Bezeichnete George F. Kennan Seine Studie Über Die Russische Politik Im Ersten Weltkrieg Und Befürchtete: „Some May Think Too Much So“

Home , Persian Gulf Command, Propaganda in Iran

Dank:

Als „eine zugegebenermaßen äußerst detaillierte Darstellung“ bezeichnete George F. Kennan seine Studie über die russische Politik im Ersten Weltkrieg und befürchtete: „some may think too much so“. Doch sei der Gegenstand gleichermaßen zu komplex und zu kontrovers, um auf Ausführlichkeit zu verzichten. Kennans Feststellung scheint mir auch für die Beziehungen zwischen den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika und Iran angemessen zu sein. Und auch die vorliegende Studie ist in der Tat bezüglich Umfang und aufgewendeter Lebenszeit weit über die anfänglichen Planungen hinausgewachsen.

Für das Entstehen und vor allem für die Fertigstellung dieser Studie, basierend auf einer von der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität zu Köln angenommenen Dissertation, bin ich vielen Menschen und Institutionen zu Dank verpflichtet. Mein Betreuer, Professor Dr. Jost Dülffer, hat dieses Projekt von Beginn an unterstützt und mit großer Geduld gefördert. Er hat mir dabei fortwährend alle Freiheiten für eigenständiges Forschen gewährt. Professorin Dr. Anke Ortlepp und Professor Dr. Thomas Jäger danke ich für ihre Bereitschaft, die weiteren Gutachten zu übernehmen, und Herrn Jäger zusätzlich für die Aufnahme in die von ihm herausgegebene Reihe „Globale Gesellschaft und internationale Beziehungen“. Professor Dr. Werner Link und Professor Dr. Christof Mauch gaben bereitwillig ihre Unterstützung für Anträge auf finanzielle Förderung. Herrn Mauch verdanke ich zudem einige wichtige theoretische Impulse für die Arbeit und Ermutigung für das Projekt in einer schwierigen Phase. Wichtige Anregungen und Ideen gewann ich aus zahlreichen Gesprächen mit Fachkollegen über die Jahre: Genannt seien Roham Alvandi, Claudia Castiglioni, Marc Frey, Francis J. Gavin, Jim Goode, Leopoldo Nuti, David Painter, Tore Tingvold Petersen, Matthew Shannon, Hilde Henriksen Waage und Hugh Wilford. James A. Bill, H. W. Brands und Mark Gasiorowski gaben mir wertvolle Tipps in der Anfangsphase. John W. Limbert und Chas W. Freeman Jr. verdanke ich persönliche Einblicke in die iranisch-amerikanische Tragödie. Das National Security Archive an der George Washington University ist ein Glücksfall für jeden Wissenschaftler mit Interesse an amerikanischer Außenpolitik, und dem Leiter des dortigen Iran-Projekts, Malcolm Byrne, verdanke ich die Einladung zu einer eindrücklichen Konferenz über amerikanisch-iranische Beziehungen auf St. Simons Island, Georgia. Christoph Strupp und Bernd Schäfer betreuten mich fürsorglich in meiner Zeit als Doctoral Fellow am Deutschen Historischen Institut (DHI) in Washington, D.C.

Für materielle Unterstützung in Form eines Promotionsstipendiums möchte ich mir vor allem bei der Stiftung Bildung und Wissenschaft im Stifterverband für die Deutsche Wissenschaft bedanken. Die aufwändigen Archivrecherchen in den USA und Großbritannien waren nur dank der finanziellen Förderung seitens des DHI in Washington, D.C., des Deutschen Akademischen Austauschdienstes (DAAD) und der Lyndon B. Johnson Foundation durchführbar. Eine

großzügige Förderung des Schweizerischen Nationalfonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (SNF) ermöglichte die Open-Access-Publikation.

Ohne die kompetenten Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter in den Archiven und Bibliotheken wäre eine solche Forschungsarbeit nicht zu bewerkstelligen – ihnen gebührt mein Dank für Wegleitungen und ihre Nachsicht für meine häufig kaum zu befriedigenden Wünsche nach Zugang zu Dokumentenbeständen. Auf meinen Forschungsreisen traf ich allerortens auf echte Gastfreundschaft, doch nirgendwo fühlte ich mich so wohl wie in Austin, Texas, nicht zuletzt dank Amy Thompson, die uns auch Jahre später das Gefühl gab, nie weg gewesen zu sein.

Ohne gute Freunde lässt sich ein solches Projekt kaum erfolgreich zu Ende führen: Meine Freunde und ehemalige Kollegen an der ETH, Christopher Findlay, Ursula Jasper, Anna Locher und Victor Mauer trugen mich mit Wissen und Humor durch Täler intellektueller Trostlosigkeit. Sven Adelt (), Carsten Binsack, Simone Derix, Till Hanisch, Dirk Müller, Alexander Schönhuth und Andrea Taormina begleite(te)n mich seit vielen Jahren und erdulde(te)n meine Eigenheiten. Dirk nahm zudem das Martyrium des Korrekturlesens auf sich. Pamela Rooney und Lorraine Traynor danke ich für die herzliche Aufnahme in die Familie. Meinen verstorbenen Eltern, Rosa und Ludwig Popp, verdanke ich eine sorgenfreie Kindheit und ihre Unterstützung trotz berechtigter Bedenken angesichts der beruflichen Entscheidungen ihres Sohnes. Unsere Kinder Róisín und Sean gaben dem Leben Sinn und schenkten meinem Buchprojekt die Aufmerksamkeit, die es sicherlich verdient. Vor allem aber möchte ich Sinéad danken, die nie den Glauben an mich verlor. Wer so viel Glück in der Liebe hat, kann im Leben nicht verlieren: Tiocfaidh ár lá.

663

Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis

1. Archivmaterialien

1.1. USA

National Archives at College Park, Maryland [NACP]

Record Group [RG] 59: Central Files of the Department of State

Decimal Files: 1945-1949 1950-1954 1955-1959 1960-1963 Subject-Numeric Files: 1963 1964-1966 1967-1969 1970-1973 Central Foreign Policy File [CFPF]: 1973-1979

Record Group [RG] 59: Office or Lot Files of the Department of State

Bureau of Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs [bis 1958: and African Affairs] [NEA] MLR Entry #A1 457 Records of the Military Adviser, 1945-1950; NEA Lot 66 D 115/Lot 66 D 10 Records of the Officer in Charge of Economic Affairs, 1947-1963; Office of Near Eastern Affairs (NE); NEA Lot 54 D 363 Iranian Files, 1947-1950; Office of Greek, Turkish, and Iranian Affairs [GTI]; NEA Lot 57 D 155 Subject Files, 1947-1954, GTI/NEA Lot 61 D 48 Records Relating to the Arabian Peninsula, 1948-1959; Office of the Officer-in- Charge, Arabian Peninsula Affairs; NE/NEA Lot 53 D 468 Office Files of Assistant Secretary of State George C. McGhee, 1949-1951 Lot 60 D 533

