HUMANITARIAN

2016 RESPONSE PLAN MONITORING REPORT JANUARY-JUNE 2016

PREPARED BY THE WHOLE OF SYRIA ISCCG FOR THE SSG

SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC

Credit: UNHCR EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

ESTIMATED PEOPLE CHILDREN IN PEOPLE IN HARD-TO-REACH PEOPLE IN BESIEGED NUMBER OF FOOD IN NEED NEED LOCATIONS LOCATIONS INSECURE PEOPLE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY M M M M 6.7M 13.5 6 4.88 0.59 increased 6%, from 6.3M Now entering its sixth year, the conflict in Syria continues to all 18 besieged locations in Syria, in some cases multiple times in September 2015 take a drastic toll on the lives of the Syrian people and to drive (net total is 354,150). Nonetheless, bureaucratic hurdles continue * Figure includes population in besieged areas an unprecedented humanitarian and protection crisis: some to hinder operations, while increased fighting has precluded 13.5 million people are in need of humanitarian assistance and access to a number of besieged areas in the last months due protection services, including 6 million children. Since 2011, as to difficulties securing humanitarian pauses. Cross-border entire neighbourhoods have been destroyed, over half of Syria’s operations continued largely unimpeded during the escalation of population has been displaced, often multiple times. With host conflict in January and February. Over recent months, however, countries now providing refuge to some 4.8 million Syrian the cross-border response has been affected – and in some cases refugees, the crisis is also having an immense social and economic temporarily suspended – due to developments along Syria’s impact on Syria’s neighbors. As refugee flows have increased, borders with Turkey, Jordan, and Iraq. Lebanon, Turkey, and Jordan have increasingly restricted the Despite increased cross-line access to besieged and hard to reach admission to their territories, leaving hundreds of thousands areas, the scale of needs in Syria remains overwhelming. Some TUREY stranded on Syria’s borders in often desperate conditions. 6.7 million people are unable to obtain the basic food required

P Al-Hasaeh 2016 commenced with widespread hostilities across the country, to meet their needs and two thirds of the population do not which intensified in the lead up to political negotiations in have consistent access to safe drinking water. Access to essential Aleppo P February. After the “cessation of hostilities” agreement came services remains severely disrupted, with health facilities, into effect at the end of February, the level of conflict noticeably schools and other essential services operating at reduced P P Ar-Raa diminished in some areas and brought temporary respite to capacity or closed, despite ever-growing demand. A deep Idleb affected people, with the notable exception of Aleppo and economic recession, fluctuating national currency, unilateral Daraya. In addition, the combination of international support financial and economic coercive measures (sanctions), and P Lattaia through the International Syria Support Group and reduced disruption of markets have further contributed to extreme P deir-e-or fighting enabled increased cross-line humanitarian access to vulnerability of Syrians across the country. Unemployment Hama P besieged and hard-to-reach areas. As of April however, the has skyrocketed and, as people have exhausted their savings level of conflict gradually increased across areas covered by the and resources, an estimated one in three households have 02 P 03 Tartous cessation of hostilities agreement, while operations against ISIL gone into debt. Child labour, early and/or forced marriage, P were stepped up. Throughout the reporting period, parties to and recruitment of children by armed groups have become Homs the conflict continued to impose punitive sieges and blockades, increasingly widespread. IDP settlements – a last resort in

Mediterranean Sea engage in disproportionate attacks against densely-populated Syria – have expanded, while living conditions therein have areas, and target civilians and civilian infrastructure, including deteriorated due to inadequate space and increased insecurity. SYRIAN ARAb REPUbLIC medical facilities, markets, bakeries, and schools. Humanitarian Despite a significant funding shortfall and a multitude of staff and warehouses were also severely affected. LEbANON challenges on the ground, the humanitarian community The temporary lull in hostilities and pause in aerial continues to respond to the critical need of crisis-affected P Rural damascus damascusDamascus bombardment between February and April led to a decrease of communities across Syria. On average, 5.7 million people have rapid-onset displacements, although an estimated 900,000 people been receiving monthly food assistance and up to 2.8 million UNDOF Administered were still forced from their homes or areas of residence in the last people have received some form of direct assistance in the last Area P IRA uneitra six months. As of mid-2016, the estimated number of internally six months, including water, hygiene and sanitation supplies as dara P displaced in country is 6.1 million people, down from 6.5 million well as support to agricultural production and other non-food P As-Sweida in October 2015. Alongside calls for greater international burden- items. A further estimated 5 million people have benefited from sharing, neighbouring countries have increasingly restricted service-oriented interventions, such as water purification and admission to their territories, leaving hundreds of thousands on medical interventions, including over one million children umber of people in need Syria’s borders in deplorable conditions, including an estimated and youth, who benefited from learning and development 100,000 IDPs in Azaz and, according to Government of Jordan, programmes. A further one million people benefited from JORdAN 21,001 1,066,000 92,000 people at the ‘berm’, on Syria’s southeastern border with livelihood support and early recovery interventions. 109,001 21,000 Jordan. Meanwhile, in response to over one million new arrivals 52,001 109,000 Despite this progress, critical gaps remain: 125 sub-districts out on European shores in 2015, almost half of whom were Syrian, 2,001 52,000 of a total of 272 remain underserved, with very few actors able the European Union (EU) entered into a far-reaching agreement 0 2,000 to provide support, and 17 have not been reached at all with any with Turkey, which agreed to take back all “irregular migrants” Sparsely populated areas type of assistance in the last five months. In particular, coverage who cross to the Greek islands after 20 March. Goernorate in ISIL-held areas in Deir-ez-Zor and Ar-Raqqa governorates has Subdistrict Although the overall level of conflict across Syria has gradually remained limited and access to Al-Hasakeh is very challenging. increased since April, humanitarian access to people living There are also critical gaps in assistance to a growing number in besieged and hard-to-reach areas significantly improved of IDPs living in improvised settlements and there is a need to as compared to the same period in 2015. Notably, since the strengthen and sustain service delivery in many large population beginning of January until the end of June 2016, cross-line inter- centres and in areas where high percentages or concentrations of Source: OCHA The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. agency convoys reached a cumulative total of 649,585 people in IDPs are living with host communities. Syria Crisis in brief Syria Crisis in brief

In the coming six months, priorities will include sustaining and, upcoming winter planting season, and continuing efforts to if possible, increasing the scale of the response to all people sustain and restore access to livelihoods and scale up service SUMMARY PEOPLE ‘COVERED’ JAN-MAY in need, including IDPs; sustaining advocacy to lift all sieges delivery – including in the health, nutrition, and WASH sectors and to access and respond to the needs in besieged, militarily – in priority locations across the country. encircled, and other hard-to-reach areas, including responding SECTOR/CLUSTER PEOPLE IN NEED PEOPLE COVERED PEOPLE TARGETED % COVERED EXPLANATORY NOTE In the absence of a viable peace and reconciliation process to the needs arising from the crisis in Aleppo; advocacy for providing affected populations with a chance to start rebuilding and response to the needs of the ever-larger number of IDPs n. of children and youth teachers and their lives, and with the overall level of conflict again beginning education personnel benefiting from quality and asylum seekers concentrating at Syria’s borders; providing EDCATIO 5.7M 1.1M 4.6M 24% to escalate across the country, a deteriorating economic situation, education programmes assistance and protection to the estimated 6 million children and the increased closure of borders by neighbouring states, the living through conflict and displacement in Syria, including humanitarian and protection situation in Syria is expected to through support to the back-to-learning campaign; delivering deteriorate further over the coming months. Preparedness efforts winterization assistance to growing populations unable to for a variety of possible scenarios will be crucial. 2.4M 0.16M 1.2M 14% n. of people benefiting from shelter support access heating materials and adequate shelter; supporting the SHELTER

n. of people benefiting from non-food 5.3M 2.8M 5.3M 53% SYRIA CRISIS IN BRIEF OFOOD ITES item kits

KEY FACTS AND FIGURES n. of children under five years, pregnant 3.1M 1.8M 1.9M 94.7% women and lactating mothers benefited from TRITIO Upwards of the nutrition programmes 250,000 1.5M people living with disabilities More than half of public health people killed and over 1.2M care facilities are either closed or injured since the onset of the conflict (WHO) only partially functioning 5.7 million benefiting from regular monthly 6.1M people are internally displaced, 6.4 million 7.5M 85% food assistance (90%) and 667,954 from FOOD SECRITY emergency food assistance (56%) including living in tented Over 11M people require health 04 BY JUNE 2016, OVER 4.8 1.7M 05 MILLION SYRIANS HAD BEEN settlements and collective shelters assistance, including 25,000 8.7M REGISTERED AS PERSONS OF trauma cases per month This includes a combination of agriculture 0.92M 4.3M 21% inputs, backyard farming, livestock support, CONCERN IN HOST COUNTRIES, AGRICLTRE PRIMARILY IN THE REGION Nearly 600,000 people are Income Generating Activities and services. trapped in besieged areas, An estimated 60 per cent approximately of the pre-crisis health 60% 266,000 workforce has left the country children Reflects catchment population benefiting Of those who stayed, M 12.1M 16.4M* 14.7M 112% 13.5 WASH from water system repair/treatment people, including 6M children, Now estimated that vaccination need humanitarian assistance 4.88M in hard-to-reach coverage may have fallen to locations, of them are 2.17M below 50 per cent n. of IDPs tracked of which 320,000 received children 6.5M 0.93M 3.2M 29% 8.7M people have acute needs CCC multisectoral assistance in multiple sectors Almost 300,000 pregnant women One in three people are unable are not receiving pre-natal and to meet their basic food needs obstetric care children (nearly 40 per cent) are n. of people benefiting from early recovery 2.1M EARLY RECOERY 9.2M 1.5M 3.6M 41% and livelihood activities AD LIELIHOODS out-of-school, people lack access to schools are damaged, heightening vulnerability to child 2.4M 1 in 4 adequate shelter destroyed or occupied labour, n. of distinct protection interventions early and/or forced marriage, conducted through the sector’s prevention, 13.5M 3.6M 10.9M 33% and recruitment by armed PROTECTIO response and capacity building activities Four out of five people live in poverty children under 5, pregnant groups; 3.1M and nearly one in three households is and lactating women are in need of indebted, due mainly to food costs preventive and curative nutrition n. of medical procedures carried out services are 11.5M 7.3M 13M 56% 450,000 HEALTH Palestine refugees, 2/3 of the population has no 95 per cent of whom 95% consistent access to safe water AGRICULTURE EXTENSION, VETERINARY are in continuous need of AND LIVESTOCK RELATED SERVICES humanitarian aid HAVE ALSO BEEN CRITICALLY DAMAGED * At the time of reporting, some sector data was only available for the period January-May; others for June. CHANGES IN HUMANITARIAN CONTEXT CHANGES IN HUMANITARIAN CONTEXT

CHANGES IN HUMANITARIAN CONTEXT Increase of people in need in Besieged and Hard-to-reach areas In June 2016, the United Nations released a revised set of Madaya and Bqine, Duma, Harasta, Arbin and Zamalka, Kafr population figures for people living in besieged and hard- Batna, Ein Terma, Hammura, Jisrein, Saqba and Yarmuk and to-reach areas. According to this new analysis, there are (iii) the removal of Zabadin from besieged list, following the been affected – and in some cases, temporarily suspended – due to approximately 5.47 million people in need living in besieged Government of Syria’s retaking of the town. Reasons behind KEY DEVELOPMENTS developments along Syria’s borders with Turkey, Jordan, and Iraq. and hard-to-reach areas in Syria. These include 590,200 in the increase in the population estimated to be living in hard- Notably, following an unprecedented vehicle-borne improvised 2016 started with an escalation of hostilities affecting, in particular, 18 besieged locations and approximately 4.88 million in to-reach locations included: (i) the inclusion of Ain Al Arab explosive devise (VBIED) attack on the Jordanian border guards Aleppo, Idlib, Hama, Lattakia and Dar’a governorates, where hard-to-reach areas. The new figure represents an increase (northern Aleppo governorate), northern Ar-Raqqa, and at Rukban on Jordan’s north-eastern border with Syria on 21 hundreds of thousands of people were newly displaced at the of 103,500 people living in areas categorized as besieged northern and central Al-Hasakeh; (ii) the re-evaluation of June 2016, the Government of Jordan (GoJ) sealed its entire height of conflict in February. As needs grew, humanitarian actors compared to January 2016 (from 486,700 to 590,200) and an population estimates in northern rural Homs: Talbiseh, Ar- northern border, resulting in the temporary suspension of cross- were at times forced to periodically suspend day-to-day services increase of 802,356 people living in areas categorized as hard- rastan, Ghanto, Taldu, and Harbanifse; Menbij; At Tall; and border operations via Ramtha for almost an entire month. While and/or adjust the modality of their delivery due to insecurity. to-reach since January 2016 (from 4,074,042 to 4,876,398). communities in Eastern Ghouta. Meanwhile, areas removed operations are now expected to continue, the suspension has had a The reasons behind the increase in the population living in from the hard to reach list included: Nabul and Zahra in At the end of February, intensified political efforts - particularly considerable impact on affected people in the south of Syria. In little besieged locations included: (i) the inclusion of Al-Wa’er Aleppo, Ziyara and some areas of As-Saan in Hama, Al-Wa’er, the Munich Conference – brought the nationwide “cessation of over a month, 16 health facilities ran short of essential medicines (Homs city) as a besieged location; (ii) the re-evaluation Tadmor and Qarytein in Homs, Kansaba and Rabee’a in hostilities” agreement into effect, causing the level of conflict and up to 140,000 people were affected by the disruption of food of population estimates in Deir-ez-Zor, Foah and Kafraya, Lattakia and Yarboud in Rural Damascus. to noticeably diminish in some areas and bringing temporary assistance. NFI stocks in southern Syria were all but exhausted. respite to people in those locations. Military operations against Imports via agreed crossings also faced constraints during the ISIL and the Al Nusra Front continued however, and, since April, OVERVIEW OF HARD-TO-REACH AND BESIEGED LOCATIONS the overall level of conflict began to rise gradually in areas which reporting period. For example, Nusaybin/Qamishli border crossing Çavuşkӧy- was closed on 27 December 2015 due to security concerns on the Ain Diwa had witnessed relative calm in March. United Nations (UN) and 5.47 million people in need in ] Al-Malikeyyeh Şenyurt- Nusaybin - Turkish side, impacting heavily upon humanitarian access to Al- hard-to-reach areas and locations, Turkey Quamishli the International Syria Support Group (ISSG) efforts to reduce Derbassiyeh ] Amuda ] Qahtaniyyeh including 590,200 in besieged locations Musitpinar- Darbasiyah Jawadiyah ] Hasakah governorate, leading the UN to plan a costly air-bridge Ain Al Arab Quamishli violence resulted in brief and partial “regimes of silence” in Aleppo Islahiye- Ceylanpinar- Fishkhabour- Meydian-I-Ekbis Karkamis- ] Ras Al Ayn Simalka Jarablus ] Ain al ] as a last resort. As of 30 June 2016, 2 out of 4 UNSC resolution- ] Öncupinar- Akçakale- Tal Hmis ] Arab Ras Al Bir and other affected areas. Bab Al Salam Lower Tell Abyad Ya'robiyah Cobanbey- Ain Tal Shyookh Elhilu Raju Bulbul Al-Ra'e Ghandorah ] Tamer Al Ya'rubiyah- Sharan Rabiaa' Suluk sanctioned border crossings were not operational. ] ] Sarin Tell ´ Sheikh Ma'btali Suran Ar-Ra'ee Menbij Abiad El-Hadid Tall Akhtrein Al-Hasakeh Legend Afrin Refaat A'rima After a significant surge in new displacement in Dar’a and Aleppo Mare' Bükülmez- Jandairis Abu Hole Al Bab Ein Issa ] Atmeh Qalqal Border crossing open Despite some encouraging developments, the situation remains Tadaf Al-Hasakeh governorates in January and February, an overall decrease in the Cilvegözü ] Aleppo city (Sheikh Maqsoud) ] Border crossing sporadically open Bab El Hawa Rasm Haram El-Imam Al-Khafsa Areesheh Iraq ] Jurneyyeh extremely fragile. Prospects for the coming period depend largely Aleppo city Dayr Forty ] Border crossing closed ] Aleppo Wihdeh level of conflict eased humanitarian needs in some locations in (eastern) Hafir Seven Dostluk Korprsu Maskana Shaddadah Border crossing authorised (Friendsh Foah Zarbah by UNSCR 2165, 2191 and 2258 on the results of the resumption of political talks, expected to take Yayladağı- ip Bridge)- - Onaiza Allain Ar-Raqqa 06 Kasab ] Kafraya 07 March and early April, with the notable exception of Aleppo, UNDOF administered area Karama ] ] Maar Aşağipulluyazi- Besieged locations Kizi ]] place in August 2016. cat- ] Ein el-Bayda Mansura Maadan Hard-to-reach locations where conflict and targeting of humanitarians continued. Rapid- Samira Al-Thawrah Sabka Markada Topraktutan- Idleb Yunesiya Hard-to-reach areas Ehsem Tabni International Boundary onset, cyclical displacement due to conflict and, in particular, Kasra Sur Governorate Boundary Madiq Kafr Khan Lattakia Shaykun Sub-District Boundary Castle Nabutha Tharwa aerial bombardment diminished considerably in this period. Atshan Boundary of former Mandate Palestine Abul - Trut Deir-ez-Zor Kafr Murak Kusour Eastern Hart Muhasan Zeita Aniq Khasham Given the deplorable conditions throughout Syria and continued NEEDS ANALYSIS HIGHLIGHTS Bajra Basira Hama Salba Deir-ez-Zor Kherbet Oqeirbat Eljame Tartous Al Mayadin insecurity in many locations, however, a large number of Syrians Kherbet Akash Eljame Msheirfeh Harbanifse Thiban Aqrab Taldu Ashara Harbanifse Ar-Rastan The scale and scope of humanitarian needs in Syria have risen Sokhneh Ar-Rastan Talaf have continued to attempt to leave the country. Meanwhile, Turkey, Western Tiba Samalil Talbiseh Tal Dahab Kafr Tir Maallah Ghanto in the last six months. New IDP movements and a deterioration Tall Kalakh- Dar Laha Sheikh Jaber- Homs Burj 'Arida Kabira Hajin Western Lebanon and Jordan have increasingly restricted admissions 'Arida Taldu Qaei ] Tiba ] ] Jalaa of their living conditions are significant, as is the increase in the Homs Jusiyah- Abu Sosa Samalil Talbiseh to their territories, leaving hundreds of thousands of Syrians Kamal Al Qaa number of people living in besieged and hard-to-reach areas. Three ] ] Ghanto displaced stranded in volatile and remote border areas. With the Abu Kamal Tir key developments over the reporting period have also exacerbated Lebanon Al Qae'm- Maallah humanitarian community now struggling to access and safely Dar Kabira needs in particular areas, namely: the near-besiegement of the Homs Al-Wa'er deliver assistance in some such locations, the humanitarian Ham- Sarghaya Esal Nasriyeh city of Aleppo; the congestion of Syrians at the southern border Sarghaya El-Ward situation has in some cases become quite desperate. Jirud Az-Zabdani Raheiba Ein with Jordan; and the confinement of Syrians to a pocket near ] Damascus Elfijeh Al Masnaa- Dhameer Rural Damascus At Tall Jdayadet Rural Damascus Yabous Deir Kherbet Elsawda Overall however, humanitarian access to besieged and enclaved the northern border with Turkey, following advances by the GoS Qanun Khan Kafr ] Ein Elshih Deir Hoor Khan Elshih Khabiyeh Kherbet Elshaara Betima Duma Elsawda At Tanf- hard-to-reach areas within the country improved significantly Hina Al-Hama and ISIL. In addition, the number of food insecure people has Tiba Al Wa Kafr leed Harasta Hoor Misraba Nofur Kanaker Zakyeh Modira Durin Beit Hosh Qudsiya during the reporting period with 86 inter-agency convoys Um Batna Saber Abu Beit increased particularly in areas most affected by hostilities during Kafr Elnofur Arbin Mazraet Qawooq Zamalka Sawa Shams Beit Jin Hammura Hezzeh Hosh Dar'a Nofur Kafr Maqrusa Al-Ashary undertaken to besieged and hard-to-reach locations against 50 the last months. Quneitra Sa'sa' Batna Eftreis Damascus Ein Saqba Kanaker Terma Jisrein Herfa Mahmadiyeh Ash-Shajara Abtaa Damascus (Al Qadam, Al in 2014 and 34 in 2015. Cross-border actors have also continued Durin Isali, Burza, Qaboun, As-Sweida Jowbar, Tadamon, Tal Shihab- Joret Al Shribati) Yarmuk ] Sayda Definitions: Madamiyet Beit Tal Shihab Elsham Sahm to provide significant support to these areas. Notably, there was Hard-to-reach area Darayya Babella Dara- Moraba 15 ] An area that is not regularly accessible to humanitarian actors for the purposes of sustained humanitarian programming as a result of denial of access, including the need to negotiate Hajar Ar Ramtha Yalda ]] access on an ad hoc basis, or due to restrictions such as active conflict, multiple security checkpoints, or failure of the authorities to provide timely approval. Aswad AlNasib- lNasib- Besieged area an improvement in the number of people reached with medical AlNasib A Rural Damascus Jordan Jaber An area surrounded by armed actors with the sustained effect that humanitarian assistance cannot regularly enter, and civilians, the sick and wounded cannot regularly exit the area. illion treatments in besieged and hard-to-reach areas. 12 Access to ISIL-held areas in Deir-ez-Zor and Raqqa governorates 9 remained circumscribed due to ISIL’s restrictive policy vis-à-vis humanitarian actors as well as insecurity, though alternative 6 modalities for aid delivery have continued to be employed in coordination with local actors, whenever possible. 3 Cross-border operations continued largely unimpeded during the escalation of conflict in January and February and were critical in 0

