ILLICIT DISCHARGE DETECTION AND ELIMINATION (IDDE) PLAN

Agawam DPW Christopher J. Golba Michelle C. Chase, P.E. Michael F. Albro, P.E. June 2019

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan i June 2019 Table of Contents

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan

1 Introduction ...... 4 1.1 MS4 Program ...... 4 1.2 Illicit Discharges ...... 4 1.3 Allowable Non-Stormwater Discharges ...... 5 1.4 Receiving Waters and Impairments ...... 6 1.5 IDDE Program Goals, Framework, and Timeline...... 6 1.6 Work Completed to Date ...... 8

2 Authority and Statement of IDDE Responsibilities ...... 10 2.1 Legal Authority ...... 10 2.2 Statement of Responsibilities ...... 10

3 Stormwater System Mapping ...... 14 3.1 Phase I Mapping ...... 14 3.2 Phase II Mapping ...... 15 3.3 Additional Recommended Mapping Elements ...... 15

4 Sanitary Sewer Overflows (SSOs) ...... 16

5 Assessment and Priority Ranking of Outfalls ...... 20 5.1 Outfall Catchment Delineations ...... 20 5.2 Outfall and Interconnection Inventory and Initial Ranking ...... 20

6 Dry Weather Outfall Screening and Sampling ...... 24 6.1 Weather Conditions ...... 24 6.2 Dry Weather Screening/Sampling Procedure ...... 24 6.2.1 General Procedure ...... 24 6.2.2 Field Equipment ...... 25 6.2.3 Physical Indicators of Non-Stormwater Flow...... 26 6.2.4 Sample Collection and Analysis ...... 28 6.3 Interpreting Outfall Sampling Results ...... 31 6.4 Follow-up Ranking of Outfalls and Interconnections ...... 32

7 Catchment Investigations ...... 32 7.1 System Vulnerability Factors ...... 33 7.2 Dry Weather Manhole Inspections ...... 36 7.3 Wet Weather Outfall Sampling ...... 37 7.4 Source Isolation and Confirmation ...... 38 7.4.1 Sandbagging ...... 38 7.4.2 Smoke Testing ...... 38 7.4.3 Dye Testing ...... 39

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan ii June 2019 7.4.4 CCTV/Video Inspection ...... 39 7.4.5 Optical Brightener Monitoring ...... 40 7.4.6 IDDE Canines ...... 40 7.5 Illicit Discharge Removal ...... 40 7.5.1 Confirmatory Outfall Screening ...... 40 7.6 Ongoing Screening ...... 40

8 Training ...... 41

9 Progress Reporting ...... 41

Tables Table 1-1. Impaired Waters ...... 6 Table 1-2. IDDE Program Implementation Timeline ...... 7 Table 4-1. SSO Inventory ...... 17 Table 5-1. Outfall Inventory and Priority Ranking Matrix Template ...... 23 Table 6-1. Field Equipment – Dry Weather Outfall Screening and Sampling ...... 25 Table 6-2. Odors and Potential Illicit Discharge Sources ...... 26 Table 6-3. Colors and Potential Illicit Discharge Sources ...... 27 Table 6-4. Sampling Parameters and Analysis Methods ...... 30 Table 6-5. Required Analytical Methods, Detection Limits, Hold Times and Preservatives ...... 31 Table 6-6. Benchmark Field Measurements for Select Parameters ...... 32 Table 7-1. Outfall Catchment System Vulnerability Factor (SVF) Inventory ...... 35

Figures Figure 1-1. IDDE Investigation Procedure Framework ...... 7

Appendices Appendix A – Legal Authority (IDDE Bylaw or Ordinance) Appendix B – Storm System Mapping Appendix C – Outfall Inventory and Priority Ranking Matrix Appendix D – Employee Training Form

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan iii June 2019 1 Introduction

1.1 MS4 Program

This Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination (IDDE) Plan has been developed by the Town of Agawam to address the requirements of the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s (USEPA’s) 2016 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) General Permit for Stormwater Discharges from Small Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4) in Massachusetts, hereafter referred to as the “2016 Massachusetts MS4 Permit” or “MS4 Permit.”

The 2016 Massachusetts MS4 Permit requires that each permittee, or regulated community, address six Minimum Control Measures. These measures include the following:

1. Public Education and Outreach 2. Public Involvement and Participation 3. Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Program 4. Construction Site Stormwater Runoff Control 5. Stormwater Management in New Development and Redevelopment (Post Construction Stormwater Management); and 6. Good Housekeeping and Pollution Prevention for Permittee Owned Operations.

Under Minimum Control Measure 3, the permittee is required to implement an IDDE program to systematically find and eliminate sources of non-stormwater discharges to its municipal separate storm sewer system and implement procedures to prevent such discharges. The IDDE program must also be recorded in a written (hardcopy or electronic) document. This IDDE Plan has been prepared to address this requirement.

1.2 Illicit Discharges

An “illicit discharge” is any discharge to a drainage system that is not composed entirely of stormwater, with the exception of discharges pursuant to a NPDES permit (other than the NPDES permit for discharges from the MS4) and discharges resulting from fire-fighting activities.

Illicit discharges may take a variety of forms. Illicit discharges may enter the drainage system through direct or indirect connections. Direct connections may be relatively obvious, such as cross- connections of sewer services to the storm drain system. Indirect illicit discharges may be more difficult to detect or address, such as failing septic systems that discharge untreated sewage to a ditch within the MS4, or a sump pump that discharges contaminated water on an intermittent basis.

Some illicit discharges are intentional, such as dumping used oil (or other pollutant) into catch basins, a resident or contractor illegally tapping a new sewer lateral into a storm drain pipe to avoid

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 4 June 2019 the costs of a sewer connection fee and service, and illegal dumping of yard wastes into surface waters.

Some illicit discharges are related to the unsuitability of original infrastructure to the modern regulatory environment. Examples of illicit discharges in this category include connected floor drains in old buildings, as well as sanitary sewer overflows that enter the drainage system. Sump pumps legally connected to the storm drain system may be used inappropriately, such as for the disposal of floor washwater or old household products, in many cases due to a lack of understanding on the part of the homeowner.

Elimination of some discharges may require substantial costs and efforts, such as funding and designing a project to reconnect sanitary sewer laterals. Others, such as improving self-policing of dog waste management, can be accomplished by outreach in conjunction with the minimal additional cost of dog waste bins and the municipal commitment to disposal of collected materials on a regular basis.

Regardless of the intention, when not addressed, illicit discharges can contribute high levels of pollutants, such as heavy metals, toxics, oil, grease, solvents, nutrients, and pathogens to surface waters.

1.3 Allowable Non-Stormwater Discharges

The following categories of non-stormwater discharges are allowed under the MS4 Permit unless the permittee, USEPA or Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP) identifies any category or individual discharge of non-stormwater discharge as a significant contributor of pollutants to the MS4:

 Water line flushing  Air conditioning condensation  Landscape irrigation  Irrigation water, springs  Diverted stream flows  Water from crawl space pumps  Rising groundwater  Footing drains  Uncontaminated groundwater  Lawn watering infiltration (as defined at 40 CFR  Individual resident car washing 35.2005(20))  De-chlorinated swimming pool  Uncontaminated pumped discharges groundwater  Street wash waters  Discharge from potable water  Residential building wash waters sources without detergents  Foundation drains

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 5 June 2019 If these discharges are identified as significant contributors to the MS4, they must be considered an “illicit discharge” and addressed in the IDDE Plan (i.e., control these sources so they are no longer significant contributors of pollutants, and/or eliminate them entirely).

1.4 Receiving Waters and Impairments

Table 1-1 lists the “impaired waters” within the boundaries of the Town of Agawam’s regulated area based on the Final Massachusetts Year 2014 Integrated List of Waters produced by MassDEP every two years. Impaired waters are water bodies that do not meet water quality standards for one or more designated use(s) such as recreation or aquatic habitat.

Table 1-1. Impaired Waters Agawam, Massachusetts Associated Water Body Name Segment ID Category Impairment(s) Approved TMDL Connecticut River MA34-05 Category 5 Escherichia coli, PCB in None Fish Tissue, Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Westfield River MA32-05 Category 5 Aquatic None Macroinvertebrate Bioasessments, Excess Algal Growth, Taste and Odor, Turbidity Category 5 Waters – impaired water bodies that require a TMDL (Total Maximum Daily Load). A TMDL is the maximum amount of a specific pollutant that can be discharged to a body of water while still meeting water quality standards. “Approved TMDLs” are those that have been approved by EPA as of the date of issuance of the 2016 MS4 Permit.

1.5 IDDE Program Goals, Framework, and Timeline

The goals of the IDDE program are to find and eliminate illicit discharges to municipal separate storm sewer system and to prevent illicit discharges from happening in the future. The program consists of the following major components as outlined in the MS4 Permit:

 Legal authority and regulatory mechanism to prohibit illicit discharges and enforce this prohibition  Storm system mapping  Inventory and ranking of outfalls  Dry weather outfall screening  Catchment investigations  Identification/confirmation of illicit sources

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 6 June 2019  Illicit discharge removal  Followup screening  Employee training.

The IDDE investigation procedure framework is shown in Figure 1-1. The required timeline for implementing the IDDE program is shown in Table 1-2.

Figure 1-1. IDDE Investigation Procedure Framework

Table 1-2. IDDE Program Implementation Timeline

Completion Date from Effective Date of Permit IDDE Program Requirement 1 Year 1.5 Years 2 Years 3 Years 7 Years 10 Years Written IDDE Program Plan X SSO Inventory X Written Catchment Investigation X Procedure Phase I Mapping X Phase II Mapping X IDDE Regulatory Mechanism or By- X law (if not already in place) Dry Weather Outfall Screening X Follow-up Ranking of Outfalls and Interconnections X Catchment Investigations – Problem X Outfalls Catchment Investigations – all Problem, High and Low Priority X Outfalls

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 7 June 2019 1.6 Work Completed to Date

The 2003 MS4 Permit required each MS4 community to develop a plan to detect illicit discharges using a combination of storm system mapping, adopting a regulatory mechanism to prohibit illicit discharges and enforce this prohibition, and identifying tools and methods to investigate suspected illicit discharges. Each MS4 community was also required to define how confirmed discharges would be eliminated and how the removal would be documented.

The Town of Agawam has completed the following IDDE program activities consistent with the 2003 MS4 Permit requirements:

Storm and Sanitary Sewer Mapping

The Town of Agawam, in conjunction with the engineering company Tighe & Bond, has completed a comprehensive GIS based map of the existing MS4 and the existing sanitary sewer system. The map shows the locations of all known stormwater and sanitary structures and features including catch basins, manholes, pipes, outflows, detention basins, and road culverts. The map is constantly updated as new construction is completed and new information about existing drainage is discovered in the field.

Through the efforts of the Pioneer Valley Planning Commission, the Town of Agawam has collaborated with several other communities in order to purchase an integrated mapping and data collection system that will help fulfill the requirements of the 2016 Massachusetts MS4 Permit. Even though the infrastructure of the Agawam storm and sanitary sewer systems has been mapped, the collection system will assist the DPW in scheduling the cleaning and repair of drainage structures, prioritizing problem catchments, tracking illicit discharges and recording the results of outfall inspections. The Town and other participating communities received help from the PVPC to research, analyze and identify a suitable collection system via a District Local Technical Assistance Grant.

Non-Stormwater Discharge Ordinance

On May 15, 2006, the Agawam City Council approved a revision to the Town of Agawam Ordinance Chapter 175: Water and Sewers which included regulations prohibiting the discharge of non- stormwater flows into the MS4.

Public Education

The Town of Agawam uses various educational materials to inform municipal employees, businesses and residents regarding illicit discharges and the non-stormwater discharge ordinance including signs, handouts and posters.

Video Inspections

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 8 June 2019 The Town of Agawam uses a pushrod video camera system to inspect sanitary laterals and small diameter pipes (typically 8 inches in diameter or less) for illicit connections to the MS4. For larger diameter pipes, the Town invested in a portable video camera mounted on a remote-controlled tractor. Video inspections are used to determine if there are any illicit connections, if any pipes or outfalls have fallen into disrepair and to assist in mapping of the Town’s drainage system. If it is necessary, the DPW can contract out the use of a professional video camera system as it has done in the past.

Failing Septic Systems

The Agawam Health Department currently keeps records of septic system failures and maintains records on all inspections involving septic systems. All septic system failures since 2003 have been incorporated into the GIS map. This information will help the Town prioritize future sewer proposals and also help residents understand where problematic areas in town are located. Analyzing septic information in GIS will also help to determine which areas of town should be classified as a high risk of illicit discharge.

Catch Basin Marking

The Town of Agawam organizes and supervises volunteer groups to mark catch basins with storm drain markers in order to educate the public about stormwater flow and to help prevent non-point source pollutants such as trash, cigarette butts, pet waste, leaves and grass clippings from entering the MS4. The Town has a goal to identify and mark 200 catch basins per year depending on volunteer participation.

Stormwater Utility Fee

In 2016, the Town of Agawam was awarded a 319 Nonpoint Source Pollution Grant to study the possibility of establishing a new stormwater utility fee for all properties within the Town.