Subject Files Relating to Iran, 1951-1958; Office of the Officer-in-Charge [OiCIA], Iranian Affairs; GTI/NEA Lot 61 D 260 Subject Files Relating to the Arabian Peninsula, 1952-1960; NE/NEA Lot 65 D 365 Records Relating to the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO), 1956-1965; NEA Lot 62 D 435/Lot 63 D 33/Lot 64 D 73/Lot 65 D 28 Records of the Director, 1958-1963; NE/NEA Lot 63 D 59/Lot 63 D 80/Lot 63 D 81/Lot 64 D 62/Lot 65 D 4/Lot 66 D 116 Records of the Arabian Peninsula Affairs Desk, 1958-1963 [ARP], 1958-1963; NE/NEA Lot 61 D 43 Office Files Relating to Middle Eastern Affairs, 1958-1959; NE/NEA Lot 61 D 407 Supplemental Subject Files Relating to Iran, 1956-1959; Records of the OiCIA; GTI/NEA Lot 64 D 493/Lot 65 D 538/Lot 66 D 173/Lot 66 D 458/Lot 68 D 25/Lot 68 D 51/Lot 68 D 100 Records of the Iranian Affairs Desk [RIAD], 1958-1963; GTI/NEA Lot 75 D 175 Subject Files, 1958-1966, Records Relating to Military Affairs, 1962-1970; Office of Near Eastern, South Asian Regional Affairs (NR); NEA Lot 69 D 30/Lot 69 D 95/Lot 69 D 178/Lot 69 D 225/ Lot 69 D 425/Lot 69 D 426/Lot 69 D 482/Lot 69 D 484/Lot 69 D 489/Lot 69 D 490/Lot 69 D 491/Lot 69 D 513/Lot 69 D 524/Lot 69 D 530/Lot 70 D 330 Records Relating to Iran, 1964-1966; Office of the Country Director for Iran (IRN); NEA Lot 67 D 120 Records Relating to Arabian Peninsula Affairs, 1964-1966; Office of the Country Director for Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Yemen and Aden (ARP); NEA Lot 67 D 410/Lot 68 D 117 Subject files, 1965-1966; Records of the Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs; NEA Lot 80 D 234 Top Secret Records Relating to Political and Military Affairs; Office of the Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs; 1965- 1973; NEA Lot 70 D 552/Lot 71 D 2/Lot 71 D 508/Lot 72 D 7/Lot 73 D 70/Lot 75 D 351/Lot 75 D 365/Lot 75 D 410/Lot 76 D 169/Lot 76 D 289/Lot 76 D 470/Lot 76 D 482/Lot 76 D 486/Lot 77 D 400 Records Relating to Iran, 1965-1975; IRN/NEA Lot 71 D 384/Lot 73 D 376/Lot 74 D 280/Lot 74 D 281/Lot 76 D 377 Subject Files of Rodger P. Davies, 1967-74; Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary; NEA

665 Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis

Office of the Under Secretary of State Lot 71 D 462 Subject Files, 1961-1963; Records of the Office of the Special Assistant to the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs Lot 74 D 272 Records of Under Secretary of State George W. Ball, 1961-1966 Lot 67 D 554 Records of the Special Assistant to the Under Secretary for Political Affairs, 1963-1965

Politico-Military Affairs [G/PM] MLR Entry A1 3063 Memorandums Relating to the Military Defense Assistance Program (MDAP) and Related Activities, 1959-1963; Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs; Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Politico-Military Affairs [G/PM] Lot 65 D 172 Correspondence Concerning the Establishment and Defense of U.S. Military and Naval Bases Overseas, 1957-1963; G/PM Lot 70 D 328 Top Secret Records of Meetings Between Representatives of the Department of State and the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1959-1963; G/PM Lot 66 D 117/Lot 67 D 195 Subject Files, 1961-1968; G/PM Lot 67 D 229/Lot 67 D 496/Lot 67 D 499 Combined Policy Office, Subject Files 1961-1966; G/PM Lot 67 D 495 Subject Files, 1962-1966; Office of the Director for Operations; G/PM Lot 72 D 504 Subject Files, 1969-1971; Office of International Security Policy and Planning; Files of the Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs (PM)

Office of the Executive Secretariat MLR Entry A1 396-F White House Daily Summary, 1946-50; General Records of the Office of the Executive Secretariat Lot 62 D 430 Records Relating to State Dept. Participation in the Operations Coordinating Board and the National Security Council, 1947-1963, Regional and Country Operations Files, 1953-1961; Office of the Executive Secretariat Lot 66 D 110

666 Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis

Conference Files, 1949-1972, Records of Official Visits by Heads of Government and Foreign Ministers to the United States; Office of the Executive Secretariat Lot 74 D 416 Briefing Books, 1958-1976; Office of the Executive Secretariat Lot 70 D 265 NSC Meeting Files and Policy Reports, 1959-1966; Office of the Executive Secretariat Lot 70 D 263 Senior Interdepartmental Group (SIG) Files, 1966-1969; Office of the Executive Secretariat MLR Entry A1 5002 General Files on National Security Council (NSC) Matters, 1/1969-12/1972

Policy Planning [S/P] Lot 67 D 548 Records of the Policy Planning Staff [S/P], 1957-1961 Lot 69 D 121 Records of the Policy Planning Council [S/P], 1962 Lot 70 D 199 Files of the Policy Planning Council [S/P], 1963-1964 Lot 72 D 139 Subject and Country Files, 1965-1969; Policy Planning Council [S/P]

Miscellaneous Records Lot 67 D 44 Records of Loy W. Henderson, 1948-1959 Lot 61 D 288 Office Files of John O. Bell, 1957-61; Office of the Deputy Director for Program and Planning (Special Assistant for Mutual Security Coordination) Lot 69 D 303 Records of Robert W. Komer, 1948-1968 Lot 74 D 131/Lot 76 D 251 Records of Joseph Sisco, 1951-1976 Lot 68 D 451 Records of the Special Group (Counter-Insurgency) [SG (CI)], 1962-1966 Lot 69 D 60-003 Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) Files, 1958-1966; Office of International Scientific and Technological Affairs

Record Group [RG] 84: Foreign Service Posts of the Department of State Confidential U.S. Diplomatic Post Records, Iran 1942-1944

667 Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis

Iran, Tehran Embassy, Top Secret Telegrams Sent and Received 1945-1949 Iran, Tehran Embassy, “TOP SECRET“ File. 1946-49

Record Group [RG] 218: Records of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1941-1977 Central Decimal File Geographic File

Record Group [RG] 226: Records of the Office of Strategic Services, 1940-1946 Previously Withdrawn Material, Entries 210-217

Record Group [RG] 263: Records of the Central Intelligence Agency, 1894-2002 History of Allen Welsh Dulles as Director of Central Intelligence

Record Group [RG] 273: Records of the National Security Council, 1947-1969 Record Set of NSC Policy Papers National Security Action Memorandum [NSAM] Files National Security Study Memorandum [NSSM] Files National Security Decision Memorandum [NSDM] Files Official Meeting Minutes Records of the Operations Coordinating Board [OCB]

Record Group [RG] 330: Records of the Office of the Secretary of Defense, 1921-1995 Records of the Office of the Assistant Secretary for International Security Affairs [OASD/ISA] National Security Council Files, 1947-1961; Coordinating Division Project Decimal Files, 1953; Office of Military Assistance General and Country Files, 1961 [Entry 64 A 2382] General and Country Files, 1962 [Entry 65 A 3501]

Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library [DDEL], Abilene, Kansas

Presidential Papers of Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1953-1961/Ann Whitman File [AWF] Ann Whitman Diary Series DDE Diary Series Dulles-Herter Series International Series NSC Series

White House Office [WHO], Office of the Special Assistant for National Security Affairs: Records [OSANSA], 1952-61 NSC Series Briefing Notes Subseries OCB Series Administrative Subseries

