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Biochemical Investigations in the Rare Disease Alkaptonuria: Studies on the Metabolome and the Nature of Ochronotic Pigment
Biochemical Investigations in the Rare Disease Alkaptonuria: Studies on the Metabolome and the Nature of Ochronotic Pigment Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of the University of Liverpool for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Brendan Paul Norman September 2019 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is hard to describe the journey this PhD has taken me on without reverting to well-worn clichés. There has been plenty of challenges along the way, but ultimately I can look back on the past four years with a great sense of pride, both in the work presented here and the skills I have developed. Equally important though are the relationships I have established. I have lots of people to thank for playing a part in this thesis. First, I would like to thank my supervisors, Jim Gallagher, Lakshminarayan Ranganath and Norman Roberts for giving me this fantastic opportunity. Your dedication to research into alkaptonuria (AKU) is inspiring and our discussions together have always been thoughtful and often offered fresh perspective on my work. It has been a pleasure to work under your supervision and your ongoing support and encouragement continues to drive me on. It has truly been a pleasure to be part of the AKU research group. Andrew Davison deserves a special mention - much of the highs and lows of our PhD projects have been experienced together. Learning LC-QTOF-MS was exciting (and continues to be) but equally daunting at the start of our projects (admittedly more so for me as a Psychology graduate turned mass spectrometrist!). I am very proud of what we have achieved together, largely starting from scratch on the instrument, and we are continuing to learn all the time. -
Ârofïon H. Keyes ¿Ès//È 6 5
Jan.. 2„ 1940. A G. H. KEYES E1- AL 2,185,343 POLYMETHINE DYÉS AND PROCESS FOR PREPARING THEM Filed Sept. 14, 1937 .320 36 40 44 48 .52 .5 6 60 64007,!! 320 .i6 40 44 4a 52 56 60 E40/fp `320 36 40 44’ v48 .52 56 60 640030 ârofïon H. Keyes ¿ès//è 6 5. ßmokef‘ l N VEN TOR Patented Jan. 2, 1940 2,185,343 UNITED STATES PATENT oFFIcE 2,185,343 POLYMIETHINE D‘YES ANDl PROCESS FOR l PREPARING THEM Grafton H. Keyes and Leslie G. S. Brooker, a. Rochester, N. Y., assignors to Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N. Y., a corporation of New Jersey Application ‘September 14, 1937, Serial No. 163,782 In Great Britain September 15, 1936 10 Claims. (Cl. 260-240) This invention relates to new dyes and to Our new dyes are probably resonance hybrids photographic emulsions sensitized therewith. between two forms which can be illustrated for We have found that new dyes can be prepared the dyes of Formula IIa.` as follows: by reacting a monoacylated aminoacetic acid with a formylmethylene compound of one of the following formulas: wherein D represents the non-metallic atoms necessary to complete a heterocyclic nucleus, such 15 as a pyridine or a quinoline nucleus for example, Z represents the non-metallic atoms necessary to complete a heterocyclic nucleus, such as a The dyes of Formula IIb can similarly be ex pressed as resonance hybrids between two forms. 20 live-membered or siX-membered heterocyclic nucleus for example, and R represents an ali In the instant application, we shall formulate our phatic radical, i. -
Atep Nurdjaman™, RAN™ Journal Full Paper August 03, 2007