In 2017 & 2018, a local advisory task force comprised of Town employees, business owners, City Council members, Town residents and members of the clergy, was formed to research the major needs, priorities, and costs for Agawam’s MS4 management program and to evaluate the feasibility of establishing a stormwater utility fee to fund future maintenance activities and capital projects.

The task force worked with the consulting firm of Wood Group (formerly Amec Foster Wheeler) to conduct research for a stormwater utility fee. Over the course of 6 meetings, the task force discussed past and current funding available for stormwater maintenance, necessary repairs to the drainage system, known areas of flooding, and options for a billing rate structure for the utility fee. The task force was also involved in public outreach and held additional meetings focused on open discussions with Town leaders, senior citizens, members of the clergy and local business owners.

The Town is currently in the process of working with the City Council to develop a comprehensive plan for the stormwater utility fee, including a rate structure and possible credits for residents and businesses, based on the research and recommendations of the task force. The Town will also create a priority list of stormwater projects to be funded by the utility fee.

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 9 June 2019 2 Authority and Statement of IDDE Responsibilities

2.1 Legal Authority

On May 15, 2006, the Town of Agawam adopted a revision to the Water and Sewers Ordinance to include an Illicit Discharges and Connections Ordinance. A copy of the Illicit Discharges and Connections Ordinance (Section 175-36 of the Water and Sewers Ordinance) is provided in Appendix A. The Illicit Discharges and Connections Ordinance provides the Town of Agawam with adequate legal authority to:

 Prohibit illicit discharges  Investigate suspected illicit discharges  Eliminate illicit discharges, including discharges from properties not owned by or controlled by the MS4 that discharge into the MS4 system  Implement appropriate enforcement procedures and actions.

The Town of Agawam will review its current Illicit Discharges and Connections Ordinance and related land use regulations and policies for consistency with the 2016 MS4 Permit.

2.2 Statement of Responsibilities

The Agawam Department of Public Works (DPW) is the lead municipal department responsible for implementing the IDDE program pursuant to the provisions of the Illicit Discharges and Connections Ordinance. Responsibilities of the DPW include, but are not limited to:

 Coordinates compliance with the Phase II NPDES MS4 Stormwater Permit  Enforces ordinances associated with the NPDES MS4 Stormwater Permit adopted by the Town of Agawam  Review and inspects construction projects for stormwater compliance in accordance with local, state and federal codes  Performs on-site inspections and field investigations to verify that the Illicit Discharges and Connections Ordinance has been met  Documents suspected illicit discharges and providing for appropriate investigation, including but not limited to water quality monitoring, closed-circuit television inspection, smoke testing, and dye testing  Performs any repair, removal or installation of storm or sewer pipes or structures necessary to eliminate an illicit discharge caused by Town-owned utilities  Maintains a current and accurate map of the storm and sanitary sewer systems, updating as necessary  Ensures that staff receives training in illicit discharge detection and elimination procedures  Explains, justifies and defends Department programs, policies and activities; negotiates and resolves sensitive and controversial issues  Provides for effective management and financing of the Town of Agawam’s storm and sanitary sewer systems

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 10 June 2019  Coordinates with other departments, including the Water and Sewer Department and Highway and Grounds Department, for new utility connections

Other agencies or departments with responsibility for aspects of the IDDE program include:

Mayor’s Office  Coordinates with the DPW Superintendent and/or SWMP Team Coordinator to ensure compliance with the Phase II NPDES MS4 Stormwater Permit  Enforces ordinances adopted by the Town of Agawam  Explains, justifies and defends Department programs, policies and activities; negotiates and resolves sensitive and controversial issues  Coordinates with the Inspection Services Department to investigate complaints of possible code violations and initiates appropriate remedial action to ensure compliance  Ensures that staff receives training in illicit discharge detection and elimination procedures  Coordinates with other departments, including the Water and Sewer Department and Highway and Grounds Department, for new utility connections  Review and inspects all construction projects in accordance with local, state and federal codes  Coordinates with the DPW to provide effective management and financing of the Town of Agawam’s storm and sanitary sewer systems  Ensures public health, safety and welfare is secured

Engineering Department  Coordinates with the DPW Superintendent and/or SWMP Team Coordinator to ensure compliance with the Phase II NPDES MS4 Stormwater Permit  Assists in the enforcement of ordinances associated with the NPDES MS4 Stormwater Permit adopted by the Town of Agawam  Maintains a current and accurate map of the storm and sanitary sewer systems, updating as necessary  Review and inspects construction projects for stormwater compliance in accordance with local, state and federal codes  Performs on-site inspections and field investigations to verify that the Illicit Discharges and Connections Ordinance has been met  Responds to complaints, investigates potential storm sewer system failures and takes/recommends appropriate action/remediation  Documents suspected illicit discharges and providing for appropriate investigation, including but not limited to water quality monitoring, closed-circuit television inspection, smoke testing, and dye testing  Coordinates with the DPW Superintendent and/or SWMP Team Coordinator to ensure that staff receives training in illicit discharge detection and elimination procedures  Explains, justifies and defends Department programs, policies and activities; negotiates and resolves sensitive and controversial issues  Coordinates with other departments, including the Water and Sewer Department and Highway and Grounds Department, for new utility connections

Highway and Grounds Department

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 11 June 2019  Coordinates with the DPW Superintendent and/or SWMP Team Coordinator to ensure compliance with the Phase II NPDES MS4 Stormwater Permit  Documents suspected illicit discharges and providing for appropriate investigation, including but not limited to water quality monitoring, closed-circuit television inspection, smoke testing, and dye testing  Assists in the enforcement of ordinances associated with the NPDES MS4 Stormwater Permit adopted by the Town of Agawam  Performs on-site inspections and field investigations to verify that the Illicit Discharges and Connections Ordinance has been met  Performs any repair, removal or installation of storm or sewer pipes or structures necessary to eliminate an illicit discharge caused by Town-owned utilities  Coordinates with the DPW Superintendent and/or SWMP Team Coordinator to ensure that staff receives training in illicit discharge detection and elimination procedures  Explains, justifies and defends Department programs, policies and activities; negotiates and resolves sensitive and controversial issues  Coordinates with other departments, including the Engineering Department and Water and Sewer Department, for new utility connections

Water and Sewer Department  Coordinates with the DPW Superintendent and/or SWMP Team Coordinator to ensure compliance with the Phase II NPDES MS4 Stormwater Permit  Assists in documenting suspected illicit discharges and providing for appropriate investigation, including but not limited to water quality monitoring, closed-circuit television inspection, smoke testing, and dye testing  Maintain an inventory of existing and removed Sanitary Sewer Overflows (SSOs) within the Town  Assists with the enforcement of ordinances associated with the NPDES MS4 Stormwater Permit adopted by the Town of Agawam  Performs on-site inspections and field investigations to verify that the Illicit Discharges and Connections Ordinance has been met  Responds to complaints, investigates potential sanitary sewer system failures and takes/recommends appropriate action/remediation  Performs any repair, removal or installation of sanitary sewer pipes or structures necessary to eliminate an illicit discharge caused by Town-owned utilities  Coordinates with the DPW Superintendent and/or SWMP Team Coordinator to ensure that staff receives training in illicit discharge detection and elimination procedures  Explains, justifies and defends Department programs, policies and activities; negotiates and resolves sensitive and controversial issues  Coordinates with other departments, including the Engineering Department and Highway and Grounds Department, for new utility connections

Building Inspector/Code Enforcement Officer  Enforces ordinances adopted by the Town of Agawam  Review and inspects construction projects in accordance with local, state and federal codes  Explains, justifies and defends Department programs, policies and activities; negotiates and resolves sensitive and controversial issues

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 12 June 2019  Ensures public health, safety and welfare is secured  Performs on-site inspections and field investigations to verify that building codes have been met  Investigates complaints of possible code violations and initiates appropriate remedial action to ensure compliance  Coordinates with the DPW Superintendent and/or SWMP Team Coordinator to ensure that staff receives training in illicit discharge detection and elimination procedures

Plumbing Inspector  Enforces ordinances adopted by the Town of Agawam  Review and inspects private utility installation at all construction projects in accordance with local, state and federal codes  Ensures public health, safety and welfare is secured  Performs on-site inspections and field investigations to verify that plumbing codes have been met  Investigates complaints of possible code violations and initiates appropriate remedial action to ensure compliance  Coordinates with the DPW Superintendent and/or SWMP Team Coordinator to ensure that staff receives training in illicit discharge detection and elimination procedures

Health Department  Enforces ordinances adopted by the Town of Agawam  Ensures public health, safety and welfare is secured  Review and inspects all construction projects for stormwater compliance in accordance with local, state and federal codes  Investigates and reports on all health hazards, complaints and nuisances  Conducts health inspections of public places  Maintains records or database of private septic disposal systems and reviews records on a regular basis  Responds to complaints, investigates potential septic system failures and takes/recommends appropriate action/remediation  Coordinates with the DPW Superintendent and/or SWMP Team Coordinator to ensure that staff receives training in illicit discharge detection and elimination procedures

Conservation Commission  Coordinates with the DPW Superintendent and/or SWMP Team Coordinator to ensure compliance with the Phase II NPDES MS4 Stormwater Permit  Enforces ordinances associated with the NPDES MS4 Stormwater Permit adopted by the Town of Agawam and the Massachusetts Wetlands Protection Act  Review and inspects construction projects for stormwater compliance in accordance with local, state and federal codes  Performs on-site inspections and field investigations to verify that the Illicit Discharges and Connections Ordinance has been met  Responds to complaints, investigates potential wetland code violations and takes/recommends appropriate action/remediation  Documents suspected illicit discharges

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 13 June 2019  Explains, justifies and defends Department programs, policies and activities; negotiates and resolves sensitive and controversial issues

Planning Department  Enforces ordinances adopted by the Town of Agawam  Review and inspects construction projects in accordance with local, state and federal codes  Explains, justifies and defends Department programs, policies and activities; negotiates and resolves sensitive and controversial issues  Performs on-site inspections and field investigations to verify that Planning Board requirements have been met

3 Stormwater System Mapping

The Town of Agawam, in conjunction with the engineering company Tighe & Bond, originally developed mapping of its storm sewer system to meet the requirements of the 2003 MS4 Permit. A current copy of the existing storm system map is available for viewing at the DPW and is included within the Online GIS Map posted on the Town of Agawam website. The 2016 MS4 Permit requires a more detailed storm system map than was required by the 2003 MS4 Permit. The revised mapping is intended to facilitate the identification of key infrastructure, factors influencing proper system operation, and the potential for illicit discharges.

The 2016 MS4 Permit requires the storm system map to be updated in two phases as outlined below. The Agawam Department of Public Works is responsible for updating the stormwater system mapping pursuant to the 2016 MS4 Permit. The Town of Agawam will report on the progress towards completion of the storm system map in each annual report.

3.1 Phase I Mapping

Phase I mapping must be completed within two (2) years of the effective date of the permit (July 1, 2020) and include the following information:

 Outfalls and receiving waters (previously required by the MS4-2003 permit)  Open channel conveyances (swales, ditches, etc.)  Interconnections with other MS4s and other storm sewer systems  Municipally owned stormwater treatment structures  Water bodies identified by name and indication of all use impairments as identified on the most recent EPA approved Massachusetts Integrated List of Waters report  Initial catchment delineations. Topographic contours and drainage system information may be used to produce initial catchment delineations.

The Town of Agawam has incorporated the following information into its stormwater mapping to meet the Phase I requirements:

 Outfalls and receiving waters (last updated June 7, 2017)  Drainage Easements (last updated December 18, 2017)

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 14 June 2019  Water bodies identified by name (last updated October 22, 2004)  Open channel conveyances (last updated October 13, 2004)  Culverts (last updated September 28, 2011)  Interconnections with other MS4s and other storm sewer systems (No known connections)  Town-owned and private detention basins (last updated April 3, 2013)  Initial catchment delineations (last updated June 20, 2019)

3.2 Phase II Mapping

Phase II mapping must be completed within ten (10) years of the effective date of the permit (July 1, 2028) and include the following information:

 Outfall spatial location (latitude and longitude with a minimum accuracy of +/-30 feet)  Pipes  Manholes  Catch basins  Refined catchment delineations. Catchment delineations must be updated to reflect information collected during catchment investigations.  Municipal Sanitary Sewer system (if available)  Municipal combined sewer system (if applicable)

The Town of Agawam has completed the following updates to its stormwater mapping to meet the Phase II requirements:

 Storm sewer pipes (last updated July 3, 2018)  Catch Basins (last updated July 3, 2018)  Drain Manholes (last updated July 19, 2017)  Headwalls, Flared End Structures, Riprap (last updated December 12, 2016)

A copy of the storm system maps which include the required Phase I Mapping and currently available Phase II Mapping information has been included in Appendix B. The Town of Agawam will update its stormwater mapping by July 1, 2028 to include the remaining Phase II information.

