese varieties are spoken today among the older generation, some from middle age and few of the younger generation of Hockin-Taiwan (South Min; Min Nan) being the dominant dialect and Cantonese, being the second. Teochew, replaced by Hawkin-Taiwan (South Min; Min Nan), while other Chinese varieties are increasingly less commonly heard nowadays. [30] [35] [37] Written chinese Main article: Singaporean Chinese characters Traditional Chinese characters were used in Singapore until 1969, when the Ministry of Education publicized the Simplified Symbols Table (Simplified Chinese: 简体字表; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字表; pinyin: jiăntǐzìbiǎo), which at the time is similar to the Chinese scheme of simplification of symbols of the PRC had 40 differences. A new table was published in 1974, and this second table was revised in 1976 to remove all differences between simplified Chinese ies in Singapore and China. While simplified characters are currently used in official documents, the government does not prohibit the use of traditional symbols. Thus, traditional symbols are still used in signs, advertisements and Chinese calligraphy, while books in both character sets are available in Singapore. Malay Malay is the national language of Singapore and one of its official languages. It is written in a Roman script known as Rumi. [39] This is the home language of 13% of singapore's population. Malay is also a ceremonial national language and is used in Singapore's national anthem,[41] in quotes for Singaporean orders and scenery and military foot drilling teams, mottos of several organizations, and is a diversity taught in Singapore's language education system. [required citation] Historically Malay was written in a Java script based on . Under british and Dutch Malay began to write in Ruma. Efforts to create standardized spelling for Malay and Singapore emerged in 1904 by colonial officer Richard Wilkinson. In 1910, the Malay island of Riau was chosen by the Dutchman van Ophuizen as a dialect for his book Malay , intended for Dutch officials, standardizing Rumi's use of dutch territories. [42] In 1933, the grammar Zainal Abidine bin Ahmad made further changes to the Ruma, as used in Malaya and Singapore. [43] Many Chinese immigrants who spoke Malay were supporters of British rule, and intentionally used Rumi when writing newspapers or translating Chinese literature. Printing machines are used by colonial officials and Christian further spread to Rumi, while Java was mostly handwritten. The transition to Rumi changed the because of the influence of English grammar. In 1972, Malaysia and Indonesia reached an agreement to standardize the rum of Malay spelling. Singaporean Malays are still studying some Jovi as children alongside Rumi,[44] and Jovi is considered an ethnic scenario to use on Singapore identity cards. Before independence Singapore was the center of Malay literature and Malay culture. However, after independence, this cultural role was dep despised. Singapore is an observer of the language board for Brunei Darussalam-Indonesia-Malaysia, which works to standardize Malay spelling, however it does not apply to be a member. Nonetheless, it applies the standardization agreed upon in this forum and adhering to the Malaysian standard when there is disagreement. Other varieties still talking about in Singapore include Bazaar Malay (Melayu Pasar), a Malay-lexified pidgin that was once an interethnic lingua franca when Singapore was under British rule. [5] [47] The other is Baba Malay, a diverse Malay Creole influenced by Ghokkin and the Malay and Native Language of the Peranakans,[5] spoken today by approximately 10,000 Peranakans in Singapore. [48] Other , such as Yawanska, Buginez, Minangkabau, , Sundanese, Boane (which is the Dialect of Madures) and Banjarese, are also spoken in Singapore, but their use has decreased. Orang Seletar, the language of Orang Seletar, singapore's first people and closely related to Malay also speak near the Strait, between Singapore and Johor State, Malaysia. Basic article: Indian Languages in Singapore Tamil is one of singapore's official languages and written by Tamila uses a . According to the 2010 census, 9.2% of singaporean population were of Indian descent,[49] with about 76.7% who spoke Tamil most often as their native language. [9] This is a drop from 2000, where Tamil-speaking homes were up 82.9%. On the other hand, the percentage of speaking languages classed as other increased from 9.7% in 2005 to 13.8% in 2010. Meanwhile, the percentage of the total population speaking Tamil at home has remained steady, or even increased slightly over the years, to just above 4%, due to immigration from and . There are several reasons that contribute to the decline in tamil use. Historically, Tamil immigrants have come from different communities, such as Sri Lankan and Indian Tamils, who have spoken very different dialects, dividing a potential community of Tamil speakers. Singapore's housing policy with ethnic quotas that reflect national demography has hindered