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Труды Института востоковедения РАН Выпуск 1 Труды Института востоковедения РАН Серийное издание ISSN 2587-9502 Наумкин Виталий Вячеславович, академик РАН – председатель РЕДАКЦИОННЫЙ СОВЕТ СЕРИИ: Андросов Валерий Павлович – сопредеседатель Демченко Александр Владимирович – ученый секретарь Аликберов Аликбер Калабекович Белокреницкий Вячеслав Яковлевич Романова Наталья Геннадиевна Саутов Владимир Нилович Акимов Александр ВладимировичРЕДАКЦИОННАЯ КОЛЛЕГИЯКузнецов Василий СЕРИИ: Александрович Алаев Леонид Борисович Любимов Юрий Васильевич Александров Юрий Георгиевич Мамедова Нина Михайловна Алпатов Владимир Михайлович Микульский Дмитрий Валентинович Белова Анна Григорьевна Мосяков Дмитрий Валентинович Бурлак Светлана Анатольевна Настич Владимир Нилович Ванина Евгения Юрьевна Орлова Кеемя Владимировна Васильев Дмитрий Дмитриевич Панарин Сергей Алексеевич Воронцов Александр Валентинович Плотников Николай Дмитриевич Десницкий Андрей Сергеевич Пригарина Наталья Ильинична Другов Алексей Юрьевич Сарабьев Алексей Викторович Захаров Антон Олегович Смагина Евгения Борисовна Звягельская Ирина Доновна Суворова Анна Ароновна Каменев Сергей Наумович Томберг Игорь Ремуальдович Карасова Татьяна Анисимовна Шаляпина Зоя Михайловна Катасонова Елена Леонидовна Шаумян Татьяна Львовна Кобзев Артем Игоревич РОССИЙСКАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ НАУК ИНСТИТУТ ВОСТОКОВЕДЕНИЯ Труды Института востоковедения РАН Выпуск 1 ТИБЕТОЛОГИЯ И БУДДОЛОГИЯ НА СТЫКЕ НАУКИ И РЕЛИГИИ Москва 2017 Ответственные редакторы выпуска: С. Л. Кузьмин, Т. Л. Шаумян Рецензенты: Е. Ю. Ванина, В. П. Кашин Рукопись подготовлена при поддержке фонда «Сохраним Тибет» Труды Института востоковедения РАН. Вып. 1: Тибетология и буддология на стыке науки и религии / отв. ред. выпуска С.Л. Кузьмин, Т.Л. Шаумян. – М.: ИВ РАН, 2017. – 288 с. + 36 ил. ISSN 2587-9502 ISBN 978-5-89282-749-2 Выпуск составили материалы одноименного круглого стола, состоявшегося в Институте востоковедения РАН 9–11 ноября 2016 г., посвященные вопросам буддологии, взаимодействию буддизма с образованием и наукой, истории и культуре Тибета, социально-экономической и религиозной ситуации в современном Тибете, тибето-монгольским отношениям. The volume consists of papers resulted the roundtable held at the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences (November 9–11, 2016). The articles are devoted to different issues of Buddhology, Buddhism in its interaction with education and science, history and culture of Tibet, modern social and economic situation there, as well as to Tibet–Mongolian relations. © Институт востоковедения РАН, 2017 Содержание Предисловие ................................................................................. 7 Тэло Тулку Ринпоче. Перспективы буддийской науки в России .................................................................................... 9 С. Ю. Лепехов. Возможности сохранения тибетской культуры и «возвращения» буддизма в Индию ............... 13 С. Ю. Лепехов. Современный тибетский буддизм: тенденции преобразований и возможные последствия ................................................. 23 И. С. Урбанаева. Буддизм, национализм и тибетский вопрос ............................................................ 37 С. Л. Кузьмин. Государственный контроль реинкарнаций лам в КНР: проблема соответствия буддийским канонам ............................................................................... 64 Н. Самтен. Путешествие традиции Наланды в современный мир через Тибет .......................................... 91 Sh. Woeser. Economic development in Tibet. Revisiting China’s Socio-Economic Policies......................... 97 Т. Л. Шаумян. Русско-тибетские отношения на рубеже веков и лорд Керзон ......................................................... 108 T. Tsultrim. Militarization of the Tibetan Plateau and Its Significance ........................................................................ 130 P. P. Gokhale. The Possibility of Secular Buddhism .................... 160 В. Г. Лысенко. Место философии в буддизме .......................... 173 5 М. К. Аубакиров. Вклад буддийской науки в современное образование ...................................................................... 196 О. П. Гуттенлохер. Актуальность светской этики и буддийской науки в школьном образовании в аспекте учений Далай-ламы XIV ................................. 202 А. М. Шустова. Буддизм и культурное единство Азии .......... 210 А. А. Терентьев. Намнанэ-лама, учитель А. Доржиева и С. Цыденова ................................................................... 227 Б. У. Китинов. Ойраты-хошуты в Тибете: особенности политической и религиозной истории ........................... 238 Б. У. Китинов. Шестой пекинский семинар по тибетологии 2016 г....................................................... 261 А. А. Базаров. Роль литературы Винаи в процессе формирования буддийского схоласта ............................ 