1Apr 1Apr 1ul 1Oct 15Apr 15Oct 16ul delivering aid to affected people in Dar’a and Aleppo governorates. 1an 1Sep 1Dec 1an 1Feb 1ar 1ay 1un 1Aug 1Sep 1o 1Dec 15an 15Feb 15ar 15ay 15Sep 15Dec 16Feb 16ar 16ay

Exceptionally, over recent months, the cross-border response has PIN IDPs Refugees CHANGES IN HUMANITARIAN CONTEXT CHANGES IN HUMANITARIAN CONTEXT

Internally displaced persons of conflict in January and February – the total number of IDPs Syrians stranded at the border water trucking resumed. On 29 June, the Government of remains estimated at around 6. 1 million people - down from Jordan approved a “one-off” distribution of food within the Between January and end of June, some 900,000 people fled 6.5 million people at the end of 2015. This reduction is likely During the reporting period, neighbouring countries, settlements but, at the time of reporting, discussions around their homes or areas of residence due to ongoing hostilities. due to returns of some short-term IDPs to their areas of origin including Jordan, have increasingly restricted admission of the modalities of delivery were ongoing. The attack also The most affected locations included northern Azaz (some as soon as thr security situation allows and possibly due to some Syrians to their territories, leaving hundreds of thousands on impacted heavily on deliveries to southern Syria under UNSC 180,000 IDPs) and the Menbij area in Aleppo governorate IDPs fleeing to neighbouring countries. Of these, an estimated Syria’s borders in deplorable conditions. resolution 2165/2258, with operations via Ramtha, further to (about 45,000 IDPs), Dar’a (70,000 new IDPs by the end of 1.7 million people live in camps, informal settlements, and As of the end of June 2016, according to Government of Jordan the west, suspended for the following five weeks. Illustrating February 2016), and Idleb governorate (more than 30,000 collective centres – a last resort, as the absorption capacity of estimates, 92,000 Syrians were residing or stranded at Syria’s the continued criticality of cross-border operations, within a in June alone). Moreover, in some areas where IDP sites had host communities has been exhausted – while many more have south-eastern border with Jordan, including over 70,000 living month of the suspension of operations, 16 health facilities in existed for several years, in part because they were considered sought refuge in damaged and unfinished buildings and are in makeshift tented settlements at Rukban and over 15,000 southern Syria had run short of essential medicines and up relatively safe, the security situation deteriorated significantly, considered among the most vulnerable in Syria today. In camps, at Hadalat.1 Available information indicates that one of the to 140,000 people had been affected by the disruption of food causing secondary and tertiary displacement and exacerbating informal tented settlements, and collective centres, overcrowding primary areas of origin of people arriving at Syria’s south- assistance. NFI stocks in the south were all but exhausted. vulnerability among affected groups. The most significant case is a major concern, and few sites have the capacity to absorb eastern border with Jordan (the “berm”) are Aleppo, Hama In northern Syria, advances by the Government of Syria and occurred in Azaz sub-district where, in February 2016, conflict additional IDPs. In January and February 2016, the surge in and Homs, which have been the main theatres of conflict over ISIL in northern Aleppo concentrated some 180,000 IDPs lines shifted and brought violence very close to existing IDP new displacement in southern Syria highlighted this profound the past six months. Large percentages have also arrived from along the border with Turkey. In February, GoS connected the sites, causing mass secondary displacement. Some 43,300 IDPs shortage of adequate shelter, to the extent that some people were ISIL-held Raqqa and Deir-ez-Zor governorates, where atrocities enclaves of Nubul and Zahra to areas further east, cutting off moved from five settlements and their surroundings to areas forced to sleep on the streets, in shop fronts, in schools, and in remain widespread. cross-border access via Bab al Salam to Aleppo City and points in and around Bab Al Salam IDP settlements and Azaz town. damaged and unfinished buildings in harsh winter conditions. further south and west and confining these IDPs in a small Additional IDP sites in Yamiddia, Lattakia governorate, and With many forced to leave their homes at short notice with little Following an unprecedented VBIED attack on the Jordanian pocket in northern Azaz district. ISIL advanced westwards in in Idlib governorate have been closed or rendered even more more than the clothes on their backs, IDP families also urgently border command at Rukban on 21 June, the Government the same area in April, displacing some 40,000 people from unsafe due to their proximity to recent fighting. required protection, food, and NFIs, which the UN and NGOs of Jordan declared the country’s entire northeast a closed camps in the Souran sub-district to Azaz and the Bab Al Salam struggled to deliver alongside continued population movements military zone. As a result, humanitarian operations at Rukban Despite the significant new displacement which has taken place border area. These IDPs remain at high risk as the border with and heightened security concerns. and Hadalat were suspended and, as of the end of June, only since the beginning of 2016 – and especially during the height Turkey has been closed to refugees, leaving people stranded.

Crisis in Aleppo ALEPPO - OVERVIEW OF HUMANITARIAN ACCESS (AS OF 9 AUG 2016) OVERVIEW OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS (AS OF JUNE 2016) As of late January, intensified fighting in Aleppo –

Hayyan Bashkwi Tal Sheer Samaan Seifat Simaan the second largest urban centre in Syria – resulted Tamura Bashmra Tal Musallamiyeh 08 in large-scale new and secondary displacement, Msebin 09 Little Andan Kafr prompting a scaled-up emergency response. Hilan Sheikh Muqbia TUREY Haritan Najjar

Kafr Al-Mallah Bssin Yaqed The escalation of hostilities forced partners Eladas Kafr Aleppo Sheikh Al-Hasakeh Previous route Hamra d Zayat P to periodically suspend day-to-day services Maaret oa to border crossing points Elartiq R Shamer Babis o ll te and/or adjust their modality of delivery. For s a C Aleppo Hur Suleiman Al Halabi P Water Pumping Station Afrin protection partners, this included moving Naqqarin Bshantara Kafr Dael Ar-Raa Sifa Idleb P community spaces underground. The repeated Rashideen Electrical Aleppo Tiyara P Majbineh Sub Station Jebel Saman Bishqatine Sub-district NUMBER OF IDPs halting of water pumping to Aleppo by ISIL and Legend the bombing of Ain Al Baida boosting station ·[ ´ Lattakia 15 15,000 1070 Apartments Aleppo ·[ Civil airports P Khan project International Main locality created significant threats to the water supply of Kafr Al-Asal Airport Deir-e-or 15,001 ,000 Naha Main roads P Electrical transmission Ramousseh Other roads the entirety of the city. Most of the emergency center Tal ,001 10,000 Tal Hasel Hama Shgheib United Nations hub h P se Thabiyeh shallow water wells in eastern Aleppo are not s Hreibel 10,001 290,000 ou m te Humanitarian supply route a ou Saqlaya Tartous Khan R R Ramousseh Route Tal Aran P 290,001 66,59 suitable for drinking purposes without treatment, tuman from UN croAsbsu border Homs (last used aSlmfeiotast one month ago) P due to faecal contamination. Insecurity along Previous route Terkan Areas with no or limited Wdeihi Haddadin from Damascus Tal Abur to Damascus (last used 7 August 2016) population Castello Road, the only access route into eastern Qarras Mediterranean Sea Aleppo City, closed the road intermittently in Creation date: 3 08 016 Fuel had been stockpiled as well, to power medical facilities, LEbANON Source:IDP task force the first half of 2016. Cross-border partners prepared for the pump water, and serve bakeries. Rationing of supplies began IRA potential encirclement of eastern Aleppo City and an inter- immediately. The humanitarian community is advocating cluster preparedness plan was put into effect. On 7 July, GoS for a humanitarian corridor for cross-border partners to and allied forces launched a large-scale offensive around the DOF 1,360,065 transport humanitarian assistance into the city, as well as for administered Damascus OTHER area P road, cutting off humanitarian access from Bab Al-Hawa DAASCS 668,859 cross-line deliveries. and the western Aleppo countryside to eastern Aleppo City. EBEL SAA 474,425 Quneitra This left an estimated 200,000-300,000 people within the Beyond this, an inter-cluster response plan following events in P LATTAIA 408,177 north-west Syria in May and June outlines planned response ARAAA 288,445 area and with humanitarian assistance and commodities for six months for 560,000 people, including 160,000 IDPs As-Sweida DAA 284,220 unable to get in. At the time the road was cut off, there was Dara P P 232,945 enough food in eastern Aleppo City for at least 1,260,000 and 400,000 host community members, in Azaz, Afrin, JORdAN AT TALL ATAA 182,989 people for one month and enough essential medical supplies and western Aleppo sub-districts and, potentially, Idleb AA 179,961 for 4-5 months. Water supply through the network and governorate. This includes the recent encirclement of Menbij HAA 134,202 water trucking, and limited garbage collection continued. town in eastern Aleppo governorate. The boundaries shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement HOS 130,716 or acceptance by the United Nations. 1. Based on satellite imagery and consultations with community leaders, the humanitarian community estimates that the actual number of people located on Jordan’s northeastern border may be somewhat less than the official figure of 92,000 (50-60,000). CHANGES IN HUMANITARIAN CONTEXT CHANGES IN HUMANITARIAN CONTEXT

Al-Hasakeh targeting. Critical WASH infrastructure, including the Increased food insecurity per cent increase). Overall, there are 716,171 people considered Ain AlBaida boosting station in Aleppo Governorate, was as people in need by the sector, bringing the total of people in Over recent months, Qamishli, in Syria’s northeast, has seen attacked and destroyed, while parties to the conflict continued High food and fuel prices, sudden onset as well as multiple need from 8.7 million to 9.4 million – this figure will inform increased military confrontations as various groups have disputed to use water as a weapon of war. From January to May, the secondary and tertiary displacements, restricted humanitarian food security and agriculture programming going forward. The control over the area. Tensions grew in March, following the education sector registered 23 attacks on education facilities access, weather conditions, poor food availability, crop governorates with the highest increase in needs as per the food decision of the Democratic Union Party (PYD) to declare their throughout the country. Market places, bakeries, agricultural failure, the depreciation of the Syrian Pound, and poor security indicators are Quneitra, Dar’a, Damascus, Idleb and Self-Administration Government in order to establish a federal land, burning of standing crops before harvest and partners’ food consumption and coping strategies have resulted in an Aleppo with pockets of substantial increase in needs in multiple system in areas under their control. Following the announcement, warehouses were also targeted by parties to the conflict increase in food insecurity across Syria. sub- districts across Syria. The largest overall increase of Kurdish Regional Government (KRG) authorities shut down leading to a massive loss of food items, assets and production As such, the number of food insecure people has increased people in need in terms of absolute number is seen in Aleppo, all cross-border trade and most cross-border humanitarian and putting civilians and humanitarian staff’s lives at risk. from 6.3 million (as estimated in the 2016 HNO) to 6.7 million Damascus, Rural Damascus, Dar’a and Idleb. The largest overall deliveries, while restricting movement of civilians and enforcing (6 per cent increase). The number of people at risk of food increase in needs in terms of percentages is seen in Quneitra, an unofficial embargo on PYD-controlled territories. Following Two separate attacks on IDP settlements were also reported. insecurity has also increased from 2.4 million to 2.7 million (13 Dar’a, Damascus, Aleppo and Idleb. this move, PYD officials released a reprisal announcement, stating On 5 May, two rockets struck Ghita’ al Ramah II camp, a they would also be enforcing trading restrictions on the KRG. As civilian IDP settlement in Idleb governorate housing 430 a result, adjacent borders were closed for almost three months families. 26 people were confirmed killed and 23 were injured. and whilst the border with KRG was partially re-opened during On 14 April, ISIL overran the IDP settlement in Ekkdeh, near the border with Turkey in Aleppo governorate. Although Ramadan last June, political sensitivities between the two sides CATEGORY 1 CATEGORY 2 TOTAL of the border remain and continue to affect humanitarian access. no casualties were reported as the site had been temporarily % Increase in Food Insecure % Increase in Population Total People in eed This, combined with the presence of ISIL surrounding the area, evacuated prior to the attack, the settlement was razed to the Population at Risk of Food Insecurity (PI) has essentially led to the isolation of Al-Hasakeh governorate and ground, with the majority of tents burned. HNO 2016 has made humanitarian access particularly challenging. Baseline, September 2015 6351016 2383925 8,734,941 While resorting to local procurement and other very costly Market price dynamics and limiting alternatives, such as airlifts by the UN to MID-YEAR REVIEW 6745678 2705433 9,451,112 Qamishli, the overall humanitarian situation in Al-Hasakeh Between January and March this year, prices of four key food une 2016 has deteriorated significantly. Of particular concern is the items - flour, sugar, rice and lentils- increased in 53 out of 86 continuous influx of Iraqi refugees coming from Mosul in (61 per cent) sub-districts where information was available. DIFFERENCE 394662 321508 716171 The highest increases were recorded in Deir–ez Zor city (282 Iraq – now estimated to be 10,000 in three refugee camps TOTAL INCREASE 6 13 8 10 - but also in the governorate’s main urban centres, where per cent), Qatana in Rural Damascus (211 per cent) Saraqab in 11 large concentrations of IDPs and refugees can be found. In Idleb (103 per cent), Nashabiyeh in Rural Damascus (189 per its southern areas (Al-Hasakeh, Shaddadeh, Areesheh), basic cent), Ar-Rastan in Homs (83 per cent), Salkhad in As-Sweida Of further concern regarding food security is a mixed According to the Syrian Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian food commodities are only available in limited quantities and (54 per cent) and Yu’robiyabin in Al-Hasakeh (52 per cent). agricultural outlook for the upcoming season. Water Reform (MAAR) the November-May agricultural season at very high prices. WFP data also reveals that, compared to April 2015, nominal shortages have severely compounded the impact of conflict on has seen a 34 per cent reduction in areas planted with wheat, prices of wheat flour across the country increased by 51 per In light of preparations of new military offensives against ISIL local food production capacities – which, prior to the conflict, and a reduction of 15 per cent in areas planted with barley. cent, rice by 77 per cent, subsidized bread by 120 per cent, and had left Syria with an exportable agricultural surplus. Indeed, Preliminary results from MAAR show a remarkable decrease in in Mosul, humanitarian actors operating in north-east Syria shop bread by 43 per cent. This is in line with the escalating are increasingly concerned with the potential consequences, below-average rainfall during key periods has significantly wheat production (1.3 million MT which is less than 50% of last inflation of the Syrian Pound, which, in May 2016, reached reduced the harvest of some of Syria’s key agricultural areas, year’s production), even compared to the lowest level reached which could include a further influx of Iraqi IDPs fleeing its lowest value since the start of the conflict. Some areas have Mosul and seeking refuge in Syria. A full offensive in Raqqa including the governorates of Aleppo, Hama, Idleb, Homs and in 2014. The full results from the harvesting season (completed shown a decrease which could be attributed to the re-opening Dar’a. Compounding this issue further, since the beginning mid-May) are expected shortly from the FAO/WFP Crop and against ISIL could also lead to a wave of IDPs seeking refuge of markets and an improved supply of goods in areas less towards Al-Hasakeh. Considering current humanitarian of 2016, there has been a marked increase of burning Food Security Assessment Mission (CFSAM) in Syria. affected by intense conflict. These changes in food prices have agricultural land as a tactic of war. capacities and limited access, responding to these increased resulted in fluctuations in the cost of the Food Basket. needs pose a significant challenge. On the other hand, price monitoring data for the second CATEGORY 1 CATEGORY 2 OVERALL quarter of 2016 revealed that the cost of the standard food % Increase in Food Insecure % Increase in Population % increase in Population in need of Population at Risk of Food Insecurity food security and lielihood assistance Attacks on civilian public infrastructure basket in most besieged locations fell significantly as a result of the humanitarian assistance provided to these areas. In June, Quneitra During the first half of 2016, attacks on civilians and civilian 46% 21% 40% humanitarian access was granted to Darayya for the first time Dara infrastructure continued, with various parties to the conflict 15% 25% 19% since November 2012. In addition, the cost of the food basket Damascus disregarding International Humanitarian Law. The health 15% 15% 15% fell by 78 percent (from SYP 480,750 in May to SYP 105,300 Idleb sector was particularly affected with 128 attacks on health 12% 13% 13% in June) in neighboring Madamiyet El Sham. WFP’s airdrops Aleppo facilities reported between January and June 2016, of which 6% 24% 12% in Deir-ez-Zor City have also led to a fall in food prices: the Al-Hasakeh 29 have been verified and 98 are in the process of verification. 6% 11% 7% standard food basket costs 64.8 per cent less than it did in May. Rural Damascus Some facilities were hit multiple times, or multiple facilities 7% 8% 7% Ar-Raa were hit in a single day. For example, on 30 May, a number The purchasing power of casual laborers (measured by Terms 7% 0% 7% Deir-e-or of airstrikes impacted the national hospital in Idleb city and of Trade) has been facing a sharp decline across the country. 6% 0% 6% Lattakia a nearby ambulance fleet, killing 50 people, wounding 250 For example, in April this year, casual labourers could buy 2% 2% 2% Homs others, and rendering the hospital temporarily inoperative. approximately 5.7 kg/wheat flour/day which is 12 per cent less 0% 3% 1% than they could buy six months ago and 14 per cent less than As-Sweida 1% 1% 1% Beyond health facilities, other critical public infrastructure April 2015. This is inevitably affecting the capacity of poor Hama 0% 1% 0% was destroyed due to indiscriminate attacks and deliberate Syrians to access basic sustenance goods. Tartous 0% 0% 0% CHANGES IN HUMANITARIAN CONTEXT Strategic Objectives: Achievements to date