the formation of large Tamil communities. Tamil, which is taught in education, is a pure form that does not reflect and therefore does not strengthen Tamil, as it is used in everyday life. Tamil is usually replaced in English, which is seen as giving children greater opportunities in Singapore and abroad. [50] The purism of tamil language dictated by the Ministry of Curriculum Planning and Development limits language development, disapproval of borrowings. However, the language policy is supported by Tamil, probably because of the contrast with neighboring Malaysia, where Tamil has no status. In addition to Tamil, some other Indian languages spoken by minorities in Singapore include , , Telugu, Punjabi, Sindh, and Gujarati. [1] Eurasian languages See It evolved when Portuguese colonialists included borrowing from malay, Chinese, Indian and Arabic. When the British took over Singapore, Kristang refused because the Portuguese Eurasian instead learned English. Today, the elderly talk about it in many ways. [52] Other Malay-Polynesian languages In the 1824 Census of Singapore, 18% of the population were identified as ethnic Boogie, who speak Bugian, enrolled separately from malays. For centuries, the Bugis community has dwinded and learned in the Malay demographic. In 1990, only 0.4% of Singaporeans were identified as Bugis. Today, the malay term is used in Singapore as an umbrella term for all peoples of the Malay archipelago. Bilingualism and Most Singaporeans are bilingual in English and one of the other three official languages. For example, most Chinese Singaporeans can speak English and Mandarin. Some, especially older generations, may speak Malay and additional Chinese varieties such as Hawkin, Teochev, Cantonese, Haqka and Hainan. Bilingual education policy See Primary and secondary school students also learn a second language called Mother Tongue by the Ministry of Education, where they are either taught Mandarin, Malay or Tamil. [53] English is the primary language of teaching for most subjects,[1] while the mother tongue is used in native language lessons and moral education lessons. This is due to the fact that Singapore's policy of bilingualism of teaching and learning English and mother tongue in primary and secondary schools is seen as a cultural ballast to protect Asian cultural identities and values against Western influence. [54] Although Mother Tongue usually refers to the (L1) elsewhere, it is used to refer to ethnic language or second language (L2) in Singapore. Until January 1, 2011 Education (MOE) in Singapore identified Mother Tongue not as a home language or the first language acquired by a student, but their father's ethnicity. For example, a child born to a Tamil-speaking Indian father and a Chinese mother who speaks Hawkin will automatically be assigned to adopt Tamil as their native language. From January 1, 2011, the mother tongue is determined exclusively by the official registered race of a person. If a person has more than one ethnicity and their race is registered in a hyphenated format, the chosen race will be one that precedes the hyphan in their registered race. On November 28, 2011, the Lee Kuan Tisa Bilingual Foundation was established. The Foundation aims to promote bilingualism among young children in Singapore, created to complement existing English and native language programs in language learning and learning. It is run by a board chaired by Singapore's Education Minister Mr Heng Sue Keith and advised by the International Advisory Panel of Experts. Influence bilingual education policy The influence of bilingual politics differs between students from different ethnicities. For the Chinese, when the policy was first implemented, many students found themselves fighting two foreign languages: English and Mandarin. [4] Despite the fact that several different Chinese varieties spoke widely at home, they were excluded from the classroom because it felt like they would be an obstacle to learning Chinese. [13] Today, although Mandarin is widespread, proficiency in the second language has declined. [4] In response to these fall standards, several changes were made to the education system. These include the introduction of the curriculum of the native language B and the now incapacitated flow of EM3, in both of which the native language is taught at the level below the basic standard. In the case of Mandarin, Chinese students will study chinese B. The Malay-speaking community also faced similar problems after implementing the policy. In Singapore, Malay, rather than its precarious dialects, is valued as meant to convey family and religious values. For example, Madrasas or religious schools, mosques and religious classes use the Malay language. [58] However, Malay in turn faces competition from the growing popularity of the . Unlike language policy for Mandarin and Malay, Indian students are given a wider range of Indian languages to choose from. For example, Indian students who speak learn Tamil as their native language. [1] However, schools with low numbers of