668 Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis

Special Assistant Series Chronological Subseries Presidential Subseries Subject Subseries

White House Office [WHO], National Security Council Staff [NSCS]: Papers, 1948-61 Disaster File Series Executive Secretary’s Subject File Series OCB Central File Series Psychological Strategy Board (PSB) Central Files Series Special Staff File Series

White House Office [WHO], Office of the Staff Secretary [SS]: Records, 1952-61 International Series

John Foster Dulles Papers [JFDP], 1951-59 General Correspondence and Memoranda Series Gerard C. Smith Series Personnel Series Special Assistants Chronological Series Telephone Conversations Series White House Memoranda Series

John F. Kennedy Presidential Library [JFKL], Boston, Massachusetts

National Security Files [NSF], 1961-1963 Carl Kaysen Series Charles Johnson Series Countries Series Departments and Agencies [D&A] Series Meetings and Memoranda [M&M] Series Regional Security Files Series Robert W. Komer [RWK] Series Subjects Series Trips and Conferences Series

President’s Office Files [POF], 1961-1963 Countries Series Speech Files Series Staff Memoranda Series

Personal Papers of George W. Ball, 1961-1963 Memoranda of Telephone Conversations, 1961-1963

Personal Papers of Arthur M. Schlesinger, 1939-1969 Speech File, 1961-1964

Personal Papers of Theodore C. Sorensen, 1934-1998 JFK Speech Files, 1961-1963

669 Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis

Oral Histories

Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Library [LBJL], Austin, Texas

National Security File [NSF], 1963-1969 Agency File Country File Files of Harold H. Saunders [FHHS] Files of Robert W. Komer [FRWK] Intelligence File Name File National Intelligence Estimates Special Head of State Correspondence [SHSC] Files Subject File

Special Files, 1927-1973 Administrative Histories Handwriting File

Declassified and Sanitized Documents From Unprocessed Files [DSDUF]

Lyndon Baines Johnson Achives, 1927-1967 LBJA Subject File

Vice Presidential Papers, 1961-1963 Vice Presidential Security Files

White House Central Files, 1963-1969 Confidential File Subject Files

Personal and Organizational Papers Papers of George W. Ball, 1963-1966 Papers of Robert W. Komer

Oral Histories

Richard M. Nixon Presidential Library [RMNL], Yorba Linda, California

National Security Council Files [NSCF], 1969-1974 Country Files – Middle East Henry A. Kissinger (HAK) Office Files Country Files – Middle East HAK Administrative and Staff Files Name Files Presidential Correspondence President's Trip Files VIP Visits

670 Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis

Library of Congress [LOC], Manuscript Division, Washington, DC

Papers of William O. Douglas Papers of Alexander M. Haig Papers of W. Averell Harriman Papers of Loy W. Henderson Papers of Paul H. Nitze Papers of William E. Odom Papers of Archibald Roosevelt Papers of James R. Schlesinger

National Security Archive, Gelman Library, George Washington University, Washington, DC

Iran Collection Papers of Edward G. Lansdale

Georgetown University Library [GUL], Special Collections Division, Washington, DC

Papers of Raymond A. Hare Papers of Martin F. Herz Papers of Armin Meyer Papers of Richard M. Helms

Foreign Affairs Oral History Project [FAOH] [inzwischen zugänglich über https://www.loc.gov/collections/foreign-affairs-oral-history]

Foundation for Iranian Studies – The Oral History of Iran Collection of the Foundation for Iranian Studies [OHIC], Bethesda, Maryland

Internetressourcen/Oral History Collections:

Harvard University Center for Middle Eastern Studies – Iranian Oral History Project [IOHP], Boston, Massachusetts [verfügbar auf http://ted.lib.harvard. edu/ted/deliver/home?_collection=iohp] Oral History Collection [OH-HSTL] Harry S. Truman Presidential Library, Independence, Missouri [verfügbar auf https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/oral_his.htm]

Internetressourcen/Datenbanken:

Central Intelligence Agency [CIA], Freedom of Information Act [FOIA] Electronic Reading Room [verfügbar auf www.foia.cia.gov]

671 Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis

CIA Records Search Tool [CREST] General Database Historical Collections The CAESAR, POLO and ESAU Papers A Life in Intelligence: The Richard Helms Collection [CIA-Helms]

U.S. Department of State, FOIA Virtual Reading Room [verfügbar auf http://foia.state.gov /Search/Collections.aspx] Henry Kissinger Telephone Transcripts (1973-1976) [State:HKTT]

U.S. Department of Defense, The Office of the Secretary of Defense and Joint Staff FOIA Requester Service Center, Reading Room [verfügbar auf http://www.esd.whs .mil/FOID/Reading-Room]

Interagency Security Classification Appeals Panel [ISCAP], [verfügbar auf https://www .archives.gov/declassification/iscap/decision-table]

Digital National Security Archive [DNSA] [verfügbar über ProQuest/DFG-Nationallizenzen] Iran: The Making of U.S. Policy, 1977-1980 [1990] The Kissinger Telephone Conversations: A Verbatim Record of U.S. Diplomacy, 1969- 1977 [DNSA:HAKTelCons] [2008]

Declassified Documents Reference System [DDRS], Washington, DC, 1975-2015 {ab 2015 U.S. Declassified Documents Online}[verfügbar über DFG-Nationallizenzen]

Internetressourcen/Unveröffentlichte Studien:

CIA [Donald N. Wilber], Clandestine Service History: Overthrow of Premier Mossadeq of Iran, November 1952- August 1953, 1954. CIA, ‚The Battle for Iran‘, ca. 1975. CIA, "Zendebad, Shah!": The Central Intelligence Agency and the Fall of Iranian Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadeq, August 1953, 1998.

HISTORICAL DIVISION, JOINT SECRETARIAT, JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF, The Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Development of US Policy Toward Iran 1946-1978, 31 March 1980, The Office of the Secretary of Defense and Joint Staff FOIA Requester Service Center, Reading Room.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, BUREAU OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS, OFFICE OF THE HISTORIAN, History of the National Security Council, 1947-1997, August 1997, online auf www.whitehouse.gov/nsc/history.html.

672 Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis

1.2. Großbritannien

The National Archives of the UK (TNA): Public Record Office (PRO); Kew, Richmond

Records of the Prime Minister’s Office PREM 11: Correspondence and Papers, 1951-1964 PREM 13: Correspondence and Papers, 1944-1970 PREM 15: Correspondence and Papers, 1970-1974

Records of the Cabinet Office CAB 21: Cabinet Office and Predecessors: Registered Files (1916-1965) CAB 121: Special Secret Information Centre: Files 1939-1955 CAB 128: Cabinet: Minutes, 1945-1980 CAB 129: Cabinet: Memoranda, 1945-1980 CAB 130: Cabinet: Miscellaneous Committees: Minutes and Papers (GEN, MISC and REF Series) CAB 134: Cabinet: Miscellaneous Committees: Minutes and Papers (General Series) CAB 148: Cabinet Office: Defence and Oversea Policy Committees and Sub- Committees: Minutes and Papers CAB 158: Central Intelligence Machinery: Joint Intelligence Committee: Memoranda, 1947-1968 CAB 164: Cabinet Office: Subject (Theme Series) Files CAB 186: Cabinet Office: Central Intelligence Machinery: Joint Intelligence Committee: Memoranda CAB 188: Cabinet Office: Central Intelligence Machinery: Joint Intelligence Committee (B) and Overseas Economic Intelligence Committee: Minutes, Memoranda and Other Documents