FEATURE: CHILD LABOUR STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES: ACHIEVEMENTS TO DATE Given the multiple push and pull factors contributing to Amongst the many forms of violence and exploitation facing child labour, child protection and education actors cannot children in Syria, child labour is one of the most prevalent. meaningfully curb this trend alone. There is a need to The 2016 Humanitarian Response Plan was elaborated with a made to identify and reach those most in need - particularly Absolute numbers of children are not available, but the significantly scale up integrated child protection, education, view towards harnessing humanitarian efforts to achieve three in besieged areas, displaced people and host communities, indications are that the proportion of children affected is very cash, early recovery and livelihood programmes to address key objectives: saving lives and alleviating suffering through and those living in areas impacted by ongoing hostilities. significant: of the 5.6 million children in need, 2.1 million child labour with an immediate focus on the Worst Forms of increased access to people in need; enhancing protection Despite widespread challenges, partners were generally able (nearly 40 per cent) are out of school, heightening the risk Child Labour such as recruitment and use by armed groups. and building national humanitarian response capacities; and to maintain and, in some cases, expand their support to basic of engagement in child labour. The widespread decimation Work is starting now, so far this year progress has been building the resilience of affected people, communities and service delivery across the country and to increase efforts to of livelihoods and the economy have put immense pressure made in improving coordination on this issue to enable the services as well as restoring livelihoods. preserve or restore livelihoods and thereby prevent protection on families trying to survive – according to the IMF over development and implementation of responses including During the first half of 2016, humanitarian partners risks linked to increased poverty and the exhaustion of two thirds of Syrians are now living in extreme poverty, through mapping existing responses, evidence generation, continued to deliver life-saving assistance and reach millions positive coping mechanisms. unable to meet basic food and non-food needs. 2016 HNO addressing gaps in service provision, awareness raising with of people in need from within Syria and from across its The below presents the highlights of achievements to date. identified child labour as a key issue of concern in 55 per communities and advocacy to key influencers. In terms of borders to achieve these objectives. Significant efforts were cent of surveyed sub-districts. Persistent and extreme awareness raising, there has been immediate traction: one violence, forced displacement and family separation are ten-day campaign with multimedia products generated online also contributing factors: for the estimated 2.17 million debate amongst 24,715 Facebook users. On the issue of child children living in hard-to-reach areas and 260,000 children recruitment some child protection partners have commenced living in besieged areas in particular, the survival options are coordinating to provide specialised services for children at Strategic Objective One: significantly reduced. The recent report of the UN Secretary- risk and those formerly associated with armed groups. Saving lives and alleviating suffering General on Children and Armed Conflict reported high levels of recruitment and use of children (one of the Worst Forms NLG partners will continue to advocate for mainstreaming responses to address child labour in other relevant sectors. of Child Labour) by several parties to the conflict, noting short of the total number of children requiring immunizations that the proportion of children under the age of 15 affected Child labour is expected to be one of the priorities of the 2017 People reached across life-saving interventions humanitarian response. considering the grave decline in vaccination rates. In addition, had increased significantly since the previous year; and that Based on the Humanitarian Needs Overview, the 2016 an accelerated nationwide multi-antigen immunization payment of salaries was one of the pull factors. We now face Humanitarian Response Plan estimated 8.7 million people to campaign targeting children that have not been reached by 12 a situation where many children in Syria are engaged in be in acute need of multi-sectoral humanitarian assistance. the routine immunization programme because of the ongoing 13 economic activities that are mentally, physically or socially As of mid-2016, 6 million people – out of 7.5 million targeted conflict was launched during the reporting period reaching over dangerous and which limit – or deny – their basic rights, for food assistance – have been reached. Of these, 5.7 million one million children. At the time of reporting, the campaign including their right to education. have benefited from regular monthly food assistance, while is still ongoing and children will need to be administered with the remainding 666,954 people received emergency food three doses of the antigens. assistance (see IDP section, below). Overall, 8 million people also benefited from direct WASH wellbeing and future of children and young people affected Some 557,000 children under five were screened for acute assistance including the provision of essential hygiene items, NO LOST GENERATION by these conflicts. These outcomes fall under three pillars: malnutrition and the 7,430 children identified during screening water trucking, household level water purification and emergency water and sanitation infrastructure. A further 2.8 million were Launched in 2013, the No Lost Generation (NLG) is a Education, Child Protection, and Adolescent and Youth as suffering from severe acute malnutrition (SAM) or moderate reached by vector control measures such as insecticide spraying strategic framework for the responses to the Syria and Iraq Engagement. NLG provides a platform for key sectors to acute malnutrition (MAM) received specialised treatment. As and distribution of mosquito nets. The sector also started the crises, embedded within existing planning and coordination collaborate in tackling issues with multiple root causes a means of prevention, 230,300 pregnant women and children introduction of water safety plans at community and water structures, and bringing together key partners to achieve and consequences, one of which is the urgent and growing under five also received micronutrient supplementation vendor level, including intense community mobilization, agreed outcomes essential for the education, protection, problem of child labour inside Syria. (22 per cent of target). Whilst delivery of micronutrient supplementation was insufficient, it was complemented by the covering 500,000 people, and implemented WASH in schools delivery of Lipid-based Nutrient Supplements (LNS) which programmes benefitting 140,000 students. benefited 837,700 children (92 per cent of target) for months Much of the above-mentioned support was focused on through health facilities’ nutrition centres and a network of besieged and hard-to-reach locations and aimed at supporting community outreach teams. IDPs and host populations – as per sections below. Over 7 million medical procedures were carried out by health sector partners (56 per cent of the 13 million annual target) - including out-patient consultations; trauma cases; and assisted Delivering assistance to besieged and hard-to-reach locations births. Most of these took place in the areas most heavily The first six months of the year saw a sharp increase in the level impacted by ongoing hostilities (such as Aleppo, Idlib, Rural of assistance reaching people living in besieged and hard-to-reach Damascus, Dar’a, and Homs). The health sector also dispersed locations - albeit from an extremely low 2015 baseline - in large part over 7.7 million treatment courses throughout health facilities due to a significant increase in Government approvals of inter- across the country (37 per cent of 21 million annual target). agency cross-line convoys. For the first time since the crisis, all 18 Progress was made in expanding vaccination coverage, with besieged locations were reached, at least once, through inter-agency 83,399 children under 5 receiving DPT3 vaccination (55 per convoys supplementing cross-border assistance to these areas. cent of target). This constitutes a significant improvement in the percentage of children being immunized, but still falls far Assistance provided by the United Nations through cross-line or Strategic Objectives: Achievements to date Strategic Objectives: Achievements to date

cross-border deliveries benefited millions of people in need (PIN) Multi-sectoral assistance to IDPs - as per table below - in hard-to-reach areas with an average per month of: 430,000 people with food (9.4 per cent of PIN); 667,954 newly displaced people benefited from emergency 545,000 people with medical treatment (11.9 per cent of PIN); food assistance (short-term support of 2-4 weeks through Strategic Objective Two: Enhancing protection and building 142,000 people with NFI (3.1 per cent of PIN) and 212,000 people reduced food baskets, Ready-to-Eat rations and cooked national humanitarian capacities with WASH interventions (4.6 per cent of PIN). An average of meals) provided by the food security and agriculture sector. 150,000 people were reached monthly in besieged areas, 28 per This includes repeated targeting of people who have been cent average compared to 1.4 per cent average of people reached displaced multiple times to different locations. Protection response Building national humanitarian capacities in besieged areas throughout 2015. The percentage of people 361,600 IDPs living in planned camps, informal tented Over the last six months, 3,640,200 protection interventions The protection sector has focused on improving protection reached in hard to reach areas remained similar to that of last year settlements, transit camps and collective centres benefited were carried out in 172 sub-districts across Syria. Protection training to humanitarian actors. So far this year, there at around 8 per cent. from multi-sectoral assistance during the reporting period. sector partners reached 12 of the 18 besieged locations in have been 166 training activities conducted. Two new As part of the broader effort to reach besieged and hard-to-reach CCCM sector members were able to respond to the food (74 2016. 79 per cent of all protection interventions occurred in programmes have been initiated to improve protection locations, a total of 86 inter-agency convoys were undertaken per cent coverage), WASH (81 per cent coverage), and shelter locations ranked as severity 4 and 5 in the 2016 Humanitarian training for humanitarian actors: The first programme - between January and June 2016, compared to 50 in 2014 and 34 in (60 per cent coverage) needs of these IDPs. The sector was Needs Overview. 50 per cent of the protection response the Protection Mainstreaming Task Force PRoMMS tool 2015. A cumulative total of 1,540,010 people in need were reached also able to respond to the needs of an additional 125,374 occurred in the four Governorates of Rural Damascus, Initiated by the Global Protection Cluster - aims to develop a with multi-sectorial assistance (649,585 in besieged locations, IDPs settling in 23 newly created informal tented settlements. Damascus, Aleppo and Idleb, with almost 700,000 reached stronger operational understanding of the principles of non- 840,425 in hard-to-reach locations, 50,000 in priority cross-line IDPs in both shelters and within the community have also in Rural Damascus alone. As a result of these efforts, discrimination, meaningful access, empowerment and ‘do no areas) since the beginning of the year until 30 June through these been regularly targeted with preventive nutrition services 357,477 children were reached with community-based child harm.’ A pilot phase is ongoing targeting six agencies providing inter-agency convoys. An additional 15,000 people in hard-to- such as supplementation of micronutrients, Lipid-based protection and psychosocial support programmes; 28,358 health, S/NFI and FAS services in Syria. Sector members reach locations have been reached with medical supplies since nutrients, High Energy Biscuit and promotion and counselling women, girls, men and boy survivors of GBV were reached have initiated a capacity-building programme open to NGOs the beginning of the year (or a net total of 941,825 beneficiaries services while providing curative nutrition services including through specialized services and 1,680,840 people received working in all sectors to strengthen protection capacity. In -354,150 in besieged areas, 537,175 in hard-to-reach areas, 50,000 identification and management of acute malnutrition. While education on the risks posed by unexploded explosive devices. southern Syria, a second training programme aims to build the communities with high numbers and/or concentrations of in priority cross-line areas - many more than once during the year). Monitoring of grave child rights violations, as mandated by capacity of NGOs to monitor protection issues in their daily IDPs continued to be prioritized for regular monthly food work, and thus contribute towards a community protection- Improvements in the sharing of location-level data during the the UN Security Council, is continuing with close to 750 assistance, basic good and service delivery efforts by all monitoring network. From Damascus, a task force has been reporting period also provided increased visibility on deliveries violations verified to have taken place since January. Killing sectors, further support is needed to such areas over the formed to streamline protection mainstreaming, with NFI, to besieged locations and enabled greater coordination and maiming of children continues to be the most frequent coming period to ensure timely delivery of supplies and Health, FAS and Education sectors analyzing protection gaps between the cross-border and cross-line response. Notably, reported violation as a result of the conduct of hostilities by 14 expanded and sustained service delivery. This will be aided and developing guidelines specific to the response. HLP is an 15 potential complementarity between cross-line and cross-border all parties to the conflict, followed by recruitment and/or use by enhanced tracking of new population movements at the agreed focus of protection and shelter, in light of returns and actors’ efforts in the health sector in besieged areas became of children by all parties to the conflict. Whole of Syria level through mechanisms established in the reconstruction when and where the conditions permit. identifiable, with cross-border actors and cross-line actors first part of 2016. Protection monitoring is being strengthened in 2016 across providing, inter alia, a growing number of medical procedures Syria to address real time gaps in information and improve and a growing number of treatment courses, respectively. emergency protection response. Programmes are currently Mainstreaming protection in the humanitarian response Nonetheless, monitoring reports indicate that needs in Pooled fund allocations to national partners modest, but continue to grow. Community Centres and other community-based initiatives are used to identify protection In an effort to improve ‘do no harm’ and conflict-sensitive besieged and hard-to-reach areas remain particularly acute The 2016 HRP aimed to reinforce the response capacity needs; improved monitoring of the situation following local programming, protection policy and guidance was developed and, over the coming months, sustaining advocacy to lift all of national humanitarian actors. As such, allocations of truces is also allowing sector members to devise protection by the protection sector to guide the humanitarian response. sieges and to access and enable scaled up and more predictable country-based pooled funds were to increasingly prioritize responses where access may become possible. In addition, Examples include the development of guidance to operational response to the needs in besieged, militarily encircled, and support to national actors and reach a 50 per cent target. Mid- two new initiatives in the south improved the quality and partners on humanitarian evacuations, protection of civilians other hard-to-reach areas will remain a top priority. year, only 23.3 per cent of pooled fund allocations so far have timeliness of protection-related information. One is a stranded at the border, and civilians on the move. Protection benefited national partners. protection monitoring project, the other a rapid response staff are now regularly participating in inter-agency (IA) mechanism. Both will monitor protection indicators, follow convoys, something that has proved critical to improve the # % new displacements and provide information concerning understanding of issues affecting civilians in besieged and REACHED H2R REACHED BSG LOCATIONS LOCATIONS immediate humanitarian needs. So far, 72,173 protection hard-to-reach locations. Protection is also a standing agenda REACHED REACHED monitoring interventions were conducted, inclusive of house item in HCT discussions. visits, community visits, issues recorded and safety audits. In Sector Food Health NFI WASH the first half of 2016, the protection monitors completed a study Month # H2R # Bsgd # % # % # % # % # % on civil documentation in southern Syria, which will be used to inform programming in the latter half of 2016. The protection Jan 4.6mil 486,700 238,800 5.2 119,000 2.6 99,600 2.2 587,900 12.8 61,000 12 % 32 of 154 21% sector anticipated improved reporting from these initiatives. Feb 4.6mil 486,700 359,000 7.8 294,000 6.4 160,000 3.5 65,882 1.4 150,000 31% 48 of 154 31% Mar 4.6mil 486,700 364,800 8.0 623,500 13.6 155,700 3.4 176,700 3.9 102,125 20.9% 66 of 154 43% Apr 4.6mil 486,700 625,500 13.6 675,923 14.7 168,840 3.7 165,869 3.6 204,250 41.9% 68 of 154 44% May 398,000 8.7 841,000 18.3 60,000 1.3 128,350 2.8 130,000 21% 55 of 154 36% June 5.47 mil 517,700 590,000 12.9 715,000 15.6 210,000 4.6 150,000 3.3 237,800 40.3% 64 of 154 41% Average 590,200 429,350 9.4 544,737 11.9 142,357 3.1 212,450 4.6 147,529 28% 590,200 36% Strategic Objectives: Achievements to date Strategic Objectives: Achievements to date