tamil students may not provide Tamil language classes. As a result, students of such schools will attend Tamil language classes at the Umar Pulawarra Tamil Language Center (UPTLC). [59] On the other hand, Indian students who speak undravided languages can choose Hindi, Bengali, Punjabi, Gujarati and . [1] However, as in Tamil, only a few schools offer these non-Dravidian languages. Thus, students will attend their respective language classes at designated language centers held by the South Asian Language Teaching and Testing Council (BTTSAL). In 2007, with a proposal to improve the language experience of students, the Ministry of Education strongly encouraged schools to offer spoken Malay and Chinese to those who do not accept any of these languages as their native language. [61] By providing schools with the resources they need to implement the program, the Ministry of Education managed to significantly increase the number of participating schools. More importantly, the program was also well received by students. [62] Challenges in teaching their native language Teaching their native language (especially Mandarin) in schools have run into problems because more Singaporeans speak and use English at home. Declining standards and Mandarin command among younger generations of Chinese Singaporeans continue to excite older generations of Chinese Singaporeans as they see it as an erosion of Chinese culture and heritage. [4] This concern led to the government establishing the Singapore Center for Chinese Language (SCCL) in November 2009. [63] ScCL's stated goal is to improve the effectiveness of mandarin teaching as a second language in a bilingual environment, and to meet the educational needs of students from non-Mandarin speaking houses. Despite the government's efforts to promote Mandarin through the Speak Mandarin campaign, the spread of Mandarin and Chinese culture among Chinese Singaporeans continues to be a challenge as Mandarin faces stiff competition from a strong English language presence. However, this situation is limited not only to Mandarin, but also to Malay and Tamil, where growing statistics show that English is gradually taking over as the home language of Singaporeans. [1] [9] The foreign population in Singapore With the influx of foreigners, the population of non-English-speaking foreigners in Singapore offers new challenges to the concept of language proficiency in the country. Foreigners in Singapore make up 36% of the population, and they dominate 50% of Singapore's services sectors. Thus, it is not uncommon to encounter service personnel who do not speak English, especially those who do not use English regularly. In response to this situation, The Straits Times reported that from July 2010, foreigners working in the service sectors will have to pass an English language test before they get a work permit. [67] Sociolinguistic Questions This section requires additional citations to be checked. Please help improve this article by adding quotes to trusted sources. Unloaded material may be and deleted. 2014-07-07. (Learn how and when to delete this template message) The language of politics plays an important role in Singapore politics. Even to this day, it is important for politicians in Singapore to be able to speak Fluent English alongside their own language (including various varieties of Chinese) to reach out to the multi-speaking community in Singapore. This is evident in Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loon's annual speech at a national rally reportedly due to the use of English, Malay and Mandarin. By the 1980s, politicians were habitually broadcasting their speech in Malay, English, Singaporean hokkien, Singaporean Mandarin and other Chinese varieties. For example, during the 1960s, Lee Kuan Yu often studied and used Hokkien in his political or rallies because it was vital for him to secure votes in elections from the Hokkien-based community. Similarly, Lim Ching Siong, who was charismatic in Ghokkin's use, was able to consolidate opposition votes. Faced with competition and difficulties in securing votes from the Chinese-educated, Li Kuan Yu also had to study Mandarin to win votes from the Mandarin-speaking community. Despite the fact that the use of other Chinese varieties among singapore's population has decreased,[9] they continue to be used at election rallies as of the 2011 parliamentary elections. For example, Low Thia Khiang,[69] and Chan Chun Sing[70] were noted for using various Chinese varieties during pre-election rallies. Singlish's status as an identity marker See also: Singlish There has been a continuous debate between the Singaporean population and the government over Singlish's status in local domains. While the government fears that the prevalence of Singlish will affect Singapore's overall image as a world-class financial and business hub,[27] most Singaporeans, on the other hand, have chosen to embrace Singlish as a marker of identity and as a language of solidarity. [71] In an effort to eradicate the use of Singlish, the government