Department of Education Science 5 Modes of Reproduction in Flowering and Non-Flowering Plants Second Quarter - Module 5

Divina Gracia P. Gagala Writer

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Schools Division Office – Muntinlupa City Student Center for Life Skills Bldg., Centennial Ave., Brgy. Tunasan, Muntinlupa City (02) 8805-9935 / (02) 8805-9940

This Supplementary Learning Module (SleM) focuses on the modes of reproduction in flowering and non-flowering plants. It provides you self-learning activities that will further develop your understanding on the lesson.

Most Essential Learning Competencies:

Week 5: Describe the different modes of reproduction in flowering and non- flowering plants such as moss, fern, mongo, and others (S5LT-llg-7)

1. Describe the mode of reproduction of a fern & moss. 2. Describe the mode of reproduction of a mongo & corn kernel 3. Experiment on seed germination (mongo/corn)

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. What do you call the reproduction of plants where the male and female parts of the flowers of the plants are involved? A. asexual C. pollination B. budding D. sexual 2. When is fertilization happens in plants? A. One sperm cell unites with the egg cell from the ovule to form a fertilized egg B. Two sperm cells unite with an egg cell from the ovule to form a fertilized egg C. One sperm cell unites with two egg cells from the ovule to form a fertilized egg D. Two sperm cells unite with an two egg cells from the ovule to form a fertilized egg 3. What type of pollination happens when the pollen grains from the anther are transferred to the stigma of a flower that belongs to the same plant? A. across- pollination C. cross- pollination B. auto- pollination D. self- pollination 4. Which part of the flower become the seed? A. ovum and anther C. ovum and ovule B. ovum and ovary D. ovum and style 5. What happens during cross- pollination? A. The pollen grains transfer from the anther to the stigma of the same plant’s flower. B. The pollen grains transfer from the anther to the stigma of another plant of the different kind

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C. The pollen grains transfer from the anther to the stigma of a flower that belongs to another plant but of the same kind. D. None of the above 6. You observed that the ovary of a wilted flower is becoming bigger. What does this show? A. The ovary is going to drop. B. The ovary is going to break. C. A seed is developing inside the ovary. D. More ovules are being produced in the ovary. 7. Which is TRUE about asexual reproduction? A. Only plants use asexual reproduction. B. All organisms are asexual reproduction. C. There is only one parent involved in asexual reproduction. D. There are at least two parents involved in asexual reproduction. 8. Which is the tiny part of a seed that can grow can grow into a new plant? A. Embryo C. Ovule B. Ovary D. Pistil 9. Which of the following sentences does NOT describe the mongo seed? A. It has two cotyledons. B. It develops true leaves C. It has only one cotyledon. D. Germination begins when they absorb water. 10. Which of the following sentences best describes fern plant? A. Ferns reproduce by the spores. B. Ferns come from different spores. C. Ferns grow flowers and have seeds. D. Ferns grow mostly in sunny places.

Directions: Encircle the letter of the best answer. 1. Which of the following best describes the importance of flowers to plants? A. They become fruits. B. They protect the ovules. C. They make the plants attractive. D. They aid in the plant’s reproduction by enticing outside pollinators. 2. Which of the following parts of the flowers are needed in reproduction? A. petals and sepals C. stamen and pistil B. pistil and petal D. stamen and sepal

3. How do flowering plants like rose and gumamela reproduce? A. asexually C. both sexually and asexually B. sexually D. Nether sexually nor asexually 4. Which of the following sentences does NOT describe the process of sexual reproduction in plants? A. Reproduction is done with the stems, roots, or leaves of the plants.

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B. Fertilization happens and the ovules grow into seeds within the fruit. C. The transfer of the male gametes to the female ovules is called pollination. D. Sexual reproduction in plants involves the production of male and female gametes. 5. Which of the following group of plants are NOT considered as examples of asexual reproduction? A. Ginger, onion, garlic C. Banana, bamboo, turmeric B. Camote, carrot, potatoes D. Avocado, papaya, mango tree

Reproduction in plants varies in Flowering and non-flowering plants. Flowering plants produce flowers and bear seeds to reproduce their kinds. Non- flowering plants do not produce flowers but use seed or tiny structures in some plants that can be used to reproduced called spores. Non-Flowering Plants

Ferns have leaves, roots, and stems but do not have seeds and flowers. Water and food can travel to all parts of these plants. Ferns grow best in warm, shady places where the soil is damp and fertile. Their leaves are popularly known as fronds. On the underside of each frond, dark cases called sori (Figure 2) are found. Sori contains many tiny spores. These are usually blown away by the wind when they mature. When this happens, reproduction occurs. Figure 1 Fern

The developing fern leaves are usually curled at the top and resemble the curved head of a violin. Because of their appearance, these developing leaves are called fiddleheads (Figure 3). As these fiddleheads mature, they uncurl until they reach their maximum size.