period. As mentioned, above, the Health Sector carried out, in alia, 7.3 million medical procedures, dispersed 7.7 million KEY GAPS Strategic Objective Three: treatment courses, increased immunization coverage and Despite the humanitarian community’s continued efforts trained 8,485 health care workers. Meanwhile, alongside other to deliver assistance to people in need across Syria, critical Strengthening service delivery and resilience activities, the Nutrition Sector screened 557,450 children gaps remain. 125 sub-districts out of a total of 272 remain under five for acute malnutrition, referring all identified cases underserved and 17 sub-districts have not been reached at of malnutrition to therapeutic or supplementary feeding all in 2016. Meanwhile, the 1.7 million IDPs now living in The 2016 HRP underscored the humanitarian community’s restoration. In addition, an integrated rehabilitation programme programmes for treatment, provided 230,312 pregnant women camps, improvised settlements, and collective centres and recognition of the importance of strengthening the resilience targeting people with disabilities, whereby various services and children under five with micronutrient supplementation, the hundreds of thousands concentrated at Syria’s borders of affected communities, households and individuals through (including disability aids, physiotherapy and livelihoods support) and reached 251,052 pregnant and lactating women with have ever-growing humanitarian needs and vulnerabilities. In measures, which protect and restore livelihoods, enable access reached 864 people with disabilities. counselling and awareness raising on breastfeeding and large population centres and areas hosting large numbers and to essential services and rehabilitate infrastructure. In February Despite progress in delivering targeted livelihood interventions complementary feeding. In parallel, over 2,499 health workers concentrations of IDPs, stepped-up service delivery is needed. 2016, partners at the London Pledging Conference re-affirmed during the reporting period, restoring and sustaining access to were trained on appropriate infant and young child feeding In addition, since late January, intensified fighting in Aleppo the importance of promoting a resilience-oriented approach livelihoods and income-generating opportunities, especially (IYCF) and community management of acute malnutrition – the second largest urban centre in Syria – has demanded and advocated more support to livelihoods inside Syria. among vulnerable groups, remains an immense challenge in (CMAM) practices. a scaled-up emergency response, while the escalation of Syria. Continued efforts to expand livelihood programming, Finally, during the reporting period, the Education sector hostilities has created severe access constraints and forced building upon successful pilots implemented over the past six humanitarian actors to periodically suspend day-to-day People in need supported with livelihoods reached a total of 1,130,440 people including 1,092,305 children months, are recognized as critical in the coming period. services and/or adjust modalities of delivery. interventions and youth (52 per cent girls and 48 per cent boys), 46,668 Palestine refugees, 93,312 children in besieged areas; 263,833 During the reporting period, a number of sectors made children in hard-to-reach areas and an additional 38,135 substantive efforts to build resilience and restore access to People in need with increased access to basic social services teachers and education personnel. Training was provided THE WAY FORWARD livelihoods. For example, food security and agriculture sector Following the London Conference, an increase in funding to 4,364 teachers on the main core academic subjects, class partners reached almost one million people (out of 4.3 million In the coming six months, the humanitarian community’s for early recovery activities was noted, compared to previous management methodology, and the INEE Minimum Standards targeted) with livelihood interventions. These included the key cross-cutting priorities will include: (i) sustaining and, years (32.7 per cent funding). As a result, progress was (MS) for Education in Emergencies while incentives were distribution of seeds and agricultural inputs to 59,899 households wherever possible, increasing life-saving and life-sustaining made in enhancing service delivery and basic community provided to 8,461 teachers as a way to reinforce motivation and in 66 sub-districts in 8 governorates. As per the seasonal calendar, humanitarian assistance to all people in need, particularly infrastructure across sectors. Notably, ERL sector partners increase job satisfaction and retention. it is expected that this activity will be further scaled up during in conflict affected areas; (ii) sustained advocacy to lift all supported 1,478,360 people with better access to basic and July and August to meet the winter planting season. As of May, sieges and to access and respond to the immense needs in 16 social infrastructure and services. 17 FAS partners had also provided inputs to support backyard food Number of socio-economic infrastructures supported besieged, militarily encircled, and other hard-to-reach areas, production (e.g. vegetable seeds and pesticides) to 26,013 IDP Significant progress was also made in strengthening service or restored as well as responding to needs arising from the crisis in and resident households in six governorates. Support for asset delivery in specific sectors. For example, Protection sector Aleppo; (iii) working in close collaboration with humanitarian building and production of small livestock was provided to partners delivered 41,846 Mental Health and Psychosocial Efforts were also made in the rehabilitation of social partners in the region to address the ever-growing needs 7,458 households in 8 governorates and FAS partners provided Support Services (MHPSS), in conjunction with 331,676 infrastructure. The WASH sector continued its support to and vulnerabilities among IDPs and asylum seekers at Syria’s animal feed and drugs to 35,458 households, enabling over socio-economic and 47,535 material support interventions. In maintaining public infrastructure and, during the reporting borders, where conditions are often deplorable; (iv) scaling one million animals to be treated or vaccinated. A number of addition, since the end of 2015, the number of new community period, supported 709 water and sewage systems, benefiting up service delivery in priority locations, particularly with partners provided income generating activities support to 17,105 centres has increased from 30 to 51; outreach volunteers an estimated 16.4 million people living in catchment areas. regards to health (completing the immunization campaign households to help enhance income generating capacity. Finally, from 520 to 1,200; and 15 women’s safe spaces have become 2,793 classrooms, including child and gender friendly WASH and responding to medical emergency needs) and support to 6,620 households in 13 sub-districts benefitted from cash-for- operational, allowing partners to address needs in a more facilities, were also rehabilitated across the country as well as water supply systems; (v) providing assistance and protection work activities. comprehensive way. 20 health care facilities. The NFI/Shelter sector also looked to the estimated 6 million children living through conflict and to improve housing and community/public infrastructures, displacement in Syria, including through support to the back- The early recovery sector also focused on specific measures While attacks on health facilities and access constraints through support to owners/tenants to sustainably repair/ to-learning campaign; (vi) delivering assistance to growing to promote early recovery and resilience and/or restore access often undermined or constrained their efforts, Health and rehabilitate their housing (materials, cash, voucher, cash- populations unable to access heating materials and adequate to livelihoods. These were implemented in 10 governorates; Nutrition sector partners also made considerable efforts to for-work, local hire, etc.). During the reporting period shelter through the cold winter months; and (vii) continuing activities included debris and waste management services and strengthen health and nutrition services during the reporting however, only 590 people were reached, with the sector facing efforts to sustain and restore access to livelihoods doubling socio-economic support to small and medium sized enterprizes constraints to access and insecurity, among other challenges. efforts to support the upcoming winter planting season. With (SMEs) and self-reliant, crisis-affected groups, with particular the overall level of conflict now beginning to increase across the rehabilitation and livelihood interventions to support people For the infrastructure sector in general, power supply is country, strengthened preparedness efforts are also essential. with disabilities, female- headed households and other vulnerable Over three in four Syrians are now living in certainly the main constraint to continued service delivery. groups. In total, 13,719 people received livelihood support; poverty, unable to obtain the basic food needed to Supplementary power via generators is extremely expensive. Looking forward, partners will seek to strengthen their and 6,607 jobs were created in infrastructure rehabilitation and meet their needs Further, both the cost, as well as donors and government approach to targeting and vulnerability to ensure that restrictions, do not allow sectors to engage in the support vulnerable groups and better identified and that their access needed to provide to operation and maintenance (O&M) to to assistance - where gaps exist - is facilitated. Livelihoods have been devastated 65 percent of households scale. This, together with high local market prices and limited THE CONFLICT HAS HAD A goods in the local markets as well as insecurity and access across sectors. the have incurred debt over the CATASTROPHIC IMPACT ON THE Over half 65% restrictions, have remained a key limitation to infrastructure working age population is now last 12 months - almost all ECONOMY, EXACERBATING THE rehabilitation efforts. EXTREME VULNERABILITY OF unemployed, with loss of income borrowed from family, PEOPLE ACROSS THE COUNTRY affecting millions of dependents friends or community members. The main reason that people borrowed was to access food. Strategic Objectives: Achievements to date Strategic Objectives: Achievements to date

Indicators: Targets vs. Results to date PROGRESS MADE IN CROSS-CUTTING COMMITMENTS SO 1 Prevention of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (PSEA): cent of the food response and 23 per cent of the livelihood INDICATOR IN NEED BASELINE TARGET RESULT STATUS response in the Food Security and Agriculture sector. Partners (2016) (2015) (2016) JAN-JUNE Strengthening the protection of beneficiaries and vulnerable are also increasingly exploring and implementing multi- community members from sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) in sectoral cash initiatives. % of targets met across life-saving interventions 13.5 mil 8.7 mil Syria continues to be a top priority across hubs. Addressing these % of people reached with multi-sector 354,150 concerns remains challenging within the Syrian context due to Approaches differ; in the south, for example, a number of 390,000 - 390,000 On track – 95 per cent achieved humanitarian assistance in besieged locations (net) lack of access and ability to adequately monitor the situation. As organisations are now providing vouchers redeemable for: (a) cash, with a designated cash exchange and transfer (hawala) % of people reached with multi-sector 620,565 537,175 13 per cent (Gap of 87% to reach a result, the focus of activities so far has been to raise awareness 4,1 mil - humanitarian assistance in hard to reach locations (incl. bsg) (net) PIN) through training of humanitarian personnel and to expand the agent; or (b) fresh produce, with a designated vendor (which, network of qualified female-staffed social counseling teams, in turn, can cash them at a designated cash exchange and % of IDPs receiving multi-sectoral assistance Gaps – but data incomplete due deployed within the community centres and outside to ensure transfer agent). In situations where humanitarian actors cannot 6.5 mil 3.2 mil 361,600 to reporting difficulties culturally acceptable mitigating measures. Accompanying reach communities to distribute assistance, cash and voucher programmes have also been utilized, although due emphasis Combined per cent of country-based pooled fund 23 per cent (Gap of 27% to reach measures for international and Syrian NGOs have been put in disbursements allocated to national humanitarian 0 50% 23.3% PIN) place to help them deliver the eight point action plan on PSEA has been placed on ensuring appropriate assessments and actors and the recruitment of a full-time PSEA coordinator to act as a ongoing monitoring mechanisms are in place to avoid doing resource person and facilitate the establishment of a complaints, harm. Vouchers incorporate security features to mitigate against investigations, and referral mechanism is now underway. forgery and fraudulent design (e.g. holograms, which distort SO 2 when photocopied or scanned, raised silicon designs and subtle differences in certain printing areas) and barcodes enable their INDICATOR IN NEED BASELINE TARGET RESULT STATUS Accountability to Affected Population (AAP): electronic tracking from the point of distribution to the point of (2016) (2015) (2016) JAN-JUNE exchange. Indeed, new technologies have enabled humanitarian Over the reporting period, humanitarian actors in different # of interventions providing protection case actors in Syria to utilize cash and voucher modalities with referral, risk mitigation, or prevention services, hubs increasingly looked at ways to strengthen AAP and, in ever-growing confidence. Nonetheless, challenges to rolling 13.5 mil 197,477 10.89 mil 3,640,200 mil 33 per cent (Gap of 67 per cent) including community-based, psychosocial, GBV, particular, to establish more effective programme monitoring, out and expanding cash transfer programming in Syria remain, HLP, and child protection responses feedback, and complaints mechanisms. To date, efforts remain including the need to ensure access to functioning markets, limited – due to contextual difficulties. Nevertheless, efforts 18 # of national actors reached by capacity building and perceptions among donors and governments in the region 19 initiatives to implement protection responses, are being pursued through various modalities such as Third N/A N/A 12,841 people 12,841 On track - 72 per cent that cash and voucher programming carries greater risk than including protection mainstreaming, risk mitigation Party and Remote Monitoring. For example, from Jordan, other types of assistance - though experience to date suggests and front line response across all sectors various partners conduct post-distribution surveys to ascertain that, while it carries certain different risks, cash and voucher levels of satisfaction with assistance received and 40 per cent assistance is not less secure than in-kind deliveries. of agencies have established a Whatsapp hotline or other SO 3 mechanism through which beneficiaries can report fraud, waste While determining the best modality of delivery to or abuse, or other issues around fairness and transparency. At communities in Syria involves countless considerations, INDICATOR IN NEED BASELINE TARGET RESULT the inter-agency level, partners are now looking at collating both global good practices and Syria-specific examples have STATUS (2016) (2015) (2016) JAN-JUNE existing materials from experienced cross-border partners and illustrated how multi-sectoral cash transfer programming places beneficiaries’ needs and voices at the forefront, providing % of people in need supported with livelihood extrapolating good practices around programme monitoring 10 mil 17 per cent 32 per cent 26% 26 per cent (Gap of 74 per cent) interventions and AAP, which can be shared across the community. them with the flexibility to choose to prioritize some needs over others. There is also strong added value in using a market-based % of people in need with increased access to basic 10 mil - 1,850,000 1,478,360 On track - 79 per cent approach to strengthen the quality of assistance provided to the social infrastructure and services: Multi-sectoral cash programming households – for instance, when partners in Syria embarked on - # of boys and girls (6-59 months) who receive in-kind distributions of clothing for children during the winter Lipid based nutrient 1,830,499 437,823 915,249 700,000 Overachieved - 76 per cent To date, the majority of assistance in Syria has been delivered months, it was very difficult to ensure the correct sizes were supplement (LNS) in-kind and both sectoral and multi-sectoral cash assistance made available for each family. Beneficiary feedback indicates has remained relatively small in scale – in 2015, cash - % of school-aged children (boys and girls – that many people prefer to receive cash assistance over NFIs 5-17 years) enrolled in formal and non-formal Xxx xxx xxx 60 per cent On track - 60 per cent represented only 6-7 per cent of the total response for the that do not always meet family needs and, despite perceptions education Food Security and Agriculture Sector. of risk around cash programming, in-kind distributions often # of socio-economic infrastructure supported: Since the beginning of 2016, however, there is an interest come with the same or greater risk. For example, in southern Syria, some beneficiaries are reported to have sold or traded - # of classrooms established, expanded or among cross-border partners and donors to expand both Xxx xxx xxx 2,512 rehabilitated conditional and unconditional cash transfer programming in-kind assistance on the black market in order to generate cash in Syria to complement (but not replace) in-kind assistance. to meet other needs or facilitate loan repayments. - # of socio-economic infrastructures supported 8.7 mil xxx TBC xxx To this end, building upon feasibility studies and market and/or restored To facilitate operational coordination between actors engaged assessments, many partners have recently initiated or in cash transfer programmes, dedicated technical working - # of WASH systems rehabilitated/supported Xxx xxx xxx 709 expanded multi-sectoral cash and voucher initiatives. groups have been established in Jordan and Turkey, bringing - # health facilities rehabilitated and/or Available information indicates that, across Syria, cash and - 300 20 6.6 per cent (Gap of 94 per cent) together INGOs, SNGOs, donors and UN agencies (as reinforced voucher programming now represents 12.5 per cent observers). Most agencies engaged in cash programming also of the overall response in the NFI/Shelter sector and 7 per coordinate their activities through sector working groups. Strategic Objectives: Achievements to date Strategic Objectives: Achievements to date