began the Speak Good English movement, encouraging people to use standard Singaporean English in all contexts. Despite the success of the campaign, most Singaporeans surveyed still preferred using Singlish to communicate with fellow Singaporeans, and they also believed they had the ability to switch code between Singlish and Standard Singaporean English, depending on the requirements of a particular situation. [71] Most recently, Singlish got into limelight when Air Force pilots of the Republic of Singapore allegedly used language to prevent their American counterparts from being intercepted during a 2014 Red Flag exercise, leading to increased support for Singlish's usefulness among Singaporean nethiseums. [72] Conservation questions See Also: The Mandarin campaign of Chinese varieties (classified by singapore's government as dialects), with the exception of Mandarin, has been in steep decline since Singapore gained independence in 1965. This is partly due to the Speak Mandarin campaign, which was launched in 1979. As part of the campaign, all programs on television and radio using non-standard varieties were stopped. Speeches in Hokkien by the prime minister were suspended to prevent the give of contradictory signals to the people. By the late 1980s, Mandarin had managed to some extent replace these varieties as preferred language for socialising in public places such as restaurants and public transport. The preservation of local varieties in Singapore has been of growing concern in Singapore since the 2000s, especially among the younger generation of Chinese youth. [75] This sudden resurgence of other varieties can mostly be attributed to a sense of disconnect between younger and older generations, as well as a sense of loss of identity from their own linguistic roots for many others. [76] While more work needs to be introduced to revive these varieties, the recent 2014 Singapore Teochew Festival,[77] held in Ngee Ann City, can be seen as a positive sign that more people are becoming increasingly actively involved in resurfacing their linguistic roots. [78] Controversy over the study of Chinese varieties In March 2009, a newspaper article by The Straits Times about the Language and Diversity Symposium organized by the Department of Linguistics and Multilingual Studies of the Nagnana University of Technology was published in Singapore. Dr. Ng Byi Chin, acting head of the department, was quoted in the article as saying: While Singaporeans are still multi-spoken, 40 years ago, we were even more multi-spoken. Young children no longer speak some of these languages. All it takes is one generation for the language to die. [8] The call to rethink the ban on dialects initiated a swift response from the minister's mentor, Mr. Lee Kuan Yu, I thought it was a wake-up call. My then Principal Private Secretary Chi Hong Tat issued a response[80] on my behalf: Using one language more often means less time for other languages. So, the more languages a person learns, the more difficulty of keeping them at a high level of fluency... It would be foolish for any Singaporean agency or NTU to advocate studying dialects that should be at the expense of English and Mandarin. A week later, Mr Lee confirmed the point on the 30th anniversary of the start of the Speak Mandarin campaign. In his speech,[81] he described his personal experiences with loss of speech. To keep the language alive, you have to speak and read it often. The more you use one language, the less you use other languages. Thus, the more languages you learn, the more difficulties of maintaining at a high level of fluency. I studied and used six languages – English, Malay, Latin, Japanese, Mandarin and Hokkien. English is my main language. My Hockin went rusty, my Mandarin improved. I have lost my Japanese and Latin, and can no longer freely give speeches in Malay without preparation. It's called language loss. Renewed interest in studying other Chinese varieties Since 2000, there has been renewed interest in other Chinese varieties among Singaporean Chinese. In 2002, clan associations such as the Heinan Association of Singapore (Kheng Chiu Hwee Kuan) and Teochew Poit Ip Huay Kuan began classes on teaching other Chinese varieties. [83] This was in response to an increased desire among Singaporeans to reconnect with their Chinese heritage and culture through the study of other Chinese varieties. In 2007, a group of 140 elementary school students, Paja Lebara Methodist Girls, studied Hawkin-Taiwanese and Cantonese as an effort to better connect with the elderly. The elderly themselves taught students grades. The program was organized in the hope of bridging the generational gap that was formed through the suppression of these dialects in Singapore. [84] Similarly, third-year students from Dunman High can now take a module called Pop Song Culture. This module allows them to learn about pop culture in different dialect groups through pop songs of the 70s and 80s, performed in different varieties. In addition, students can also take electives to different tastes