Atep Nurdjaman™, RAN™ Journal Full Paper http://www.geocities.com/atepnurdjamanchemistry16/RANJOURNALLINK2/RANJournalMain01.htm August 03, 2007 COVER YOU MISS TO DETERMINED STRUCTURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUND;NATURAL PRODUCT OR SYNTHETIC “MAKED COMPOUND ON PURPOSED”, WHY , BECAUSE YOU MISS IDENTIFIED SMALL PEAKS THAT APPEARS ALWAYS ON EVERY 1H NMR (PROTON NMR) SPECTRUM, THE SMALL PEAKS ALWAYS APPEAR ACCOMPANY EVERY PEAKS (CH3, OH, OCH3, CH2, CH, N, AND ALSO Cl) (Atep Nurdjaman™, Initial AN™, Years 2007-2012 ©) Dedicated to researchers who has been identified small peaks on 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra but doesn’t get reasonable explanation for revealed function and how small peaks dealed on structure elucidation. And also dedicated to my family Published by Atep Nurdjaman™ to Claimed that Theory of Structure Elucidation of Organic Compound Existing Now Has Been Wrong And Mistake(s): Becaused You-Researcher(Founder) Miss Consider Small Peaks that Always Appears With CH3 Peak, OH Peak, OCH3 Peak, CH2 Peak, CH Peak, N Peak, And Also Cl Peak. The Peaks (CH3 Peak, OH Peak, OCH3 Peak, CH2 Peak, CH Peak, N Peak, And Also Cl Peak) Who Appears on 1H NMR Spectrum Has Been Defined Incorrect Becaused Small Peaks Appears As Part of Those are Peaks. The Small Peaks Called As RAN™ or Riket Atep Nurdjaman™ or Riken Atep Nurdjaman™ by me- myself(Atep Nurdjaman™) Who Has Function As Additional Connector Between One Element And Others Beside Existing Hands of Each Elements. The Function of RAN™ As Additional Connector Especially In Term To Explained Theory Connectivity of Element AN, To Explained Theory Connectivity of Structure Organic Compound AN, And Also To Explained Theory Connectivity To Determined Chemical Reaction on Atep Nurdjaman Laws (Chemical Reaction for-on Atep Nurdjaman™). -
The Condensation of Aromatic Aldehydes with Glycine and Acetylglycine
THE CONDENSATION OF AROMATIC ALDEHYDES WITH GLYCINE AND ACETYLGLYCINE. BY H. D. DAKIN. (From Scarborough-on-Hudson, New York.) (Received for publication, March 29, 1929.) The condensation of aromatic aldehydes with acyl derivatives of glycine has, in its various modifications, furnished the most useful method available for the synthesis of compounds which may in turn be converted into aromatic amino and ketonic acids such as tyrosine, tryptophane, and thyroxine. The reaction was first studied by Plochl (1) who condensed hippuric acid with Downloaded from benzaldehyde and salicylic aldehyde. The correct interpretation of this reaction and the demonstration of its ability for amino acid synthesis was furnished later by Erlenmeyer (2). Instead of hippuric acid, later investigators (3) have used other derivatives of glycine such as hydantoin and glycine anhydride. In connec- www.jbc.org tion with an investigation of aldehyde derivatives of amino acids, peptides, and proteins it became of interest to examine the be- havior of glycine itself when condensed with benzaldehyde and acetic anhydride. The reaction was first studied by Plochl (1) by on May 22, 2009 who stated that: “Es konnten jedoch daraus auf keine Weise zur Untersuchung einladende Korper sondern nur Schmieren er- halten werden.” In fact it was this failure to effect the condensa- tion of glycine that led Plochl to use hippuric acid in its place. Later on Erlenmeyer and Friistiick (4) succeeded in isolating the azlactone of a-acetaminocinnamic acid and subsequently Berg- mann and Stern (5), by varying the conditions, obtained 44 to 50 per cent yields and showed how valuable this and the related derivative from p-hydroxybenzaldehyde were for the synthesis of amino acids and peptides. -
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Bio 2013-14 Alfa Aesar North America Alfa Aesar Korea Uni-Onward (International Sales Headquarters) 101-3701, Lotte Castle President 3F-2 93 Wenhau 1st Rd, Sec 1, 26 Parkridge Road O-Dong Linkou Shiang 244, Taipei County Ward Hill, MA 01835 USA 467, Gongduk-Dong, Mapo-Gu Taiwan Tel: 1-800-343-0660 or 1-978-521-6300 Seoul, 121-805, Korea Tel: 886-2-2600-0611 Fax: 1-978-521-6350 Tel: +82-2-3140-6000 Fax: 886-2-2600-0654 Email: [email protected] Fax: +82-2-3140-6002 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Alfa Aesar United Kingdom Echo Chemical Co. Ltd Shore Road Alfa Aesar India 16, Gongyeh Rd, Lu-Chu Li Port of Heysham Industrial Park (Johnson Matthey Chemicals India Toufen, 351, Miaoli Heysham LA3 2XY Pvt. Ltd.) Taiwan England Kandlakoya Village Tel: 866-37-629988 Bio Chemicals for Life Tel: 0800-801812 or +44 (0)1524 850506 Medchal Mandal Email: [email