2.1 million children remain out of school and a further KEY GAPS AND PRIORITIES 1.4 million are at risk of dropping out. Improving the CHALLENGES OPPORTUNITIES Despite progress made, significant gaps remain both quality of education through teacher training and sustained Access and security constraints remain the largest Positive changes have seen the access of humanitarian actors geographically and in every sector. Faced with multiple programming in schools remains a challenge (only 13 percent impediments faced by the humanitarian community in to an increasing number of besieged and hard to reach areas challenges and severe funding constraints, humanitarian of target met). Access to learning materials and supplies is low reaching vulnerable communities with life-saving relief from Damascus to deliver life-saving assistance – including actors have been forced to prioritize live-saving interventions, with only 15 percent of the targeted children having received supplies inside Syria. The operating environment remains preventive nutrition services to women and children - to which have had the highest reach in terms of numbers. In text books and school supplies. The 2016-2017 back to school volatile, negatively affecting the provision of services to the affected population since February 2016. turn, access issues and funding limitations have hampered campaign will start shortly targeting 2 million children. humanitarian community. There is a possibility to scale up the humanitarian response preventive actions and efforts to restore livelihoods and much Over the remaining six months, as an unimaginable In northern and southern Syria, challenges in response in several areas thanks to growing capacities including needed socio-economic infrastructure. humanitarian and protection crisis continues to unfold on the delivery are impeded by limited accessibility and constraints through the expansion of humanitarian presence and ability Important geographic coverage gaps remain: 125 ground, the humanitarian community in Syria will strive to on safe movement of staff due to insecurity. There are active to deliver services. sub-districts out of 272 remain under-served, with very few address the most crucial gaps in the response, including: military fronts between the Government of Syria and Non actors able to deliver requisite assistance. A further 17 sub- • sustaining and, wherever possible, increasing life-saving State Armed Groups (NSAGs) in various areas that render districts have not been reached with any type of assistance in and life-sustaining humanitarian assistance to all people in humanitarian space challenging. Within Syria, obtaining the last five months. In particular, coverage in ISIL-held areas need, particularly in conflict affected areas; approvals/authorizations/facilitations letters for projects or in Deir-ez-Zor and Raqqa governorates has remained limited supply deliveries can be a lengthy process that has sometimes and access to Al-Hasakeh has remained challenging - and • sustained advocacy to lift all sieges and to access and resulted in delayed implementation. grown even more so since adjacent borders were closed three respond to the immense needs in besieged, militarily There continues to be a need for long-term capacity-building months ago. In an effort to ensure lifesaving assistance reached encircled, and other hard-to-reach areas, as well as initiatives to strengthen the capacity of partners working on these locations, as measure of last resort, the UN commenced a responding to needs arising from the crisis in Aleppo City; specialized areas, such as legal assistance, child protection series of high-altitude air drops to Deir-ez-Zor City on 10 April • working in close collaboration with humanitarian partners and GBV. Technical capacity and partnership opportunities and airlifts from Damascus to Qamishly on 9 July. Nonetheless, in the region to address the ever-growing needs and remain obstacles to substantively scaling up and diversifying coverage in these areas, along with Raqqa governorate, remains vulnerabilities among IDPs and asylum seekers at Syria’s protection services across Syria. inadequate, with many sub-districts only reached by one sector borders, where conditions are often deplorable; or not reached at all. The HRP remains largely underfunded. Improved cross-line • scaling up service delivery in priority locations, particularly access has increased the need for readily available supplies, There are also critical gaps in the provision of with regards to health – completing the immunization increasing the need for additional funds. 20 assistance to IDPs, especially those living improvised campaign and responding to medical emergency needs - as 21 settlements, overcrowded collective centres, and damaged and well as support to water supply systems. unfinished buildings. 56 per cent of IDP collective shelters remain underserviced with only one off support delivered • providing assistance and protection to the estimated 6 million in the past 6 months. Serious gaps also persist in the shelter children living through conflict and displacement in Syria, response – particularly at household level - with only 13 per including through support to the back-to-learning campaign; cent of the 1.2 million people targeted for assistance reached. • delivering assistance to growing populations unable to Capacity gaps in specialized protection services – including access heating materials and adequate shelter through the GBV, legal protection and HLP also continue to be a key bitterly cold winter months; challenge to protection response • continuing efforts to sustain and restore access to Sustained preventive and therapeutic service delivery livelihoods doubling efforts to support the upcoming winter is needed, particularly in besieged areas, large population planting season; centres and areas where high percentages or concentrations of IDPs are living with host communities. There is an increasing Beyond geographical and sectoral gaps, the humanitarian need for medicines, especially for non-communicable community will also look to strengthen its approach to diseases, across Syria. Lack of routine immunization services targeting and vulnerability to ensure that vulnerable groups in large parts of the country, particularly northern, eastern are better identified and that their access to assistance – where and southern Syria is also a key concern as well as gaps in gaps exist – is facilitated. With the overall level of conflict the availability of Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care now beginning to increase across the country, strengthened (EmONC) at health facilities. Lack of electricity remains preparedness efforts will also be essential. the main challenge for water provision across the country. Increased unregulated water alternatives pose significant risks to public health. Increased supply of chlorination devices combined with maintenance and rehabilitation of water supply system remains a priority. FUNDING ANALYSIS

FUNDING ANALYSIS

Required vs. Received to date (Million $US) Source: Financial Tracking Service (FTS) CLUSTER ACHIEVEMENTS

REVISED FUNDING FUNDING REPORTED % SECTOR/CLUSTER REQUIREMENTS AVAILABLE (HRP) OUTSIDE HRP GAP

200,239,557 84,257,965 3,279,756 58% EDUCATION

525,184,835 45,169,092 16,198,129 91% Protection SHELTER/NFI Camp Coordination & Camp Management

1,339,640 0 100% EMERGENCY Early Recovery and Livelihoods TELECOMMUNICATIONS Education 51,174,627 12,603,461 75% NUTRITION Food Security and Agriculture

1,238,918,095 416,496,185 245,403,199 63% Health FOOD SECURITY Nutrition 22 15,039,153 7,530,879 50% 23 LOGISTICS Shelter and NFI

252,048,010 52,446,927 1,154,902 79% Water, Sanitation & Hygiene (WASH) WASH Logistics 25,447,375 2,033,800 92% CCCM

EARLY RECOVERY 148,470,742 52,705,208 1,048,218 65% AND LIVELIHOODS

235,979,938 35,810,380 19,269,911 85% PROTECTION

440,839,104 72,221,289 31,660,074 83% HEALTH

0 251,012,077 201,715,653 CLUSTER NOT YET SPECIFIED

58,673,597 14,910,953 8,489,944 75% COORDINATION

MULTISECTOR 79,571,410

TOTAL 3,193,354,673 1,047,198,216 607,791,196 66% PROTECTION FUNDING ANALYSIS

Protection (157 per cent of target) women, girls, men and boy survivors of Protection advocacy Key Indicators 13.5 Million People in Need GBV through specialised services. The number of beneficiaries reached is higher than expected due to increased number of The sectors’ commitment to advocacy continues with Target increased policy initiatives to support a principled and Progress Million People targeted partners in the different hubs and extended reach from Damascus. 10.9 operationally sound humanitarian response. These include the HCT-endorsed paper on ‘Protection and Humanitarian # of girls, boys, women and men participating 3.6 Million People covered in structured and sustained child protection and Child protection Considerations for the Engagement of Humanitarian psychosocial support programmes, including Further, protection monitoring and Actors in Situations of Negotiated Ceasefires and Related parenting programmes Child protection actors are making steady progress on the four PROGRESS TOWARDS operational coordination analysis Humanitarian Evacuations in Syria.’ UN Protection Agencies core commitments of the No Lost Generation Initiative. During CLUSTER OBJECTIVES improved, particularly in southern raise protection issues identified through IA Convoys to 910,374 the reporting period, actors reached 328,693 children (36 per Syria, where a protection monitoring besieged and hard-to-reach areas with relevant authorities 39% 357,477 cent of target) with community-based child protection and The protection sector response strategy initiative was rolled out and rapid and relevant parties on behalf of affected populations to psychosocial support programmes; 225,417 individuals (12 per for 2016 aims at increasing the protection response assessment mechanism was support humanitarian interventions as well as early response/ cent of target) with awareness raising on child protection issues; of affected people at risk from the established. Similar initiatives are in early warning. The protection advocacy working group will # of women, girls, boys and men survivors consequences of violence including and 10,018 children (61 per cent of target) with specialised child accessing specialized GBV services place to support ongoing monitoring support partner-based protection advocacy in 2016/17. protection services including case management. In addition, through the provision of quality efforts in northern Syria and to assess 3,665 child protection workers (575 per cent of target) were 15,740 specialized services and by reducing needs during inter-agency convoys. reached with training initiatives to strengthen their capacity to 180% 28,358 the impact of explosive remnants. The protection sector continues to diversify provide services to children. Child Protection actors are making KEY DEVELOPMENTS its response and presence based on the headway in responding to child recruitment and child labour, Community-based protection The protection sector has seen two contrasting changes in the 2016 Humanitarian Response Plan. In both priority issues identified in the HNO, through inclusive # Beneficiaries who received Risk Education services context in Syria: February 2016, the Jordan Hub Protection and multi-sectoral approaches. For example, an operational 2,952,452 Working Group was formally established, Significant advances were made in framework has been agreed upon to provide multi-sectoral • The significant escalation of hostilities in Idleb and Aleppo has forced partners to periodically suspend day-to-day 57% 1,680,840 which has led to improved protection the expansion of community-based community-based services to prevent and respond to child analysis and operational coordination responses across the country. Across recruitment in targeted locations, and the sector is working with services and/or adjust the modality of their delivery. This for protection actors in southern Syria. Syria, 41,846 Mental Health and national authorities to deliver on a strategy to tackle child labour. includes moving community spaces underground. In early # initiatives incorporating protection analysis and Progress is also being made towards Psychosocial Support Services (MHPSS) 2016, two Cluster-supported projects (via the Humanitarian advocacy integrating Lebanon and Iraq based have been provided by partners, Fund) had facilities/resources damaged by airstrikes and 24 partners into the protection response. with 136,223 counselling services Mine action an additional two postponed essential components of their 25 provided to persons and community- programmes (such as conflict risk mitigation training for Significant steps have been made to improve the mine action 40% 19 In the first six months of 2016, progress based services provided to groups. community members and assessments) due to conduct of response in Syria by mine action and child protection actors. was made towards the protection sector’s 331,676 socio-economic and 47,535 hostilities. In southern Syria, conflict in early 2016 resulted In the first five months of 2016, 716,274 people (24 per cent objectives. Overall, the protection sector material support interventions have in significant levels of displacement. Fighting between Liwa of the target) have received education on the risks posed conducted 2,232,985 interventions in 172 supported this. Since the end of 2015, Shuhadaa Al Yarmouk and FSA-aligned non-State armed by unexploded explosive devices throughout the country, sub-districts across Syria. Protection sector the number of new community centres groups in Ash-Shajara sub-district southwestern Dar’a, has including in collaboration with Child Protection partners partners have also reached 12 of the 18 has increased from 30 to 51; outreach resulted in a shrinking of the humanitarian space, with and the Ministry of Education. Risk education partners besieged locations in 2016 while, overall, volunteers from 520 to 1,200; and access increasingly a challenge. have reached 124,000 adults and children with direct risk 87 per cent of protection interventions 15 women’s safe spaces have become education in their communities. Since deploying at the end • Positive changes have seen in access of humanitarian actors have been organized in locations ranked as operational, allowing partners to of March 2016, two clearance teams have destroyed 684 items to an increasing number of the besieged and hard to reach severity 4 and 5 in the 2016 Humanitarian address needs in a more comprehensive of unexploded ordnance, including 615 cluster munitions. areas from Damascus since February 2016. Participation Needs Overview. 72 per cent of the way. In some governorates, state Non-technical survey teams have also been deployed to better of protection staff in interagency convoys has improved protection response has occurred in the services are being mapped, along governorates of Rural Damascus, Damascus, determine the extent of the explosive hazard problem. understanding of the protection risks in besieged areas, with those provided by humanitarian including the impact of besiegement on freedom of Aleppo and Idleb, with over 600,000 people partners, to support referral pathways. reached in Rural Damascus alone. movement of civilians who remain trapped in unsafe areas. Protection capacity development • Family separation, early and forced marriage and lack Gender-based violence (GBV) Partners’ capacity development is being supported by initiatives or losses of documentation continue to be key threats Protection monitoring such as e-learning and training of trainer initiatives in Syria and for people in these areas. The ability for communities to Innovative IT tools have also been in neighboring countries. Training centres are being set-up in access education and health care, particularly for those Monitoring of grave child rights developed to support the outreach Damascus, Aleppo and Homs to support continuity of training most vulnerable, such as those in need of urgent medical violations, as mandated by the UN and community work for referrals opportunities; and new initiatives allowing for distance learning treatment, is severely limited. Security Council, is continuing with and to improve the consistency across for Syrian partners in areas which cannot be directly accessed close to 650 violations verified to have the response. The GBV online service for training purposes have commenced. taken place since January. Killing and mapping tools capture the services maiming of children continues to be provided by 21 organisations to improve There have been 166 training activities conducted in 2016. the most frequent reported violation as the referral pathways for survivors. Efforts A WoS child protection capacity assessment was undertaken a result of the conduct of hostilities by have been made to establish and operate that will be critical to inform the development of a cohesive all parties to the conflict, followed by minimum and emergency response capacity building strategy, thus addressing a gap for the sector. recruitment and/or use of children by packages for GBV. Across Syria, GBV Investment in strengthening the child protection workforce all parties to the conflict. partners have been able to reach 24,674 remains a top priority for the child protection sub-sector CAMP COORDINATION AND CAMP MANAGEMENT FUNDING ANALYSIS

CHALLENGES ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN Key Indicators 6.5 Million People in Need The challenges faced by protection partners are significantly In order to address these gaps for the remainder of 2016, the Target varied across the response. In view of the rapid expansion protection sector will continue to work on improving the Progress 3.2 Million People targeted of the protection and community services sector, national scale, diversity and quality of interventions. For example, # of IDPs living in IDP sites provided with life- partners require support in providing specialised training to the roll out of Child Protection and GBV SOP guidelines saving assistance 0.93 Million People covered newly recruited staff. There continues to be a need for long- will support minimum operational standards and do no term capacity-building initiatives to strengthen the capacity of harm approaches. Child Protection will pilot monitoring 500,000 half of 2016 as more funding becomes partners working in specialized areas, such as legal assistance, and evaluation approaches to improve programme quality. 63% 316,850 PROGRESS TOWARDS available and more NGOs adopt this child protection, and GBV. Technical capacity and partnership Protection monitoring projects and needs assessments are best practice. opportunities remain obstacles to substantively scaling up and intended to improve quality of protection information on CLUSTER OBJECTIVES diversifying protection services across Syria. threats and risks, safe programming and advocacy. This # of women, girls, boys and men survivors The CCCM sector response strategy Finally, as a service to the humanitarian includes a stronger focus on vulnerabilities and community accessing specialized GBV services response, the CCCM has tracked Although identified as a priority for 2016, mobile response for 2016 aimed at promoting good coping mechanisms specific to protection issues to gain a 924,800 new rapid onset displacements remains challenging, particularly for recently displaced 12 management of IDP sites, streamlining greater understanding about if/how specific issues of concern during the reporting period. This service IDP populations, as it is a new mode of delivery and access the provision of multi-sectoral are being managed, given the low reporting rates. 50% 6 has enabled other actors and sectors to constraints remain significant. life-saving assistance to IDPs, and respond rapidly to their needs. Ultimately, engaging duty bearers and stakeholders such as collecting accurate displacement data In northern and southern Syria, challenges in response the humanitarian leadership and other sectors to improve the # Beneficiaries who received Risk Education to inform the humanitarian response. delivery are further impeded by limited accessibility and protection response in Syria is a core task of the sector e.g. to Mid-year, the sector is making progress constraints on safe movement of staff. Although the Cluster address the protection risks in besieged and hard-to-reach areas, 3.2 million in reaching its objectives: KEY DEVELOPMENTS continues to expand, with a growing number of partners working with FSL and Education to address issues relating to 29% 924,900 During the reporting period, members providing specialized services, including GBV and mine The most significant development in Children Associated with Armed Forces and Groups (CAAFAG), of the CCCM sector were able to action services in northern Syria, organisations’ operations 2016 was the substantial deterioration and integrating GBV responses in health and other sectors. provide continuous multi-sector are concentrated largely in Idleb and Aleppo due to insecurity of the security situation in some areas assistance to 361,600 IDPs living in other locations. In southern Syria, beyond access (including Sustained capacity building for national actors, including where large IDPs sites existed for in planned camps, informal tented recent restrictions on the number of staff able to cross the those engaged in specialized services; community based several years in relative safety. The most settlements, transit camps, and border, including for training in Jordan), security and funding protection approaches; documenting child rights violations; noteworthy case occurred in the Azaz collective centres in the governorates constraints are still limiting. and collective advocacy will underpin the Cluster’s sub-district: at the beginning of the 26 of Lattkia, Idleb, Aleppo, Deir-ez-Zor 27 operational delivery. year there were 38,500 IDPs living in and Ar Raqqa. Such IDP sites remain a 7 informal tented settlements. These measure of last resort for the displaced, settlements had been assisted for the KEY GAPS only utilized when all other coping last three years, with only one built in mechanisms have been exhausted. Gaps in improving the protection response include the the last year. In February, there was a partnership portfolio (limitations on skills and coverage) and The last six months saw an increase of dramatic shift in conflict lines in Azaz, limited real-time information on protection risks and threats. 125,374 people living in IDP sites and with violence spreading very close to Currently 172 (63 per cent) of sub-districts in Syria receive the set-up of an additional 23 informal some major IDP sites. As a result, IDPs some form of protection response. Gaps in other areas in tented settlements, particularly in Idleb. fled these settlements en masse. At least Syria in part due to insecurity and donor restrictions, such as Sector members were able to respond to 43,300 IDPs moved from five settlements ISIL controlled areas. These areas continue to be a concern for the food (74 per cent coverage), WASH and their surroundings to areas in and protection actors. Delivery of specialized protection services (81 per cent coverage), and shelter (60 around Bab Al Salama IDP Settlements continues to be severely hampered by the lack of partners per cent coverage) needs of people in and Azaz town. with the required level of expertise, e.g. for GBV responses. these IDP sites with limited resources. Also significantly, several IDP sites in While progress has been made, the provision of emergency To facilitate the coordination of the Yamaddia, Lattakia Governorate were GBV response to address needs and risks of new displaced multi-sectoral response in these IDP shut down due to their proximity to the population is still a gap. Even though additional health actors sites, the CCCM publishes a monthly conflict. At least 13,000 IDPs were forced are starting to provide clinical management of rape services, gap analysis of all IDP sites serviced by to leave their IDP settlements and move clinical management of rape has a low priority in the health its members. toward other settlements in northern response. Other gaps remain in GBV specialized services to A significant achievement in this Idleb, establishing a new camp area in refer affected people to. Across Syria gaps also remain in the reporting period has been the Deir Hassan. The situation remains fluid delivery of specialized child protection services to address investment made in promoting in Lattakia. Several new IDP settlements specific vulnerabilities of children at risk and survivors of accountable management within IDP were also established in Al-Hasakeh and violence and abuse, as well as programming to address the sites, particularly the establishment of are being served out of Iraq. protection vulnerabilities of adolescent girls and boys. IDP committees. 38 per cent of the 181 Given the magnitude of documentation issues, organisations informal tented settlements across the with global expertise on legal protection are a gap in the country now have such committees (an planned 2016 response. increase of 133 per cent of since last year). The sector is hoping the number of committees will grow in the second EARLY RECOVERY AND LIVELIHOODS FUNDING ANALYSIS