265 С. С. Аверьянов. Современный Тибет глазами путешественника ............................................................. 282 Предисловие 9–11 ноября 2016 г. в Институте востоковедения РАН со- стоялся круглый стол «Тибетология и буддология на стыке науки и религии». Это уже третье мероприятие в данной области, организуемое при участии Института востоковеде- ния. Первый круглый стол «Исторические и духовные связи Тибета с Россией, Индией и Монголией», приуроченный к объявлению 2014 г. «Годом Его Святейшества Далай-ламы», прошел в Институте востоковедения РАН 12 ноября 2014 г. Мероприятие было проведено при поддержке Центра ти- бетской культуры и информации и Фонда содействия сохра- нению культурных и философских традиций тибетского буддизма «Сохраним Тибет». С сообщениями выступили 20 участников из России (Москва, Санкт-Петербург, Улан-Удэ), Индии (Дхарамсала, Варанаси) и Казахстана (Уральск). Круглый стол прошел в формате докладов и презентаций с их последующим свободным обсуждением. В результате состоялись обстоятельные дискуссии, позволившие участни- кам и гостям обсудить научные и религиоведческие проблемы в междисциплинарном дискурсе. Данный формат позволил сопоставить разные, порой существенно различающиеся точки зрения, что позволило участникам и гостям лучше понять существующие подходы в целях их дальнейшей науч- ной разработки. 7 В ходе круглого стола был обеспечен высококачественный синхронный перевод с русского языка на английский и с английского на русский, поэтому участники не испытывали лингвистического барьера ни во время выступлений, ни во время дискуссий. Круглый стол показал растущий интерес к вопросам тибе- тологии и буддологии, а также перспективность дальнейшего диалога науки и религии. Данное мероприятие еще раз пока- зало, что наука и буддизм являются не противостоящими, а взаимно не противоречащими сферами познания, дальней- шее взаимодействие которых будет способствовать их возрас- тающему взаимопониманию. Данный сборник содержит статьи, подготовленные по докладам и презентациям, представленным на круглом столе, так как не все авторы прислали свои статьи. Несколько докладов и презентаций переведено на русский язык. Последовательность статей в данном сборнике соответ- ствует последовательности докладов и презентаций на круг- лом столе. Каждая статья снабжена кратким англоязычным резюме. С.Л. Кузьмин, Т.Л. Шаумян Перспективы буддийской науки в России Тэло Тулку Ринпоче Почетный представитель Его Святейшества Далай-ламы в России, Монголии и странах СНГ, Верховный лама Калмыкии Telo Tulku Rinpoche. Prospects of Buddhist science in Russia. Main aspects of historical relations between Russia, Tibet and Mongolia are briefly provided. Russia has longer history of relations with Tibet than Europe and this provides a good basis for development of Buddhism, as well as buddhological and tibetological studies in Russia. Я придаю большое значение обсуждениям за круглым столом, они нас сближают, дают возможность узнать новое, поделиться мыслями и идеями. Я считаю принципиально важным сделать так, чтобы подобные конференции проходи- ли и в будущем. Мы собрались здесь для открытого обсужде- ния и поиска новых путей сотрудничества, а также для того, чтобы получить новую информацию в области тибетологии и буддологии. В Тибете в целом многое меняется, есть некоторые переме- ны к лучшему, однако много и очень печальных преобразова- ний. Я считаю, что наш долг как ученых, философов, историков поддерживать внимание к тибетскому вопросу, и не просто поддерживать, но быть в курсе последних событий. Когда мы 9 говорим о Тибете, речь идет не только об огромной территории, но и о многих других аспектах этой страны – тибетской культу- ре, самобытности, религии, фольклоре и так далее. Еще одна популярная тема – экология. Тибет называют «крышей мира», и кроме того, целый субконтинент – Южная Азия – зависит от рек, истоки которых находятся в ледниках Тибета и Гималаев. Не так давно Китай выступил с инициативой повернуть вспять некоторые из великих рек, что пагубно ска- жется не только на экологии Тибета, но и всего Юж- но-Азиатского субконтинента. Это весьма прискорбно, но в то же время не менее печально, что мировые эксперты- экологи не сумели привлечь внимание мировой общественно- сти к этому, что следовало бы сделать. Я считаю, что этот вопрос требует безотлагательного внимания, и не только ради интере- сов Тибета, но и всей Южной Азии. Я считаю также, что Россия призвана сыграть здесь значительную роль как евро-азиатская страна, раскинувшаяся на двух континентах – Европе и Азии. Убежден, что России отведена важная геополитическая роль в международных делах, в том числе в области экологии. В том, что касается