Figure 2 Sori Dreamstime.com Figure 3. Fiddleheads

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Mosses are very small, soft, green plants that grow close together like a carpet on the ground, on rocks, or trees. It is popularly known as “lumot” in tagalog. Mosses grow from spores. Just like the ferns, mosses produce spore cases. But these spore cases grow at the top of a moss plant. When the spore cases burst open, some spores fall to the ground. Other spores may be blown by the wind. If the spores fall in a moist, fertile place, new mosses may grow. Flowering Plants Figure 4. Mosses

Most flowering plants reproduce sexually through the process of pollination. It can be possible when a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell. Pollination occurs when pollen grains drop on the stigma, they produce a tubelike structure called pollen tube. The pollen tube extends down the style and into the ovary. When the pollen tube reaches the ovules, sperm cell releases and fertilization takes place. A successful fertilization happens when the ovary swollen and the petals of the flowers wilted and dry, then seeds are produced. The most common type of pollination takes place when the pollen grains in the anther of one flower is transferred to the stigma of another flower in the same plant or of a flower in another plant of the same kind. This is called cross- pollination.

Although it seldom happen, the pollen grains from the anther of a flower can transfer to the stigma of that same flower. This is called self- pollination. Parts of the Seed The hilum shows where the seed is attached to the ovary. The seed coat is the outer covering of the seed. Inside the seed is the embryo or young plant. The cotyledon, serves as the nourishing part of the seed. It provides nutrients needed by a young plant until leaves are developed and able to make their food. Mongo or mung bean is an example of a seed with two cotyledons. Seed with two cotyledons are called dicotyledons or dicot. Figure 5 A corn seed has only one cotyledon. A seed with only one cotelydon is called a monocotyledon or monocot.

Activity 1: Watch Me Baby Materials: 10-15 pieces of mongo seeds, a small container or can, paper tissue, a small amount of water

Procedures: 1. Arrange the paper tissue in an empty can or small container. 2. Arrange the mongo seeds in the container 3. Add a small amount of water.

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4. Observe what happened to the seeds for seven days. Describe the growth of the plant each day. 5. Record your observation in your notebook following the format below. Day Date Observation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Guide Questions: 1. Describe the seeds before soaking them. 2. What have you observed on the seeds after two days? after three days? after four days? 3. Where do the seeds get their food?

Activity 2: Describe Me Grow! Procedures: 1. Study the cycle of fern below. 2. Describe how each stage has developed into another fern. 3. Answer the guide questions below.

Figure 6. The Life Cycle of a Fern

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Guide Questions: 1. What part of the fern helps them to reproduce? 2. What mode of reproduction does it show, sexual or asexual? Why do you say?

Activity 3: Arrange Me

Procedures: 1. Arrange the sequence of the following pictures as to how the seeds are formed by writing numbers 1-6. 2. Answer the guide questions below.

Guide Questions: 1. What kind of pollination took place in the activity? 2. Which number in the activity does the new plant grow? 3. Explain how fertilization takes place in the flower?

Some plants reproduce without seeds. Sexual reproduction happens in spore-bearing plants such as mosses and ferns.  In mosses, the leafy plants produce two branches, male and female. The female branches produce egg cells while the male branches produce egg cells while the male branches produce sperm cells.  When a sperm reaches an egg in the sac, the two cells join into a single cell in a process called fertilization. This is called sexual fertilization.  Mosses undergo both sexual and asexual reproduction. In asexual reproduction, spores are produced and when released and land on damp ground can grow into leafy moss plants.  Ferns, like mosses, are spore-producing plants. Mature ferns produce fertile fronds with spore casing called sori on the underside of their leaves.  When it rains, sperms released from the male organs swim towards the female organs leading to the growing of young fern plants. Sexual reproduction takes place when the sperm cells unite with egg cells in the female organs. The fertilized eggs grow into new leafy fern plants.  Pollination occurs when the pollen grains of one flower reaches and fertilized the stigma of another flower.