CHALLENGES ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN Key Indicators 9.2 Million People in Need • The unstable security situation remains the largest challenge The establishment and training of additional IDP Committees Target for this sector. The entire region of Azaz (which houses an and other accountable management structures will continue to Progress 3.6 Million People targeted 2 estimated 179,500 IDPs) remains highly contested between be a priority for the upcoming period. Effective management Act: Establish and implement Cash-for-Work and several parties to the conflict. There are active military fronts of these IDP sites will enable more targeted and efficient labour-intensive schemes for debris and solid 1.5 Million People covered between the Government of Syria and NSAGs in Lattakia interventions. Support to collective centres will also be a waste management and rehabilitation in shelters, and Idleb Governorates which have caused many IDPs to priority for the coming period. Information on collective affected neighbourhoods and host communities disabilities, whereby various services, abandon informal tented settlements. centres will be gathered throughout Syria and will be verified by # of affected people with better access to basic and PROGRESS TOWARDS such as disability aids, physiotherapy and CCCM members. The CCCM Cluster is strengthening its IDP • Limited adequate space remains a major challenge in existing social infrastructure and services livelihoods support, were offered. During tracking initiative by expanding its tracking project to cover CLUSTER OBJECTIVES camps, informal tented settlements, and collective centres. the first half of 2016, the programme broader areas and focus on verification. Finally with regards 1,850,000 Most informal settlements were established without reference The 2016 Early Recovery and reached 864 people with disabilities, to attacks on known IDP sites, (Ekkdeh and Ghita’ Rahma II), to SPHERE standards and, as a result, are extremely crowded 47.91% 886,360 Livelihoods strategy aims to improve including 104 who were directly there have been calls for investigations into the incidents and with little capacity to absorb additional IDPs. This is linked the lives and livelihoods of affected targeted through special programmes parties to the conflict parties to the conflict have the obligation to the lack of accountable management. The majority of these people and communities and build and 760 who benefited from livelihood to avoid areas in which civilians are residing and are prohibited # of people employed in infrastructure informal tented settlements were established on private land their resilience and capacities to cope and employment opportunities made by international humanitarian law from directly targeting rehabilitation by IDPs on in ad hoc manner, with no camp management with and recover from shocks and available under regular programmes. civilian infrastructure. measures and without liaising with NGOs/government 12,390 crisis. To this end, the sector employs a During the reporting period, the ERL authorities and mobilizing collective action. three-pillared approach which focuses 33.98% 4,210 on: (i) sustaining and enhancing sector also strengthened its coordination service delivery and basic community mechanisms, holding five (5) sector meetings in Damascus to discuss, plan, Act: Establish and implement Cash-for-Work and infrastructure; (ii) creating and KEY GAPS labour-intensive schemes for the restoration and stabilizing basic livelihoods and social explore, and improve ERL programming protection, to promote socio-economic in Syria. With a view to expanding The largest gap in the CCCM response remains lack of access rehabilitation of damaged infrastructure in relatively stable areas, areas of return and hosting communities recovery; and (iii) promoting social sector programming, the ERL sector and – as a result – limited accountable management. Only cohesion and community engagement coordinator also contributed to two three camps are directly managed by humanitarian actors. This # of affected people with better access to basic and to strengthen resilience and mitigate the technical meetings on local governance accounts for only 2 per cent of the total population in IDP sites. social infrastructure and services effects of protracted crisis. In February issues relevant to the cross-border 28 However, this quarter has seen some substantial improvements 29 1,143,500 2016, partners at the London Pledging response, while UNDP participated in in this regard. CCCM partners have helped established IDP Conference re-affirmed the importance the first Syria Stabilization meeting in committees in 40 camps, an increase in 133 per cent over last 51.77% 592,000 of promoting a resilience-oriented Istanbul and agreed to help advance year. This trend is expected to increase in the upcoming period. approach and advocated more support to technical work on “Reconciliation” and Although multi-sector services are being provided in the # of people employed in infrastructure livelihoods inside Syria. “Local Governance”, in line with the majority of informal tented settlements, these activities are rehabilitation WoS approach. A dedicated ERL cluster Between 1 January and 30 June 2016, the performed piecemeal by the CCCM partners. Out of the 181 coordinator has now been recruited 6,300 ERL sector partners achieved relatively informal tented settlements, 46 settlements (23 per cent of in Gaziantep and will begin mapping good results despite funding limitations population in informal settlements) do not have regular food 11.05% 696 existing programmes and bring partners and other challenges. ERL activities, services, 93 settlements (42 per cent of the population) do together to strengthen the ERL response implemented in 11 governorates, not have an NFI focal point able to provide vital replacement in northern Syria in September 2016. included debris and waste management items or new arrival kits, and 35 settlements (19 per cent of Act: Support socio-economic recovery of micro- and small-scale enterprises through grants, loans services and socio-economic support the population) do not have comprehensive WASH services. and assets replacement with particular focus on to SMEs and self-reliant, crisis-affected That being said, the majority of tented informal settlements are vulnerable groups groups, with particular rehabilitation CHANGES IN CONTEXT being serviced by humanitarian actors even though resources and livelihood interventions to support are stretched. # of affected people receiving livelihoods support During the reporting period, the (loans, grants, assets, vocational training…) people with disabilities, female- headed importance of coupling humanitarian With regard to collective centres, only 44 per cent of centres aggregated by gender and age households and other vulnerable groups. activities with resilience-building and have multi-sectoral coverage. These collective centres are In total, the sector reached 1,501,076 283,945 stabilization activities inside Syria receiving regular support from CCCM partners. The other affected people (42 per cent of target) was reaffirmed at the highest levels. 56 per cent received one-off support and were reported as a 3.50% 9,946 as follows: 1,478,360 people now The sector witnessed an increase in priority IDP site to the CCCM based on needs. Furthermore, have better access to basic and social partners engaging in its meetings there is strong evidence many more collective centres exist infrastructure and services (46.5 per cent and planning, with more active and throughout Syria and that the extent of their needs remains # of people employed in livelihoods restoration of target); 13,719 people have received activities effective involvement and inputs in turn underreported. various types of livelihood support (4.3 supporting the ERL response. 14,275 per cent of target); and 6,607 jobs were Since early 2016, parts of Syria, including 11.92% 1,701 created in infrastructure rehabilitation and restoration (20 per cent of target). Homs and Rural Damascus (Maa’loula), Notably, ERL sector partners also have experienced decreased levels implemented an integrated rehabilitation of conflict, enabling advanced early

2. As of June 8th 2016, HNO 2015 figures updated with CCCM figures on displacements programme targeting people with recovery programming and activities. EDUCATION FUNDING ANALYSIS

Accordingly, debris management challenging due to various operational Act: Develop and implement business development activities expanded and the sector constraints. Currently, technical Key Indicators People in Need services including vocational training 7.5 Million embarked upon socio-economic discussions and negotiations are taking Target # of affected people receiving livelihoods support recovery activities, including support place to better identify entry points Progress 4.6 Million People targeted (loans, grants, assets, vocational training…) to small businesses and self-reliance for UN agencies and other partners aggregated by gender and age initiatives. The improvement in the to start engaging in ER planning, # of children (5-17 years, girls/boys) enrolled in non-formal education 1.1 Million People covered 26,806 security situation in some areas also implementation and monitoring. enabled the sector to undertake social 626,810 5.10% 1,366 and basic infrastructure rehabilitation. sector. The Self-Learning Programme 57% 354,166 PROGRESS TOWARDS Linking early recovery, resilience (SLP) aims at reaching out-of-school KEY GAPS CLUSTER OBJECTIVES children who are internally displaced Act: Develop and implement an integrated building, and stabilization activities rehabilitation programme for PwD offering various to the confidence building processes Currently, there are significant # of children (5-17 years, girls/boys) benefiting and living in hard-to-reach areas with During emergencies, education provides limited or no access to schooling. The services such as disability aids, physiotherapy, associated with efforts to broker and geographical gaps in the ERL response. from school feeding programmes stability and structure, and protects livelihoods support SLP allows children to continue learning support local peace agreements, such as Since the beginning of 2016, ERL actors children and youth against exploitation in Al-Wa’er, Palmyra, and several other 548,000 at home or in community spaces # of affected people receiving livelihoods support have only reached 31 sub-districts in and harm. The education sector response 53% 292,105 through a comprehensive self-study (loans, grants, assets, vocational training, etc.) locations, represented a major policy 11 governorates, compared to 37 sub- strategy for 2016 ensures access to aggregated by gender and age shift and saw the ERL sector step-up districts in 14 governorates by June 2015. course with a condensed curriculum in safe, equitable and quality education line with the Syria national curriculum. engagement with the OCHA, OSE, and Other significant gaps in the ERL sector for children and youth affected by the 500 other UN partners and sectors. in first part of 2016 included social # teachers, facilitators and school staff trained It is designed in such a way that (female/male) crisis in Syria. Education partners are 18.60% 93 protection and the targeted rehabilitation students can learn supervised by any working to strengthen the capacity of adult (parents, community members, of agricultural infrastructure. 34,722 the education system and communities teachers, facilitators) or independently to deliver a timely, coordinated and # of people with disabilities benefiting from CHALLENGES 13% 4,364 and to enable children to prepare for evidence-based education response. rehabilitation services and livelihoods support • Shortages of funding: The ERL sector government exams. The SLP is a WoS ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN During the reporting period from education flagship programme on access 16,500 has received more support from # of children (5-17 years, girls/boys) benefiting January to June 2016, the WoS Education the international community and With increased access to locations from self-learning, life skills programmes and quality, and was scaled up country- 5.24% 864 Sector has reached a total of 1,130,440 wide during 2016, targeting 56,628 donors; total received-contributions witnessing local agreements, such people including 1,092,305 children is $48,586,449 with a funding rate of as Al-Wa’er, Harasta, Karyateen and 532,187 children, including 32,525 children in 30 and youth (52 per cent girls and 48 per besieged and 17,736 in hard-to-reach 31 Act: Develop and implement Cash-for-Work, 32.7 per cent. Nevertheless, funding Tadmour, the ERL sector will look to 39% 311,789 cent boys), 46,668 Palestine refugees, locations. A further 155,161 children assets support, grants and toolkits provision shortages, together with expanded expand its investment in stabilization 93,312 children in besieged areas, and youth benefited from life-skills and and vocational training for women heading ERL coverage, is impacting heavily on and resilience-building activities in these 263,833 children in hard-to-reach areas households # of children (girls/boys) received textbooks, citizenship education programming. the sector’s ability to advance sector areas. In addition, the sector will also and an additional 38,135 teachers and objectives and achieve intended look to increase local capacity through teaching and learning materials, and school Professional development was provided # of affected people receiving livelihoods support supplies education personnel. Education sector to 4,364 teachers on the core academic (loans, grants, assets, vocational training, etc.) results. This is holding back targets the provision of specialized training. partner programmes aim to scale-up aggregated by gender and age and delaying project implementation. 3,837,091 subjects, classroom management The ERL sector will also continue to safe and equitable access to formal and For example, a key player such as methodology, pedagogy, Education engage with sector/cluster partners in 13% 535,247 non-formal education and in particular 8,480 UNICEF is experiencing delays in in Emergencies and the Interagency Damascus, Gaziantep, and Amman to prioritize vulnerable children who 27.29% 2,314 the implementation of initiatives Network for Education in Emergencies explore pertinent policies, action plans, are out of school and those children focusing on socio-economic support (INEE) Minimum Standards. Incentives and programmatic entry points, in line # of education actors (female/male) trained receiving poor quality educational were provided to 8,461 teachers, as a way through cash transfers because of lack on policy, planning, data collection, sector services disrupted by the conflict. # of vulnerable HH receiving regular cash or in- with the resilience-building inside Syria to reinforce motivation and increase job of funding. coordination and INEE MS Non-formal education programmes, kind cash transfers perspective. Finally, additional efforts satisfaction and retention. Teaching and • Low-level private sector engagement will be made to mobilize resources for 2,090 including early childhood care and learning materials and school supplies 950 education (ECCE), accelerated learning in ERL activities, and limited the sector in the second half of 2016, 80% 1,755 were distributed to 535,247 children in 0% 0 understanding of the private sector’s thus enabling the sector to better achieve (Curriculum B), and remedial classes in protective learning spaces with gender role in reviving local economies its planned results. alternative learning centres, in second- sensitive WASH facilities. Strengthening and restoring basic and social shift schools, community centres and the capacity of the education system Act: Develop and implement Cash-for-Work, infrastructure; through mobile units have benefitted and communities to deliver a timely, assets support, grants and toolkits provision 377,211 children during the reporting and vocational training for women heading • Limited national and local capacity: coordinated and evidence-based period. School feeding programmes education response is the final objective households Alongside the need to reinforce contribute to the retention of children national and local capacity in areas of of the education sector. A stronger and # of affected people receiving livelihoods support in education and to better engage in ERL, there is an immediate need to more resilient education system allows (loans, grants, assets, vocational training…) learning while in class. A total of 292,105 education actors at all levels to better aggregated by gender and age promote their wider participation and children benefitted from on-going respond to the increased needs of Syrian engagement in skills and management school feeding programmes during 17,400 children through capacity development. development programmes; the reporting period. Improving the 8.77% 1,526 1,755 Education actors received training • Access: ERL interventions which provision of quality education services on policy, planning, data collection and are implemented using cross-line within a protective learning environment sector coordination during the reporting and cross-border modalities are still is the second objective of the education period. FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE FUNDING ANALYSIS

CHALLENGES KEY GAPS Key Indicators 8.7 Million People in Need Despite expanding the programming and increasing access 2.1 million children are out of school and 1.4 million are at risk Target Food Assistance through cross-border activities, education partners still face a of dropping out. Children are often learning without textbooks Progress number of challenges impeding the effective scaling up of the and learning materials in inadequate and unsafe learning # of households assisted by emergency responses/ Million People targeted education response. spaces, especially in besieged and hard-to-reach locations. contingency plans. 7.5 Classrooms continue to be overcrowded and the situation is • Security and safety, including attacks on schools, not exacerbated due to the influx of displaced children to host 1.2 million 6.4 Million People covered only cause physical and material damage, but disrupt communities and the limited resources available either to repair the delivery of services. There were multiple attacks on 54% Livelihood and Agriculture damaged classrooms or to expand existing learning spaces. education during the first half of the year including 23 652,603 people reached as of May, 2016 attacks on schools (one incident included an attack on two Partners lack funds to respond or scale up education F – 334,459 - M – 318,144 4.3 Million People targeted schools) and 5 incidents affecting education personnel. programming in response to emergency displacements. In Million People covered These incidents and others like them have led to schools addition, mainstreaming psychosocial support in schools # of people receiving assistance as % of planned 0.92 being suspended and make families reluctant to send their remains a challenging endeavor and partners are working to by different modalities, including: in kind such as children to school even when schools are operating. further strengthen it. food baskets, wheat flour/bread , cash, vouchers, Refugees through selection criteria that and supplementary food assistance programmes PROGRESS TOWARDS • The heavy bureaucratic procedures and multi-layer take into account households’ socio- approval processes required to access many parts of Syria # of people receiving subsidized bread (bakery CLUSTER OBJECTIVES economic status. The targeted people were support – SO 3) reached in 157 sub-districts across 14 negatively impacts programming, timely school level ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN The Food Security and Agriculture monitoring, reporting of education interventions and Quantity of food/value of cash/voucher received governorates (in varying degrees across A back-to-learning campaign targeting 2 million children sector operational plan for 2016 aims capacity development of partners. Many communities by beneficiary/ households (and proportion in those 14 governorates based on access). will be conducted in the third quarter of the year to welcome relation to food basket.) to ensure both life-saving and life- in ISIL-controlled areas continue to be underserved and The monthly ration provided by sector the new school year, ensure children are back in schools, and sustaining support to a total 7.5 million remain in dire need of education assistance. 6.3 million partners meets on average 1,435 kilocalorie increase parent and community engagement in education. food insecure or at risk of food insecurity requirements per person per day and • Funding gaps have severely affected the sector’s ability to The Education sector will continue to advocate and work with 90% people in Syria. The sector aims for is below sector’s recommended 1,470 – scale up the education response country wide. adequate food consumption for the partners and key stakeholders on issues of accreditation and 5,660,378 people (Food baskets - avg per month) 1600 kilocalorie per person per day. This most affected populations, to reduce certification. F – 2,909,944 - M – 2,759,434 amounted to a total of 215,514 MT of food • The protracted nature of the crisis has hampered the the number of people adopting negative collection of school level data for evidence-based and Partnerships will be expanded to implement and bring the rations over a period of five months. 32 1,952,150 people (Bread/WF - avg per month) coping mechanisms and support early 33 equity-focused sector programming. Self-Learning Programme to scale, especially in besieged and F – 1,000,477 - M – 951,673 and medium term recovery of critical The sector also recommended providing hard-to-reach areas for the most vulnerable boys and girls • The issue of certification and accreditation remains a major agricultural/livelihood assets and essential supplementary food assistance to affected by the crisis. Capacity development efforts will be challenge. 642,824 people (avg per month) services related to food security. Between Persons with Specific Needs. To this provided to education stakeholders to improve national and F – 329,447 - M – 313,377 January and May 2016, the sector end, 7,683 Pregnant and Lactating • Children have to travel great distances and cross active lines school level monitoring, reporting and data collection. registered the following achievements Women received fresh food vouchers in order to attend exam centres to sit for the final national under its four sector objectives: on average every month on top of their exams held during May and June. # of households reached with agricultural inputs as food rations as a targeted response % of planned by modality (in kind, cash or voucher) • Due to the dynamic nature of the conflict and the by WFP. A total of 21 partners also significant movement and fluctuations in population, 230,000 HHs Provide emergency short-term and provided wheat flour/bread assistance education partners find it challenging to maintain more 26% 59,899 HHs regular monthly food assistance. to 1,952,150 people on average every month through direct household structured, quality and on-going education interventions 667,954 displaced people benefited from distribution or bakery support that especially among displaced populations. emergency food assistance (short term # of households supplied with backyard kit as % of is provided outside the food baskets. support of 2-4 weeks through reduced • In many cases schools, community education centres, or planned by modality (in kind, cash or voucher This amounted to a total of 24,975 food baskets, Ready to Eat rations and alternative learning centres (ALC) cannot meet the demand MT of wheat flour over a period of 5 cooked meals) provided by WFP and for education services and which often overwhelms capacity. 100,000 HHs months. Sector partners such as WFP 14 sector partners. This includes repeat 26% 26,013 HHs also provides supplementary feeding targeting for people who have been to children under 5 years old under the displaced multiple times to different nutrition sector’s operational plan for locations. This constitutes 55.7 per cent # of households supplied with assets as % of HRP 2016. planned by modality (in kind, cash or voucher) of the sector annual target and already over the projected target for the first five # of animals distributed as % of planned. months of the year. Restore and/or increase MT of feed distributed to beneficiary households A further 5.7 million people (out of the agricultural production, productive 6.3 million estimated to be food insecure) assets, and income generating 90,000 HHs benefited from full monthly food rations activities 8% delivered by WFP, ICRC, UNRWA and 59,899 households in 66 sub-districts in 7,458 HHs 45 sector partners. This constitutes 90 per eight governorates benefited from the 3,626 animal distributed (sheep, cow, poultry) cent of the monthly target to assist IDPs, distribution of seeds and agricultural 1,420 MT of animal feeds vulnerable host populations and Palestine inputs provided by 18 sector partners. FUNDING ANALYSIS

