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Actualité Espace N°19-16

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Actualité Espace N°19-16 Bulletin d’actualité Espace n°19-16 Bulletin d’actualité Espace précédentBulletin d’actualité Espace suivant Bulletin d’actualité rédigé par le Bureau du CNES à Washington D.C. (Amaury Carbonnaux, Edouard Lallouette, Norbert Paluch) Liens utiles Pour consulter le présent bulletin d’actualité sous format PDF, cliquez ici. Pour consulter le présent bulletin d’actualité en ligne, cliquez ici. Pour consulter tous les bulletins d’actualité, toutes les notes, toutes les actualités et l’agenda du Service Spatial aux Etats-Unis, cliquez ici. Politique Le GAO interpelle la NASA sur le caractère incomplet de la mise en œuvre de ses recommandations Parabolic Arc, 22 avril 2019 Le Government Accountability Office (GAO) rappelle en particulier neuf recommandations prioritaires dont la prise en compte par la NASA demeure attendue : Space Launch System: Resources Need to be Matched to Requirements to Decrease Risk and Support Long Term Affordability (3 Priority Recommendations) ; Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle: Action Needed to Improve Visibility into Cost, Schedule, and Capacity to Resolve Technical Challenges ; NASA: Actions Needed to Improve Transparency and Assess Long-Term Affordability of Human Exploration Programs (2 priority recommendations) ; NASA Commercial Crew Program: Plan Needed to Ensure Uninterrupted Access to the International Space Station ; NASA: Earned Value Management Implementation across Major Spaceflight Projects Is Uneven ; Federal Research Grants: Opportunities Remain for Agencies to Streamline Administrative Requirements. International La sécurité des Etats-Unis face au développement spatial de la Chine Space News, 25 avril 2019 Le 25 avril la « U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission » a organisé une audition d’une journée intitulée : « U.S.-China Perspectives on International Law and Norms of Behavior in Space ». Les participants à cette réunion ont unanimement reconnu les avancées et ambitions de la Chine dans le domaine spatial (une intervenante indiquant que ce pays ambitionnait d’être la première puissance spatiale en 2045), estimant que dans ce contexte les Etats-Unis se devaient de mieux protéger leurs infrastructures spatiales. Un représentant du Pentagone a en particulier relevé la nécessité de mettre en œuvre des procédés de cryptage plus avancés et d’utiliser des communications plus résistantes au brouillage et à l’usurpation d’identité (spoofing). Les constellations pourraient également être repensées, en privilégiant le recours à un grand nombre de satellites sur des orbites variées. Les avis ont divergé sur l’espace cis-lunaire, certains intervenants estimant qu’il était important dès aujourd’hui d’investir cette région de l’espace, d’autres exprimant leurs craintes qu’un engagement stratégique des Etats-Unis dans cette zone de l’espace ne la transforme en terrain de conflit. Lien vers la vidéo de la réunion et les témoignages écrits. Complément de lecture — > Mise en ligne de la vidéo et de la retranscription des débats de la conférence US-China Engagement in Space organisée le 29 mars par laSecure World Fondation. Le Colorado Air and Space Port signe un accord avec une société japonaise de lancement Cf. Spatioports Sécurité et Défense Quelle entité fédérale héritera des technologies Blackjack ? Breaking Defense, 22 avril 2019 Le Space and Missile Systems Center (SMC) et la Space Development Agency (SDA) récemment mise sur pied, ont chacune émis le souhait d’incorporer la technologie Blackjack de la DARPA dans leurs programmes d’acquisition respectif, une fois les démonstrations en orbite achevées (fin 2022). Le SMC collabore actuellement avec la DARPA et contribue au financement de Blackjack. Il prévoit de transférer l’architectureBlackjack vers un programme dénommé CASINO (Commercially Augmented Space Inter Networked Operations, l’un des neuf programmes « pacesetter » de l’initiative d’accélération des processus d’acquisition « SMC 2.0 »). L’Air Force ne dispose toutefois pas de budgets alloués spécifiquement à CASINO, ni dans le cadre de l’exercice budgétaire 2020, ni dans le cadre du plan budgétaire pluriannuel 2020-2024. Le SMC aurait sollicité 350 M$ dans le cadre du plan pluriannuel 2020-2024 pour CASINO et la transition Blackjack mais la demande n’aurait pas été retenue dans la requête finale. Fred Kennedy, le directeur de la nouvelle Space Development Agency qui occupait jusqu’à récemment le poste de directeur du Tactical Technology Office de la DARPA, souhaiterait que la transition de Blackjack soit réalisée sous la responsabilité de la SDA. Dans le cadre de la présentation de sa «national architecture » au Space Symposium, Fred Kennedy a détaillé une architecture satellitaire en orbite basse reposant distinctivement sur la technologie Blackjack. Par ailleurs, Michael Griffin, sous-secrétaire à la Défense en charge de la recherche et de l’ingénierie, aurait annoncé que la transition Blackjack serait au