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0 'Zbek Tilining Tarixiy Grammatikasi 0 ‘ZBEK TILINING TARIXIY GRAMMATIKASI f o n e t i k a , morfologiya v a S IN T A K S IS iTißnkiston RespubJikasi Oliy va o \ría maxsus ta lim vaziríigi tasdiqlagan Universitetlarva pedagogika institutlarining filologiya fakultetlari bakalavriat ta’lim yo‘nalishi talabalari uchun darslik 0 ‘ZBEKIST0N FAYLASUFLARI MILLIY JAMIYATI NASHRIYOTI TOSHKENT 2008 81.20‘zb A15 Abdurahmonov G‘. 0 ‘zbek tilining tarixiy grammatikasi: Universitetlar va pedagogika institutlarining filologiya fakultetlari bakalavriat ta’lim yo'nalishi talabalari uchun darslik /G ‘. Abdurahmonov, Sh. Shukurov, Q. M ahm udov.T .: 0 ‘zbekiston faylasuflari milliy jamiyati nashriyoti, 2008. - 528 b. I. Shukurov Sh. II. Mahmudov Q. BBK81.2 Uzb—923 Darslikning «Kirish», «Sintaksis», «Jadvallar*, «Testlar», «Tekshirish uchun savollar», «Tayanch tushunchalar», «Mustaqil ish mavzulari», «Tahlil uchun matnlar*, «Lug‘atlar» qismini akademik G‘.A. Abdurahmonov, «Fonetika* boMimini professor Q.Mahmudov, «Morfologiya* qismini professor Sh.Shukurov yozgan. Mas’ul muharrirlar: 0 ‘z FA akademigi A. Rustamov, 0 ‘z FA akademigi G‘. Abdurahmonov ISBN 978-9943-319-55-4 © «0‘zbekiston faylasuflari milliy jamiyati nashriyoti*, 2008 MUALLIFLARDAN Ushbu darslik turkiy (o‘zbek) tili yozma yodgorliklar tilining tahlili asosida yozildi. Ma’lumki, o‘zbek tiliga oid yozma yodgorliklar lingvistik tomondan kam o‘rganilgan, ularning ko‘pchiligi bo‘yicha ilmiy-tanqidiy matnlar yaratilmagan, ayrim- larining esa, hatto, ommaviy nashri ham yuzaga kelgan emas. Bu hol o‘zbektili tarixi bo‘yicha darslik va qoMlanmalaryaratish ishida ma’lum qiyinchiüklartug‘diradi. Bundan tashqari, XIII—XIV asrlar davomida 0 ‘rta Osiyoda, ayniqsa, Xorazm va Oltin 0 ‘rda xonligi hududida yaratilgan manbalarning alohida adabiy tilni tashkil etishi masalasi hozirgacha munozarali bolib kelmoqda. Bu hududda yaratilgan adabiyotlarda mahalliy sheva (urug‘) tili xususiyati boMsa ham, ular yagona o‘zbek adabiy tilini tashkil etadilar. Shuning uchun ham bu manbalardan to‘la foydalanildi. Izohlanayotgan til hodisalari qadimgi turkiy yodgorliklar, ya’ni 0 ‘rxun-Enasoy matnlariga hamda “Devonu lug‘atit-turk” va “Qu- tadg‘u bilig” asarlarining tili bilan qiyoslab borildi. Qadimgi turkiy yodgorliklar tili hozirgi zamon o‘quvchisiga to‘la tushunarli boMma- ganligi sababli bu manbalardan keltirilgan misollarning hozirgi o‘zbek tiliga tavsifi ham berildi. Yozma yodgorliklardan keltirilgan misollar, ayrim hollardan tashqari, tadrijiy tartibda bo‘lib, har bir misolning manbai ko‘rsatib o‘tildi. Darsning amaliy qismi uchun «Testlar», «Tekshirish uchun savollar», «Tayanch tushunchalar», «Mustaqil ish mavzulari», «Tahlil uchun matnlar» berildi. Darslikning qoMyozmasiga taqriz yozgan va uning muhoka- masida ishtirok etgan barcha olimlarga qimmatli maslahatlari uchun mualliflar cliuqur minnatdorchilik bildiradilar. Darslik bo'yicha taklif, tuzatish va mulohazalarni nashriyotga yoki Toshkent Davlat sharqshunoslik institutiga yuborilishini iltimos qilamiz. TRANSKRIPSION BELGILAR Unlilar uchun a — til orqa, lablanmagan, keng. ä — til oldi, lablanmagan, o‘rta-keng. e — til oldi, lablanmagan, o‘rta-keng. i — til oldi, lablanmagan, tor. i — til