This includes cereal and legume seeds, sub sector for eight partners (2) supporting emergency # of herders assisted and animals treated/ Improve the sectors’ quality of NO OF SUB NO OF SUB fertilizer, herbicides, insecticides, response capacity by reviewing proposal development and DISTRICTS DISTRICTS vaccinated as % of planned the response based on evidence, SEPTEMBER MAY 2016 pesticides, vouchers for purchasing fuel, capacity building and strong implementation through Humanitarian Pool Fund to 23 2015 200,000 HHs seeds and olive seeds, and constitutes Whole of Syria coordination within partners across all hubs including 12 Syrian NGOs; and (3) 26 per cent of the annual sector target. dissemination of various sectoral resources and training 18% and across sectors CRITICAL Any sub district with more However, as per the seasonal calendar, opportunities and normative guidance. than 20% prealence of 35,458 HHs LEVEL 5 food insecure population 164 169 it is expected that the substantial part of During the reporting period the sector 1,086,168 animals treated/vaccinated The Lead Agencies WFP and FAO have participated in the (Category1) this activity will start in July-August to developed key guidance for partners to Inter-agency cross-line convoys as well as common multi- meet the winter planting season in Syria. assess food security through common SEVERE Any sub district with a sectoral targeting and rapid assessment of needs. In all of the combined prealence of # of households supported with income indicators. This included a checklist LEVEL 4 more than 20% generation activities as % of planned by modality FAO and nine partners provided and a tool for rapid assessment for locations visited, the sector has provided an analysis of the population that are food 74 72 inputs for backyard food production food security situation based on qualitative methods of data insecure or at risk of food (in kind, cash, or voucher) both sudden onsets and in besieged insecurity (Catrgory1 plus which includes vegetable seeds and locations, a methodology to review collection- which often includes focus group discussions with Category2) 100,000 HHs pesticides to 26,013 households. people in need and severity to community leaders and members of the relief committees. Any sub district with a 17% 17,105 HHs This activity – which is key to boost update the baseline established in The sector has been actively engaged with the planned multi MAOR combined prealence of household production and diversity the the HNO 2016; and rolling out of – sector assessments for Whole of Syria, participating in No LEVEL 3 more than 15% population that are food 13 13 nutritional requirements of targeted a plan including training modules Lost Generation mapping of activities and data disaggregation insecure or at risk of food # of technicians trained as % planned households - reached 32 sub-districts in as well as ensured representation and inputs by other sectors insecurity (Category1 plus for outcome indicators monitoring Category2) # of essential services supported as % planned six governorates to both host and IDP such as WASH, Shelter, NFI and Protection in the planned # of communities served by the service as % planned across all hubs. Also, key progress in households. This is 26 per cent of the scope for Cash Based Response Feasibility Study. # of household benefitting from the service assessment includes the WFP Mobile MODERATE Remaining population in need in the sector 19 16 annual sector target. VAM initiative across Syria, completion LEVEL 2 200,000 HHs In the first half of 2016, the sector focused on three major Asset building and production in of Food Security and Livelihoods cross learning initiatives (1) Lessons Learned on Whole of No progress Assessment in both the north and terms of small livestock was provided Syria coordination that was commissioned by global Food TOTAL SUB 270 270 to 7,458 households by FAO and seven the south of Syria and the ongoing Security Cluster (gFSC) and looked into sector management/ DISTRICTS sector partners in 44 sub-districts in Crop and Food Security Assessment structure, coordination and response quality and information # of households supported with CFW or CFAs as % Mission by WFP/FAO and the planned 8 governorates. This assistance was management. (2) A study on Gender and Accountability to largest overall increase in needs in terms of percentages for planned Agriculture Infrastructure Damage # of households/communities served by the provided mostly to herders with less Affected Population conducted by a senior Gencap advisor both categories of PiN is seen in Quneitra, Dar’a, Damascus, Survey by FAO. 34 rehabilitated infrastructure than 30 goats/sheep. This is 8% of the (gFSC) that provides recommendations to partners and Aleppo and Idleb. Since late 2015 all of these areas have seen 35 # of household involved in the rehabilitation annual sector target. In total 60 partners (HRP as well as the sector secretariat to further its work in this area. (3) large population movements due to escalation in conflict, as through different modalities as % planned Cash Based Response Feasibility Study in five governorates FAO and 1 sector partner provided animal other sector partners) report every well as market price changes and poor availability of food for which the scope of study has been finalized and the 200,000 HH feed and drugs to 35,458 households and month to a common 4Ws system from and its consumption. It is to be noted that these changes are five hubs and 48 partners provide implementation is expected to start in July. aggregated at a governorate level, and pockets of significant 3% 6,620 HH over 1 million animals have been treated or vaccinated. This activity was carried village level (lowest administrative unit) increases can be found across sub-districts in these areas as out in 114 sub-districts in 8 governorates data to the sector. Apart from reporting well as in other governorates, and especially in locations of and has reached 18 per cent of the annual on HRP indicators, this system has also KEY DEVELOPMENTS besiegement and access constraints. sector target. been instrumental for the traffic light approach that the sector has adopted for People in Need (PiN): As reported earlier, the sector on Eight partners provided income village level response and gaps analysis average reaches 5.7 million people every month with food Agriculture Outlook: generating activities through vouchers as well as to coordinate cross-line and assistance (food baskets, cash and voucher) and close to a The main crop production cycle for winter wheat and barley and trainings to 17,105 households. cross-border response. million people until May with livelihood and agriculture This activity was carried out in 19 sub- assistance. However, shock factors such as besiegement and in Syria runs from November until mid of July. The Syrian districts in three governorates and meets The sector has further provided access constraints, displacements, high food and fuel prices, Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform indicated that 17 per cent of the annual sector target. guidance on geographical targeting, depreciation of Syrian Pound, poor food availability and this year about 1.1, million hectares had been planted with household selection criteria as well consumption, weather conditions, lower crop production/ wheat (60:40 irrigation/rain fed and 68 per cent of target) and as response packages for all sector failure and negative coping strategies have increased the over 1.2 million hectares have been planted with barley (5: 95 Improve the delivery of essential activities aligned with the HRP 2016. needs in the sector since the last estimates in HNO 2016 irrigation/rain fed and 82 per cent of target). In comparison services and support the This was developed through a series (September, 2015). with official figures for 2010, the total wheat and barley rehabilitation of productive of consultations in all hubs as well as planted areas represent a reduction of 26 per cent and 18 per infrastructures through a Whole of Syria workshop As per data available until May 2016, there was an overall cent reduction, respectively. The area harvested for wheat and estimated increase of eight per cent of people in need of 6,620 households benefitted from cash in late 2015, and was published for all barley is only 77 per cent and 49 per cent of the planted area, food security, agriculture and livelihoods assistance across for work activities implemented by partners alongside the HRP 2016. the difference being attributable to crop failure (and crop Syria. This accounts for an increase in number of food 3 four sector partners in 13 sub-districts burning in limited cases). The sector conducted capacity building insecure people from 6.3 million to 6.7 million (6 per cent in three governorates. This constitutes through a range of initiatives such increase) and an increase in number of people at risk of Figure 8 shows time series data for the Agricultural Stress 3 per cent of the sector overall target. as (1) training - Nutrition Sensitive food insecurity from 2.4 million to 2.7 million (13 per cent Index (ASI) for the same period (last 10 days of the month) No activities related to strengthening Agriculture Training for 20 partners, increase). The largest overall increase in need in terms from February to April 2016. The ASI incorporates rainfall, the structure and capacity for the Food Security Concepts including of absolute number for both categories of PiN is seen in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and provision of essential services for local visualization/GIS capacity for 23 Aleppo, Damascus, Rural Damascus, Dara and Idleb. The temperatures analysis. The ASI maps show that some areas communities were reported. partners; IASC GBV guidance training with support from UNFPA/GBV 3. Working figures. Final numbers to be ready by August FUNDING ANALYSIS FUNDING ANALYSIS

in the north-west and north of Syria (e.g. Aleppo, Idleb and Poultry numbers have fallen even more (50 per cent). In the ••Overall livelihoods and agriculture related inputs have ••Emphasizing critical response gaps as identified in this Raqqa) have been consistently affected during the growing first half of 2016, the situation has somewhat improved or not met the targets as expected by May due to a variety review and supporting partners to raise required funds and season. The Crop and Food Security Assessment Mission stabilized in some areas marginally affected by the conflict, of factors such as conflict and displacements; partners capacity building. (CFSAM), conducted in Syria in June is expected to publish while continued to worsen in others. As a result of the poor focus on emergency response and under funding. Partners ••Implementing the sector outcome indicators monitoring production estimates by August. rainfall season, the condition of pasture is expected to be have also reported that many projects with funding plan by building on operational partners monitoring worse than in previous years, painting a grim picture of the commitment have taken months to receive the funds Some Since the start of the crisis, livestock numbers have fallen by capacity and good practices. prospects of herders for the upcoming winter. of these activities such as provision of agricultural inputs – 30 per cent (cattle) and 40 per cent (sheep), due to growing particularly cereal seeds – is linked with seasonality and will ••Implementing key recommendations from Lessons Learned insecurity, forcing herders to destock or move with their see a likely scale up from July onwards. and Gender, Age and Accountability to Affected Population livestock to neighboring countries. Shortage of feed, pasture study conducted in the first half of the year. and veterinary supplies (including vaccines and routine veterinary drugs) continue to severely affect livestock owners. ••Conducting more frequent updates of food security needs ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN and further strengthening the assessment/analysis capacity of the sector. AGRICULTURAL STRESS INDEX (ASI) FEBRUARY - APRIL 2016 ••Advocating for sustained access to ensure regular delivery of sector assistance to bridge geographical gaps. ••Concrete and measurable Cross sectoral initiatives with at least 2-3 other sectors. ••Ensuring that the changes in people in need as identified Al-Hasaeh Al-Hasaeh Al-Hasaeh Aleppo Aleppo Aleppo through the mid-year review are reflected in sector’s target ••Developing an early plan for winterization to equip partners

Idleb Ar-Raa Idleb Ar-Raa Idleb Ar-Raa and partners programmes in the remainder of the year. with response capacity to meet the additional food security Lattaia Lattaia Lattaia

Hama Hama Hama deir-e-or deir-e-or deir-e-or needs that winter brings in Syria.

Tartous Tartous Tartous ••Further promoting sector standards to meet selection Homs Homs Homs criteria and harmonized response packages so minimize protection risks.

damascus damascus damascus Rural damascus Rural damascus Rural damascus

uneitra st th uneitra st st uneitra st th 1 - 30 ••Advocacy with partners and donors to meet minimum dara 1 - 9 dara 1 - 31 dara

As-Sweida As-Sweida As-Sweida february March April kilocalorie requirements and provision of supplementary assistance to ensure adequate food consumption, which

Agricutural Stress Inde ASI includes: 10 10-5 5-40 40-55 55-70 70-85 36 ASI data Provided by: 37 fAO Global Information and 85 Off season No season Early arning System GIES REGIONAL fOOd SECURITY ANALYSIS NETOR http:www.fao.orggiewsearthobservation Non-cropland pixels excluded METOP-AVHRR

conducting such assessments, both sudden and cyclical CHALLENGES movement of people and the growing insecurity have posed ••Insecurity and access issues affected sector partners’ challenge to adequately capture the food security needs operations at various levels particularly in rural Damascus amongst the affected communities. Hassakeh, Aleppo, Idleb, Hama, Homs, Dar’a, Queintra ••Furthermore, it is extremely challenging to transfer new and Damascus. Deir-ez-Zor and Raqqa remain largely IDP caseloads from emergency food assistance to regular inaccessible. programming when multi-displacements occur and a final ••Insecurity and access also prevent prepositioning of items destination is not identifiable for security, access and other in warehouses, which affects sector’s preparedness. issues related to the highly volatile situation. ••Although the sector was able to reach 18 besieged locations at least once during the reporting period, access continues to be difficult and impedes regular delivery of items. KEY GAPS •• Limited or no access by land is leading to airlifts (Al-Hasakeh) ••The sector partners’ food baskets on average covers and air drops (Deir-ez-Zor city) to provide desperately needed 1,435 kilocalorie per person per day that do not meet food assistance to the affected people there. the recommended sector standards for Syria which is a minimum of 1,470 to 1,600 kcal per person per day. ••Market places, bakeries, agricultural land, burning of Various challenges such as funds, supply chain, logistics standing crops before harvest and partners’ warehouses and procurement issues have caused this gap in response have been targeted by parties to the conflict which led to quality. massive loss of food items, assets and production; and put civilians as well as humanitarian staff lives at risk and ••In addition to the monthly food rations, the sector strategy caused deaths. in HRP also encourages partners to provide supplementary food assistance to Persons with Specific Needs to meet ••The first five months of the year already witnessed the other dietary requirements. However, this activity has displacement of an estimated 900,000 people. Despite largely remained a gap and is conducted at present only on efforts by partners to conduct rapid assessments, and a small scale. sector’s efforts to provide minimum guidance for HEALTH FUNDING ANALYSIS