3.3 Additional Recommended Mapping Elements

Although not a requirement of the 2016 MS4 Permit, the following elements are recommended for inclusion on the storm system mapping:

 Physical characteristics of storm and sanitary sewer pipes including, but not limited to: material, pipe diameter, invert elevation, year of installation  Physical characteristics of storm and sanitary sewer structures including, but not limited to: rim/grate elevation, invert elevation, year of installation  Locations of privately owned stormwater treatment structures  Locations of failed septic systems

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 15 June 2019  Area where the MS4 has received or could receive flow from septic system discharges  Topography  Orthophotography  Alignments, dates and representation of work completed of past illicit discharge investigations  Locations of suspected confirmed and corrected illicit discharges with dates and flow estimates.

4 Sanitary Sewer Overflows (SSOs)

The 2016 MS4 Permit requires municipalities to prohibit illicit discharges, including sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs), to the separate storm sewer system. SSOs are discharges of untreated sanitary wastewater from a municipal sanitary sewer that can contaminate surface waters, cause serious water quality problems and property damage, and threaten public health. SSOs can be caused by blockages, line breaks, sewer defects that allow stormwater and groundwater to overload the system, power failures, improper sewer design, and vandalism.

The Town of Agawam has completed an inventory of SSOs that have discharged to the MS4 within the five (5) years prior to the effective date of the 2016 MS4 Permit, based on review of available documentation pertaining to SSOs (Table 4-1). The inventory includes all SSOs that occurred during wet or dry weather resulting from inadequate conveyance capacities or where interconnectivity of the storm and sanitary sewer infrastructure allows for transfer of flow between systems.

Upon detection of an SSO, the Town of Agawam will eliminate it as expeditiously as possible and take interim measures to minimize the discharge of pollutants to and from its MS4 until the SSO is eliminated. Upon becoming aware of an SSO to the MS4, the Town of Agawam will provide oral notice to EPA within 24 hours and written notice to EPA and MassDEP within five (5) days of becoming aware of the SSO occurrence.

The inventory in Table 4-1 will be updated by the Agawam Water and Sewer Department when new SSOs are detected. The SSO inventory will be included in the annual report, including the status of mitigation and corrective measures to address each identified SSO.

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 16 June 2019 Table 4-1. SSO Inventory Town of Agawam, Massachusetts Revision Date: June 17, 2019 Mitigation Mitigation SSO Location1 Discharge Statement2 Date3 Time Start3 Time End3 Estimated Volume4 Description5 Completed6 Planned7 A private contractor caused a break in a sewer pipe Town of Agawam Sewage flowed “The Meadows” property off Sewage flowed overland to 3/18/2011 > 10 gallons running to the pumping repaired sewer overland to the Meadow Street the Westfield River. station behind the Hood pipe. Westfield River. building. Pump Station Sewage out of Sewage out of SMH and Restriction at Westfield bypassed, SMH and pooled 22 Federal Street pooled around SMH in 9/12/2011 c. 5,500 gallons River Pump Station caused restrction freed around SMH in depression backup itself and station depression back to normal Portable generator Sewage flowed Sewage flowed overland Power failure and faulty brought to site 982 River Road (River Road PS) 10/29/2011 7:00 PM 10/31/2011 c. 80,100 gallons overland from from SMH to CT River generator and connected SMH to CT River until power could be restored Sewage flow to Sewage flow to brook next to Power failure and faulty Generator 150 Hendom St 10/31/2011 9:00 AM 12:15 PM c. 1,950 gallons brook next to pump station generator repaired pump station Generator Sewage flow to Sewage flow to brook next to Power failure and faulty 28 South Street 11/1/2011 8:20 AM c. 5,400 gallons repaired (fuel brook next to pump station generator filter replaced) pump station New sewer valve Westfield River Interceptor A break was discovered in Sewage into Sewage into Connecticut was installed and Sewer at point where the 5/18/2012 > 10 gallons the sewer line going across Connecticut River broken pipe was sewer crosses the river the Westfield River. River replaced. Line vacuumed Sewage into CB 95 N. Westfield St Sewage into CB in parking lot 12/20/2012 4:00 PM 6:30 PM 25 - 40 gallons Sewer blocked with roots and jetted in parking lot A plug in the cross-country The plug in the Sewage to pond Sewage to pond in Threemile sewer caused a backup of Rear of #223 Garden Street 2/4/2013 2:00 5:00 540 gallons pipe was in Threemile Brook tributary sewage to flow overland to removed. Brook tributary the pond. A blockage in the sewer The blockage was Sewage from Sewage from parking lot to line caused sewage to removed and the 57 Wright Street 2/16/2013 121,960 gallons parking lot to Threemile Brook overflow via a manhole and sewer pipe was Threemile Brook flow into Threemile Brook. degreased. Sewage to CB to 142 Meadow Street Sewage to CB to swamp 3/13/2013 7:15 8:30 375 gallons Pipe blockage Line jetted swamp 104 Horsham Place (xc Sewage to White Sewage to White Brook 4/8/2013 6:00 PM 7:20 PM 800 gallons Pipe blockage Line jetted easement) Brook

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 17 June 2019 Mitigation Mitigation SSO Location1 Discharge Statement2 Date3 Time Start3 Time End3 Estimated Volume4 Description5 Completed6 Planned7 Main St, 200 ft south of Sewage to CB 9/7/2013 8:00 AM 10: 00 AM 250 gallons leaky bypass hose Hose repaired Sewage to CB Meadow Street linge jetted, 56 Poinsetta St Sewage to CB 3/29/2013 12:00 PM 25 gallons Pipe blockage Sewage to CB wipes/rags Line jetted, 66 Cooper St Sewage to CB 11/5/2014 8:05 AM 9:00 AM 50 gallons Pipe blockage Sewage to CB grease/rags Line Jetted, 140 Hendom Dr Sewage to brook 12/17/2014 4:15 PM 300 gallons Pipe blockage Sewage to brook grease Repair Clamp Sewage to 57 Wright Street Sewage to parking lot/cb 3/6/2015 9:15 AM 50 gallons Force Main Break applied to FM parking lot/cb Line jetter, 1178 Suffield St Sewage to CB 3/9/2016 10:45 AM 11:30 AM 300 gallons Pipe blockage Sewage to CB grease/rags 157 Clover Hill Dr Sewage to CB 5/28/2016 10:45 AM Sewage to CB Line hand 1278 Main St (rear, XC Sewage to brook 12/15/2016 8:45 AM 11:00 AM 40,320 gallons Pipe blockage rodded, Sewage to brook easement) grease/rags Jetted Line, rags 94 Raymond Circ Sewage to CB 3/30/2017 8:14 AM 10 gallons Pipe blockage Sewage to CB & gravel 74 Cooper Street Sewage to CB 4/14/2017 11:15 AM 10 gallons Pipe Blockage Line Jetted Sewage to CB L:ine Jetted, Blocked w/ Sewage to CB Sewage to CB (Threemile 87 Perry Lane 11/1/2017 11:00 AM < 100 gallons Pipe Blockage Grease and (Threemile Brook) personal care Brook) products Line Jetted, Blocked w/ wipes 55 Cooper Street Sewage to CB 1/10/2018 7:00 AM 7:45 AM 225 - 400 gallons Pipe Blockage Sewage to CB and personal care products Line Jetted, 74 Moore St Sewage to CB 4/11/2018 8:37 AM 9:10 AM 45 - 90 gallons Pipe Blockage 74 Moore St blocked w/ wipes 25 Valentine St 25 Valentine St (rear xc Sewage to brook 1/7/2019 3:26 PM 4:30 PM 186 - 248 gallons Pipe blockage Line jetted (rear xc easement) easement) Line jetted & degreased, some Pipe over capacity due to Leonard St at Leonard St at River Rd Sewage to CB 1/24/2019 4:00 PM 6:00 PM 240 gallons grease observed rain (I/I) River Rd may have limited flow Removed piece 5/15/2019 1623 Main St Sewage to area drain 5/7/2019 4:00 PM 9,000 gallons Old FM repair leaking of pipe and 1623 Main St 11:00 AM repaired w/ PVC

1 Location (approximate street crossing/address and receiving water, if any) 2 A clear statement of whether the discharge entered a surface water directly or entered the MS4

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 18 June 2019 3 Date(s) and time(s) of each known SSO occurrence (i.e., beginning and end of any known discharge) 4 Estimated volume(s) of the occurrence 5 Description of the occurrence indicating known or suspected cause(s) 6 Mitigation and corrective measures completed with dates implemented 7 Mitigation and corrective measures planned with implementation schedules

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 19 June 2019 5 Assessment and Priority Ranking of Outfalls

The 2016 MS4 Permit requires an assessment and priority ranking of outfalls in terms of their potential to have illicit discharges and SSOs and the related public health significance. The ranking helps determine the priority order for performing IDDE investigations and meeting permit milestones.

5.1 Outfall Catchment Delineations

A catchment is the area that drains to an individual outfall1 or interconnection.2 The catchments for each of the MS4 outfalls will be delineated to define contributing areas for investigation of potential sources of illicit discharges. Catchments are typically delineated based on topographic contours and mapped drainage infrastructure, where available. As mentioned in Section 3, initial catchment delineations will be completed as part of the Phase I mapping, and refined catchment delineations will be completed as part of the Phase II mapping to reflect information collected during catchment investigations

5.2 Outfall and Interconnection Inventory and Initial Ranking

The Department of Public Works will complete an initial outfall and interconnection inventory and priority ranking to assess illicit discharge potential based on existing information. The initial inventory and ranking will be completed within one (1) year from the effective date of the permit. An updated inventory and ranking will be provided in each annual report thereafter. The inventory will be updated annually to include data collected in connection with dry weather screening and other relevant inspections.

The outfall and interconnection inventory will identify each outfall and interconnection discharging from the MS4, record its location and condition, and provide a framework for tracking inspections, screenings and other IDDE program activities.

Outfalls and interconnections will be classified into one of the following categories:

1. Problem Outfalls: Outfalls/interconnections with known or suspected contributions of illicit discharges based on existing information shall be designated as Problem Outfalls. This shall

1 Outfall means a point source as defined by 40 CFR § 122.2 as the point where the municipal separate storm sewer discharges to waters of the United States. An outfall does not include open conveyances connecting two municipal separate storm sewers or pipes, tunnels or other conveyances that connect segments of the same stream or other waters of the United States and that are used to convey waters of the United States. Culverts longer than a simple road crossing shall be included in the inventory unless the permittee can confirm that they are free of any connections and simply convey waters of the United States.

2 Interconnection means the point (excluding sheet flow over impervious surfaces) where the permittee’s MS4 discharges to another MS4 or other storm sewer system, through which the discharge is conveyed to waters of the United States or to another storm sewer system and eventually to a water of the United States.

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan June 2019 include any outfalls/interconnections where previous screening indicates likely sewer input. Likely sewer input indicators are any of the following:

 Olfactory or visual evidence of sewage,  Ammonia ≥ 0.5 mg/L, surfactants ≥ 0.25 mg/L, and bacteria levels greater than the water quality criteria applicable to the receiving water, or  Ammonia ≥ 0.5 mg/L, surfactants ≥ 0.25 mg/L, and detectable levels of chlorine.

Dry weather screening and sampling, as described in Section 6 of this IDDE Plan and Part 2.3.4.7.b of the MS4 Permit, is not required for Problem Outfalls.

2. High Priority Outfalls: Outfalls/interconnections that have not been classified as Problem Outfalls and that are:

 Discharging to an area of concern to public health due to proximity of public beaches, recreational areas, drinking water supplies or shellfish beds  Determined by the permittee as high priority based on the characteristics listed below or other available information.

3. Low Priority Outfalls: Outfalls/interconnections determined by the permittee as low priority based on the characteristics listed below or other available information.

4. Excluded outfalls: Outfalls/interconnections with no potential for illicit discharges may be excluded from the IDDE program. This category is limited to roadway drainage in undeveloped areas with no dwellings and no sanitary sewers; drainage for athletic fields, parks or undeveloped green space and associated parking without services; cross-country drainage alignments (that neither cross nor are in proximity to sanitary sewer alignments) through undeveloped land.

Outfalls will be ranked into the above priority categories (except for excluded outfalls, which may be excluded from the IDDE program) based on the following characteristics of the defined initial catchment areas, where information is available. Additional relevant characteristics, including location-specific characteristics, may be considered but must be documented in this IDDE Plan.

 Previous screening results – Previous screening/sampling results may indicate likely sewer input (see criteria above for Problem Outfalls).

 Past discharge complaints and reports

 Poor receiving water quality – the following guidelines are recommended to identify waters as having a high illicit discharge potential: o Exceeding water quality standards for bacteria o Ammonia levels above 0.5 mg/l o Surfactants levels greater than or equal to 0.25 mg/l

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan June 2019  Density of generating sites – Generating sites are those places, including institutional, municipal, commercial, or industrial sites, with a potential to generate pollutants that could contribute to illicit discharges. Examples of these sites include, but are not limited to: car dealerships, car washes, gas stations, garden centers, and industrial manufacturing areas.

 Age of development and infrastructure – Industrial areas greater than 40 years old and areas where the sanitary sewer system is more than 40 years old will probably have a high illicit discharge potential. Developments 20 years or younger will probably have a low illicit discharge potential.