Records of Foreign Office and Foreign and Commonwealth Office FO 248: Embassy and Consulates, Iran (formerly Persia): General Correspondence, 1807-1970 FO 371: Political Departments: General Correspondence from 1906-1966 FO 416: Confidential Print Persia (Iran) FCO 8: Arabian Department and Middle East Department: Registered Files (B and NB Series)

Records of the Treasury T 312: Finance Overseas and Co-ordination Division

673 Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis

Records of the Ministry of Defence DEFE 6: Chiefs of Staff Committee: Reports of the Joint Planning Staff and Successors

Records of the Air Ministry, the Royal Air Force, and related bodies AIR 8: Department of the Chief of the Air Staff: Registered Files

1.3. Deutschland

Politisches Archiv des Auswärtigen Amtes [PA AA], Berlin

Bestand Auswärtiges Amt der Bundesrepublik Deutschland Länderabteilung (B11) Ostabteilung (B12) Länderreferate Naher und Mittlerer Osten (B36)

Bestand Ministerium für Auswärtige Angelegenheiten [MfAA]

Stiftung Archiv der Parteien und Massenorganisationen der DDR im Bundesarchiv, Berlin [SAPMO-BArch]

DY 30: Zentralkomitee der SED / Abteilung Internationale Verbindungen, 1946-1990

Bundesbeauftragter für die Unterlagen des Staatssicherheitsdienstes der ehemaligen DDR, Berlin [BStU]

HA XXII: Hauptabteilung XII („Terrorabwehr“) HV A: Hauptverwaltung Aufklärung

2. Veröffentlichte Quellen und Dokumentensammlungen

United States, Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States [FRUS] 1942: Vol. IV: The Near East and Africa, Washington, DC 1963. 1943: Vol. IV: The Near East and Africa, Washington, DC 1964. 1944: Vol. V: The Near East, South Asia, and Africa. The Far East, Washington, DC 1965. 1945:

674 Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis

Vol. VIII: The Near East and Africa, Washington, DC 1969. 1945-1950: Retrospective Volume: Emergence of the Intelligence Establishment, Washington, DC 1996. 1946: Vol. VII: The Near East and Africa, Washington, DC 1969. 1947:

Vol. I: General; The United Nations, Washington, DC 1973. Vol. III: The British Commonwealth; Europe, Washington, DC 1972. Vol. V: The Near East and Africa, Washington, DC 1971. 1948:

Vol. IV: Eastern Europe; The Soviet Union, Washington, DC 1974. Vol. V: The Near East, South Asia, and Africa (in two parts), Washington, DC 1975. 1949: Vol. VI: The Near East, South Asia, and Africa, Washington, DC 1977. 1950:

Vol. I: National Security Affairs, Foreign Economic Policy, Washington, DC 1977. Vol. III: Western Europe, Washington, DC 1977. Vol. V: The Near East, South Asia, and Africa, Washington, DC 1978. 1950-1955: Retrospective Volume: The Intelligence Community, Washington, DC 2007. 1951: Vol. V: The Near East and Africa, Washington, DC 1982. 1951-1954: Retrospective Volume: Iran, 1951-1954, Washington, DC 2017. 1952-1954:

Vol. II: National Security Affairs, Washington, DC 1984. Vol. VI: Western Europe and Canada, Washington, DC 1986. Vol. IX: The Near and Middle East, Washington, DC 1986. Vol. X: Iran, 1951-1954, Washington, DC 1989. 1955-1957:

Vol. X: Foreign Aid and Economic Defense Policy, Washington, DC 1989. Vol. XII: Near East Region; Iran; Iraq, Washington, DC 1991. Vol. XV: Arab-Israeli Dispute, January 1-July 26, 1956, Washington, DC 1989. Vol. XVI: Suez Crisis, July 26-December 31, 1956, Washington, DC 1990. Vol. XVII: Arab-Israeli Dispute, 1957, Washington, DC 1990. Vol. XXVII: Western Europe and Canada, Washington, DC 1992. 1958-1960:

Vol. III: National Security Policy; Arms Control and Disarmament, Washington, DC 1996. Vol. IV: Foreign Economic Policy, Washington, DC 1992. Vol. XI: Lebanon and Jordan, Washington, DC 1992. Vol. XII: Near East Region; Iraq; Iran; Arabian Peninsula, Washington, DC 1993. Vol. XIII: Arab-Israeli Dispute; United Arab Republic; North Africa, Washington, DC 1992. Vol. XVI: East Asia-Pacific Region; Cambodia; Laos, Washington, DC 1992.

675 Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis

1961-1963:

Vol. I: Vietnam, 1961, Washington, DC 1988. Vol. V: Soviet Union, Washington, DC 1998. Vol. VIII: National Security Policy, Washington, DC 1996. Vol. IX: Foreign Economic Policy, Washington, DC 1995. Vol. X: Cuba, 1961-1962, Washington, DC 1997. Vol. XII: American Republics, Washington, DC 1996. Vol. XVII: Near East, 1961-1962, Washington, DC 1994. Vol. XVIII: Near East, 1962-1963, Washington, DC 1995. Vol. XIX: South Asia, Washington, DC 1996. Vol. XXI: Africa, Washington, DC 1995. Vol. XXV: Organization of Foreign Policy; Information Policy; United Nations; Scientific Matters, Washington, DC 2001. Vol. VII, VIII, IX: Arms Control; National Security Policy; Foreign Economic Policy: Microfiche Supplement, Washington, DC 1997. Vol. XVII, XVIII, XX, XXI: Near East, Africa: Microfiche Supplement, Washington, DC 1996. 1964-1968:

Vol. IX: International Development and Economic Defense Policy; Commodities, Washington, DC 1997. Vol. X: National Security Policy, Washington, DC 2001. Vol. XII: Western Europe, Washington, DC 2001. Vol. XVIII: Arab-Israeli Dispute, 1964-67, Washington, DC 2000. Vol. XXI: Near East Region; Arabian Peninsula, Washington, DC 2000. Vol. XXII: Iran, Washington, DC 1999. Vol. XXV: South Asia, Washington, DC 2000. Vol. XXVII: Mainland Southeast Asia; Regional Affairs, Washington, DC 2000. Vol. XXXIII: Organization and Management of Foreign Policy; United Nations, Washington, DC 2004. Vol. XXXIV: Energy Diplomacy and Global Issues, Washington, DC 1999. 1969-1976:

Vol. II: Organization and Management of U.S. Foreign Policy, 1969-1972, Washington, DC 2006. Vol. IV: Foreign Assistance, International Development, Trade Policies, 1969-1972, Washington, DC 2002. Vol. XXIV: Middle East Region and Arabian Peninsula, 1969-1972, Washington, DC 2008. Vol. XXVII: Iran; Iraq, 1973-1976, Washington, DC 2012. Vol. XXXVI: Energy Crisis, 1969-1974, Washington, DC 2011. Vol. XXXVII: Energy Crisis, 1974-1980, Washington, DC 2012. Vol. E-4: Documents on Iran and Iraq, 1969-1972, Washington, DC 2006.

U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian, Toward „Thorough, Accurate, and Reliable“: A History of the Foreign Relations of the United States Series, Washington, DC 2015.

Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States [PPP] [Bände von Truman bis Nixon verfügbar auf https://quod.lib.umich.edu/p/ppotpus]

676 Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis

Congressional Publications

U.S. CONGRESS, JOINT ECONOMIC COMMITTEE, Economic Consequences of the Revolution in Iran, Washington, DC 1979.

U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS, United States Aid Operations in Iran, Washington, DC 1957.

U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, PERMANENT SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE, SUBCOMMITTEE ON EVALUATION, Staff Report: Iran: Evaluation of U.S. Intelligence Performance Prior to November 1978, Washington, DC 1979.

U.S. SENATE, COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS, The Legislative Origins of American Foreign Policy, Vol. 3: Legislative Origins of the Truman Doctrine, New York/London 1979.

U.S. SENATE, COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS, Executive Sessions of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Volume XIX, Ninetieth Congress, First Session, 1967, Washington, DC 2007.

U.S. SENATE, SUBCOMMITTEE ON FOREIGN ASSISTANCE OF THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS, U.S. Military Sales to Iran, Washington, DC 1976.

Muslim Students Following the Line of the Imam, Documents From the U.S. Espionage Den {Asnād-e Lāne-je Ğāsusi} [Asnād] 77 Bände, Teheran 1980-1991.

United States, Documentary History of the Truman Presidency

Volume 8: The Truman Doctrine and the Beginning of the Cold War, 1947-1949, hrsg v. Dennis MERRILL, Bethesda, MD 1996.

Great Britain, Documents on British Policy Overseas [DBPO] Series I: 1945-1950:

Volume I: The Conference at Potsdam, July – August 1945, hrsg. v. Rohan BUTLER/M. E. PELLY/H. J. YASAMEE, London 1984. Volume II: Conferences and Conversations 1945: London, Washington and Moscow, hrsg. v. Roger BULLEN/M. E. PELLY, London 1985. Volume VII: United Nations: Iran, Cold War and World Organization, 2 January 1946-13 January 1947, hrsg. v. H. J. YASAMEE/K. A. HAMILTON, London 1995. Series II: 1950-1960: Volume II: The London Conferences: Anglo-American Relations and Cold War Strategy, January – June 1950, hrsg. v. H. J. YASAMEE/G. BENNETT, London 1987. Series III: 1960-:

Volume I: Britain and the Soviet Union, hrsg. v. G. BENNETT/K. A. HAMILTON, London 1997.

Great Britain, British Documents on the End of Empire [BDEE] Series A, Volume 2: The Labour Government and the End of Empire 1945-1951:

Part I: High Policy and Administration, hrsg. v. Ronald HYAM, London 1992. Series A, Volume 3: The Conservative Government and the End of Empire 1951-1957:

Part I: International Relations, hrsg. v. David GOLDSWORTHY, London 1994. Series A, Volume 4: The Conservative Government and the End of Empire 1957-1964:

Part I: High Policy, Political and Constitutional Change, hrsg. v. Ronald HYAM/William Roger LOUIS, London 2000.

677 Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis

Part II: Economics, International Relations, and the Commonwealth, hrsg. v. Ronald HYAM/William Roger LOUIS, London 2000. Series A, Volume 5: East of Suez and the Commonwealth 1964-1971:

Part I: East of Suez, hrsg. v. Stephen R. ASHTON/William Roger LOUIS, London 2004. Series B, Volume 4: Egypt and the Defence of the Middle East:

Part II: 1949-1953, hrsg. v. John KENT, London 1998.

Part III: 1953-1956, hrsg. v. John KENT, London 1998.

Great Britain, British Documents on Foreign Affairs: Reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print [FOCP] Part III: from 1940 through 1945, Series B: Near and Middle East:

Volume 9: Eastern Affairs, July 1944-March 1945, hrsg. v. Malcolm YAPP, Frederick, MD 1997. Part IV: from 1946 through 1950, Series B: Near and Middle East: Volume 3: Afghanistan, Persia and Turkey, January 1947-December 1947, hrsg. v. Malcolm YAPP, Frederick, MD 2001.

Volume 7: Afghanistan, Iraq, Persia and Turkey, January 1949-December 1949, hrsg. v. Malcolm YAPP, Frederick, MD 2002.

Volume 9: Afghanistan, Persia, Turkey and Iraq, January 1950-December 1950, hrsg. v. Malcolm YAPP, Frederick, MD 2002. Part V: from 1951 through 1956, Series B: Near and Middle East: Volume 5: Afghanistan, Turkey, Persia, Iraq and The Middle East (General), 1953, hrsg. v. Bülent GÖKAY, Frederick, MD 2007.

Volume 7: Afghanistan, Turkey, Persia, Iraq and Levant (General), 1954, hrsg. v. Bülent GÖKAY, Frederick, MD 2008.

Weitere Quelleneditionen:

ALEXANDER, Yonah/Allan NANES (Hrsg.), The United States and Iran: A Documentary History, Frederick, MD 1980.

BOYLE, Peter G. (Hrsg.), The Eden-Eisenhower Correspondence, 1955-1957, Chapel Hill, NC/London 2005.

BOYLE, Peter G. (Hrsg.), The Churchill-Eisenhower Correspondence, 1953-1955, Chapel Hill, NC/London 1990.

CONFEDERATION OF IRANIAN STUDENTS (NATIONAL UNION), Documents on Iranian Secret Police SAVAK, o.O. 1976.

DAVIS, Michael (Hrsg.), Confidential U.S. State Department Central Files: Iran, 1945-1949 [Mikrofilme], Frederick, MD 1985.

DMYTRYSHYN, Basil/Frederick COX (Hrsg.), The Soviet Union and the Middle East: A Documentary Record of Afghanistan, Iran and Turkey, 1917-1985, Princeton, NJ 1987.

GEELHOED, E. Bruce/Anthony O. EDMONDS (Hrsg.), The Macmillan-Eisenhower Correspondence, 1957-1969, New York 2005.

KIMBALL, Warren F. (Hrsg.), Churchill & Roosevelt: The Complete Correspondence, 3 Bände, Princeton, NJ 1984.

NEVINS, Allan (Hrsg.), The Strategy of Peace, New York 1960.

SORENSEN, Theodore C. (Hrsg.), ’Let the Word Go Forth’: the Speeches, Statements, and Writings of John F. Kennedy, 1947-1963, New York 1988. The National Security Strategy of the United States of America, März 2006 [verfügbar auf https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/64884.pdf].

678 Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis

The Presidential Recordings: John F. Kennedy: The Great Crises, Volume I: July 30-August 1962, hrsg. v. Timothy NAFTALI, New York/London 2001. U.N. Secretariat, Treaty Series.

Quelleneditionen im Internet: National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Books (zitiert als NSArch EBBooks).

SIEGEL, Daniel/Malcolm BYRNE (Hrsg.), CIA Declassifies More of “Zendbad, Shah!” – Internal Study of 1953 Iran Coup (No. 618), 2018; verfügbar auf https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/iran/2018-02- 12/cia-declassifies-more-zendebad-shah-internal-study-1953-iran-coup.

BYRNE, Malcolm/Mark GASIOROWSKI (Hrsg.), 1953 Iran Coup: New U.S. Documents Confirm British Approached U.S. in Late 1952 About Ousting Mosaddeq (No. 601), 2017; verfügbar auf https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/iran/2017-08-08/1953-iran-coup-new-us-documents- confirm-british-approached-us-late.

BYRNE, Malcolm (Hrsg.), Iran 1953: State Department Finally Releases Updated Official History of Mosaddeq Coup (No. 598), 2017; verfügbar auf https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB598-State- Department-releases-documents-on-US-backed-1953-coup-in-Iran/.