and food cultures from different dialect groups. Even though singapore's government appears to have relaxed its stance on Chinese varieties in recent years, the fact is that they still do not actively support the widespread use of other Chinese varieties, especially in Singapore's mainstream television media. Recently, singapore's government allowed the broadcast of some local mini-shows of the Chinese dialect in Hokking-Taiwanese and Cantonese dedicated to Singaporean Chinese elderly people who speak Hawkin-Taiwanese or Cantonese but did not understand English or Mandarin Chinese. The purpose of locally produced mini Chinese dialect shows to convey important messages about social services and medical services and care to Singaporean Chinese seniors. However, there is a limited number of Chinese dialect shows that can be broadcast on singapore's mainstream television because of Singapore's government policy. Singapore's The multinational backdrop of Singaporean society can be seen in its linguistic landscape. Although English dominates as singapore's working language, the city does not possess a monolinguistic linguistic landscape. They can be seen from a multitude of signs strewn across the city. The characters are colored and classified according to the relevant functions: for example, which indicate brown landmarks with white words, while road signs and street names are green with white words. Some of the most obvious signs of multi-language in singapore's language landscape include danger/warning signs on construction sites as well as road signs for tourist attractions. By observing the variation of languages used in different contexts, we can get information about the ethnolinguistic viability of the country. Tourist attractions The road signage of the Burmese Buddhist temple and the Memorial Hall sun yat Sen Nanyang. The non-English languages used in the signs appear to depend on the expected visitors to each location (English and Chinese only for the Sun Yat-Sen Nanyang Memorial Hall sign, but the two plus Japanese and Burmese for the Burmese Buddhist temple sign). Most of Singapore's tourist attractions provide information through English in a Roman scenario. In many cases, the entrances of the attraction are written in English (usually without any other accompanying languages), while excellent brown road signs are visible along the streets and expressways that direct tourists come to in four or five languages, with English as the largest and most prominent language on the sign. Some examples of the various ways in which popular tourist attractions in Singapore reflect ethnolinguistic diversity can be seen at tourist attractions such as Lau Pa Sat, where the words Lau Pa Sat on directory boards consist of the Mandarin Chinese word lau for old (⽼;lăo) and from the words Hokkien pa sat for market (巴刹;b shaā), written by a Roman script. The attraction's entrance sign also includes a non-flying English translation below its traditional name (Festival Market). It is also called Telok Ayer Market, whose name makes reference to the place of attraction and has nothing to do with its cultural name. The transformation and expression in the Roman script of Mandarin and Ghokkin in pīnyīn helps non-Mandarin and non-Hokkien speakers with the venunciation of the name of the place, staying in tandem using the English and Roman script in Singapore. Repackaging the original Lau Pa Sat names in the Roman script, and incorporating the emergence of English translation as a secondary name can be seen as a way to enhance the attraction's sense of authenticity and heritage, as it is marketed as a culturally rich area in Singapore, similar to Chinatown and Little India; both of which used to be cultural enclaves of distinctive races. Similarly, in places of cultural significance, signs are printed in language related to culture, such as the Sun Yat-sen Nanyang Memorial Hall, which has a fully Chinese sign without any translations. Some notable exceptions include brown directional road signs for Park written not only in four national languages, but also in Japanese. While there are many variations, this composition is widely applied to most interesting places as well as places of worship, such as the Burmese Buddhist temple, which has features in Burma and some mosques in Singapore that also have their names printed in jawi's script, even if the Malay language was standardized with the Roman alphabet in Singapore. Government offices and public buildings English signage in singapore's parliament Despite the fact that Malay is singapore's national language, government buildings are often indicated by signs in English rather than Malay. which is limited to ceremonial goals. It can also be seen on the entrance sign for most ministries and government buildings, which are expressed only in English, in working language. Most foreign embassies in Singapore can use their own national or working languages as representation of their respective embassies in Singapore, as long as their language can be expressed in the