 Sewer conversion – Contributing catchment areas that were once serviced by septic systems, but have been converted to sewer connections may have a high illicit discharge potential.

 Historic combined sewer systems – Contributing areas that were once serviced by a combined sewer system, but have been separated may have a high illicit discharge potential.

 Surrounding density of aging septic systems – Septic systems thirty years or older in residential land use areas are prone to have failures and may have a high illicit discharge potential.

 Culverted streams – Any river or stream that is culverted for distances greater than a simple roadway crossing may have a high illicit discharge potential.

 Water quality limited waterbodies that receive a discharge from the MS4 or waters with approved TMDLs applicable to the permittee, where illicit discharges have the potential to contain the pollutant identified as the cause of the water quality impairment.

Table 5-1 illustrates the spreadsheet format for the current outfall inventory and priority ranking matrix. The copy of the inventory is included in Appendix C.

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan June 2019 Table 5-1. Outfall Inventory and Priority Ranking Matrix Template Town of Agawam, Massachusetts Revision Date: ##DATE OF LAST UPDATE

Discharging Historic Density of Previous Screening to Area of Frequency of Receiving Density of Age of Combined Aging Septic Culverted Additional Outfall ID Receiving Water Results Indicate Likely Concern to Past Discharge Water Generating Development/ Sewers or Septic? 7 Failures since Streams? 8 Characteristics Sewer Input? 1 Public Complaints Quality 3 Sites 4 Infrastructure 5 Septic? 6 2003? Health? 2 Land Use Priority Impaired Land Use/GIS GIS and Score Outfall inspections and Information, Town Staff, Land Use, Town Staff, Ranking Information Source GIS Maps Town Staff Waters Maps, Aerial Storm System Other sample results Visual GIS Maps Town Staff GIS Maps List Photography Maps Observation Frequent = 3 Poor = 3 High = 3 High = 3 High = 3 Yes = 3 (Problem Outfall) Yes = 3 Yes = 3 Yes = 3 Yes = 3 Scoring Criteria Occasional = 2 Fair = 2 Medium = 2 Medium = 2 Medium = 2 TBD No = 0 No = 0 No = 0 No = 0 No = 0 None = 0 Good = 0 Low = 1 Low = 1 Low = 1 Sample 1 XYZ River 3 0 2 0 2 1 0 0 0 3 None 11 Problem Sample 2 XYZ Lake 0 3 0 3 1 2 0 3 3 3 None 18 High Priority Sample 3 XYZ Stream 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 None 5 Low Priority

Scoring Criteria: 1 Previous screening results indicate likely sewer input if any of the following are true:  Olfactory or visual evidence of sewage,  Ammonia ≥ 0.5 mg/L, surfactants ≥ 0.25 mg/L, and bacteria levels greater than the water quality criteria applicable to the receiving water, or  Ammonia ≥ 0.5 mg/L, surfactants ≥ 0.25 mg/L, and detectable levels of chlorine 2 Outfalls/interconnections that discharge to or in the vicinity of any of the following areas: public beaches, recreational areas, drinking water supplies, or shellfish beds 3 Receiving water quality based on latest version of MassDEP Integrated List of Waters.  Poor = Waters with approved TMDLs (Category 4a Waters) where illicit discharges have the potential to contain the pollutant identified as the cause of the impairment  Fair = Water quality limited waterbodies that receive a discharge from the MS4 (Category 5 Waters)  Good = No water quality impairments 4 Generating sites are institutional, municipal, commercial, or industrial sites with a potential to contribute to illicit discharges (e.g., car dealers, car washes, gas stations, garden centers, industrial manufacturing, etc.) 5 Age of development and infrastructure:  High = Industrial areas greater than 40 years old and areas where the sanitary sewer system is more than 40 years old  Medium = Developments 20-40 years old  Low = Developments less than 20 years old 6 Areas once served by combined sewers and but have been separated, or areas once served by septic systems but have been converted to sanitary sewers. 7 Aging septic systems are septic systems 30 years or older in residential areas. 8 Any river or stream that is culverted for distance greater than a simple roadway crossing.

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 23 June 2019 6 Dry Weather Outfall Screening and Sampling

Dry weather flow is a common indicator of potential illicit connections. The MS4 Permit requires all outfalls/interconnections (excluding Problem and Excluded Outfalls) to be inspected for the presence of dry weather flow. The Department of Public Works is responsible for conducting dry weather outfall screening, starting with High Priority outfalls, followed by Low Priority outfalls, based on the initial priority rankings described in the previous section.

6.1 Weather Conditions

Dry weather outfall screening and sampling may occur when no more than 0.1 inches of rainfall has occurred in the previous 24-hour period and no significant snow melt is occurring. For purposes of determining dry weather conditions, program staff will use precipitation data from the Chicopee Falls/Westover Air Force Base weather station. If said station is not available or not reporting current weather data, then the weather station at the Barnes Municipal Airport in Westfield will be used as a back-up.

6.2 Dry Weather Screening/Sampling Procedure

6.2.1 General Procedure

The dry weather outfall inspection and sampling procedure consists of the following general steps:

1. Identify outfall(s) to be screened/sampled based on initial outfall inventory and priority ranking 2. Acquire the necessary staff, mapping, and field equipment (see Table 6-1 for list of potential field equipment) 3. Conduct the outfall inspection during dry weather: a. Mark and photograph the outfall b. Record the inspection information and outfall characteristics using the Outfall Inspection form c. Look for and record visual/olfactory evidence of pollutants in flowing outfalls including odor, color, turbidity, and floatable matter (suds, bubbles, excrement, toilet paper or sanitary products). Also observe outfalls for deposits and stains, vegetation, and damage to outfall structures. 4. If flow is observed, sample and test the flow following the procedures described in the following sections. 5. If no flow is observed, but evidence of illicit flow exists (illicit discharges are often intermittent or transitory), revisit the outfall during dry weather within one week of the initial observation, if practicable, to perform a second dry weather screening and sample any observed flow. Other techniques can be used to detect intermittent or transitory flows including conducting inspections during evenings or weekends and using optical brighteners.

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 24 June 2019 6. Input results from screening and sampling into spreadsheet/database. Include pertinent information in the outfall/interconnection inventory and priority ranking. 7. Include all screening data in the annual report.

Previous outfall screening/sampling conducted under the 2013 MS4 Permit may be used to satisfy the dry weather outfall/screening requirements of the 2016 MS4 Permit only if the previous screening and sampling was substantially equivalent to that required by the 2016 MS4 Permit, including the list of analytes outlined in Section 2.3.4.7.b.iii.4 of the 2016 permit.

6.2.2 Field Equipment

Table 6-1 lists field equipment commonly used for dry weather outfall screening and sampling.

Table 6-1. Field Equipment – Dry Weather Outfall Screening and Sampling Equipment Use/Notes

Clipboard For organization of field sheets and writing surface Field sheets Field sheets for both dry weather inspection and dry weather sampling should be available with extras Chain of custody forms To ensure proper handling of all samples Pens/pencils/permanent markers For proper labeling Nitrile gloves To protect the sampler as well as the sample from contamination Flashlight/headlamp with For looking in outfalls or manholes, helpful in early mornings as well batteries Cooler with ice For transporting samples to the laboratory Digital camera For documenting field conditions at time of inspection Personal Protective Equipment Reflective vest, Safety glasses and boots at a minimum (PPE) GPS receiver For taking spatial location data Water quality sonde If needed, for sampling conductivity, temperature, pH Water quality meter Hand held meter, if available, for testing for various water quality parameters such as ammonia, surfactants and chlorine Test kits Have extra kits on hand to sample more outfalls than are anticipated to be screened in a single day Label tape For labeling sample containers Sample containers Make sure all sample containers are clean. Keep extra sample containers on hand at all times. Make sure there are proper sample containers for what is being sampled for (i.e., bacteria requires sterile containers). Pry bar or pick For opening catch basins and manholes when necessary Sandbags For damming low flows in order to take samples Small mallet or hammer Helping to free stuck manhole and catch basin covers Utility knife Multiple uses Measuring tape Measuring distances and depth of flow Safety cones Redirecting traffic to protect staff

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 25 June 2019 Equipment Use/Notes

Hand sanitizer Disinfectant/decontaminant Zip ties/duct tape For making field repairs Rubber boots/waders For accessing shallow streams/areas Sampling pole/dipper/sampling For accessing hard to reach outfalls and manholes cage

6.2.3 Physical Indicators of Non-Stormwater Flow

During dry weather field inspections, a variety of physical parameters will be recorded at each site to assess conditions. At flowing outfalls, this includes odor, color, turbidity, and the presence or absence of floatables. These physical indicators do not always reliably predict an illicit discharge. However, they are important in detecting the most severe or obvious discharges.

Odor Since noses have different sensitivities, the entire field crew should reach a consensus about whether an odor is present and how severe it is. Make sure the origin of the odor is the outfall. Sometimes shrubs, trash, carrion, or even the spray paint used to mark the outfall can confuse the noses of field crews.

Fill a sample bottle at least halfway with sample water and hold about six inches away from your nose. Use your free hand to fan the scent to your nose. Never inhale the air directly off the top of a sample or observed flow as many potential contaminants are harmful to nasal membranes and lung tissue.

Table 2-2. Odors and Potential Illicit Discharge Sources

Odor Potential source

Musty Presence of raw or partially treated sewage, livestock waste

Sewage/Septic SSO, cross connection with santiary sewer, failed septic system

Rotten Egg Raw sewage, decomposing organic matter

Gasoline Industrial discharge, illegal dumping of wastes, waste water

Detergent Washwater

Dead fish due to a lack of oxygen, excessive nutrients or organic Fish matter, sewage discharge

Color Collect a sample of the discharge in a clear test tube or sampling bottle and hold it up to the light. Do not try to assess water color by looking directly into the waterway. Water depth, substrate composition, aquatic plants and sky conditions can all influence your perception of the water color.

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 26 June 2019 Field crews should also look for downstream plumes of color that appear to be associated with the outfall.

Table 3-3. Colors and Potential Illicit Discharge Sources

Color Potential source Tan to light brown Suspended solids common after rainfall, construction runoff, soil erosion caused by vegetation removal

Pea green, bright green, yellow, brown, brown- Algae or plankton bloom – color depends on green, brown-yellow, blue-green type of algae or plankton, sewage, fertilizer runoff, vehicle wash water Tea/coffee Dissolved or decaying organic matter from soil or leaves. Commonly associated with tree overhangs, woodlands or swampy areas Milky white Paint, lime, milk, grease, concrete, swimming pool filter backwash Milky or dirty dishwater gray Gray water or wastewater, musty odor present Milky gray-black Raw sewage discharge or other oxygen- demanding waste (rotten egg or hydrogen sulfide odor may be present) Clear black Caused from turnover of oxygen-depleted water or sulfuric acid spill Dark red, purple, blue, black Fabric dyes, inks from paper and cardboard manufacturers Orange-red Leachate from iron deposits, deposits on stream beds often associated with oil well operations (check for petroleum odor) White crusty deposits Common in dry/arid areas or during periods of low rainfall where evaporation of water leaves behind salt deposits, also found in association with brine water discharge from oil production areas (a petroleum odor or an oily sheen may be present along banks)

Turbidity Collect a sample of the discharge in a clear test tube or sampling bottle and use a Secchi tube, turbidity meter or turbidity comparator.

Turbidity can be caused by soil erosion, runoff from construction sites or areas without vegetation, algae blooms or disturbances of the stream bottom. Field crews should look for turbidity in the outfall discharge and the plunge pool below the outfall. Any downstream turbidity plumes that appear to be related to the outfall should be noted.

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 27 June 2019 Field crews can sometimes confuse turbidity with color, which are related but are not the same. Turbidity is a measure of how easily light can penetrate through the sample bottle. Color is defined by the tint or intensity of the observed color.

Floatables Sewage, oil sheen and suds are all examples of floatables. The presence of trash and debris should be noted, but are typically not indicators of an illicit discharge.

 Sewage: The observation of sewage at an outfall location indicates that there is a severe problem with the MS4 and should be looked at as to where the source for the sewage is emanating from.  Oil sheen: Sheens can be naturally-produced by bacteria or synthetic due to a discharge of petroleum. The source of a sheen can be determined by disturbing it, such as with a pole or stick. A sheen caused by oil or petroleum will remain intact and move in a swirl pattern and often has a rainbow tint. A sheen caused by bacteria will crack when disturbed and are usually silver or relatively dull in color.  Suds: Like sheens, suds can occur naturally. Some suds are formed by the movement of water within a stream and break apart quickly. Foam can also be found naturally in waters with high organic content such as bog lakes, streams that originate from bog lakes, productive lakes, wetlands or woody areas. If the suds are accompanied by a strong organic or sewage odor, it may indicate a sanitary sewer leak or illicit connection. If the suds have a fragrant odor, it may indicate the presence of laundry or similar wash waters.

Even if no flow is present at an outfall, there may still be an intermittent or transitory illicit discharge. Physical indicators of illicit discharges in outfalls without flow include: outfall damage, deposits or stains on the pipe, headwall or nearby stones, abnormal or excessive vegetation, poor water quality in the plunge pool or benthic growth within the outfall pipe.

