DOCSLIB.ORG

Выпуск 1 Труды Института Востоковедения Ран Серийное Издание Issn 2587-9502

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Выпуск 1 Труды Института Востоковедения Ран Серийное Издание Issn 2587-9502 Труды Института востоковедения РАН Выпуск 1 Труды Института востоковедения РАН Серийное издание ISSN 2587-9502 Наумкин Виталий Вячеславович, академик РАН – председатель РЕДАКЦИОННЫЙ СОВЕТ СЕРИИ: Андросов Валерий Павлович – сопредеседатель Демченко Александр Владимирович – ученый секретарь Аликберов Аликбер Калабекович Белокреницкий Вячеслав Яковлевич Романова Наталья Геннадиевна Саутов Владимир Нилович Акимов Александр ВладимировичРЕДАКЦИОННАЯ КОЛЛЕГИЯКузнецов Василий СЕРИИ: Александрович Алаев Леонид Борисович Любимов Юрий Васильевич Александров Юрий Георгиевич Мамедова Нина Михайловна Алпатов Владимир Михайлович Микульский Дмитрий Валентинович Белова Анна Григорьевна Мосяков Дмитрий Валентинович Бурлак Светлана Анатольевна Настич Владимир Нилович Ванина Евгения Юрьевна Орлова Кеемя Владимировна Васильев Дмитрий Дмитриевич Панарин Сергей Алексеевич Воронцов Александр Валентинович Плотников Николай Дмитриевич Десницкий Андрей Сергеевич Пригарина Наталья Ильинична Другов Алексей Юрьевич Сарабьев Алексей Викторович Захаров Антон Олегович Смагина Евгения Борисовна Звягельская Ирина Доновна Суворова Анна Ароновна Каменев Сергей Наумович Томберг Игорь Ремуальдович Карасова Татьяна Анисимовна Шаляпина Зоя Михайловна Катасонова Елена Леонидовна Шаумян Татьяна Львовна Кобзев Артем Игоревич РОССИЙСКАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ НАУК ИНСТИТУТ ВОСТОКОВЕДЕНИЯ Труды Института востоковедения РАН Выпуск 1 ТИБЕТОЛОГИЯ И БУДДОЛОГИЯ НА СТЫКЕ НАУКИ И РЕЛИГИИ Москва 2017 Ответственные редакторы выпуска: С. Л. Кузьмин, Т. Л. Шаумян Рецензенты: Е. Ю. Ванина, В. П. Кашин Рукопись подготовлена при поддержке фонда «Сохраним Тибет» Труды Института востоковедения РАН. Вып. 1: Тибетология и буддология на стыке науки и религии / отв. ред. выпуска С.Л. Кузьмин, Т.Л. Шаумян. – М.: ИВ РАН, 2017. – 288 с. + 36 ил. ISSN 2587-9502 ISBN 978-5-89282-749-2 Выпуск составили материалы одноименного круглого стола, состоявшегося в Институте востоковедения РАН 9–11 ноября 2016 г., посвященные вопросам буддологии, взаимодействию буддизма с образованием и наукой, истории и культуре Тибета, социально-экономической и религиозной ситуации в современном Тибете, тибето-монгольским отношениям. The volume consists of papers resulted the roundtable held at the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences (November 9–11, 2016). The articles are devoted to different issues of Buddhology, Buddhism in its interaction with education and science, history and culture of Tibet, modern social and economic situation there, as well as to Tibet–Mongolian relations. © Институт востоковедения РАН, 2017 Содержание Предисловие ................................................................................. 7 Тэло Тулку Ринпоче. Перспективы буддийской науки в России .................................................................................... 9 С. Ю. Лепехов. Возможности сохранения тибетской культуры и «возвращения» буддизма в Индию ............... 13 С. Ю. Лепехов. Современный тибетский буддизм: тенденции преобразований и возможные последствия ................................................. 23 И. С. Урбанаева. Буддизм, национализм и тибетский вопрос ............................................................ 37 С. Л. Кузьмин. Государственный контроль реинкарнаций лам в КНР: проблема соответствия буддийским канонам ............................................................................... 64 Н. Самтен. Путешествие традиции Наланды в современный мир через Тибет .......................................... 91 Sh. Woeser. Economic development in Tibet. Revisiting China’s Socio-Economic Policies......................... 97 Т. Л. Шаумян. Русско-тибетские отношения на рубеже веков и лорд Керзон ......................................................... 108 T. Tsultrim. Militarization of the Tibetan Plateau and Its Significance ........................................................................ 130 P. P. Gokhale. The Possibility of Secular Buddhism .................... 160 В. Г. Лысенко. Место философии в буддизме .......................... 173 5 М. К. Аубакиров. Вклад буддийской науки в современное образование ...................................................................... 196 О. П. Гуттенлохер. Актуальность светской этики и буддийской науки в школьном образовании в аспекте учений Далай-ламы XIV ................................. 202 А. М. Шустова. Буддизм и культурное единство Азии .......... 210 А. А. Терентьев. Намнанэ-лама, учитель А. Доржиева и С. Цыденова ................................................................... 227 Б. У. Китинов. Ойраты-хошуты в Тибете: особенности политической и религиозной истории ........................... 238 Б. У. Китинов. Шестой пекинский семинар по тибетологии 2016 г....................................................... 261 А. А. Базаров. Роль литературы Винаи в процессе формирования буддийского схоласта ............................ 265 С. С. Аверьянов. Современный Тибет глазами путешественника ............................................................. 282 Предисловие 9–11 ноября 2016 г. в Институте востоковедения РАН со- стоялся круглый стол «Тибетология и буддология на стыке науки и религии». Это уже третье мероприятие в данной области, организуемое при участии Института востоковеде- ния. Первый круглый стол «Исторические и духовные связи Тибета с Россией, Индией и Монголией», приуроченный к объявлению 2014 г. «Годом Его Святейшества Далай-ламы», прошел в Институте востоковедения РАН 12 ноября 2014 г. Мероприятие было проведено при поддержке Центра ти- бетской культуры и информации и Фонда содействия сохра- нению культурных и философских традиций тибетского буддизма «Сохраним Тибет». С сообщениями выступили 20 участников из России (Москва, Санкт-Петербург, Улан-Удэ), Индии (Дхарамсала, Варанаси) и Казахстана (Уральск). Круглый стол прошел в формате докладов и презентаций с их последующим свободным обсуждением. В результате состоялись обстоятельные дискуссии, позволившие участни- кам и гостям обсудить научные и религиоведческие проблемы в междисциплинарном дискурсе. Данный формат позволил сопоставить разные, порой существенно различающиеся точки зрения, что позволило участникам и гостям лучше понять существующие подходы в целях их дальнейшей науч- ной разработки. 7 В ходе круглого стола был обеспечен высококачественный синхронный перевод с русского языка на английский и с английского на русский, поэтому участники не испытывали лингвистического барьера ни во время выступлений, ни во время дискуссий. Круглый стол показал растущий интерес к вопросам тибе- тологии и буддологии, а также перспективность дальнейшего диалога науки и религии. Данное мероприятие еще раз пока- зало, что наука и буддизм являются не противостоящими, а взаимно не противоречащими сферами познания, дальней- шее взаимодействие которых будет способствовать их возрас- тающему взаимопониманию. Данный сборник содержит статьи, подготовленные по докладам и презентациям, представленным на круглом столе, так как не все авторы прислали свои статьи. Несколько докладов и презентаций переведено на русский язык. Последовательность статей в данном сборнике соответ- ствует последовательности докладов и презентаций на круг- лом столе. Каждая статья снабжена кратким англоязычным резюме. С.Л. Кузьмин, Т.Л. Шаумян Перспективы буддийской науки в России Тэло Тулку Ринпоче Почетный представитель Его Святейшества Далай-ламы в России, Монголии и странах СНГ, Верховный лама Калмыкии Telo Tulku Rinpoche. Prospects of Buddhist science in Russia. Main aspects of historical relations between Russia, Tibet and Mongolia are briefly provided. Russia has longer history of relations with Tibet than Europe and this provides a good basis for development of Buddhism, as well as buddhological and tibetological studies in Russia. Я придаю большое значение обсуждениям за круглым столом, они нас сближают, дают возможность узнать новое, поделиться мыслями и идеями. Я считаю принципиально важным сделать так, чтобы подобные конференции проходи- ли и в будущем. Мы собрались здесь для открытого обсужде- ния и поиска новых путей сотрудничества, а также для того, чтобы получить новую информацию в области тибетологии и буддологии. В Тибете в целом многое меняется, есть некоторые переме- ны к лучшему, однако много и очень печальных преобразова- ний. Я считаю, что наш долг как ученых, философов, историков поддерживать внимание к тибетскому вопросу, и не просто поддерживать, но быть в курсе последних событий. Когда мы 9 говорим о Тибете, речь идет не только об огромной территории, но и о многих других аспектах этой страны – тибетской культу- ре, самобытности, религии, фольклоре и так далее. Еще одна популярная тема – экология. Тибет называют «крышей мира», и кроме того, целый субконтинент – Южная Азия – зависит от рек, истоки которых находятся в ледниках Тибета и Гималаев. Не так давно Китай выступил с инициативой повернуть вспять некоторые из великих рек, что пагубно ска- жется не только на экологии Тибета, но и всего Юж- но-Азиатского субконтинента. Это весьма прискорбно, но в то же время не менее печально, что мировые эксперты- экологи не сумели привлечь внимание мировой общественно- сти к этому, что следовало бы сделать. Я считаю, что этот вопрос требует безотлагательного внимания, и не только ради интере- сов Тибета, но и всей Южной Азии. Я считаю также, что Россия призвана сыграть здесь значительную роль как евро-азиатская страна, раскинувшаяся на двух континентах – Европе и Азии. Убежден, что России отведена важная геополитическая роль в международных делах, в том числе в области экологии. В том, что касается
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lt Gen Gautam Banerjee, PVSM,AVSM,YSM (Retd)
    Lt Gen Gautam Banerjee, PVSM,AVSM,YSM (Retd) | 1 © Vivekananda International Foundation Published in 2021 by Vivekananda International Foundation 3, San Martin Marg | Chanakyapuri | New Delhi - 110021 Tel: 011-24121764 | Fax: 011-66173415 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.vifindia.org ISBN: 978-81-952151-0-2 Follow us on Twitter | @vifindia Facebook | /vifindia Disclaimer: The paper is the author’s individual scholastic articulation. The author certifies that the article/paper is original in content, unpublished and it has not been submitted for publication/web upload elsewhere, and that the facts and figures quoted are duly referenced, as needed, and are believed to be correct Cover Image Source : https://commons.wikimedia.org All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Contents Abstract 4 Preamble 6 Part I : Overview of PLA’s Pre-2018 Modernisation 10 Part II: Military Reforms and Modernisation: Enunciation of China’s Policy Directives, 2018 – 20 18 Part III: Progress of PLA’s Modernisation Schemes, 2018-20 31 Part IV: Training for Tactical Adaptation to Modernisation 42 Part V: Assessment of the Trends of PLA’s Modernisation, 2018-20 55 Part VI: PLA’s Foreign Military Relation Initiatives, 2018-20 66 Part VII: PLA in Sino-Indian Context, 2018-20 73 Part VII: Overall Assessment of PLA’s Modernisation and War-worthiness 87 Concluding Remarks 94 References 96 Abstract While the current phase of China’s military modernisation began in right earnest since the mid-1990s, it is the period after 2016 when the final step to defence hierarchical reforms was taken.
    [Show full text]
  • China's Logistics Capabilities for Expeditionary Operations
    China’s Logistics Capabilities for Expeditionary Operations The modular transfer system between a Type 054A frigate and a COSCO container ship during China’s first military-civil UNREP. Source: “重大突破！民船为海军水面舰艇实施干货补给 [Breakthrough! Civil Ships Implement Dry Cargo Supply for Naval Surface Ships],” Guancha, November 15, 2019 Primary author: Chad Peltier Supporting analysts: Tate Nurkin and Sean O’Connor Disclaimer: This research report was prepared at the request of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission to support its deliberations. Posting of the report to the Commission's website is intended to promote greater public understanding of the issues addressed by the Commission in its ongoing assessment of U.S.-China economic relations and their implications for U.S. security, as mandated by Public Law 106-398 and Public Law 113-291. However, it does not necessarily imply an endorsement by the Commission or any individual Commissioner of the views or conclusions expressed in this commissioned research report. 1 Contents Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................................................... 3 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................... 4 Methodology, Scope, and Study Limitations ........................................................................................................ 6 1. China’s Expeditionary Operations
    [Show full text]
  • China Shaping Tibet for Strategic Leverage
    MANEKSHAW PAPER No. 70, 2018 China Shaping Tibet for Strategic Leverage Praggya Surana D W LAN ARFA OR RE F S E T R U T D N IE E S C CLAWS VI CT N OR ISIO Y THROUGH V KNOWLEDGE WORLD Centre for Land Warfare Studies KW Publishers Pvt Ltd New Delhi New Delhi Editorial Team Editor-in-Chief : Lt Gen Balraj Nagal ISSN 23939729 D W LAN ARFA OR RE F S E T R U T D N IE E S C CLAWS VI CT N OR ISIO Y THROUGH V Centre for Land Warfare Studies RPSO Complex, Parade Road, Delhi Cantt, New Delhi 110010 Phone: +91.11.25691308 Fax: +91.11.25692347 email: [email protected] website: www.claws.in CLAWS Army No. 33098 The Centre for Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, is an autonomous think-tank dealing with national security and conceptual aspects of land warfare, including conventional and sub-conventional conflicts and terrorism. CLAWS conducts research that is futuristic in outlook and policy-oriented in approach. © 2018, Centre for Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi Disclaimer: The contents of this paper are based on the analysis of materials accessed from open sources and are the personal views of the author. The contents, therefore, may not be quoted or cited as representing the views or policy of the Government of India, or Integrated Headquarters of the Ministry of Defence (MoD) (Army), or the Centre for Land Warfare Studies. KNOWLEDGE WORLD www.kwpub.com Published in India by Kalpana Shukla KW Publishers Pvt Ltd 4676/21, First Floor, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi 110002 Phone: +91 11 23263498 / 43528107 email: [email protected] l www.kwpub.com Contents Introduction 1 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Herever Possible
    Published by Department of Information and International Relations (DIIR) Central Tibetan Administration Dharamshala-176215 H.P. India Email: [email protected] www.tibet.net Copyright © DIIR 2018 First edition: October 2018 1000 copies ISBN-978-93-82205-12-8 Design & Layout: Kunga Phuntsok / DIIR Printed at New Delhi: Norbu Graphics CONTENTS Foreword------------------------------------------------------------------1 Chapter One: Burning Tibet: Self-immolation Protests in Tibet---------------------5 Chapter Two: The Historical Status of Tibet-------------------------------------------37 Chapter Three: Human Rights Situation in Tibet--------------------------------------69 Chapter Four: Cultural Genocide in Tibet--------------------------------------------107 Chapter Five: The Tibetan Plateau and its Deteriorating Environment---------135 Chapter Six: The True Nature of Economic Development in Tibet-------------159 Chapter Seven: China’s Urbanization in Tibet-----------------------------------------183 Chapter Eight: China’s Master Plan for Tibet: Rule by Reincarnation-------------197 Chapter Nine: Middle Way Approach: The Way Forward--------------------------225 FOREWORD For Tibetans, information is a precious commodity. Severe restric- tions on expression accompanied by a relentless disinformation campaign engenders facts, knowledge and truth to become priceless. This has long been the case with Tibet. At the time of the publication of this report, Tibet has been fully oc- cupied by the People’s Republic of China (PRC) for just five months shy of sixty years. As China has sought to develop Tibet in certain ways, largely economically and in Chinese regions, its obsessive re- strictions on the flow of information have only grown more intense. Meanwhile, the PRC has ready answers to fill the gaps created by its information constraints, whether on medieval history or current growth trends. These government versions of the facts are backed ever more fiercely as the nation’s economic and military power grows.
    [Show full text]
  • China's “Bilingual Education” Policy in Tibet Tibetan-Medium Schooling Under Threat
    HUMAN CHINA’S “BILINGUAL EDUCATION” RIGHTS POLICY IN TIBET WATCH Tibetan-Medium Schooling Under Threat China's “Bilingual Education” Policy in Tibet Tibetan-Medium Schooling Under Threat Copyright © 2020 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-6231-38141 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org MARCH 2020 ISBN: 978-1-6231-38141 China's “Bilingual Education” Policy in Tibet Tibetan-Medium Schooling Under Threat Map ........................................................................................................................ i Summary ................................................................................................................ 1 Chinese-Medium Instruction in Primary Schools and Kindergartens .......................................... 2 Pressures
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    TIBET UNDER COMMUNIST CHINA Introduction Tibet Under Communist China—50 Years is a detailed and comprehensive examination of the various strands of Beijing’s imperial strategy to cement its rule over one of the restive outposts of communist China’s sprawling empire. It sheds new light on the over-arching geopolitical impulses that drive China to initiate new, and sometimes contradictory, policies in Tibet, only to reverse them in a decade or two, all in the attempt to ensure that one loose brick does not bring the whole imperial edifice crumbling down. In this respect, Tibet Under Communist China—50 Years will be a new resource to both China specialists, governments, businessmen and other interested parties in their understanding of the world’s largest surviving empire, which also happens to be its biggest market with a booming economy and an insatiable appetite for energy and other resources. As long as China remained a one-party dictatorship sticking to a socialist pattern of development, the natural resources of the so-called minority peoples were fairly safe. Now with China’s conversion to a market economy with one of the highest annual growth rate in the world, the abundant natural resources on the fringes of the empire are rapidly exploited to fuel the dynamic development of the centre. The change of the Chinese attitude to its imperial fringes, from mere imperial outposts to resource-rich colonies to supply the raw material to maintain a dynamic economy, should be of enormous concern to the so-called minorities who inhabit these vast regions endowed with rich natural resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Defence Reforms and Lessons for India
    Chinese Defence Reforms and Lessons for India D S Rana Introduction Since the formation of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), China’s defence forces have evolved through various stages of modernisation with a focus on doctrinal changes, structural reforms, as well as reduction of forces. Post Mao era, the first sincere attempt to infuse professionalism in the outdated People’s Liberation Army (PLA) commenced in the true sense, when ‘national defence’ was made one of the ‘Four Modernisations,’ as announced by Deng Xiaoping in 1978. This boost towards military modernisation was catalysed by the reduced threat perception post disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991 and greater allocation in the defence budget for upgradation post 1995, as boosted by an improved Chinese economy. The display of high-end technology by the US in the Gulf War and its outcome forced the Chinese brass for the first time to acknowledge the PLA’s shortcomings for future wars, and served as a trigger for the present stage of reforms.1 As a result of the assessed “period of strategic opportunity” by China in the beginning of the 21st century and the consequent Hu Jintao’s new set of “historic missions” for the PLA, the concept of ‘the Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) with Chinese characteristics’ was enunciated through China’s 2004 National Defence White Paper. As a follow-up, the timeline for the modernisation of the Brigadier D S Rana is presently posted as Directing Staff in the Higher Command Wing, Army War College, Mhow. 138 CLAWS Journal l Summer 2019 CHINESE DEFENCE REFORMS AND LESSONS FOR INDIA PLA was laid out in three steps in the following 2006 White Paper.
    [Show full text]
  • PLA Joint Exercises in Tibet: Implications for India
    FEBRUARY 2020 PLA Joint Exercises in Tibet: Implications for India RAJESWARI PILLAI RAJAGOPALAN PULKIT MOHAN PLA Joint Exercises in Tibet: Implications for India RAJESWARI PILLAI RAJAGOPALAN PULKIT MOHAN ABOUT THE AUTHORS Dr Rajeswari Pillai Rajagopalan is a Distinguished Fellow and Head of Space and Nuclear Policy Initiative at ORF. She is also the senior Asia defence writer for The Diplomat. She is the author of four books: Nuclear Security in India (2015), Clashing Titans: Military Strategy and Insecurity among Asian Great Powers (2012), The Dragon’s Fire: Chinese Military Strategy and Its Implications for Asia (2009), and Uncertain Eagle: US Military Strategy in Asia (2009). Pulkit Mohan is a Junior Fellow at ORF’s Space and Nuclear Policy Initiative. Before joining ORF, Pulkit was an Editorial Assistant with a leading development journal. She obtained her Master’s degree in International Relations from the London School of Economics. ISBN: 978-93-89622-66-9 © 2020 Observer Research Foundation. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing from ORF. PLA Joint Exercises in Tibet: Implications for India ABSTRACT Since 2015, China has been undertaking a thorough restructuring of its military, under the leadership of President Xi Jinping. This has involved significant changes in the operational structure of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), with the modernisation and optimisation of the military to bring about better jointness and overall efficiency. This paper examines the PLA reforms as they pertain to training and jointness in the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) and the Sino-Indian border areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary of Chinese and English Terms
    Glossary of Chinese and enGlish Terms The main Chinese and English terms, slogans, and names used in the book are listed here with their equivalents in Chinese characters and in pinyin, the standard form of romanization used in the PrC. An asterisk indicates a personal name. achieving a basically well- off society成就小康社会 chengjiu xiaokang shehui. A slogan developed by Hu Jintao, ccp Secretary from 2002 to 2012, and declared by Xi Jinping to be an objective that China should achieve by 2021. agricultural production mutual aid groups 农业生产互助组 nongye shengchan huzhuzu. Mutual aid groups (also called mutual aid teams) were created by the ccp during the first stage of land reform in the 1950, prior to the creation of communes. The groups shared labor and some capital but individual households remained the basic unit of ownership and production. By 1960, eight thousand mutual aid teams had been established in Tibet. amban 安办 anban. The Manchu term for the imperial commissioners posted to Tibet and other areas during the Qing dynasty to oversee and liaise with local rulers. anti- splittism 反分裂主义 fan fenlie zhuyi. A term used by regime critics and dissidents from the late 1990s onward to mock officials who exaggerate reports of “splittism” (see below) in order to enhance their positions or to increase their access to government funding. April 1 Directive 四‧一指示 siyi zhishi. Instructions issued by Mao and the Central Cultural Revolution Small Group in April 1967 ordering the military to stop suppressing rebels and Red Guards. The April 1 Directive praised leftist students and others who had earlier attacked the military.
    [Show full text]
  • The Strategic Postures of China and India: a Visual Guide
    MARCH 2020 The Strategic Postures of China and India: A Visual Guide Frank O’Donnell Alex Bollfrass Force Tables Reference Sheet This document contains the accompanying tables for “The Strategic Postures of China and India: A Visual Guide.” See the full report and the accompanying interactive maps at belfercenter.org/StrategicPostures The Strategic Postures of China and India: A Visual Guide | Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs | March 2020 1 Ground Forces: China Icon Name Parent Force Type Force Numbers Location Command Tibet Military 52nd Mountain Infantry Brigade HQ Infantry Brigade ~ 4,600 (total) Link District (MD) Unit 77675, 52nd Mountain Infantry Tibet MD Infantry Battalion ~ 700 Link Brigade Unit 77678, Artillery Regiment, 52nd Tibet MD Artillery Regiment ~ 1,100 Link Mountain Infantry Brigade 1st Battalion, 52nd Mountain Infantry Tibet MD Infantry Battalion ~ 700 Link Brigade 2nd Battalion, 52nd Mountain Infantry Tibet MD Infantry Battalion ~ 700 Link Brigade 3rd Battalion, 52nd Mountain Infantry Tibet MD Infantry Battalion ~ 700 Link Brigade 4th Battalion, 52nd Mountain Infantry Tibet MD Infantry Battalion ~ 700 Link Brigade 53rd Mountain Infantry Brigade HQ Tibet MD Infantry Brigade ~ 4,600 (total) Link Unit 77680, 53rd Mountain Infantry Tibet MD Infantry Battalion ~ 700 Link Brigade Artillery Regiment, Unit 77683, 53rd Tibet MD Artillery Regiment ~ 1,100 Link Mountain Infantry Brigade 1st Battalion, 53rd Mountain Infantry Tibet MD Infantry Battalion ~ 700 Link Brigade 2nd Battalion, 53rd Mountain Infantry
    [Show full text]
  • Tibet and China-Tibet-Fact Finding Mission Report-1960-Eng
    [ M P P Z^tLr’ Ui\rJjLlsdsL’Yl Oi^ ‘ -'■-- I^C"' • ’--O-. t -£ ','~ ? ■ *•«..;;%--I - • • •-.-**- • -:"*-•*• '~;2^' -: .£&i<.Z•*, •„r, ’•’•.. •. ji. 1 : ■'■;\K<i>:'" •’....'. -u -iv ' ‘j;x. “It may happen that here in the centre o f Tibet the religion and the secular administration will be similarly attacked from without and within, and the holders o f the Faith, the glorious Rebirths, will be broken down and left without a'name. As regards the monasteries and the priesthood, their lands and properties will be destroyed. The officers o f State, ecclesiastical and lay, will find their lands seized and their other property confiscated, and they themselves made to serve their enemies or wander about the country as beggars do. All beings will be sunk in hardship and fear, and the nights will drag on slowly in suffering ,! —from the Political Testameot of the thirteenth Dalai Lama (d. 1933). Sir Charles Bell, Portrait o f the Dalai Lama (1946), p. 380. CONTENTS • F orew ord by the Secretary-General of the International Com­ mission of Jurists ............................................................... VII Explanatory notes A bbreviations............................................... ....................... xi Notes on the principal persons m en tioned ....................... xi Notes on Tibetan words and customs referred to . xu Note on Chinese sources q u o t e d ....................................... xiu REPORT TO THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION OF JURISTS BY THE LEGAL INQUIRY COMMITTEE ON TIBET R eport by the Committee to the Secretary-General................. 3 Introduction . ^ ................................................. 7 Chapter One T he Evidence relating to Genocidb Introduction........................................................................... 10 The intent to destroy Buddhism in Tibet: 1. Chinese statements from Chinese sources .... 14 2.
    [Show full text]
  • The Self Immolators
    The Self Immolators --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 2013 Feb. Day Blakely Donaldson The book can be discussed and downloaded at: http://thespeaker.co/book-the-self-immolators-2013-day-blakely- donaldson/ 2 The Self Immolators 3 Preface This book was meant to be without a preface (or introduction) or Table of Contents. Please read it last if anything, and then comment or write in the book, and then let them be just another set of comments. This book was meant to be simply and regularly, the biographies and testimonies of the self immolators. I wrote it after coming across a self immolation that referred to three others. Could there be so many? It remained a line on a page of notes I was adding to and sometimes getting to one or another. A month or more later, I addressed the note, that still stood out, and looked it up. Investigating the self immolator and his reference to three others, or being among three such, I found more, and looking into those, more, until it was dozens. The source of information I thought should didn't exist in a book or anywhere online, and I just began to write it, naturally and as a stream. As I collected and searched out, and wrote the biographies and copied or translated the testaments and statements, it turned out there were more still, until it was hundreds and the book reached the size it is. I wrote and edited it in about a month in spring 2013, and continued to discover and add--and some added themselves, Tibetans continued to self immolate while I wrote--until I stopped writing.
    [Show full text]