BYRNE, Malcolm/William BURR (Hrsg.), Iran’s Nuclear Program – Then and Now (No. 521), 2015; verfügbar auf https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/nukevault/ebb521-Irans-Nuclear-Program-1975-vs-2015/.

BYRNE, Malcolm (Hrsg.), Iran 1953: US Envoy to Baghdad Suggested to Fleeing Shah He Not Acknowledge Foreign Role in Coup (No. 477), 2014; verfügbar auf http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB477.

BYRNE, Malcolm (Hrsg.), The Battle for Iran, 1953: Re-Release of CIA Internal History Spotlights New Details about anti-Mosaddeq Coup (No. 476), 2014; verfügbar auf http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB4776.

BYRNE, Malcolm (Hrsg.), Iran 1953: The Strange Odyssey of Kermit Roosevelt's Countercoup (No. 468), 2014; verfügbar auf http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB468.

BYRNE, Malcolm (Hrsg.), CIA Confirms Role in 1953 Iran Coup (No. 435), 2013; verfügbar auf http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB435.

PRADOS, John (Hrsg.), The Last NSAM Standing: Deconstructing a Secrecy Blunder: A Study in Dysfunction (No. 342), 2011; verfügbar auf https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu /NSAEBB/NSAEBB342.

BURR, William (Hrsg.), U.S.-Iran Nuclear Negotiations in 1970s Featured Shah's Nationalism and U.S. Weapons Worries (No. 268), 2009; verfügbar auf https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/nukevault/ebb268.

BLANTON, Thomas (Hrsg.), The CIA’s Family Jewels: Agency Violated Charter for 25 Years, Wiretapped Journalists and Dissidents (No. 222), 2007, verfügbar auf https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB222.

BYRNE, Malcolm /MARK J. GASIOROWSKI (Hrsg.), Mohammad Mosaddeq and the 1953 Coup in Iran (No. 126), 2004; verfügbar auf http://nsarchive.gwu.edu /NSAEBB/NSAEBB126.

BATTLE, Joyce (Hrsg.), U.S. Propaganda in the Middle East – The Early Cold War Version (No. 78), 2002; verfügbar auf https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu//NSAEBB/NSAEBB78.

BYRNE, Malcolm (Hrsg.), The Secret CIA History of the Iran Coup, 1953 (No. 28), 2000; verfügbar auf http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB28.

BURR, William (Hrsg.), Documents on U.S. Atomic Energy Detection System (No. 7), 1998; verfügbar auf https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu//NSAEBB/NSAEBB7.

679 Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis

3. Tagebücher und Memoiren

ACHESON, Dean, Present at the Creation: My Years in the State Department, London 1969.

ACHESON, Dean, Power and Diplomacy, Cambridge, MA/London 1958.

ALAM, Asadollah, The Shah and I: The Confidential Diary of Iran’s Royal Court, 1969-1977, hrsg. v. Alinaghi ALIKHANI, London 1991.

ALGAR, Hamid (Hrsg), Islam and Revolution: Writings and Declarations of Imam Khomeini, Berkeley, CA 1981.

‛ĀLIXĀNI, ‛Alinaġi (Hrsg.), Jāddāšthā-je ‛Alam, 7 Bände, Bethesda, MD 1993-2014.

BALL, George W., The Past Has Another Pattern: Memoirs, New York/London 1982.

BAYNE, Edward A., Persian Kingship in Transition: Conversations with a Monarch Whose Office is Traditional and Whose Goal is Modernization, New York 1968.

BERLE, Beatrice Bishop/Travis Beal JACOBS (Hrsg.), Navigating the Rapids, 1918-1971: From the Papers of Adolf A. Berle, New York 1973.

BISSELL, JR., Richard M., Reflections of a Cold Warrior: From Yalta to the Bay of Pigs, New Haven, CT/London 1996.

BOWLES, Chester, Promises to Keep: My Years in Public Life, 1941-1969, New York u.a. 1971.

BULLARD, Reader, Letters from Tehran: a British Ambassador in World War II Persia, hrsg. v. E. C. HODGKIN, London/New York 1991.

CATTERALL, Peter (Hrsg.), The Macmillan Diaries: The Cabinet Years, 1950-1957, London 2003.

CATTERALL, Peter (Hrsg.), The Macmillan Diaries: Prime Minister and After, 1957-66, London 2011.

CLIFFORD, Clark M., with Richard HOLBROOKE, Counsel to the President: a Memoir, New York 1991.

COPELAND, Miles, The Game Player: Confessions of the CIA’s Original Political Operative, London 1989.

COPELAND, Miles, The Game of Nations: The Amorality of Power Politics, 5. Aufl., London 1970.

COSTIGLIOLA, Frank (Hrsg.), The Kennan Diaries, New York/London 2014.

DAUGHERTY, William J., In the Shadow of the Ayatollah: A CIA Hostage in Iran, Annapolis, MD 2001.

DE MARENCHES, Alexandre/David A. ADELMAN, The Fourth World War: Diplomacy and Espionage in the Age of Terrorism, New York 1992.

DOUGLAS, William O., The Court Years, 1939-1975, New York 1980.

EBTEHĀĞ, Abu l-Hasan, Xāterāt-e Abu l-Hasan Ebtehāğ, 2 Bände, Teheran 1992.

EVELAND, Wilbur Crane, Ropes of Sand: America’s Failure in the Middle East, London/New York 1980.

FALLE, Sam, My Lucky Life: In War, Revolution, Peace and Diplomacy, Lewes, Sussex 1996.

FARDUST, Hussein, The Rise and Fall of the Pahlavi Dynasty: Memoirs of Former General Hussein Fardust, übersetzt von Ali Akbar DAREINI, Delhi 1999.

FARMANFARMAIAN, Manucher and Roxane, Blood and Oil: Memoirs of a Persian Prince, New York 1997.

FERRELL, Robert H. (Hrsg.), Off the Record: the Private Papers of Harry S. Truman, New York u.a. 1980.

GALBRAITH, John Kenneth, A Life in Our Times: Memoirs, Boston 1981.

GALBRAITH, John Kenneth, Ambassador’s Journal: A Personal Account of the Kennedy Years, London 1969.

GARTHOFF, Raymond L., A Journey Through the Cold War: A Memoir of Containment and Coexistence, Washington, DC 2001.

GHANI, Cyrus (Hrsg.), A Man of Many Worlds: The Memoirs & Diaries of Dr. Ghasem Ghani, Washington, DC 2006.

GOODWIN, Richard N., Remembering America: A Voice from the Sixties, Boston/Toronto 1988.

GRADY, Henry F., The Memoirs of Ambassador Henry F. Grady: From the Great War to the Cold War, hrsg. v. John T. MCNAY, Columbia, MO 2009.

680 Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis

HART, Parker T., Saudi Arabia and the United States: Birth of a Security Partnership, Bloomington, IN 1998.

HELMS, Richard, A Look Over My Shoulder: A Life in the Central Intelligence Agency, New York 2003.

HILSMAN, Roger, To Move a Nation: The Politics of Foreign Policy in the Administration of John F. Kennedy, Garden City, NY 1967.

HOOPES, Townsend, The Limits of Intervention, New York 1969.

JOHNSON, U. Alexis, The Right Hand of Power, Englewood Cliffs, NJ 1984.