6.2.4 Sample Collection and Analysis

If flow is present during a dry weather outfall inspection, a sample will be collected and analyzed for the required permit parameters3 listed in Table 6-4. A single grab sample of the flow shall be taken if the water quality of the discharge is expected to be homogeneous, or unchanging, in nature. A flow-weighted composite sample – consisting of a series of grab samples over a known period of time – can be used if the water quality of the discharge is expected to be heterogeneous, or fluctuating, in nature. Grab samples are more common for dry weather outfall inspections due to the time-sensitive nature of the process.

The following protocols shall be followed when collecting samples:

1. Do not eat, drink or smoke during sample collection and processing. 2. Do not collect or process samples near a running vehicle.

3 Other potentially useful parameters, although not required by the MS4 Permit, include fluoride (indicator of potable water sources in areas where water supplies are fluoridated), potassium (high levels may indicate the presence of sanitary wastewater), and optical brighteners (indicative of laundry detergents).

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 28 June 2019 3. Do not park vehicles in the immediate sample collection area, including both running and non-running vehicles. 4. Fill out all sample information on sample bottles and field sheets 5. Always wear clean, powder-free nitrile gloves when handling sample containers and lids. 6. Collect samples using a dipper or directly in sample containers. If using a dipper or other device, triple rinse the device with distilled water and then in water to be sampled (not for bacteria sampling). Collect samples while facing upstream and so as not to disturb water or sediments in the outfall pipe or ditch. Slowly lower the bottle into the water to avoid bottom disturbance and stirring up sediment. 7. Never touch the inside surface of a sample container or lid, even with gloved hands. 8. Never allow the inner surface of a sample container or lid to be contacted by any material other than the sample water. 9. Do not overfill sample containers and do not dump out any liquid in them. Liquids are often added to sample containers intentionally by the analytical laboratory as a preservative or for pH adjustment. 10. Do not allow any object or material to fall into or contact the collected water sample. Do not allow rainwater to drip from rain gear or other surfaces into sample containers. 11. Replace and tighten sample container lids immediately after sample collection. 12. Use test strips, test kits, and field meters (rinse similar to dipper) for most parameters (see Table 6-4). Dispose of used test strips and test kit ampules properly. 13. Accurately label the sample with the time and location. 14. Place laboratory samples on ice for analysis of bacteria and pollutants of concern 15. Fill out chain-of-custody form for laboratory samples 16. Document on the digital Outfall Inspection form that analytical samples were collected and specify which pollutants the samples will be tested for. 17. Deliver samples to laboratory 18. Decontaminate all testing personnel and equipment

In the event that an outfall is submerged, either partially or completely, or inaccessible, field staff will proceed to the first accessible upstream manhole or structure for the observation and sampling and report the location with the screening results. Field staff will continue to the next upstream structure until there is no longer an influence from the receiving water on the visual inspection or sampling.

Field test kits or field instrumentation are permitted for all parameters except indicator bacteria and any pollutants of concern. Field kits need to have appropriate detection limits and ranges. Table 6-4 lists various field test kits and field instruments that can be used for outfall sampling associated with the 2016 MS4 Permit parameters, other than indicator bacteria and any pollutants of concern.

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 29 June 2019 Table 4-4. Sampling Parameters and Analysis Methods

Analyte or Parameter Instrumentation (Portable Meter) Field Test Kit Ammonia CHEMetrics™ V-2000 Colorimeter CHEMetrics™ K-1410 Hach™ DR/890 Colorimeter CHEMetrics™ K-1510 (series) Hach™ Pocket Colorimeter™ II Hach™ NI-SA Hach™ Ammonia Test Strips Surfactants CHEMetrics™ I-2017 CHEMetrics™ K-9400 and K- (Detergents) 9404 Hach™ DE-2 Chlorine CHEMetrics™ V-2000, K-2513 NA Hach™ Pocket Colorimeter™ II Conductivity CHEMetrics™ I-1200 NA YSI Pro30 YSI EC300A Oakton 450

Temperature YSI Pro30 NA YSI EC300A Oakton 450 Salinity YSI Pro30 NA YSI EC300A Oakton 450 Temperature YSI Pro30 NA YSI EC300A Oakton 450 Indicator Bacteria: EPA certified laboratory procedure (40 CFR § NA E. coli (freshwater) or 136) Enterococcus (saline water) Pollutants of Concern1 EPA certified laboratory procedure (40 CFR § NA 136) 1 Where the discharge is directly into a water quality limited water or a water subject to an approved TMDL, the sample must be analyzed for the pollutant(s) of concern identified as the cause of the water quality impairment.

Testing for indicator bacteria and any pollutants of concern must be conducted using analytical methods and procedures found in 40 CFR § 136.4 Samples for laboratory analysis must also be stored and preserved in accordance with procedures found in 40 CFR § 136. Table 6-5 lists analytical methods, detection limits, hold times, and preservatives for laboratory analysis of dry weather sampling parameters.

4 40 CFR § 136: http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text- idx?SID=b3b41fdea0b7b0b8cd6c4304d86271b7&mc=true&node=pt40.25.136&rgn=div5

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 30 June 2019 Table 5-5. Required Analytical Methods, Detection Limits, Hold Times and Preservatives

Max. Hold Analyte or Parameter Analytical Method Detection Limit Preservative Time

Ammonia EPA: 350.2, SM: 4500- 0.05 mg/L 28 days Cool ≤6°C, H2SO4 NH3C to pH <2, No preservative required if analyzed immediately Surfactants SM: 5540-C 0.01 mg/L 48 hours Cool ≤6°C Chlorine SM: 4500-Cl G 0.02 mg/L Analyze within None Required 15 minutes Temperature SM: 2550B NA Immediate None Required Specific Conductance EPA: 120.1, SM: 2510B 0.2 µs/cm 28 days Cool ≤6°C Salinity SM: 2520 - 28 days Cool ≤6°C Indicator Bacteria: E.coli E.coli 8 hours Cool ≤10°C, E.coli EPA: 1603 EPA: 1 cfu/100mL 0.0008% Na2S2O3 Enterococcus SM: 9221B, 9221F , 9223 B SM: 2 MPN/100mL Other: Colilert ®, Colilert- Other: 1 MPN/100mL 18® Enterococcus Enterococcus EPA: 1 cfu/100mL EPA: 1600 SM: 1 MPN/100mL SM: 9230 C Other: 1 MPN/100mL Other: Enterolert®

Total Phosphorus EPA: Manual-365.3, EPA: 0.01 mg/L 28 days Cool ≤6°C, H2SO4 Automated Ascorbic acid SM : 0.01 mg/L to pH <2 digestion-365.1 Rev. 2, ICP/AES4-200.7 Rev. 4.4

SM: 4500-P E-F Total Nitrogen EPA: Cadmium reduction EPA: 0.05 mg/L 28 days Cool ≤6°C, H2SO4 (Ammonia + (automated)-353.2 Rev. SM : 0.05 mg/L to pH <2 Nitrate/Nitrite, methods 2.0, SM: 4500-NO3 E-F are for Nitrate-Nitrite and need to be combined with Ammonia listed above.) SM = Standard Methods 6.3 Interpreting Outfall Sampling Results

Outfall analytical data from dry weather sampling can be used to help identify the major type or source of discharge. Table 6-6 shows values identified by the U.S. EPA and the Center for Watershed Protection as typical screening values for select parameters. These represent the typical concentration (or value) of each parameter expected to be found in stormwater. Screening values that exceed these benchmarks may be indicative of pollution and/or illicit discharges.

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 31 June 2019 Table 6-6. Benchmark Field Measurements for Select Parameters

Analyte or Parameter Benchmark

Ammonia >0.5 mg/L Conductivity >2,000 μS/cm Surfactants >0.25 mg/L Chlorine >0.02 mg/L (detectable levels per the 2016 MS4 Permit) Indicator Bacteria5: E.coli: the geometric mean of the five most recent E.coli samples taken during the same bathing season shall Enterococcus not exceed 126 colonies per 100 ml and no single sample taken during the bathing season shall exceed 235 colonies per 100 ml

Enterococcus: the geometric mean of the five most recent samples taken during the same bathing season shall not exceed 33 colonies per 100 ml and no single sample taken during the bathing season shall exceed 61 colonies per 100 ml

6.4 Follow-up Ranking of Outfalls and Interconnections

The Town of Agawam will update and re-prioritize the initial outfall and interconnection rankings based on information gathered during dry weather screening. The rankings will be updated periodically as dry weather screening information becomes available, but will be completed within three (3) years of the effective date of the permit (July 1, 2021).

Outfalls/interconnections where relevant information was found indicating sewer input to the MS4 or sampling results indicating sewer input are highly likely to contain illicit discharges from sanitary sources. Such outfalls/interconnections will be ranked at the top of the High Priority Outfalls category for investigation. Other outfalls and interconnections may be re-ranked based on any new information from the dry weather screening.

7 Catchment Investigations

Once stormwater outfalls with evidence of illicit discharges have been identified, various methods can be used to trace the source of the potential discharge within the outfall catchment area. Catchment investigation techniques include but are not limited to review of maps, historic plans, and records; manhole observation; dry and wet weather sampling; video inspection; smoke testing; and dye testing. This section outlines a systematic procedure to investigate outfall catchments to

5 Massachusetts Water Quality Standards: http://www.mass.gov/eea/docs/dep/service/regulations/314cmr04.pdf

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 32 June 2019 trace the source of potential illicit discharges. All data collected as part of the catchment investigations will be recorded and reported in each annual report.

7.1 System Vulnerability Factors

The Department of Public Works will review relevant mapping and historic plans and records to identify areas within the catchment with higher potential for illicit connections. The following information will be reviewed:

 Plans related to the construction of the storm sewer network  Plans related to the construction of the sanitary sewer network  Prior work on storm drains or sewer lines  Board of Health or other municipal data on septic systems  Complaint records related to SSOs  Septic system breakouts.

Based on the review of this information, the presence of any of the following System Vulnerability Factors (SVFs) will be identified for each catchment:

 History of SSOs, including, but not limited to, those resulting from wet weather, high water table, or fat/oil/grease blockages  Common or twin-invert manholes serving storm and sanitary sewer alignments  Common trench construction serving both storm and sanitary sewer alignments  Crossings of storm and sanitary sewer alignments where the sanitary system is shallower than the storm drain system  Sanitary sewer alignments known or suspected to have been constructed with an underdrain system  Inadequate sanitary sewer level of service (LOS) resulting in regular surcharging, customer back-ups, or frequent customer complaints  Areas formerly served by combined sewer systems  Sanitary sewer infrastructure defects such as leaking service laterals, cracked, broken, or offset sanitary infrastructure, directly piped connections between storm drain and sanitary sewer infrastructure, or other vulnerability factors identified through Inflow/Infiltration Analyses, Sanitary Sewer Evaluation Surveys, or other infrastructure investigations  Sewer pump/lift stations, siphons, or known sanitary sewer restrictions where power/equipment failures or blockages could readily result in SSOs  Any sanitary sewer and storm drain infrastructure greater than 40 years old  Widespread code-required septic system upgrades required at property transfers (indicative of inadequate soils, water table separation, or other physical constraints of the area rather that poor owner maintenance)  History of multiple Board of Health actions addressing widespread septic system failures (indicative of inadequate soils, water table separation, or other physical constraints of the area rather that poor owner maintenance).

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 33 June 2019 A SVF inventory will be documented for each catchment (see Table 7-1), retained as part of this IDDE Plan, and included in the annual report. A copy of the SVF inventory will also be posted on the Town of Agawam website.

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 34 June 2019 Table 7-1. Outfall Catchment System Vulnerability Factor (SVF) Inventory Town of Agawam, Massachusetts Revision Date: ##DATE OF LAST UPDATE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 History of SSOs Common or Common Storm/Sanitary Sanitary Lines Inadequate Areas Formerly Sanitary SSO Potential Sanitary and Septic with History of Receiving Outfall ID Twin Invert Trench Crossings with Sanitary Level Served by Infrastructure In Event of Storm Drain Poor Soils or Septic Failure Water Manholes Construction (Sanitary Underdrains of Service Combined Defects System Infrastructure Water Table Above) Sewers Failures >40 years Old Separation Sample 1 XYZ River Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No

Presence/Absence Evaluation Criteria: 1. History of SSOs, including, but not limited to, those resulting from wet weather, high water table, or fat/oil/grease blockages 2. Common or twin-invert manholes serving storm and sanitary sewer alignments 3. Common trench construction serving both storm and sanitary sewer alignments 4. Crossings of storm and sanitary sewer alignments where the sanitary system is shallower than the storm drain system 5. Sanitary sewer alignments known or suspected to have been constructed with an underdrain system 6. Inadequate sanitary sewer level of service (LOS) resulting in regular surcharging, customer back-ups, or frequent customer complaints 7. Areas formerly served by combined sewer systems 8. Sanitary sewer infrastructure defects such as leaking service laterals, cracked, broken, or offset sanitary infrastructure, directly piped connections between storm drain and sanitary sewer infrastructure, or other vulnerability factors identified through Inflow/Infiltration Analyses, Sanitary Sewer Evaluation Surveys, or other infrastructure investigations 9. Sewer pump/lift stations, siphons, or known sanitary sewer restrictions where power/equipment failures or blockages could readily result in SSOs 10. Any sanitary sewer and storm drain infrastructure greater than 40 years old 11. Widespread code-required septic system upgrades required at property transfers (indicative of inadequate soils, water table separation, or other physical constraints of the area rather that poor owner maintenance) 12. History of multiple Board of Health actions addressing widespread septic system failures (indicative of inadequate soils, water table separation, or other physical constraints of the area rather that poor owner maintenance)

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 35 June 2019 7.2 Dry Weather Manhole Inspections

The Town of Agawam will implement a dry weather storm drain network investigation that involves systematically and progressively observing, sampling and evaluating key junction manholes in the MS4 to determine the approximate location of suspected illicit discharges or SSOs.