orqa, lablanmagan, tor. о — til orqa, lablangan, o‘rta-keng. о — til oldi, lablangan, o‘rta-keng. u — til orqa, lablangan, tor. ii — ti! oldi, lablangan, tor. ä — orqa qator o‘rta-keng unli bo‘lib, fors-tojik va XIV asrdan boshlab o'zbek adabiy tilidagi so‘zlarda qo'llanadi. Arabcha so‘zlardagi til o‘rta, qisqa (a) unlisi va forscha-tojikcha so'zlardagi til oldi, qisqa (a) unlisi (a) orqali berildi (masalan, amal, qalam, shahar, safar). Undoshlar uchun q (ng) — portlovchi, burun tovushi, sonor — (masalan, m u j, meq> кед); j — til oldi, jarangli, qorishiq undosh — (masalan, juft.jumla) va til oldi, jarangli, sirg‘a!uvchi (masalan, jumal); j — ti! oldi, jarangli, sirg‘aluvchi undosh — (masalan, ajdar, ajun). sh — til oldi, jarangsiz, sirg‘aluvchi; ch — til oldi, jarangsiz, qorishiq; g‘ — chuqur til orqa, jarangli. Boshqa undoshlar uchun hozirgi o‘zbek alfavitida mavjud bo‘lgan quyidagi belgilar qo‘llandi: b, v, g, d, z, y, k, 1, m, n, p, r, s, t, f, x, ch, sh, q, g‘, h. Arab va fors so‘zlarida ishlatiladigan ¿ (se), ^ (sod), ^ (zod), j. (to), (zo) undoshlari uchun odatdagi (s), (z), (t) belgilari olindi. Tish aro jarangli j undoshi belgisi uchun d olindi. SHARTLI QISQARTMALAR Foydalanilgan adabiy asarlar Abushqa — Lug'ati Abushqa (V.V. Velyaminov-Zernov nashri: SPb., 1868). Amiriy — Yusuf Amiriy. Bang va chog‘ir orasinda muno- zara (Qolyozma, Britaniya muzeyi, Add. 7914). BY — Vosifiy. Badoe ul vaqoe (Dilovor tarjimasi. Qo‘Iyozma, 0 ‘zFA Sharqshunoslik instituti, inv. № 3344). BN — Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur. Boburnoma (N.I. Ilminskiy nashri, Kazan, 1857). Bobur — Bobur. Devon (A.N.Samoylovich nashri, Pet­ rograd, 1917). Gulxaniy — Gulxaniy. Zarbulmasal (F. Is’hoqov nashri, Tosh- kent, 1976). DN — Yusuf Amiriy. Dahnoma (Qo'lyozma, Britaniya muzeyi. Add. 7914). KT, kt — Kultegin sha’niga qo‘yilgan katta yodnoma. KT, kch — Kultegin, kichik yodnoma. LN — Xo‘jandiy. Latofatnoma (Qo‘lyozma, Britaniya muzeyi, Add. 7914). Lutfiy — Lutfiy. Devon (Qo'lyozma, Britaniya muzeyi, Add. 7914). M K yoki — Mahmud Koshg‘ariy. Devonu Iug‘atit-turk (S. DLT M. Mutallibov nashri, Toshkent, 1960, 1961, 1963). MN — Xorazmiy. Muhabbatnoma (Qo‘lyozma, Brita­ niya muzeyi, Add. 7914). Munis — Shermuhammad Munis. Tanlangan asarlar (Nashrga tayyorlovchi Yu.Yusupov, Toshkent, 1957). Muqimiy — Muqimiy. AsarJarto'pJami. Ikki tomlik (Nashrga tayyorlovchi G \ Karimov, Toshkent, 1960). Navoiy, LT — Alisher Navoiy. Lisonut tayr (Hmiy-tanqidiy matn. Tayyorlovchi Sharafiddin Eshonxo‘jayev, Toshkent, 1965). Navoiy, MA — Mezonu’l evzon (Tanqidiy matn. Tayyorlovchi Prof. dr. Eraslan, Anqara, 1993. Navoiy, ML — Alisher Navoiy. Muhokamat-ul lug‘atayn. (M .Quatrem ere nashri, Parij, 1841). Navoiy, MN — Alisher Navoiy. Majolisun nafois (Ilmiy-tanqi- diy matn. Tayyorlovchi S.G'aniyeva, Toshkent, 1961). Navoiy, Msh — Alisher Navoiy. Munshaot (Qo‘lyozma: M. E. Saltikov-Shchedrin nomidagi Sankt-Peterburg Dav- lat kutubxonasi, X—55). Navoiy, MQ — Alisher Navoiy. Mahbub-ul qulub (Tanqidiy matn. Tayyorlovchi A. N. Kononov, M. — L., 1948). Navoiy, SI — Alisher Navoiy. Saddi Iskandariy (Porso Shamsiyev nashri, Toshkent, 1961). Navoiy, SS — Alisher Navoiy. Sab’ayi sayyor (llmiy-tanqidiy matn. Tayyorlovchi Porso Shamsiyev, Toshkent, 