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 When it rains, sperms released from the male organs swim towards the female organs leading to the growing of young fern plants. Sexual reproduction takes place when the sperm cells unite with egg cells in the female organs. The fertilized eggs grow into new leafy fern plants.  Pollination occurs when the pollen grains of one flower reaches and fertilized the stigma of another flower.  Cross Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of another flower that belongs to another plant but of the same kind. It is the most common form of pollination.  Self- pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same flower or of a different flower that belongs to the same plant.  Cotyledons are modified leaves.  Dicotyledons or dicots are plants with two cotyledons.  Monocotyledons or monocots are plants with only one cotyledon.

Directions: Match the items in Column B with the description in Column A.

A B

1. Small plants that look like a soft A. Fern green carpet that covers rocks. 2. Many of these plants are used B. Moss as decorations. 3. It is the production of new offspring C. Mongo in plants which can be accomplished by sexual or asexual. 4. It is a seed with one cotyledon. D. Corn 5. It is a seed with two cotyledons. E. Plants reproduction 6. The type of reproduction where the male and female parts of the flowers F. Cross- pollination are involved. 7. It is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of G. Sexual another flower that belongs to another plant but of then same kind. 8. It is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same flower H. ovule or a different flower that belongs to the same plant. 9. It contains the female gametes or sex cells called ovum. I. Self-pollination

10.It is a swollen structure at the end of J. Stigma the style.

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Directions: Encircle the letter of the best answer. 1. Which of the following are the special reproductive cells of ferns and mosses? A. Fiddleheads C. Sori B. Fronds D. Spores 2. Gianna threw some mongo seeds in the yard. After a few days, she saw tiny stems begin to grow in from the seeds. What do you think is happening to the seed? A. The seed started its seeds. B. The seed started to pollinate. C. The seed started to germinate. D. The seed started to reproduce. 3. Which of the following sentences does NOT show how seeds are formed in plants? A. The ovary of the flower becomes large. B. Seeds are not produced through pollination C. Flower starts to lose the color of their petals after fertilization. D. Seeds start to develop in the flower when fertilization takes place. 4. Which of the following best describes mongo and corn seed? A. Mongo and corn seeds are both monocots. B. Mongo and corn are both seed-producing plants. C. Mongo seed is a flowering plant and corn seed is a non-flowering plant D. The corn plant has two cotyledons and the mongo plant has one cotyledon. 5. In the germination of the mongo seed, which of the following is observed on the 4th day? A. Flower started to develop. B. The white root tip began to grow. C. Leaf began to grow from the young stem. D. Dry beans absorbed water and became swell. 6. Which of the following does NOT describe spores? A. They reproduce ferns and mosses. B. They are enclosed in dark cases called Sori. C. They are so tiny that wind may carry them away. D. They usually attached themselves to the plants in moist places.

7. Which of the following sentences is NOT correct? A. Mongo and corn are examples of sexual reproduction. B. Fern and mosses are examples of asexual reproduction. C. Mongo and corn seeds germinate and the roots begin to grow downward when planted.

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D. Spores from ferns are found underside the leaves while the spores from the mosses grow at the top it. 8. How many cotyledons do dicot seeds have? A. one C. three B. four D. two 9. How does fertilization in mosses take place? A. When the spores fall on the ground. B. When the mosses parts are broken. C. When the sperm and egg cell join into a single cell. D. When the pollens from other mosses reaches other plants 10. The following sentences are the characteristics of Monocot and dicot. Which is NOT? A. Monocot and dicot are flowering plants. B. Monocot and dicot are seed-producing plants. C. Monocot and dicot are sexual reproductive plants. D. Monocot and dicot are asexual reproductive plants.

References

Science Beyond Border Textbook, Evelyn T. Sarte, et.al Science Beyond Border Teacher’s Manual, Evelyn T. Sarte,et.al Science and Health Textbook for Grade 4, Carmelita C. Coronel,et. al

The New Science Links Worktext in Science and Technology by Evelyn T. Laresma et. Al

Key to Correction

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H 9. back Looking

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A 2. C 5. B 4.

B 1. C 4. B 3.

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Understanding A 2. D 1.

Check Your Your Check D 1.

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