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    MARCH 2020 The Strategic Postures of China and India: A Visual Guide Frank O’Donnell Alex Bollfrass Force Tables Reference Sheet This document contains the accompanying tables for “The Strategic Postures of China and India: A Visual Guide.” See the full report and the accompanying interactive maps at belfercenter.org/StrategicPostures The Strategic Postures of China and India: A Visual Guide | Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs | March 2020 1 Ground Forces: China Icon Name Parent Force Type Force Numbers Location Command Tibet Military 52nd Mountain Infantry Brigade HQ Infantry Brigade ~ 4,600 (total) Link District (MD) Unit 77675, 52nd Mountain Infantry Tibet MD Infantry Battalion ~ 700 Link Brigade Unit 77678, Artillery Regiment, 52nd Tibet MD Artillery Regiment ~ 1,100 Link Mountain Infantry Brigade 1st Battalion, 52nd Mountain Infantry Tibet MD Infantry Battalion ~ 700 Link Brigade 2nd Battalion, 52nd Mountain Infantry Tibet MD Infantry Battalion ~ 700 Link Brigade 3rd Battalion, 52nd Mountain Infantry Tibet MD Infantry Battalion ~ 700 Link Brigade 4th Battalion, 52nd Mountain Infantry Tibet MD Infantry Battalion ~ 700 Link Brigade 53rd Mountain Infantry Brigade HQ Tibet MD Infantry Brigade ~ 4,600 (total) Link Unit 77680, 53rd Mountain Infantry Tibet MD Infantry Battalion ~ 700 Link Brigade Artillery Regiment, Unit 77683, 53rd Tibet MD Artillery Regiment ~ 1,100 Link Mountain Infantry Brigade 1st Battalion, 53rd Mountain Infantry Tibet MD Infantry Battalion ~ 700 Link Brigade 2nd Battalion, 53rd Mountain Infantry
  • Tibet and China-Tibet-Fact Finding Mission Report-1960-Eng

    Tibet and China-Tibet-Fact Finding Mission Report-1960-Eng

    [ M P P Z^tLr’ Ui\rJjLlsdsL’Yl Oi^ ‘ -'■-- I^C"' • ’--O-. t -£ ','~ ? ■ *•«..;;%--I - • • •-.-**- • -:"*-•*• '~;2^' -: .£&i<.Z•*, •„r, ’•’•.. •. ji. 1 : ■'■;\K<i>:'" •’....'. -u -iv ' ‘j;x. “It may happen that here in the centre o f Tibet the religion and the secular administration will be similarly attacked from without and within, and the holders o f the Faith, the glorious Rebirths, will be broken down and left without a'name. As regards the monasteries and the priesthood, their lands and properties will be destroyed. The officers o f State, ecclesiastical and lay, will find their lands seized and their other property confiscated, and they themselves made to serve their enemies or wander about the country as beggars do. All beings will be sunk in hardship and fear, and the nights will drag on slowly in suffering ,! —from the Political Testameot of the thirteenth Dalai Lama (d. 1933). Sir Charles Bell, Portrait o f the Dalai Lama (1946), p. 380. CONTENTS • F orew ord by the Secretary-General of the International Com­ mission of Jurists ............................................................... VII Explanatory notes A bbreviations............................................... ....................... xi Notes on the principal persons m en tioned ....................... xi Notes on Tibetan words and customs referred to . xu Note on Chinese sources q u o t e d ....................................... xiu REPORT TO THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION OF JURISTS BY THE LEGAL INQUIRY COMMITTEE ON TIBET R eport by the Committee to the Secretary-General................. 3 Introduction . ^ ................................................. 7 Chapter One T he Evidence relating to Genocidb Introduction........................................................................... 10 The intent to destroy Buddhism in Tibet: 1. Chinese statements from Chinese sources .... 14 2.
  • The Self Immolators

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    The Self Immolators --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 2013 Feb. Day Blakely Donaldson The book can be discussed and downloaded at: http://thespeaker.co/book-the-self-immolators-2013-day-blakely- donaldson/ 2 The Self Immolators 3 Preface This book was meant to be without a preface (or introduction) or Table of Contents. Please read it last if anything, and then comment or write in the book, and then let them be just another set of comments. This book was meant to be simply and regularly, the biographies and testimonies of the self immolators. I wrote it after coming across a self immolation that referred to three others. Could there be so many? It remained a line on a page of notes I was adding to and sometimes getting to one or another. A month or more later, I addressed the note, that still stood out, and looked it up. Investigating the self immolator and his reference to three others, or being among three such, I found more, and looking into those, more, until it was dozens. The source of information I thought should didn't exist in a book or anywhere online, and I just began to write it, naturally and as a stream. As I collected and searched out, and wrote the biographies and copied or translated the testaments and statements, it turned out there were more still, until it was hundreds and the book reached the size it is. I wrote and edited it in about a month in spring 2013, and continued to discover and add--and some added themselves, Tibetans continued to self immolate while I wrote--until I stopped writing.