cœur des prérogatives de la SDA. La requête budgétaire pour l’exercice 2020 prévoit un budget de 150 M$ pour établir la nouvelle agence et la mettre sur la voie d’un déploiement de premiers satellites d’ici 2022 (relais de données pour la Missile Defense Agency). Il appartiendra au Congrès de trancher sur le choix de l’entité qui héritera des technologies Blackjack. Quelle que soit la décision prise, l’avenir du programme constituera un premier test de collaboration entre le SMC et la nouvelle SDA. Articles connexes publiés précédemment : Bulletin d’actualité Espace n°19-07 ; Bulletin d’actualité Espace n°19-15. Le DoD attribue à Iridium un contrat de 54 M$ pour une période de quatre ans et demi Satellite Today, 22 avril 2019 Le contrat octroyé par la DISA (U.S. Defence Information Systems Agency) porte sur des activités de maintenance et de soutien en lien avec la plateforme de communications avec la constellation Iridium-next (constellation succédant à Iridium, pleinement opérationnelle depuis février 2019) Pour mémoire, la DISA avait octroyé une extension de six mois au contrat en lien avec l’EMSS (Enhanced Mobile Satellite Service) en octobre 2018. La sécurité des Etats-Unis face au développement spatial de la Chine Cf. International L’Inspecteur général du DoD : « en rencontrant Elon Musk en décembre 2018, Patrick Shanahan n’a pas manqué à ses obligations en matière d’éthique » Space News, 25 avril 2019 Politico, 26 avril 2019 Un rapport rendu public le 25 avril dédouane leDeputy Defense Secretary de l’époque, de tout manquement en matière d’éthique dans sa décision de rencontrer le CEO de SpaceX, alors que cette société venait d’être écartée d’unimportant contrat en lien avec le développement de lanceurs (sociétés retenues : ULA, Northrop Grumman et Blue Origin). Les faits avaient été rapportés à l’inspecteur général du DoD par la Secrétaire de l’Air Force Heather Wilson, laquelle avait mis en avant le fait qu’à sa nomination en tant queDeputy Defense Secretary, Patrick Shanahan avait signé un accord éthique selon lequel il s’engageait à ne pas s’impliquer, sauf à y être autorisé, dans les dossiers en lien avec son ancien employeur (Boeing). Complément de lecture — > Center for Space policy and Strategy : A framework for resilience Lancements à venir 3 mai : module de fret Dragon CRS-17 vers la Station spatiale internationale par un Falcon 9 Block 5 depuis Cap Canaveral (Floride) 4 mai : mission STP-27RD du DoD par Electron de Rocket Lab depuis la Nouvelle- Zélande Début mai : première grappe de satellites de la constellation Starlink de SpaceX par un Falcon 9 Block 5 depuis Cap Canaveral Mai : satellite BlackSky Global 4 avec Un Electron de Rocket Lab depuis la Nouvelle- Zélande Mai : satellite ICON (Ionospheric Connection Explorer) de la NASA avec un Pegasus XL Lanceurs L’ASAP recommande la NASA de maintenir le SLS («green run ») et à développer de nouvelles combinaisons spatiales Space Policy Online, 25 avril 2019 Space News, 25 avril 2019 Cette position de l’Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel prend le contre-pied celle prise par l’Administrateur de la NASA lors d’une audition tenue devant le Sénat début avril : ce dernier avait en effet évoqué la possibilité de trouver des alternatives au « green run » des quatre moteurs RS-25 intégrés au corps central, estimant que ceux- ci avaient été amplement éprouvés dans le cadre du programme de la Navette spatiale américaine (gain potentiel de six mois en matière de dans le développement du SLS). Le test implique de transporter le premier étage du SLS au Stennis Space Center pour une mise à feu de huit minutes, soit la durée complète de combustion dans le cadre d’un lancement. L’ASAP s’est également prononcé en faveur de la mise sur pied rapide d’un programme de développement de combinaisons spatiales de nouvelle génération, la NASA ayant proposé àcontrario de prolonger jusqu’en 2028 le recours aux extravehicular mobility units actuellement utilisées. Article connexe publié précédemment : Bulletin d’actualité Espace n°19-13. La NASA maintiendrait le « green run » pour le SLS Ars Technica, 26 avril 2019 Dans une note interne en date du 22 avril, l’Administrateur de la NASA en charge des vols habités William Gerstenmaier, aurait mentionné le maintien du « green run » et admis le report de la mission EM-1 sans équipage au-delà de 2020, tout en réaffirmant poursuivre l’objectif d’une mission EM-2 avec équipage en 2022 et un retour des astronautes sur la Lune en 2024. Relativity choisie par mu Space pour lancer un satellite en orbite basse en 2022 Space News, 23 avril 2019 Parabolic Arc, 23 avril 2019 La société thaïlandaise devient ainsi le deuxième client à opter pour le lanceur Terran 1, après Telesat au début du mois d’avril (ni les caractéristiques du satellite, ni les termes du contrat n’ont été rendu publics). Après avoir signé début 2019 un accord avec l’USAF relatif à la construction d’un site de lancement propre à Cap Canaveral, Relativity envisage le recours à un autre site pour les lancements en orbite polaire.
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