script of any of Singapore's official languages. For example, embassies representing non-English-speaking countries, such as the French Embassy, are allowed to use their own languages because the language can be expressed in a Roman scenario, explaining why the French embassy uses its French name. However, for the case of the Royal Thai Embassy, English was chosen to represent it in Singapore because the Thai script is not recognised as a scenario in any of Singapore's official languages, even if English is less widely used in Thailand than standard Thai ones. Public hospitals from eight general hospitals overseen by Singapore's Ministry of Health, singapore's only general hospital has signage in four official languages. Along Hospital Drive (where Singapore General Hospital is located) and various national medical centers, road catalogues are entirely in English. In the hospital itself, signs of individual blocks, wards, accident and emergency departments, specialized outpatient clinics, the National Heart Center and the National Center have signs written in four official languages. English names are still expressed with the largest font first, followed by Smaller Malay, Chinese and Tamil fonts, which is in accordance with the order provided by Singapore's constitution. Surprisingly, the Health Promotion Council, the National Eye and Dental Centres, which are also in the same region, have only English signs. All other seven public hospitals have their own sign of Accident and Emergency Only in English, with some highlighted in a red background. Posts and Campaigns Advisory Poster in Little India with information about the sale of alcohol Messages and campaigns that have a very specific target audience and purpose are usually printed in the language of designated readers. Alcohol-free signs, for example, are on display along Little India after the small India riots are prominently printed only in Tamil and English as a reflection of racial demography in the region. During the 2003 SARS epidemic, the government relied heavily on the media to highlight the importance of personal hygiene, and to educate the public on sars symptoms, in which singlish rap videos featuring Gurmit as Phoa Chu Kang were used as the main medium. Similarly, in 2014, Generation Package [86] (for older citizens over 65 years of age in 2014, [87] Who were granted Singapore citizenship on or before December 31, 1986), took advantage of Chinese varieties commonly spoken in Singapore, such as Hokkien, Cantonese and Theochev, as well as Singlish, to make the policy more connected,[87] and at the same time raise awareness of the benefits of that this new scheme provides. These allowances of different language varieties are an exception from four official languages. This exception is considered for campaigns that are considered very important, and include older people or those who are not as qualified in English as the target audience. Limitations in current research methodologies Various non-English languages appearing on directional road signs in Singapore While the examples above show how different languages are used on signs in Singapore, there is scant data on the motivations behind these variations, which are seen as exemplifying No Alcohol's advisory sales in Little India, which have demonstrated a rare variation from the use of four major languages which are usually observed on most advisory signs. Similarly, the Department of Health, in response to feedback asking all hospitals to have four languages at their entrances, argued that the use of painterly signage was better at transmitting messages, as opposed to using all four languages. [88] Due to problems in the study methodology[89] and the lack of government statutes explaining these variations, research into the linguistics landscape in Singapore remains a disputed field. Such problems do not include linearity, where a large number of variations observed in Singapore prevent the application of any trends to understand the landscape; as well as the absence of any standard legislation that defines any fixed rules for the use of languages on the characters. Lau Pa Sat controversy signs with mis translation In the 2012 pilot program, SMRT trains began announcing station names in both English and Mandarin Chinese to help Chinese-speaking Chinese cope better with the sudden new stations. [90] However, it is ambiguous reaction of the public. Some people noted that there were elderly citizens who did not speak Mandarin, while others complained of feeling alienated. In response, SMRT claimed that the announcements were recorded only in English and Mandarin because the Malay and Tamil station names sounded a lot like English names. In 2013, a group of Tamil speakers petitioned singapore's Civil Aviation Authority to include Tamil instead of Japanese on all signs at Singapore's Changi Airport. Even though only 5% of Singapore's population speaks Tamil, they argued that because Tamil is one of Singapore's four official languages, it should be used to reflect Singapore's multiracal