KENNAN, George F., Memoirs 1925-1950, London 1968.

KISSINGER, Henry, White House Years, Boston/Toronto 1979.

KISSINGER, Henry, Years of Upheaval, Boston/Toronto 1982.

KUZICHKIN, Vladimir, Inside the KGB: Myth and Reality, London 1990.

LADJEVARDI, Habib (Hrsg.), Xāterāt-e ‛Ali Amini, Naxost-Wazir-e Irān (1340-1341), 2. Aufl., Bethesda, MD 1997.

LADJEVARDI, Habib (Hrsg.), Memoirs of Fatemeh Pakravan, Bethesda, MD 1998.

LADJEVARDI, Habib (Hrsg.), Xāterāt-e Ğa‛far Šarif-Emāmi, Naxost-Wazir-e Irān (1339-1340, 1357), Bethesda, MD 1999.

LADJEVARDI, Habib (Hrsg.), Xāterāt-e Šāpur Baxtijār, Bethesda, MD 1996.

LADJEVARDI, Habib (Hrsg.), Xāterāt-e Mahmud Foruġi, Bethesda, MD 2003.

LILIENTHAL, David E., The Journals of David E. Lilienthal: Volume IV: The Road to Change, 1955-1959, New York u.a. 1969.

LILIENTHAL, David E., The Journals of David E. Lilienthal: Volume V: The Harvest Years, 1959-1963, New York u.a. 1971.

LILIENTHAL, David E., The Journals of David E. Lilienthal: Volume VI: Creativity and Conflict, 1964-1967, New York u.a. 1976.

LILIENTHAL, David E., The Journals of David E. Lilienthal: Volume VII: Unfinished Business, 1968-1981, New York u.a. 1983.

MARTIN, Edwin McCammon, Kennedy and Latin America, Lanham, MD u.a. 1994.

MCGHEE, George C., On the Frontline in the Cold War: An Ambassador Reports, Westport, CT/London 1997.

MCGHEE, George C., Envoy to the Middle World: Adventures in Diplomacy, New York 1983.

MELBOURNE, Roy M., Conflict and Crises: A Foreign Service Story, Lanham, MD/London 1993.

MEYER, Armin, Quiet Diplomacy: From Cairo to Tokyo in the Twilight of Imperialism, New York u.a. 2003.

MILLIS, Walter (Hrsg.), The Forrestal Diaries: the Inner History of the Cold War, London 1952.

MILLSPAUGH, Arthur C., Americans in Persia, New York 1946.

MUSADDIQ, Mohammad, Musaddiq’s Memoirs, hrsg. v. Homa KATOUZIAN, London 1988.

NITZE, Paul H., From Hiroshima to Glasnost: At The Centre of Decision: A Memoir, London 1989.

PAHLAVI, Ashraf, Time for Truth, o.O. 1995.

PAHLAVI, Ashraf, Faces in a Mirror: Memoirs from Exile, Englewood Cliffs, NJ 1980.

PAHLAVI, Ashraf, Jamais Résignée, Paris 1983.

PAHLAVI, Mohammad Reza, Answer to History, New York 1980.

PAHLAVI, Mohammad Reza, The White Revolution, Teheran 1967.

PAHLAVI, Mohammed Reza, Mission for My Country, London 1961 [1960].

PRECHT, Henry, A Diplomat’s Progress, Savannah, GA, 2005.

RADJI, Parviz C., In the Service of the Peackcock Throne: The Diaries of the Shah’s Last Ambassador to London, London 1983.

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RAFIZADEH, Mansur, Witness: From the Shah to the Secret Arms Deal, New York 1987.

ROCKEFELLER, David, Memoirs, New York 2002.

ROOSEVELT JR., Archibald, For Lust of Knowing: Memoirs of an Intelligence Officer, Boston/Toronto 1988.

ROOSEVELT, Kermit, Arabs, Oil and History: The Story of the Middle East, New York 1969 [1949].

ROOSEVELT, Kermit, Countercoup: The Struggle for the Control of Iran, New York u.a. 1979 [1980].

ROSTOW, Walt Whitman, The Diffusion of Power: An Essay in Recent History, New York 1972.

RUSK, Dean, As I Saw It: A Secretary of State’s Memoirs, London/New York 1991.

SCHLESINGER, JR., Arthur M., Journals, 1952-2000, New York 2007.

SCHLESINGER, JR., Arthur M., A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House, London 1965.

SECORD, Richard, Honored and Betrayed: Irangate, Covert Affairs, and the Secret War in Laos, New York u.a. 1992.

SHUCKBURGH, Evelyn, Descent to Suez: Diaries 1951-56, London 1986.

SORENSEN, Theodore C., Kennedy, 3. Aufl, New York 1966.

TEICHER, Howard/Gyle Radley TEICHER, Twin Pillars to Desert Storm: America’s Flawed Vision in the Middle East from Nixon to Bush, New York 1993.

TRUMAN, Harry S., Memoirs of Harry S. Truman: Volume Two: Years of Trial and Hope, Garden City, NY 1956.

VAN DYK, Ted, Heroes, Hacks and Fools: Memoirs from the Political Inside, Seattle 2007.

WARNE, William E., Mission for Peace: Point 4 in Iran, Bethesda, MD 1999 [1956].

WHITE, Theodore, In Search of History: A Personal Adventure, New York 1978.

WILBER, Donald N., Adventures in the Middle East: Excursions and Incursions, Princeton, NJ 1986.

WOFFORD, Harris, Of Kennedys and Kings: Making Sense of the Sixties, New York 1980.

WOODHOUSE, Christopher M., Something Ventured, London u.a. 1982.

YOUNG, George K., Who is my Liege? A Study of Loyalty and Betrayal in Our Time, London 1972.

ZAHEDI, Ardeshir, The Memoirs of Ardeshir Zahedi: Volume One: From Childhood to the End of My Father’s Premiership, Bethesda, MD 2012.

ZAHEDI, Ardeshir, The Memoirs of Ardeshir Zahedi: Volume Two: Love, Marriage, Ambassador to the United States and Ambassador to Great Britain, Bethesda, MD 2014.

4. Forschungsliteratur

ABDUL-RAZAK, Rowena, „’But What Would They Think of Us?’ Propaganda and the Manipulation of the Anglo- Soviet Occupation of Iran, 1941-46“, in: Iranian Studies 49, 5 (2016), S. 817-835.

ABRAHAMIAN, Ervand, The Coup: 1953, the CIA, and the Roots of Modern U.S.-Iranian Relations, New York/London 2013.

ABRAHAMIAN, Ervand, Tortured Confessions: Prisons and Public Recantations in Modern Iran, Berkeley, CA u.a. 1999.

ABRAHAMIAN, Ervand, Khomeinism: Essays on the Islamic Republic, Berkeley, CA u.a. 1993.

ABRAHAMIAN, Ervand, The Iranian Mojahedin, New Haven, CT/London 1989.

ABRAHAMIAN, Ervand, Iran between Two Revolutions, Princeton, NJ 1982.

ABRAHAMIAN, Ervand, „Empire Strikes Back: Iran in U.S. Sights“, in: Bruce CUMINGS/Ervand ABRAHAMIAN/Moshe MA’OZ (Hrsg.), Inventing the Axis of Evil: The Truth About North Korea, Iran, and Syria, New York/London 2004, S. 93-156.

ABRAHAMIAN, Ervand, „The 1953 Coup in Iran“, in: Science & Society 65, 2 (2001), S. 182-215.