protected] www.alfa.com Fax: +44 (0)1524 850608 R R District Email: [email protected] Hyderabad - 501401 Andhra Pradesh, India Including: Alfa Aesar Germany Tel: +91 40 6730 1234 Postbox 11 07 65 Fax: +91 40 6730 1230 Amino Acids and Derivatives 76057 Karlsruhe Email: [email protected] Buffers Germany Tel: 800 4566 4566 or Distributed By: Click Chemistry Reagents +49 (0)721 84007 280 Electrophoresis Reagents Fax: +49 (0)721 84007 300 Hydrus Chemical Inc. Email: [email protected] Uchikanda 3-Chome, Chiyoda-Ku Signal Transduction Reagents Tokyo 101-0047 Western Blot and ELISA Reagents Alfa Aesar France Japan 2 allée d’Oslo Tel: 03(3258)5031 ...and much more 67300 Schiltigheim Fax: 03(3258)6535 France Email: [email protected] Tel: 0800 03 51 47 or +33 (0)3 8862 2690 Fax: 0800 10 20 67 or OOO “REAKOR” +33 (0)3 8862 6864 Nagorny Proezd, 7 Email: [email protected] 117 105 Moscow Russia Alfa Aesar China Tel: +7 495 640 3427 Room 1509 Fax: +7 495 640 3427 ext 6 CBD International Building Email: [email protected] No. -
Organic Reactions V1
Organic Reactions VOLUME I EDITORIAL BOARD ROGER ADAMS, Editor-in-Chief WERNER E. BACHMANN JOHN R. JOHNSON LOUIS F. FIESER H. R. SNYDER ASSOCIATE EDITORS A. H. BLATT CHARLES R. HAUSER F. F. BLICKE MARLIN T. LEFFLER NATHAN L. DRAKE ELMORE L. MARTIN REYNOLD C. FUSON RALPH L. SHRINER LEE IRVIN SMITH NEW YORK JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. LONDON: CHAPMAN & HALL, LIMITED 1942 COPYRIGHT, 1942 BY ROGER ADAMS All Bights Reserved This book or any part thereof must not be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the publisher. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PREFACE In the course of nearly every program of research in organic chemistry the investigator finds it necessary to use several of the better-known synthetic reactions. To discover the optimum conditions for the appli- cation of even the most familiar one to a compound not previously sub- jected to the reaction often requires an extensive search of the litera- ture; even then a series of experiments may be necessary. When the results of the investigation are published, the synthesis, which may have required months of work, is usually described without comment. The background of knowledge and experience gained in the literature search and experimentation is thus lost to those who subsequently have occa- sion to apply the general method. The student of preparative organic chemistry faces similar difficulties. The textbooks and laboratory man- uals furnish numerous examples of the application of various syntheses, but only rarely do they convey an accurate conception of the scope and usefulness of the processes. For many years American organic chemists have discussed these prob- lems. -
Synthesis of Some Valine Derivatives As Potential Antibacterial Agents Frederick Nelson Minard Iowa State College
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1949 Synthesis of some valine derivatives as potential antibacterial agents Frederick Nelson Minard Iowa State College Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Biochemistry Commons, Microbiology Commons, and the Organic Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Minard, Frederick Nelson, "Synthesis of some valine derivatives as potential antibacterial agents " (1949). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 13722. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/13722 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NOTE TO USERS This reproduction is the best copy available. UMI SYNTHESIS OF SOME VALINE DERIVATIVES AS POTENTIAL ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS by Frederick N* Minard A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major Subjects Oheiaist Approved! Signature was redacted for privacy. In CSiarge of/Major Work Signature was redacted for privacy. Head of Maj(^ Dei^rtment Signature was redacted for privacy. fill ti Fi(l Miir' r,! r^r . m Dean of Graduate CollegeCo] Iowa State College 19»fr9 UMI Number: DP12856 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction.