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Proquest Dissertations El humor como principio organizador de las obras de Augusto Monterroso y la Huelga de Dolores Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Garrido, Rony Enrique Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 27/09/2021 19:55:37 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290690 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has t>een reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quaiity of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bieedthrough. substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overiaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6* x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an addittonal charge. Contact UMI directly to order. ProQuest Information and Leaming 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 EL HUMOR COMO PRINCIPIO ORGANIZADOR DE LAS OBRAS DE AUGUSTO MONTERROSO Y LA HUELGA DE DOLORES by Rony Enrique Garrido Copyright © Rony Enrique Garrido 2001 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WITH A MAJOR IN SPANISH In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2 0 0 1 UMI Number; 3023527 Copyright 2001 by Garrido, Rony Enrique All rights reserved. ® UMI UMI Microfonm 3023527 Copyright 2001 by Bell & Howell Infomiation and teaming Company. All rights reserved. This microfonn edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA « GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Ro"y Enrique Garrtdo entitled como principio organizador de las obras de Augusto Monterroso y la Huelga de Dolores and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling Che dissertation J ^ r .u n r Doctor oE Philosophy requirement for the Degree of ' iana S. Riyero ^/3i hi R* tHlliansen \ / 0 cJlujayuc/^ / • -^-krGcA Eduard W. Hood Date Date Date Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that It be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. A / Directo^ Eliana S. Riveco Date / 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgement of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED 4 AGRADECIMIENTOS La tarea de escribir esta disertacidn ha sido un proceso largo y lleno de dudas, descubrimientos y sobre todo enmiendas en marcha^ en el cual han jugado un papel crucial cada uno de mis lectores. Es por esta raz6n que hago constar mi m§s profundo agradecimiento a todos ellos, en especial a mi directora, la Dra. Eliana Rivero. Sus sugerencias y comentarios han sido extremadamente litiles# y en todo momento han mostrado su extraordinaria lucidez y profundidad de lectura. Los otros lectores, la Dra. Amy Williamsen, la Dra. Lydia Fossa y el Dr. Edward Hood tambi^n han contribuido grandemente a enriquecer el proceso de escritura, cada uno agregando su particular punto de vista. Deseo, ademas, hacer un reconocimiento especial al Dr. Jos^ Promis, quien desempefl6 el papel de director en las primeras etapas de este trabajo. Finalmente, quiero reconocer el incondicional apoyo moral que he recibido teinto de mi compafiera de lucha. Norma Rueda, como de mis padres, Efrain Garrido y Aglay Prado. Sin su confianza y estimulo, este trabajo no hubiera sido posible. 5 iMDICE INTRODUCCION 9 CAPrrULO I: PR0LEG6MEN0S TEORICOS DEL HUMOR 15 Sinopsis histdrica de las teorias del humor IS Planteamiento tedrico de Paulos 17 Epistemologia caitesiana 21 AmbigQedad epistemoldgica del humor; Un caso especifico 25 La representacion; Descartes y Heidegger 33 Discursos posmodemos; La nueva manera de ser del signo 46 Sobre la oblicuidad de la representacion 51 Conclusion 59 CAPITULO DOS; ANTECEDENTES BIOGRAHCOS DE AUGUSTO MONTERROSO Y DATOS HISTORICOS DE LA HUELGA DE DOLORES 62 PRIMERA PARTE; HAQA UNA IMAGEN BIOGRAHCA DEL AUTOR 62 ^Hondurefio, guatemalteco o mexicano? 63 Sufamilia 68 Monterroso y la literatura como inseguridad 74 Escuela primaria, primeras lecturas 79 Satira, ironia, humor y poHtica en Augusto Monterroso 84 SEGUNDA PARTE; DATOS HISTORICOS DE LA HUELGA DE DOLORES 94 ^En que consiste la Huelga y como surgio? 96 Primeros aAos de la Huelga 99 La Huelga como una institucion contestataria 101 Momentos memorables de la Huelga 106 El humor y la Huelga de Dolores 112 CAPITULO TRES; LA OBUCUIDAD DE AUGUSTO MONTERROSO 114 PRIMERA PARTE; MONTERROSO Y LA CRmCA 115 Creciente interes por el autor 115 Diferentes acercamientos a su obra 117 Lo posmodemo en Augusto Monterroso 123 SEGUNDA PARTE; LAS DIFERENTES CARAS DE LA OBUCUIDAD EN AUGUSTO MONTERROSO 127 La cara sonriente de la oblicuidad; Irom'a, s4tira y otras miscaras del humor. 128 La cara amarga de la oblicuidad; El pesimismo en Monterroso 140 El escepticismo y el relativismo en Monterroso 152 El desplazamiento genmco en Monterroso 164 CONCLUSION 176 CAPITULO CUATRO; LAHUELGADE DOLORES 179 PRIMERA PARTE; LO DIALOGICO-CARNAVALESCO DEL HUMOR 179 Dialogia y oblicuidad en el humor Dos caras de la misma moneda 179 Ambigue^ dialogica del humor: Un caso especifico 191 Caracteristicas relevantes del camaval 200 6 SEGUNDAPARTE; LARISACARNAVALESCADE LAHUELGADE DOLORES 205 La Huelga de Dolores; Su prehistoria camavalesca y mesoamericana 205 La Huelga como un discurso de resistencia 217 Oblicuidad en la Huelga de Dolores 227 CONCLUSION 241 OBRAS CONSULTADAS 246 7 ABSTRACT This dissertation studies selected works of the Guatemalan writer Augusto Monterroso and documents related to a cultural event known as the Huelga de Dolores, which takes place annually in Guatemala City during the days preceding Holy Week. These texts are analyzed from the perspective of humor, understanding humor not simply as one element among others but -more fundamentally- as an oblique way to approach and apprehend reality. In this way, humor constitutes an organizing principle of the writings of Monterroso and the documents published by the huelgueros. Chapter one reviews several theoretical interpretations of humor. Here, special attention is given to \the theory of incongruity. It is argued that most theories of humor are rooted in a Cartesian epistemology and that a different approach should be considered, one that is more in line with the modern episteme. Chapter two is a biographical profile of Augusto Monterroso, which offers insight into his artistic sensibility. This chapter also includes a discussion of the history and evolution of the Huelga. The event began as an informal and spontaneous student celebration, and it has evolved into a social institution whose agenda includes a carnivalesque attack on 8 different aspects of Guatemala's contemporary economic, political and social situation. Chapter three begins with a characterization of the extant literary criticism of Monterroso's works, from the 60s to the present. This chapter also examines the author's distinctive trait of obliqueness, which is evident not only in his use of irony, satire, and parody, but also in his pessimism, skepticism, relativism, and displacement of literary genres. Chapter four compares the notions of obliqueness and dialogism, and it offers the conclusion that they refer to the same essential characteristic of humor. Additionally, this chapter addresses the dialogical nature of humor and how such nature is related to several characteristics of medieval carnivals. The fourth chapter also establishes connections between the carnival and the Huelga de Dolores and it analyzes the oblique modes of the huelgueros' discourse. 9 IHTRODUCCldN Esta disertaci6n estudia, desde la perspectlva del humor, obras seleccionadas del escritor guatemalteco Augusto Monterroso
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