background. [Citation required] In 2014, there were reports of false translations to road signs of popular tourist attractions such as Lau Pa Sat and Gardens by the Bay, made by singapore's Tourism Board, mostly involving English to Tamil translations. According to The Straits Times, recifications are underway to make sure the translations are now correct. [91] The media and art of Free-To-Air Channels in Singapore is run by , and each channel is broadcast in one of Singapore's four official languages. For example, channel you and Channel 8 are Mandarin-medium channels, Channel 5, Okto and Channel News Asia are English-language channels, Surya is a Malay-mid-channel, and Wasantham is predominantly tamil-mid-channel. However, these channels may also have programs in other languages. For example, in addition to programs in Mandarin, Channel U also broadcasts Korean television programs at specific allotted times. Chinese varieties in local films The use of Chinese varieties other than Mandarin in Singapore media is limited to the Ministry of Information, Communications and Arts (MICA). The rationale provided for resistance to non- varieties was that their presence would hinder the study of English and Mandarin. [92] However, in order to satisfy older Singaporeans who speak only non-standard Chinese varieties, videos, VCDs, DVDs, paid radio subscription services and paid TV channels are exempt from MICA restrictions. Two free channels, Okto and Channel 8, can also show operas and arthouse movies with some unconventional kind of diverse content respectively. The use of Chinese varieties is not controlled tightly in traditional art, such as Chinese opera. As such, they have managed to survive, and even thrive in these areas. In Singapore, various types of Chinese opera include Hawkin, Teochev, Hainan and Cantonese. In the past, this diversity has encouraged translation between varieties for scripted popular stories. Following the implementation of bilingual policy and the Speak Mandarin campaign, tangerine subtitles have been introduced to help audiences Performances. Today, as the use of English increases, some opera troupes not only provide English subtitles, but also English translations of their works. For these Anglo-Chinese operas, subtitles can be provided either in Mandarin, other Chinese varieties, or in both. Thus, Chinese opera will be able to reach out to a wide audience, despite the fact that it is diverse. [94] Like Chinese opera, there are no language restrictions on recordings for film festivals. In recent years, more and more local film producers have included non-standard Chinese varieties in their films. For example, local film 881 revived the popularity of getai after its release. Getai, which is mainly held in Hockien and Teochev, has become more popular with the younger generation since the film's release. On the impact caused by the release of the film 881, Professor Chua Beng Huath, head of the Department of Sociology at the National University of Singapore (NUS), commented in the Straits Times that putting Hawkin on the silver screen gives Hawkin a kind of rebellious effect. It's like bringing back the repressed. [Citation required] Success 881 is also reflected in sales of 881 albums of the film soundtrack, which became the first local soundtrack for the film to hit platinum in Singapore. [95] Other times, singapore film Ga Ga, a fabric seller sings the song Hokkien, and Perth has a Singaporean taxi driver using Hokkien and Cantonese. Local directors commented that non-standard Chinese varieties are vital because there are some expressions that simply cannot be put in Chinese Mandarin, and that different Chinese varieties are an important part of Singapore that adds to the sense of authenticity that locals will enjoy. [94] Indian languages in the media of Indian languages, except Tamil, are managed slightly differently than Chinese varieties. Even though only Tamil has status, there have been no attempts to discourage the use or spread of other Indian languages such as Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Malayalam, Punjabi, Telugu and Urdu. One thing, movies in these languages are shown in some local cinemas, such as Rex and Bombay Talkies Screens. In addition, local Indian TV channel Vasantham has also highlighted specific software timeslots to cater to the diversity of Indian speakers in Singapore. Language-specific societies of Chinese clan associations play a role in supporting non-standard Chinese varieties. In the past, they have provided support to Chinese migrants based on the they originated. Today, they provide a place for people who speak the same diversity to gather and interact. For example, Hokkien Huay Kuan holds classes in performing arts, calligraphy and Chinese hokkien. They also organize the biennial Hokkien Festival, which aims to promote Hokkien's customs and culture. [97] With the following perhaps non- standard Chinese varieties in Singapore will be better equipped to resist erosion. 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