The Department of Public Works will be responsible for implementing the dry weather manhole inspection program and making updates as necessary. Infrastructure information will be incorporated into the storm system map, and catchment delineations will be refined based on the field investigation, where necessary. The SVF inventory will also be updated based on information obtained during the field investigations, where necessary.

Several important terms related to the dry weather manhole inspection program are defined by the MS4 Permit as follows:

 Junction Manhole is a manhole or structure with two or more inlets accepting flow from two or more MS4 alignments. Manholes with inlets solely from private storm drains, individual catch basins, or both are not considered junction manholes for these purposes.

 Key Junction Manholes are those junction manholes that can represent one or more junction manholes without compromising adequate implementation of the illicit discharge program. Adequate implementation of the illicit discharge program would not be compromised if the exclusion of a particular junction manhole as a key junction manhole would not affect the permittee’s ability to determine the possible presence of an upstream illicit discharge. A permittee may exclude a junction manhole located upstream from another located in the immediate vicinity or that is serving a drainage alignment with no potential for illicit connections.

For all catchments identified for investigation, during dry weather, field crews will systematically inspect key junction manholes for evidence of illicit discharges. This program involves progressive inspection and sampling at manholes in the storm drain network to isolate and eliminate illicit discharges.

The manhole inspection methodology will be conducted in one of two ways (or a combination of both):

 By working progressively up from the outfall and inspecting key junction manholes along the way, or  By working progressively down from the upper parts of the catchment toward the outfall.

For most catchments, manhole inspections will proceed from the outfall moving up into the system. However, the decision to move up or down the system depends on the nature of the drainage system and the surrounding land use and the availability of information on the catchment and drainage system. Moving up the system can begin immediately when an illicit discharge is detected at an outfall, and only a map of the storm drain system is required. Moving down the system requires more advance preparation and reliable drainage system information on the

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 36 June 2019 upstream segments of the storm drain system, but may be more efficient if the sources of illicit discharges are believed to be located in the upstream portions of the catchment area. Once a manhole inspection methodology has been selected, investigations will continue systematically through the catchment.

Inspection of key junction manholes will proceed as follows:

1. Manholes will be opened and inspected for visual and olfactory evidence of illicit connections.

2. If flow is observed, a sample will be collected and analyzed at a minimum for ammonia, chlorine, and surfactants. Field kits can be used for these analyses. Sampling and analysis will be in accordance with procedures outlined in Section 6. Additional indicator sampling may assist in determining potential sources (e.g., bacteria for sanitary flows, conductivity to detect tidal backwater, etc.).

3. Where sampling results or visual or olfactory evidence indicate potential illicit discharges or SSOs, the area draining to the junction manhole will be flagged for further upstream manhole investigation and/or isolation and confirmation of sources.

4. Subsequent key junction manhole inspections will proceed until the location of suspected illicit discharges or SSOs can be isolated to a pipe segment between two manholes.

5. If no evidence of an illicit discharge is found, catchment investigations will be considered complete upon completion of key junction manhole sampling.

7.3 Wet Weather Outfall Sampling

Where a minimum of one (1) System Vulnerability Factor (SVF) is identified based on previous information or the catchment investigation, a wet weather investigation must also be conducted at the associated outfall. The Department of Public Works will be responsible for implementing the wet weather outfall sampling program and making updates as necessary.

Outfalls will be inspected and sampled under wet weather conditions, to the extent necessary, to determine whether wet weather-induced high flows in sanitary sewers or high groundwater in areas served by septic systems result in discharges of sanitary flow to the MS4.

Wet weather outfall sampling will proceed as follows:

1. At least one wet weather sample will be collected at the outfall for the same parameters required during dry weather screening.

2. Wet weather sampling will occur during or after a storm event of sufficient depth or intensity to produce a stormwater discharge at the outfall. There is no specific rainfall amount that will trigger sampling, although minimum storm event intensities that are likely to trigger sanitary sewer interconnections are preferred. To the extent feasible, sampling

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 37 June 2019 should occur during the spring (March through June) when groundwater levels are relatively high.

3. If wet weather outfall sampling indicates a potential illicit discharge, then additional wet weather source sampling will be performed, as warranted, or source isolation and confirmation procedures will be followed as described in Section 7.4.

4. If wet weather outfall sampling does not identify evidence of illicit discharges, and no evidence of an illicit discharge is found during dry weather manhole inspections, catchment investigations will be considered complete.

7.4 Source Isolation and Confirmation

Once the source of an illicit discharge is approximated between two manholes, more detailed investigation techniques will be used to isolate and confirm the source of the illicit discharge. The following methods may be used in isolating and confirming the source of illicit discharges

 Sandbagging  Smoke Testing  Dye Testing  CCTV/Video Inspections  Optical Brightener Monitoring  IDDE Canines

Public notification is an important aspect of a detailed source investigation program. Prior to smoke testing, dye testing, or TV inspections, the Department of Public Works will notify property owners in the affected area with robocalls, informational door hangers, and/or written letters for single family homes, businesses and building lobbies for multi-family dwellings.

7.4.1 Sandbagging

This technique can be particularly useful when attempting to isolate intermittent illicit discharges or those with very little perceptible flow. The technique involves placing sandbags or similar barriers (e.g., caulking, weirs/plates, or other temporary barriers) within outlets to manholes to form a temporary dam that collects any intermittent flows that may occur. Sandbags are typically left in place for 48 hours, and should only be installed when dry weather is forecast. If flow has collected behind the sandbags/barriers after 48 hours it can be assessed using visual observations or by sampling. If no flow collects behind the sandbag, the upstream pipe network can be ruled out as a source of the intermittent discharge. Finding appropriate durations of dry weather and the need for multiple trips to each manhole makes this method both time-consuming and somewhat limiting.

7.4.2 Smoke Testing

Smoke testing involves injecting non-toxic smoke into drain lines and noting the emergence of smoke from sanitary sewer vents in illegally connected buildings or from cracks and leaks in the

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 38 June 2019 system itself. Typically a smoke bomb or smoke generator is used to inject the smoke into the system at a catch basin or manhole and air is then forced through the system. Test personnel are place in areas where there are suspected illegal connections or cracks/leaks, noting any escape of smoke (indicating an illicit connection or damaged storm drain infrastructure). It is important when using this technique to make proper notifications to area residents and business owners as well as local police and fire departments.

If the initial test of the storm drain system is unsuccessful then a more thorough smoke-test of the sanitary sewer lines can also be performed. Unlike storm drain smoke tests, buildings that do not emit smoke during sanitary sewer smoke tests may have problem connections and may also have sewer gas venting inside, which is hazardous.

It should be noted that smoke may cause minor irritation of respiratory passages. Residents with respiratory conditions may need to be monitored or evacuated from the area of testing altogether to ensure safety during testing.

7.4.3 Dye Testing

Dye testing involves flushing non-toxic dye into plumbing fixtures such as toilets, showers, and sinks and observing nearby storm drains and sewer manholes as well as stormwater outfalls for the presence of the dye. Similar to smoke testing, it is important to inform local residents and business owners. Police, fire, and local public health staff should also be notified prior to testing in preparation of responding to citizen phone calls concerning the dye and their presence in local surface waters.

A team of two or more people is needed to perform dye testing (ideally, all with two-way radios). One person is inside the building, while the others are stationed at the appropriate storm sewer and sanitary sewer manholes (which should be opened) and/or outfalls. The person inside the building adds dye into a plumbing fixture (i.e., toilet or sink) and runs a sufficient amount of water to move the dye through the plumbing system. The person inside the building then radios to the outside crew that the dye has been dropped, and the outside crew watches for the dye in the storm sewer and sanitary sewer, recording the presence or absence of the dye.

The test can be relatively quick (about 30 minutes per test), effective (results are usually definitive), and inexpensive. Dye testing is best used when the likely source of an illicit discharge has been narrowed down to a few specific houses or businesses.

7.4.4 CCTV/Video Inspection

Another method of source isolation involves the use of mobile video cameras that are guided remotely through stormwater drain lines to observe possible illicit discharges. IDDE program staff can review the videos and note any visible illicit discharges. While this tool is both effective and usually definitive, it can be costly and time consuming when compared to other source isolation techniques.

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 39 June 2019 7.4.5 Optical Brightener Monitoring

Optical brighteners are fluorescent dyes that are used in detergents and paper products to enhance their appearance. The presence of optical brighteners in surface waters or dry weather discharges suggests there is a possible illicit discharge or insufficient removal through adsorption in nearby septic systems or wastewater treatment. Optical brightener monitoring can be done in two ways. The most common, and least expensive, methodology involves placing a cotton pad in a wire cage and securing it in a pipe, manhole, catch basin, or inlet to capture intermittent dry weather flows. The pad is retrieved at a later date and placed under UV light to determine the presence/absence of brighteners during the monitoring period. A second methodology uses handheld fluorometers to detect optical brighteners in water sample collected from outfalls or ambient surface waters. Use of a fluorometer, while more quantitative, is typically more costly and is not as effective at isolating intermittent discharges as other source isolation techniques.

7.4.6 IDDE Canines

Dogs specifically trained to smell human related sewage are becoming a cost-effective way to isolate and identify sources of illicit discharges. While not widespread at the moment, the use of IDDE canines is growing as is their accuracy. The use of IDDE canines is not recommended as a standalone practice for source identification; rather it is recommended as a tool to supplement other conventional methods, such as dye testing, in order to fully verify sources of illicit discharges.

7.5 Illicit Discharge Removal

When the specific source of an illicit discharge is identified, the Town of Agawam will exercise its authority as necessary to require its removal. The annual report will include the status of IDDE investigation and removal activities including the following information for each confirmed source:

 The location of the discharge and its source(s)  A description of the discharge  The method of discovery  Date of discovery  Date of elimination, mitigation or enforcement action OR planned corrective measures and a schedule for completing the illicit discharge removal  Estimate of the volume of flow removed.

7.5.1 Confirmatory Outfall Screening

Within one (1) year of removal of all identified illicit discharges within a catchment area, confirmatory outfall or interconnection screening will be conducted. The confirmatory screening will be conducted in dry weather unless System Vulnerability Factors have been identified, in which case both dry weather and wet weather confirmatory screening will be conducted. If confirmatory screening indicates evidence of additional illicit discharges, the catchment will be scheduled for additional investigation.

7.6 Ongoing Screening

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 40 June 2019 Upon completion of all catchment investigations and illicit discharge removal and confirmation (if necessary), each outfall or interconnection will be re-prioritized for screening and scheduled for ongoing screening once every five (5) years. Ongoing screening will consist of dry weather screening and sampling consistent with the procedures described in Section 6 of this plan. Ongoing wet weather screening and sampling will also be conducted at outfalls where wet weather screening was required due to System Vulnerability Factors and will be conducted in accordance with the procedures described in Section 7.3. All sampling results will be reported in the annual report.

8 Training

Annual IDDE training will be made available to all employees involved in the IDDE program. This training will at a minimum include information on how to identify illicit discharges and SSOs and may also include additional training specific to the functions of particular personnel and their function within the framework of the IDDE program. A template of the training log form used by the Town is included in Appendix D. The frequency and type of training will be included in the annual report.

9 Progress Reporting

The progress and success of the IDDE program will be evaluated on an annual basis. The evaluation will be documented in the annual report and will include the following indicators of program progress:

 Number of SSOs and illicit discharges identified and removed  Number and percent of total outfall catchments served by the MS4 evaluated using the catchment investigation procedure  Number of dry weather outfall inspections/screenings  Number of wet weather outfall inspections/sampling events  Number of enforcement notices issued  All dry weather and wet weather screening and sampling results  Estimate of the volume of sewage removed, as applicable  Number of employees trained annually.

The success of the IDDE program will be measured by the IDDE activities completed within the required permit timelines.