1956). Navoiy, FK — Alisher Navoiy. Favoidul kibar (Qo‘lyozma, Sharqshunoslik instituti, inv. №774). Navoiy, FSH — Alisher Navoiy. Farhod va Shirin (Tanqidiy matn. Tayyorlovchi Porso Shamsiyev, Toshkent, 1963). Navoiy, — Alisher Navoiy. Chordevon (Qo‘lyozma, Sharq­ CHD shunoslik instituti, inv. №677). Navoiy, G‘S — Alisher Navoiy. G ‘aroyibus-sig‘ar. (Qo‘lyozma, Sharqshunoslik instituti, inv. №790). Navoiy, HA — Alisher Navoiy. Hayratul-abror (Ilmiy-tanqi- diy matn. Tayyorlovchi Porso Shamsiyev, Tosh­ kent, 1970). NF — Mahmud Ali. Nahjul farodis (Ya.Ekman nashri, Anqara, 1956). Atoiy — Atoiy. Devon (Qo‘lyozma: Sharqshunoslik institutining Sankt-Peterburg boMimi, V -2456). PDP — Малов С.У. Памятники древнетюркской письменности. М. Л., 1951. Sakkokiy — Sakkokiy. Devon (Qo‘lyozma, Britaniya mu- zeyi, Add. 2079). Sanglah — Mirza Mehdiyxon. Sanglah (J.Klosson nashri, London, 1960). Saroyi — Sayfi Saroyi. Guliston bit-turkiy (H.Usmonov va Z.Maqsudovalar nashri, Qozon, 1980). Suvr — Suvarnaprabhasa (“Oltun yoruq”dan). (Малов С. E. Памятники древнетюркской письмен­ ности. М. —Л., 1951). Tafsir — 0 ‘rta Osiyo tafsiri (Qo‘lyozma, Sharqshunoslik institutining Sankt-Peterburg bo‘limi, S— 197). TVG — Turkiston viloyatining gazeti. TN — To‘tinoma (Qo‘lyozma, Sharqshunoslik ins­ titutining Sankt-Peterburg bo‘limi, S - 172/11). Tog. — Togyuquq sha’niga qo‘yilgan yodnoma (Ма­ лое С. E. Памятники древнетюркской письмен­ ности, М. —Л., 1951). ТГ — Turfan matnlari (V. Bang va A. Gaben nashrlari, Berlin, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1934, 1954, 958, 1959). FI — Munis va Ogahiy. Firdavsul iqbol (Qo'lyozma, Sharqshunoslik institutining Sankt-Peterburg bo‘limi, S-571). Furqat — Furqat. Tanlangan asarlar. Ikki tomlik (Nashrga tayyorlovchi Xolid Rasul, Toshkent, 1959). XSH — Qutb. Xisrav va Shirin (A. Zayonchkovskiy nashri, Varshava, 1954). SHN — Muhammad Solih. Shayboniynoma (Т. M. Me- lioranskiy nashri, SPb., 1908). SH.tar. — Abulg‘ozi Bahodirxon. Shajarai tarokima (A. N. Kononov nashri, M. -L., 1958). SH.turk — Abulg‘ozi Bahodirxon. Shajarai turk (N. Ru- myansev nashri, Kazan, 1925). Yaqiniy — Yaqiniy. 0 ‘q (va) yoy orasinda munozara (QoMyozma, Britaniya muzeyi, Add. 7914). 0 ‘N — 0 ‘g‘uznoma (A. M. Sherbak nashri, М., 1959). 0 ‘rx.-En. — 0 ‘rxun-Enasoy yodgorliklari (М алов С. E. Памятники древ­ нетюркской письменности. М. — Л., 1951). 2. Енисейская пись­ менность тюрков. М. -L., 1952; 3. (М алов С. Е. Памятники древ­ нетюркской письменности Мон­ голии и Киргизии. М. -L., 1959). Qad. uyg*. — Qadimgi uyg‘urtili yodgorliklari (“Oltun yoruq”, “Irq bitig”, “Ti- shastvistik”, “Xuastuanift” kabi qadimgi uyg‘ur yozuvidagi obidalar). QA Rabg‘uziy. Qissasul anbiyo. (QoMyozma, Sharqshunoslik instituti). QB — Yusuf Xos Hojib. Qutadg‘u bilig (1. QoMyozma, Sharqshunoslik ins­ tituti, inv № 1809 (Namangan nus- xasi); 2. Q. Karimov nashri, Tosh- kent, 1971). QR — Qissasi Rabg'uziy (QoMyozma, Sharqshunoslik institutining Sankt- Peterburg boMimi, S-245). Haydar — Haydar Xorazmiy. Mahzanul asror (QoMyozma, Britaniya muzeyi, Add. 7914). Huvaydo — Huvaydo. Devon (Litografik nashr, Toshkent, 1913). HH — Ahmad Yugnakiy. Hibatul haqoyiq (1. Rashid Rahmatiy Arat nashri, Istanbul, 1952;
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