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ABRAHAMIAN, Ervand, „Factionalism in Iran: Political Groups in the 14th Parliament (1944-46)“, in: Middle Eastern Studies 14, 1 (1978), S. 22-55.

ACHARYA, Amitav, U.S. Military Strategy in the Gulf, London/New York 1989.

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ADIB-MOGHADDAM, Arshin, „Global Grandeur and the Meaning of Iran: From the Shah to the Islamic Republic“, in: Henner FÜRTIG (Hrsg.), Regional Powers in the Middle East: New Constellations after the Arab Revolts, New York 2014, S. 43-58.

AFKHAMI, Gholam Reza, The Life and Times of the Shah, Berkeley, CA u.a. 2009.

AFKHAMI, Gholam Reza, „Iran: The Nature of the Pahlavi Monarchy“, in: Peter J. CHELKOWSKI/Robert J. PRANGER (Hrsg.), Ideology and Power in the Middle East: Studies in Honor of George Lenczowski, Durham/London 1988, S. 31-55.

AL-E AHMAD, Jalal, Gharbzadegi: Plagued by the West, Delmar, NY 1982.

AJAMI, Amir Ismail, „From Peasant to Farmer: Agrarian Transformation in an Iranian Village, 1967-2002“, International Journal of Middle East Studies 37, 3 (2005), S. 327-349.

AKHAVI, Shahrough, Religion and Politics in Contemporary Iran: Clergy-State Relations in the Pahlavi Period, Albany, NY 1980.

AKHAVI, Shahrough, „The Role of the Clergy in Iranian Politics, 1949-1954“, in: BILL/LOUIS, Musaddiq [1988], S. 91-117.

ALDRICH, Richard J./John ZAMETICA, „The Rise and Decline of a Strategic Concept: the Middle East, 1945-51“, in: ALDRICH, British Intelligence, S. 236-274.

ALGAR, Hamid, The Roots of the Islamic Revolution, London 1983.

ALI, Luman, British Diplomacy and the Iranian Revolution, 1978-1981, Cham 2018.

ALPHER, Yossi, Periphery: Israel’s Search for Middle East Allies, Lanham, MD u.a. 2015.

ALVANDI, Roham, Nixon, Kissinger, and the Shah: The United States and Iran in the Cold War, New York 2014.

ALVANDI, Roham (Hrsg.), The Age of Aryamehr: Late Pahlavi Iran and its Global Entanglements, London 2018.

ALVANDI, Roham, „Introduction: Iran in the Age of Aryamehr“, in: ders., Age of Aryamehr [2018], S. 1-34.

ALVANDI, Roham, „Iran and the Cold War“, in: Iranian Studies 47, 3 (2014), S. 373-378.

ALVANDI, Roham, „Flirting with Neutrality: The Shah, Khrushchev, and the Failed 1959 Soviet-Iranian Negotiations“, in: Iranian Studies 47, 3 (2014), S. 419-440.

ALVANDI, Roham, „The Shah’s Détente with Khrushchev: Iran’s 1962 Missile Base Pledge to the Soviet Union“, in: Cold War History 14, 3 (2014), S. 423-444.

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ALVANDI, Roham, „Nixon, Kissinger, and the Shah: The Origins of Iranian Primacy in the Persian Gulf“, in: Diplomatic History 36, 2 (2012), S. 337-372.

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AMINEH, Mehdi Parvizi, Die globale kapitalistische Expansion und Iran: eine Studie der iranischen politischen Ökonomie (1500-1980), Hamburg 1999.

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AZIMI, Fakhreddin, „The Reconciliation of Politics and Ethics, Nationalism and Democracy: An Overview of the Political Career of Dr Muhammad Musaddiq“, in: BILL/LOUIS, Musaddiq [1988], S. 47-68.

BACEVICH, Andrew J., America’s War for the Greater Middle East: A Military History, New York 2017.

BACEVICH, Andrew J., The New American Militarism: How Americans Are Seduced by War, New York, 2005.

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724

Die Nahostregion vor 1979

Schwarzes Meer GROSSBRITANNIEN Ankara U d SS R Baku

ı ı ı ı ı ı ı ı ı ı ı ı ı ı ı ı ı ı ı ı ı ı ı ı ı ı ı ı ı Kaspisches ı ı ı ı ı ı ı ı ı ı ı ı ı ı ı ı TÜRKEI ı ı ı ı Meer

G R I EC H E N - brit. Kronkolonie, LAND (unabh. 1960) 1958 ZYPERN SYRIEN 1973 LIBANON Teheran Beirut Damaskus AFGHANISTAN Mittelmeer ISRAEL 1 Bagdad Kerbela IRAN Tel Aviv 2 Jerusalem Amman Nadschaf 3 IRAK JORDANIEN Basra Kairo 4 Kuwait Suez (unabh. 1961) Eilat KUWAIT Persischer 1952 Golf e BAHRAIN t z Dhahran s t PAKISTAN ÄGYPTEN/VAR (unabh. 1971) ü u s k ch a g . S Golf von Oman KATAR V e r t r rit (unabh. 1971) r b Medina Riad unte Buraimi VAE Maskat (ab 1971 unabhängig) Sultanat von SAUDI-ARABIEN Maskat und Oman Dschidda Mekka OMAN (1970) Rotes Meer D h o f a r SUDAN (unabh. 1956) H a d r a m a u t Khartoum Sanaa SÜDJEMEN Indischer Ozean NORDJEMEN (unabh. 1967) 1962 Aden-Protektorate ÄTHIOPIEN Aden (Kronkolonie bis 1963) DSCHIBUTI 0 500km (unter franz. Kontrolle bis 1977) Diego Garcia (brit.)

Gebiete unter britischer Kontrolle/Schutz Bagdadpakt (1955–1959) Suezkanalzone (bis 1956) Vereinigte Arabische Republik/VAR (1958–1961) CENTO-Pakt (1959–1979) Weitere Britische Basen 1967 von Israel besetzt NATO-Mitgliedschaft (1952) 1 Golan 2 Westbank 3 Gaza 4 Sinai 1952 Sturz der Monarchie mit Jahreszahl SEATO-Mitgliedschaft (1954)

725

Iran vor 1979

SOWJETUNION Baku SOWJETUNION

Ü Kaspisches

K Meer

I Täbris Aserbaidschan G i l a n Rašt Mahabad M a z a n d a r a n Maschhad Elburs-Gebi rge X o r a s a n Teheran Semnan Herat . t - e Hamadan Gom D a š k a w i r

Kermanšah AFGHANISTAN Z a D Bagdad g a r š o t - s IRAN e - Isfahan G l u e t b i r IRAK g e Ahwaz X u z e s t a n Xorramšahr Kerman Basra Abadan Pasargadae Š a¸ t. t. Persepolis a l - A r a b PAKISTAN KUWAIT Schiras Kuwait Xarg F a r s Bušehr

¸ Farsi B a l uˇ c e s t a n IRAN Bandar Abbas ¸ Arabi Bandar Abbas . Gešm ormus . Straße von n H Gešm Gr. und vo Hormus ße Kl. Tunb-I. ra t S M u s a n d a m S A BAHRAIN ˇ Z U OM A N Cabahar U Persischer Z U OM A N Sirri D Golf I Abu Musa - A KATAR Golf von Oman R Dubai VAE A B I E 0 100 200 300km 0 50 100km OMAN N VAE OMAN

726