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan 41 June 2019 Appendix A

Legal Authority (IDDE Bylaw or Ordinance)

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan June 2019

Appendix B

Storm System Mapping

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K ANAW HA AV E Feet Appendix C

Outfall Inventory and Priority Ranking Matrix

Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan June 2019 Town of Agawam - Outfall Inventory and Priority Ranking Matrix Discharging to Area of Density of Historic Previous Screening Results Frequency of Past Receiving Water Density of Generating Age of Development/ Density of Septic Additional Outfall ID Receiving Water Owner Concern to Public Combined Sewers or Aging Septic? Culverted Streams? 6 Indicate Likely Sewer Input? 1 Discharge Complaints Quality 3 Sites 4 Infrastructure Failures since 2003? Characteristics Health? 2 Septic? 5 Land Use Information, Outfall Inspections and Sample Land Use/GIS Maps, Town Staff, Site Plans, Initial Priority Infomration Source GIS Maps Town Staff Impaird Waters List Site Plans, Visual Land Use, Town Staff Town Staff, GIS Maps GIS Maps, Site Plans Other Score Results Aerial Photography GIS Maps Ranking Observation Frequent = 3 Poor = 3 High = 3 > 40 Years = 3 High = 3 High = 3 Yes = 3 (Problem Outfall) Yes = 3 > 30 Years = 3 Yes = 3 Scoring Criteria Occasional = 2 Fair = 2 Medium = 2 20 - 40 Years = 2 Medium = 2 Medium = 2 TBD No = 0 No = 0 < 30 Years = 0 No = 0 None = 0 Good = 1 Low = 1 < 20 Years = 1 Low = 1 Low = 1 CT-48-1076 Connecticut River Municipality HIGH CT-48-608 Connecticut River Municipality HIGH CT-48-940 Connecticut River Municipality HIGH CT-50-600 Connecticut River Municipality HIGH CT-50-602 Connecticut River Municipality HIGH CT-50-941 Connecticut River Municipality HIGH CT-52-631 Connecticut River State HIGH CT-52-632 Connecticut River State HIGH CT-52-633 Connecticut River State HIGH CT-52-762 Connecticut River Municipality HIGH CT-52-763 Connecticut River State HIGH CT-52-764 Connecticut River State HIGH CT-58-656 Connecticut River State HIGH CT-58-657 Connecticut River State HIGH CT-58-658 Connecticut River State HIGH CT-58-659 Connecticut River State HIGH CT-58-660 Connecticut River Municipality HIGH CT-58-661 Connecticut River State HIGH CT-58-963 Connecticut River Municipality HIGH CT-59-663 Connecticut River Municipality HIGH CT-59-664 Connecticut River State HIGH CT-59-665 Connecticut River State HIGH CT-59-666 Connecticut River State HIGH CT-59-667 Connecticut River Municipality HIGH CT-59-668 Connecticut River State HIGH CT-59-669 Connecticut River State HIGH CT-59-670 Connecticut River Municipality HIGH CT-59-671 Connecticut River State HIGH CT-60-1040 Connecticut River State HIGH CT-60-673 Connecticut River State HIGH CT-60-674 Connecticut River State HIGH CT-60-676 Connecticut River State HIGH CT-60-681 Connecticut River Municipality HIGH CT-60-959 Connecticut River State HIGH CT-60-962 Connecticut River State HIGH CT-62-686 Connecticut River State HIGH CT-62-687 Connecticut River State HIGH CT-62-688 Connecticut River Municipality HIGH CT-62-966 Connecticut River Municipality HIGH FM-47-1096 Fourmile Brook Municipality LOW FM-47-570 Fourmile Brook Municipality HIGH FM-47-582 Fourmile Brook Municipality LOW FM-47-584 Fourmile Brook Municipality LOW FM-47-585 Fourmile Brook Municipality LOW FM-47-586 Fourmile Brook Municipality LOW FM-47-591 Fourmile Brook Municipality LOW FM-47-593 Fourmile Brook Municipality LOW FM-47-596 Fourmile Brook Municipality LOW FM-47-855 Fourmile Brook Municipality HIGH FM-47-933 Fourmile Brook Municipality LOW GW-20-1004 Groundwater Municipality LOW GW-27-1103 Groundwater Municipality LOW GW-28-1105 Groundwater Municipality HIGH GW-29-1003 Groundwater Municipality LOW GW-29-1104 Groundwater Municipality LOW GW-29-1106 Groundwater Municipality HIGH MAY-10-249 May Hollow Municipality LOW MAY-10-250 May Hollow Municipality LOW MAY-10-843 May Hollow Municipality LOW Town of Agawam - Outfall Inventory and Priority Ranking Matrix Discharging to Area of Density of Historic Previous Screening Results Frequency of Past Receiving Water Density of Generating Age of Development/ Density of Septic Additional Outfall ID Receiving Water Owner Concern to Public Combined Sewers or Aging Septic? Culverted Streams? 6 Indicate Likely Sewer Input? 1 Discharge Complaints Quality 3 Sites 4 Infrastructure Failures since 2003? Characteristics Health? 2 Septic? 5 Land Use Information, Outfall Inspections and Sample Land Use/GIS Maps, Town Staff, Site Plans, Initial Priority Infomration Source GIS Maps Town Staff Impaird Waters List Site Plans, Visual Land Use, Town Staff Town Staff, GIS Maps GIS Maps, Site Plans Other Score Results Aerial Photography GIS Maps Ranking Observation Frequent = 3 Poor = 3 High = 3 > 40 Years = 3 High = 3 High = 3 Yes = 3 (Problem Outfall) Yes = 3 > 30 Years = 3 Yes = 3 Scoring Criteria Occasional = 2 Fair = 2 Medium = 2 20 - 40 Years = 2 Medium = 2 Medium = 2 TBD No = 0 No = 0 < 30 Years = 0 No = 0 None = 0 Good = 1 Low = 1 < 20 Years = 1 Low = 1 Low = 1 MAY-10-844 May Hollow Municipality LOW MAY-11-1081 May Hollow Municipality LOW MAY-11-238 May Hollow Municipality LOW MAY11-239 May Hollow Municipality LOW MAY-11-240 May Hollow Municipality LOW MAY-11-241 May Hollow Municipality LOW MAY-11-483 May Hollow Municipality LOW MAY-11-845 May Hollow Municipality LOW MAY-11-847 May Hollow Municipality LOW MAY-12-1061 May Hollow Municipality LOW MAY-12-1062 May Hollow Municipality LOW MAY-12-255 May Hollow Municipality LOW MAY-15-1107 May Hollow Municipality LOW MAY-15-491 May Hollow Municipality LOW MAY-15-846 May Hollow Municipality LOW MAY-9-258 May Hollow Municipality LOW MAY-9-862 May Hollow Municipality LOW MAY-9-865 May Hollow Municipality LOW MAY-9-972 May Hollow Municipality LOW MI-13-484 Miller Brook Municipality HIGH MI-14-1067 Miller Brook Municipality LOW MI-14-1068 Miller Brook Municipality LOW MI-16-259 Miller Brook Municipality LOW MI-16-260 Miller Brook Municipality LOW MI-16-261 Miller Brook Municipality LOW MI-16-311 Miller Brook Municipality LOW MI-16-312 Miller Brook Municipality LOW MI-16-494 Miller Brook Municipality LOW MI-16-495 Miller Brook Municipality LOW MI-16-501 Miller Brook Municipality LOW MI-16-848 Miller Brook Municipality LOW MI-17-498 Miller Brook Municipality LOW MI-17-499 Miller Brook Municipality LOW MI-17-500 Miller Brook Municipality LOW MI-18-1022 Miller Brook Municipality LOW MU-23-1063 Muddy Brook Municipality HIGH MU-23-1099 Muddy Brook Municipality LOW MU-23-926 Muddy Brook Municipality HIGH MU-23-927 Muddy Brook Municipality HIGH MU-2-476 Muddy Brook Municipality HIGH PH-18-502 Philo Brook Municipality HIGH PH-19-525 Philo Brook Municipality HIGH PH-19-526 Philo Brook Municipality HIGH PH-19-851 Philo Brook Private HIGH PH-20-1071 Philo Brook Municipality LOW PH-21-1045 Philo Brook Municipality HIGH PH-21-1046 Philo Brook Municipality LOW PH-21-1058 Philo Brook Municipality HIGH PH-21-506 Philo Brook Municipality LOW PH-21-507 Philo Brook Municipality LOW PH-21-528 Philo Brook Municipality HIGH PH-21-529 Philo Brook Municipality LOW PH-21-530 Philo Brook Municipality HIGH PH-21-531 Philo Brook Municipality HIGH PH-21-918 Philo Brook Municipality LOW PH-21-919 Philo Brook Municipality EXCLUDED PH-21-920 Philo Brook Municipality EXCLUDED PH-22-1034 Philo Brook Municipality HIGH PH-22-1109 Philo Brook Municipality HIGH Town of Agawam - Outfall Inventory and Priority Ranking Matrix Discharging to Area of Density of Historic Previous Screening Results Frequency of Past Receiving Water Density of Generating Age of Development/ Density of Septic Additional Outfall ID Receiving Water Owner Concern to Public Combined Sewers or Aging Septic? Culverted Streams? 6 Indicate Likely Sewer Input? 1 Discharge Complaints Quality 3 Sites 4 Infrastructure Failures since 2003? Characteristics Health? 2 Septic? 5 Land Use Information, Outfall Inspections and Sample Land Use/GIS Maps, Town Staff, Site Plans, Initial Priority Infomration Source GIS Maps Town Staff Impaird Waters List Site Plans, Visual Land Use, Town Staff Town Staff, GIS Maps GIS Maps, Site Plans Other Score Results Aerial Photography GIS Maps Ranking Observation Frequent = 3 Poor = 3 High = 3 > 40 Years = 3 High = 3 High = 3 Yes = 3 (Problem Outfall) Yes = 3 > 30 Years = 3 Yes = 3 Scoring Criteria Occasional = 2 Fair = 2 Medium = 2 20 - 40 Years = 2 Medium = 2 Medium = 2 TBD No = 0 No = 0 < 30 Years = 0 No = 0 None = 0 Good = 1 Low = 1 < 20 Years = 1 Low = 1 Low = 1 PH-22-924 Philo Brook Municipality HIGH PH-23-1070 Philo Brook Municipality HIGH PH-65-691 Philo Brook Municipality HIGH PH-65-693 Philo Brook Municipality HIGH PH-65-694 Philo Brook Municipality HIGH PH-66-695 Philo Brook Municipality LOW PH-66-696 Philo Brook Municipality HIGH PH-66-697 Philo Brook Municipality HIGH PH-7-1064 Philo Brook Municipality HIGH PH-Jr High-1038 Philo Brook Municipality LOW SL-33-1086 Silver Lake Municipality LOW SL-33-351 Silver Lake Municipality LOW SL-33-518 Silver Lake Municipality LOW SL-33-538 Silver Lake Municipality LOW SL-33-539 Silver Lake Municipality LOW ST-15-489 Still Brook Municipality HIGH ST-15-988 Still Brook Municipality HIGH ST-18-1021 Still Brook Municipality LOW ST-22-1100 Still Brook Municipality EXCLUDED ST-22-1101 Still Brook Municipality LOW ST-22-508 Still Brook Municipality HIGH ST-22-543 Still Brook Municipality LOW ST-2-291 Still Brook Municipality HIGH ST-22-925 Still Brook Municipality EXCLUDED ST-22-942 Still Brook Municipality EXCLUDED ST-22-943 Still Brook Municipality EXCLUDED ST-23-509 Still Brook Municipality HIGH ST-2-522 Still Brook Municipality HIGH ST-2-523 Still Brook Municipality HIGH ST-3-1024 Still Brook Municipality HIGH ST-3-292 Still Brook Municipality HIGH ST-3-477 Still Brook Municipality HIGH ST-3-478 Still Brook Municipality HIGH ST-3-479 Still Brook Municipality HIGH ST-4-1057 Still Brook Municipality LOW ST-4-463 Still Brook Municipality LOW ST-4-464 Still Brook Municipality HIGH ST-4-465 Still Brook Municipality LOW ST-4-482 Still Brook Municipality HIGH ST-4-485 Still Brook Municipality HIGH ST-4-486 Still Brook Municipality HIGH ST-4-487 Still Brook Municipality LOW ST-4-726 Still Brook Municipality HIGH ST-4-759 Still Brook Municipality LOW ST-4-760 Still Brook Municipality LOW ST-5-1023 Still Brook Municipality HIGH ST-5-1077 Still Brook Municipality HIGH ST-5-272 Still Brook Municipality HIGH ST-5-273 Still Brook Municipality HIGH ST-5-954 Still Brook Municipality HIGH ST-6-263 Still Brook Municipality LOW ST-6-264 Still Brook Municipality HIGH ST-64-1092 Still Brook Municipality HIGH ST-6-466 Still Brook Municipality LOW ST-6-467 Still Brook Municipality LOW ST-6-468 Still Brook Municipality LOW ST-64-953 Still Brook Municipality HIGH ST-6-912 Still Brook Municipality LOW ST-6-975 Still Brook Municipality LOW Town of Agawam - Outfall Inventory and Priority Ranking Matrix Discharging to Area of Density of Historic Previous Screening Results Frequency of Past Receiving Water Density of Generating Age of Development/ Density of Septic Additional Outfall ID Receiving Water Owner Concern to Public Combined Sewers or Aging Septic? Culverted Streams? 6 Indicate Likely Sewer Input? 1 Discharge Complaints Quality 3 Sites 4 Infrastructure Failures since 2003? Characteristics Health? 2 Septic? 5 Land Use Information, Outfall Inspections and Sample Land Use/GIS Maps, Town Staff, Site Plans, Initial Priority Infomration Source GIS Maps Town Staff Impaird Waters List Site Plans, Visual Land Use, Town Staff Town Staff, GIS Maps GIS Maps, Site Plans Other Score Results Aerial Photography GIS Maps Ranking Observation Frequent = 3 Poor = 3 High = 3 > 40 Years = 3 High = 3 High = 3 Yes = 3 (Problem Outfall) Yes = 3 > 30 Years = 3 Yes = 3 Scoring Criteria Occasional = 2 Fair = 2 Medium = 2 20 - 40 Years = 2 Medium = 2 Medium = 2 TBD No = 0 No = 0 < 30 Years = 0 No = 0 None = 0 Good = 1 Low = 1 < 20 Years = 1 Low = 1 Low = 1 ST-6-976 Still Brook Municipality LOW ST-6-977 Still Brook Municipality LOW ST-7-469 Still Brook Municipality LOW ST-8-1043 Still Brook Municipality HIGH ST-8-1079 Still Brook Municipality HIGH ST-8-470 Still Brook Municipality HIGH ST-8-480 Still Brook Municipality HIGH ST-8-913 Still Brook Municipality HIGH ST-9-1037 Still Brook Municipality HIGH ST-9-1108 Still Brook Municipality HIGH ST-9-471 Still Brook Municipality HIGH ST-9--472 Still Brook Municipality HIGH ST-9-914 Still Brook Municipality HIGH TK-44-565 Tarkill Brook Municipality LOW TK-44-566 Tarkill Brook Municipality LOW TK-45-1082 Tarkill Brook Municipality LOW TK-45-422 Tarkill Brook Municipality LOW TK-45-427 Tarkill Brook Municipality LOW TK-45-567 Tarkill Brook Municipality HIGH TK-45-568 Tarkill Brook Municipality HIGH TK-45-577 Tarkill Brook Municipality LOW TK-45-945 Tarkill Brook Municipality HIGH TK-46-561 Tarkill Brook Municipality LOW TK-46-761 Tarkill Brook Municipality HIGH TK-66-700 Tarkill Brook Municipality HIGH TM-20-1025 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-20-293 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-20-852 Threemile Brook Municipality HIGH TM-25-1017 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-25-1020 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-25-298 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-25-299 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-25-510 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-30-513 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-30-532 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-30-533 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-30-547 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-30-549 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-30-915 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-30-916 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-31-515 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-31-517 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-32-1111 Threemile Brook Municipality HIGH TM-32-519 Threemile Brook Municipality HIGH TM-32-537 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-32-928 Threemile Brook Municipality HIGH TM-33-1018 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-33-550 Threemile Brook Municipality HIGH TM-33-939 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-33-969 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-34-1072 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-34-1075 Threemile Brook Municipality HIGH TM-34-1093 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-34-340 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-34-347 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-34-514 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-35-337 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-35-929A Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-35-929B Threemile Brook Municipality LOW Town of Agawam - Outfall Inventory and Priority Ranking Matrix Discharging to Area of Density of Historic Previous Screening Results Frequency of Past Receiving Water Density of Generating Age of Development/ Density of Septic Additional Outfall ID Receiving Water Owner Concern to Public Combined Sewers or Aging Septic? Culverted Streams? 6 Indicate Likely Sewer Input? 1 Discharge Complaints Quality 3 Sites 4 Infrastructure Failures since 2003? Characteristics Health? 2 Septic? 5 Land Use Information, Outfall Inspections and Sample Land Use/GIS Maps, Town Staff, Site Plans, Initial Priority Infomration Source GIS Maps Town Staff Impaird Waters List Site Plans, Visual Land Use, Town Staff Town Staff, GIS Maps GIS Maps, Site Plans Other Score Results Aerial Photography GIS Maps Ranking Observation Frequent = 3 Poor = 3 High = 3 > 40 Years = 3 High = 3 High = 3 Yes = 3 (Problem Outfall) Yes = 3 > 30 Years = 3 Yes = 3 Scoring Criteria Occasional = 2 Fair = 2 Medium = 2 20 - 40 Years = 2 Medium = 2 Medium = 2 TBD No = 0 No = 0 < 30 Years = 0 No = 0 None = 0 Good = 1 Low = 1 < 20 Years = 1 Low = 1 Low = 1 TM-36-540 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-41-552 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-41-738 Threemile Brook Municipality HIGH TM-42-1080 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-42-938 Threemile Brook Municipality HIGH TM-42-947 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-42-970 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-43-1019 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-43-1041 Threemile Brook Municipality HIGH TM-43-554 Threemile Brook Private LOW TM-43-555 Threemile Brook Private LOW TM-43-560 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-43-641 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-43-971 Threemile Brook Municipality HIGH TM-44-353 Threemile Brook Municipality HIGH TM-44-553 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-44-562 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-45-571 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-46-579 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-46-580 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-46-610 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-47-573 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-47-581 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-47-587 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-47-595 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-47-956 Threemile Brook Municipality HIGH TM-47-965 Threemile Brook Municipality HIGH TM-49-964 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-51-618 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-53-611 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-53-625 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-53-936 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-54-639 Threemile Brook Municipality LOW TM-54-642 Threemile Brook Municipality HIGH TM-54-643 Threemile Brook Municipality HIGH TM-68-1083 Threemile Brook Municipality HIGH TM-68-1084 Threemile Brook Municipality HIGH UN-1-284 Unknown Stream Municipality HIGH UN-1-285 Unknown Stream Municipality HIGH UN-13-1089 Unknown Stream Municipality LOW UN-13-243 Unknown Stream Municipality LOW UN-13-539 Unknown Stream Municipality HIGH UN-14-1066 Unknown Stream Municipality HIGH UN-14-247 Unknown Stream Municipality LOW UN-2-289 Unknown Stream Municipality HIGH UN-2-474 Unknown Stream Municipality HIGH UN-28-317 Unknown Stream Municipality LOW UN-28-512 Unknown Stream Municipality HIGH UN-51-613 Unknown Stream Municipality LOW UN-51-616 Unknown Stream Municipality HIGH UN-51-937 Unknown Stream Municipality LOW UN-52-628 Unknown Stream Municipality LOW UN-52-634 Unknown Stream Municipality LOW UN-53-627 Unknown Stream Municipality LOW UN-53-853 Unknown Stream Municipality LOW UN-56-955 Unknown Stream Municipality LOW UN-57-1085 Unknown Stream Municipality LOW UN-57-648 Unknown Stream Municipality LOW UN-57-649 Unknown Stream Municipality LOW Town of Agawam - Outfall Inventory and Priority Ranking Matrix Discharging to Area of Density of Historic Previous Screening Results Frequency of Past Receiving Water Density of Generating Age of Development/ Density of Septic Additional Outfall ID Receiving Water Owner Concern to Public Combined Sewers or Aging Septic? Culverted Streams? 6 Indicate Likely Sewer Input? 1 Discharge Complaints Quality 3 Sites 4 Infrastructure Failures since 2003? Characteristics Health? 2 Septic? 5 Land Use Information, Outfall Inspections and Sample Land Use/GIS Maps, Town Staff, Site Plans, Initial Priority Infomration Source GIS Maps Town Staff Impaird Waters List Site Plans, Visual Land Use, Town Staff Town Staff, GIS Maps GIS Maps, Site Plans Other Score Results Aerial Photography GIS Maps Ranking Observation Frequent = 3 Poor = 3 High = 3 > 40 Years = 3 High = 3 High = 3 Yes = 3 (Problem Outfall) Yes = 3 > 30 Years = 3 Yes = 3 Scoring Criteria Occasional = 2 Fair = 2 Medium = 2 20 - 40 Years = 2 Medium = 2 Medium = 2 TBD No = 0 No = 0 < 30 Years = 0 No = 0 None = 0 Good = 1 Low = 1 < 20 Years = 1 Low = 1 Low = 1 UN-57-650 Unknown Stream Municipality LOW UN-57-651 Unknown Stream Municipality LOW UN-57-652 Unknown Stream Municipality LOW UN-57-653 Unknown Stream Municipality LOW UN-57-655 Unknown Stream Municipality LOW UN-59-1074 Unknown Stream Municipality LOW UN-60-646 Unknown Stream Municipality LOW UN-60-677 Unknown Stream Municipality LOW UN-60-679 Unknown Stream Municipality LOW UN-60-680 Unknown Stream Municipality LOW UN-60-683 Unknown Stream Municipality LOW UN-62-1036 Unknown Stream Municipality LOW UN-62-951 Unknown Stream Municipality LOW WB-36-1090 Westfield Brook Municipality LOW WB-36-325 Westfield Brook Municipality LOW WB-39-708 Westfield Brook Municipality HIGH WB-39-714 Westfield Brook Municipality LOW WB-40-705 Westfield Brook Municipality LOW WB-41-715 Westfield Brook Municipality HIGH WF-11-1060 Westfield River Municipality LOW WF-11-232 Westfield River Municipality LOW WF-11-235 Westfield River Municipality LOW WF-27-968 Westfield River Municipality LOW WF-37-723 Westfield River Municipality LOW WF-37-725 Westfield River Municipality HIGH WF-37-952 Westfield River Municipality HIGH WF-38-1088 Westfield River Municipality HIGH WF-38-730 Westfield River Municipality HIGH WF-38-731 Westfield River Municipality HIGH WF-38-732 Westfield River Municipality HIGH WF-38-734 Westfield River Municipality HIGH WF-39-1112 Westfield River Municipality HIGH WF-39-710 Westfield River Municipality HIGH WF-39-711 Westfield River Municipality HIGH WF-39-713 Westfield River Municipality HIGH WF-39-930 Westfield River Municipality HIGH WF-39-931 Westfield River Municipality HIGH WF-39-958 Westfield River Municipality HIGH WF-40-706 Westfield River Municipality HIGH WF-40-716 Westfield River Municipality HIGH WF-40-720 Westfield River Municipality HIGH WF-55-644 Westfield River Municipality HIGH WF-55-741 Westfield River Municipality LOW WF-61-685 Westfield River Municipality LOW WF-61-950 Westfield River Municipality LOW WF-62-1035 Westfield River Municipality HIGH WF-62-689 Westfield River Municipality LOW WH-16-313 White Brook Municipality HIGH WH-16-521 White Brook Municipality LOW WH-17-304 White Brook Municipality LOW WH-17-496 White Brook Municipality LOW WH-17-497 White Brook Municipality LOW WH-17-524 White Brook Municipality LOW WH-17-849 White Brook Municipality LOW WH-19-302 White Brook Municipality LOW WH-25-511 White Brook Municipality HIGH WH-26-544 White Brook Municipality LOW WH-26-545 White Brook Municipality LOW WH-26-908 White Brook Municipality LOW Town of Agawam - Outfall Inventory and Priority Ranking Matrix Discharging to Area of Density of Historic Previous Screening Results Frequency of Past Receiving Water Density of Generating Age of Development/ Density of Septic Additional Outfall ID Receiving Water Owner Concern to Public Combined Sewers or Aging Septic? Culverted Streams? 6 Indicate Likely Sewer Input? 1 Discharge Complaints Quality 3 Sites 4 Infrastructure Failures since 2003? Characteristics Health? 2 Septic? 5 Land Use Information, Outfall Inspections and Sample Land Use/GIS Maps, Town Staff, Site Plans, Initial Priority Infomration Source GIS Maps Town Staff Impaird Waters List Site Plans, Visual Land Use, Town Staff Town Staff, GIS Maps GIS Maps, Site Plans Other Score Results Aerial Photography GIS Maps Ranking Observation Frequent = 3 Poor = 3 High = 3 > 40 Years = 3 High = 3 High = 3 Yes = 3 (Problem Outfall) Yes = 3 > 30 Years = 3 Yes = 3 Scoring Criteria Occasional = 2 Fair = 2 Medium = 2 20 - 40 Years = 2 Medium = 2 Medium = 2 TBD No = 0 No = 0 < 30 Years = 0 No = 0 None = 0 Good = 1 Low = 1 < 20 Years = 1 Low = 1 Low = 1 WH-26-909 White Brook Municipality LOW WH-26-910 White Brook Municipality LOW WH-26-917 White Brook Municipality LOW WH-27-546 White Brook Municipality HIGH WH-27-911 White Brook Municipality LOW WO-47-1097 Worthington Brook Municipality LOW WO-47-583 Worthington Brook Municipality LOW WO-47-588 Worthington Brook Municipality LOW WO-47-589 Worthington Brook Municipality LOW WO-66-701 Worthington Brook Municipality HIGH WO-66-702 Worthington Brook Municipality LOW WO-67-703 Worthington Brook Municipality HIGH WO-67-704 Worthington Brook Municipality HIGH Appendix D

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Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Plan June 2019 Town of Agawam TOPIC

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SPECIFIC TOPICS DISCUSSED

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