reached by the routine immunisation programme because of in terms of number of people injured, requiring immediate Key Indicators 11.5 Million People in Need the ongoing conflict. The first round was conducted both from life-saving medical evacuation and or needing specific Target Gaziantep and Damascus, From Damascus the health sector health supplies (e.g., medicines, machines, infrastructural Progress 13 Million People targeted reached 264,963 children under five years old (48 per cent of the rehabilitation). To date, 40 inter-agency convoys delivered targeted 552,540) with mixedantigens – Pentavalent, Measles, health supplies to hard-to-reach and beseiged areas. These were # of medical procedures 7.3 Million People covered Rubella and Polio. There were instances of close cooperation complemented by agency-specific cross-line missions to hard- (Medical procedures is an aggregate indicator between neighboring governorates, and vaccination teams from to-reach locations. As a result, 58 per cent of people in need were that includes consultations (OPD consultations at lower levels of medical procedures. Al Hassakeh reached, for example, Tal Abyad in Ar Raqqa and reached by life-saving medicines and treatments in hard-to- PHC and hospital), referral cases, mental health PROGRESS TOWARDS consultations, trauma cases, persons with disabilities The health sector also distributed delivered vaccines to Ain Al Arab in Aleppo governorate. Cross- reach and besieged locations during the first quarter of 2016 supported and deliveries by Skilled Birth Attendant) CLUSTER OBJECTIVES 7,722,730 million treatment courses border partners from Gaziantep reached Idleb, rural Aleppo, compared to 30 per cent in previous years. Nevertheless, life- rural Hama, eastern part of Aleppo city, Ar Raqqa and Deir-ez- saving treatments and medical items urgently needed by patients The health sector response strategy in (37 per cent of the annual target of 13,000,000 Zoir. The Gaziantep hub reached an estimated 86 per cent of across the country continue to be removed or rejected from 2016 focused on providing life-saving 21 million) during the reporting 56% 7,316,234 children targeted with Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV), 1,072,322, 80 interagency convoys. A total of 27 out of 40 convoys containing and life-sustaining health services to period. Treatment courses are fully per cent of children targeted with Penta vaccine, 965,253, and health supplies so far this year had items removed or rejected. affected populations inside of Syria. In prescribed treatments for patients that 76 per cent of children targeted for Measles and Rubella vaccine, order to improve the quality of services bring them back to health (defined Inter-agency cross-line convoys are complemented by logistical # of treatment courses distributed (Treatment 850,878. An estimated 158,455 children in Aleppo governorate provided, the sector aimed to strengthen as daily dose/duration of treatment), support, maintenance, management and monitoring of health courses are full courses of prescribed treatments were not able to be reached due to high levels of insecurity. for patients that bring them back to health coordination and health information and are delivered to health facilities, services by various cross-border partners through different Planning and response actions have been put in place to reach (defined daily dose/duration of treatment)) systems, with an emphasis on enhancing implementing agencies and health modalities. This includes “telemedicine,” which provides much out all governorates in Syria with essential vaccines through protection and increasing access to and directorates/central pharmacies to needed technical medical advice and expertise for diagnosis 21,000,000 both cross-line and cross-border health partners and national quality of health services. In addition, ensure sufficient stocks of essential and treatment of the most critical and difficult cases remotely authorities with the next two rounds. These figures are not 37% 7,316,234 the health sector sought to support medicines are available. through the internet by experts living outside of Syria included in the DPT3 coverage indicator because children have community resilience and institutional In addition, the health sector made not received the full three doses required yet. Strengthened supervision and monitoring of cross-line and and response capacity by empowering # of children covered by DPT3 significant progress in expanding cross-border assistance was seen in the first half of 2016 communities and national actors. Progress was also made in the surveillance system with the immunization coverage, with 83,399 amongst the hubs. This took shape in the form of increased In 2016 the sector made substantive percentage of sentinel sites submitting weekly surveillance 152,000 children under five receiving the coordination with local health officials across the country. progress against these objectives, but report increasing to 90 per cent during the reporting period, 55% 83,399 three doses required to be immunized Health Directorates and Local Councils continue to play key the continued targeting of health care meaning that 1,391 out of 1,545 sentinel sites were regularly for Diptheria, Pertussis and Tetanus roles in coordinating the provision of health supplies, and 38 personnel and facilities in Syria posed submitting weekly epidemiological reports that track trends 39 (DPT3).This constitutes a significant improved relationships between the health cluster/working enormous challenges to the provision of and outbreaks in communicable diseases. This is essential to % of sentinel sites submitting weekly improvement in the percentage of groups and local health officials across the country was a key health services across the country. prevent, investigate and respond to disease outbreaks. A major surveillance reports children being immunized, but still falls emphasis of 2016. This also resulted in better coordination gap in the response concerns the availability of Emergency During the reporting period (data far short of the total number of children and communication between health assistance coming from 1286 Obstetric and Newborn Care (EmONC) services in health from January-May 2016), health requiring immunizations. Damascus and the cross-border hubs. 92% 1391 facilities. The sector reached only 26 per cent of the 250 sector partners delivered 7,316,234 Before the current crisis began, the targeted health facilities providing EmONC. It’s likely that medical procedures4 (56 per cent of the immunization programme in Syria this represents significant under-reporting (only one hub is annual target of 13 million). Medical # of health facilities providing EmONC was one of the best in the Eastern reporting in this indicator), but also reflects the shortage of CHALLENGES procedures is an aggregate indicator Mediterranean region. According to EmONC services across Syria. This is a significant gap that 250 that includes outpatient consultations at national reports, coverage rates for remains and plans are underway with Sexual and Reproductive Obstruction of humanitarian access: primary health care units and hospitals, 26% 65 polio, DPT and measles were above Health sub-clusters across all three hubs to strategize with Violence, insecurity, and shifting conflict lines continue to number of referral cases, mental health 90 per cent until the year 2010. Syria partners to scale up EmONC services at health facilities they obstruct timely deliveries of vaccines, medicines and health consultations, trauma cases, persons with was declared polio-free since 1999. support across the country. supplies to affected populations, while parties to the conflict # of health care workers trained disabilities supported and deliveries by Vaccination rates declined sharply since continue to deliberately interfere and impose restrictions a Skilled Birth Attendant). An estimated A further concern relates to the limited number of health 30,000 2012. According to the MOH, routine on access and humanitarian assistance. The health sector is 82 per cent of reported medical care workers trained, with only 8,485 of the 30,000 health vaccination coverage has dropped from continuously involved in advocating for regular evacuation of 28% 8,485 procedures took place in the following personnel targeted receiving training (28 per cent) to date. 95 per cent to 60 per cent. WHO and people and their families in need of immediate and advanced six governorates: Aleppo (21 per cent), This is mainly due to access constraints and difficulties getting UNICEF estimate that vaccination medical care outside of hard-to-reach and besieged locations, Idlib (17 per cent), Rural Damascus (12 staff in and out of Syria for training. # of facilities rehabilitated and/or reinforced coverage may have fallen even lower, to including guaranteeing safety and security for their return per cent), Dar’a (12 per cent), Damascus below 50%. Routine immunization has after the treatment. 300 and Homs (10 per cent each). This even completely stopped in some of the reflects a greater number of medical 7% 20 contested areas. KEY DEVELOPMENTS interventions being carried out in areas Disruption of services: most affected by conflict and where As a result, this reporting period saw One of the key objectives of health sector was to put in place access for health actors was possible, the launch of an accelerated nationwide sustained delivery of medicines, vaccines, medical consumables Health Cluster partners reported 128 reported attacks on hospitals, while other locations with restricted multi-antigen immunization campaign and medical equipment for hard-to-reach and besieged PHCs, warehouses, medical workers and medical vehicles between access (Deir Ezzour and Raqqa) had far targeting children that have not been locations. To drive this process the sector focused on better January and June 2016, of which 29 have been verified and 98 are assessing needs in these locations and linking needs to the in process of verification. As a result, the health sector increased its sector planning process. The sector was able to conduct rapid advocacy efforts for greater respect of the civilian nature of health 4. Given the challenges the sector faces in measuring individual beneficiaries, the indicator for the num- assessments of the health care situation in besieged and HTR facilities and personnel and international humanitarian law, issuing ber of medical procedures is used as an aggregate indicator that serves as a proxy measure for overall progress in health service delivery in Syria. locations to monitor impact of the crisis on the population press statements and news releases on access, attacks, removals, NUTRITION FUNDING ANALYSIS

deliveries to hard-to-reach and besieged locations, and conducted ••Fragmented health information systems across Syria do not higher level advocacy through established working groups and allow for standardized monitoring of the health status of the Key Indicators 3.1 Million People in Need health diplomacy channels. The targeting of health facilities have Syrian population Target partially or totally damaged physical infrastructure and disrupted ••Lack of a defined basic package of health services means Progress 1.9 Million People targeted services. It is estimated that over 50 per cent of public hospitals availability of health services is fragmented and inconsistent and two thirds of obstetric care centres being either damaged or # of Pregnant and lactating women counselled on at different levels of care 1.8 Million People covered completely out of service. This is compounded by the targeting of appropriate IYCF health workers, and has significantly reduced the supply of services • Strengthening the national adaptation strategy for people living acute malnutrition (SAM) or moderate • 266,368 to affected populations. with disabilities taking into account the considerable increase PROGRESS TOWARDS acute malnutrition (MAM). All cases in the number of people in need of physical rehabilitation 94% 251,052 CLUSTER OBJECTIVES received specialised treatment. Access restrictions, however, continue to impede ••Commencement of early recovery and rehabilitation on The nutrition sector response strategy Human resources & capacity building: the continuous and reliable identification short term, mid and long term basis # of children 6-59 months receiving Lipid based for 2016 aims to scale up preventive of cases as treatment programme barely The vast and continuous exodus of health workforce – nutrient supplement (LNS) nutrition services, sustain curative ••Insufficient health infrastructure due to targeting of exists in the majority of hard-to-reach including, to date, almost half of health care providers, services, and expand a multi-sectoral health facilities 915,249 and all besieged areas where the bulk of including surgeons, anaesthesiologists, laboratory professionals, approach to ensure maximum nutrition cases are believed to be high. and female reproductive health professions- has significantly 92% 837,774 service delivery – particularly for affected Syria’s public health profile. Those who remain children below five years of age and The sector advanced well in developing frequently encounter difficulties in accessing their work place. PRIORITY ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN pregnant and lactating women. During the partners’ capacity to deliver quality # of health workers trained on CMAM and IYCF In addition, Syrian local health partners are constrained in the reporting period, the WoS Nutrition nutrition interventions. During the The expansion of routine and outbreak vaccination activities crossing borders for training and capacity building purposes; Sector made significant progress reporting period, over 2,499 health in besieged and hard-to-reach areas must be prioritized: 2,000 both in Jordan and Turkey there are limitations for the crossing towards these objectives. workers and community volunteers, 125% 2,499 of staff from and into Syria. The issue of medical and non- ••As the removal of surgical and other emergency medical including both males and females (125 Particular advances were made in medical staff salaries is an ongoing challenge in southern supplies from health convoys continues, health partners will percent of the target), were trained delivering preventive nutrition services. and northern Syria and recruitment of staff is still difficult, continue to advocate for the importance of these life-saving on appropriate infant and young # of children 6-59 screened for malnutrition Around 837,774 girls and boys under especially with regard to specialized skills. supplies, and will continue to include these items in all child feeding (IYCF) and community five (92 per cent of target), received shipments 730,000 management of acute malnutrition Lipid-based Nutrient Supplements 67% 557,450 (CMAM) practices. Additional ••A coordinated health sector advocacy strategy needs (LNS), for four months administered 40 Coordination, data and information sharing: investments in partners’ capacity are 41 to be further developed on addressing protection of mainly through health facilities, needed, however. The nutrition sector Communication with partners and health facility focal humanitarian space, particularly with regard to health # of under 5 and PLWs receiving micronutrients nutrition centres and a network of target will also need to be adjusted for points inside Syria remains a challenge since internet and facilities and health workers community outreach teams. This the second half of 2016. mobile connections are not always available. Coordination 1,048,433 achievement contributes to bridging ••Although coordination mechanisms are in place, inter- mechanisms such as working groups are now in place gaps resulted by insufficient delivery of The aforementioned achievements have hub coordination and information sharing must be 22% 230,312 but swift coordinated response to events of an emergency micronutrient supplementation” among been recorded mainly in accessible strengthened and streamlined nature are not always achievable as information sharing children under 5, where only 230,312 areas in Syria in addition to some hard among NGOs and between NGOs and UN agencies remains •• Development of a common health information system (HIS) # of children 6-59 months treated for MAM and (22 per cent of target) children under to reach and besieged areas. inadequate in some hubs. SAM to collect routine morbidity and mortality information five and pregnant women received The treatment of acute malnutrition micronutrient supplementation. ••As a traditional health information system is difficult 26,007 is carried out from Damascus and to maintain with population movement and security Additionally, community based through cross-border operations by Funding: 29% 7,430 instability, health actors should consider alternative counselling and awareness raising on implementing partners, including Remains a challenge as the health sector 2016 HRP appeal methods of patient registration, record keeping and breastfeeding and complementary INGOs, National NGOs, SARC, and remains only 10 per cent funded. However, the sector is likely reporting, in addition to coordination with local actors (e.g. feeding reached 251,052 pregnant and the Ministry of Health (MoH) through to be funded at around 20 per cent but many agencies have councils and directorates) lactating women (94 per cent of the trained health workers supported by not updated the Financial Tracking Service (FTS). target) to promote infant and young trained community volunteers. More ••Standardization of an essential package of health services to child feeding practices and prevent of investment in partners’ capacities is ensure quality control and consistency in services offered under nutrition. required to increase identification of and different levels of health care at facilities across Syria malnourished children, particularly at KEY GAPS Regarding the therapeutic and ••A master training plan needs to be developed by the three community level. Despite difficulties supplementary nutrition services, sector ••There is an increasing need for medicines, especially for hubs for what remains of the year clearly identifying key in monitoring cases, sector/cluster partners screened 557,450 girls and boys non-communicable diseases, across the country priority areas as well as gaps in resources partners believe that the target of cases under five (76 percent of the target) for suffering from malnutrition has been •• Gap in the availability of Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal ••Ensuring safe medical evacuations from areas that are early identification of acute malnutrition over estimated in the HNO – based Care (EmONC) at health facilities across the country besieged and/or do where there is not available care in community centres and health facilities on data available last year - and that (76 per cent of target). The identified ••Lack of routine immunization services in large parts of the •• The evolving situation in Aleppo with 300,000 people the actual number of cases is less than cases of malnutrition were referred to country, particularly northern, eastern and southern Syria trapped in the eastern part of Aleppo City requires all previously assessed. therapeutic or supplementary feeding health sector partners to undertake all efforts to provide the ••Shortage of qualified mental health professionals to address programmes for treatment. Around Malnutrition cases are believed to affect, necessary support with life-saving and life-sustaining medical an increasing burden of MH on the Syrian population 7,430 children (29 percent of the target) mostly, besieged and hard-to-reach supplies by all possible cross-line and cross-border means were discovered as suffering from severe areas compared to accessible areas SHELTER – NFI FUNDING ANALYSIS

where the majority of the treated cases are reported. Reaching ••The sector is facing significant funding gaps affecting Shelter and treating cases in these areas, however, remains a key delivery of comprehensive nutrition response to all areas Key Indicators challenge for the sector/cluster, particularly because treating including besieged and hard-to-reach. Target Million People in Need malnourished children requires sustainable and regular access 2.4 ••Information and evidence generation remains a key Progress over several months. On the other hand, improved access to challenge in besieged and hard-to-reach areas making People targeted besieged and some hard-to-reach areas has made the delivery # of people that have received emergency shelter 1.2 Million nutrition programming difficult. of nutrition supplies through interagency convoys possible. assistance An estimated 424,818 children and women benefited from 0.16 Million People covered 1.2 mil these efforts in more than 50 areas in the last six months. KEY GAPS 13% 175,200 NFI IDPs in both shelters and within the community have also been regularly targeted with preventive nutrition services, Delivery of preventive and curative nutrition services, including 5.3 Million People in Need such as, supplementation of micronutrients, Lipid-based treatment for moderate and severe acute malnutrition and # of people that have received emergency NFI nutrients, High Energy Biscuit and promotion and counselling assistance provision of micronutrient supplements, are negatively Million People Targeted services while providing curative nutrition services, including impacted by limited access and funding. These are constraining 5.3 5.3 mil identification and management of acute malnutrition. sector partners’ efforts to deliver comprehensive nutrition Million People covered services, particularly in hard-to-reach and besieged areas where 79% 4,282,800 4.2 the need is the highest and where therapeutic services are more expensive. To date, only 42 per cent of the targeted sub- With regards to shelter assistance, KEY DEVELOPMENTS # of people assisted with durable shelter solutions PROGRESS TOWARDS districts in hard to reach locations are being reached. progress to date has been mixed. Only A SMART nutrition assessment was implemented during the CLUSTER OBJECTIVES 13 per cent of the target has so far been Despite the delivery of nutrition supplies in besieged areas, 147,500 reporting period in accessible areas within 11 out of the 14 reached (162,000 people of 1.2 million establishing sustained nutrition services that will allow for the 4% 5,900 The Shelter and Non-Food Items governorates in Syria (with the exception of Idleb, Deir-ez- persons targeted). Assistance provided continuation of provision of nutrition support in treatment (NFI) sector response strategy for 2016 Zor and Ar Raqqa Governorates besieged and hard-to-reach generally includes rehabilitation of cases and supplementation of nutrient products in the aimed at providing life-saving and areas). The analysis of findings is underway and the final report of private shelters, provision and health facilities and communities remains a key gap. The life-sustaining support to crisis affected is expected to be released in the coming month. Based on the installation of emergency shelter kits, time required to treat malnourished children is two to four populations - particularly IDPs and results of the assessment, the sector will revise its 2016 targets construction materials, and tools for months, but access to these areas is rather unpredictable and host communities- and contribute to private or shared shelters. Shelter for the curative indicators, including SAM and MAM figures. the resilience and cohesion of these 42 the only means of reaching women and children in besieged assistance is provided in 11 of 14 43 Moreover, the nutrition sector is embarking on addressing areas is through inter-agency convoys. communities by improving housing governorates. Increased efforts for multi-sectoral linkages. Joint sector planning with food security and community/public infrastructures. Moreover, there is a need for greater facilitation of inter- shelter programming have been made is underway to streamline food aid with nutrition interventions. Mid-year, the sector is well on track based on shelter-specific assessments in sectoral linkages, particularly in relation to health, food with regard to NFI assistance but has security and agriculture, WASH and protection for joint localized areas. In the wake of significant faced challenges in providing much displacements, a number of rapid multi-sectoral monitoring and evaluation purposes of needed shelter support. CHALLENGES nutrition interventions across the humanitarian response. response assessments were rolled out Since the beginning of the year, 4.2 to ensure the operational response was •• Intensified fighting in Aleppo Governorate displaced tens of million vulnerable people benefited from matched and sufficient to needs. thousands of people, interrupting the delivery of nutrition NFI assistance (79 per cent of the 5.3 services and increasing the vulnerability of host communities. ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN Across the response, Shelter and million yearly target) in 13 of Syria’s 14 NFI Coordinators have agreed on •• Ongoing conflict and population displacement - including Efforts are underway to improve the linkages with other governorates. This includes non-food common procedures to enhance multiple displacements – in addition to shifting front lines sectors such as Food Security and Agriculture. The nutrition item kits, tools, winter assistance such complementarities between the sectors. have led to an increase in the vulnerability of children and food security and agriculture sectors are planning as clothing and fuel for heating, and These include agreeing on a common under 5 years and pregnant women to acute malnutrition training on nutrition sensitive agriculture in early July 2016, other essential items. Approximately approach to emergency planning and micronutrient deficiencies and are rendering nutrition aimed at bringing partners from the two sectors together. 1.4 million of these beneficiaries were and preparedness; stock and pipeline responses ever more challenging. Malnourished children reached in besieged and hard to reach Advocacy around access to besieged and hard-to-reach areas planning; regular analyses of overlaps need continuous follow up for at least two to three months areas (including 200,000 through Inter is paramount and will continue over the coming months. and gaps, assessment planning, etc. Since for appropriate treatment, and this cannot be ensured with Agency convoys). The sector continues Strengthened identification of opportunities to expand and January, new procedures and minimum ongoing displacements. Additionally, the lack of privacy to promote age and gender diversity sustain delivery of nutrition service in besieged and hard-to-reach standards are guiding the response. The interrupts breast feeding and the hygienic and health feeding mainstreaming in all its interventions to areas will be sought after, in coordination with the Whole of Syria. sector continues to invest in building practices for children, further enhancing their vulnerability. accommodate specific needs of various the capacity of local and NGO actors Advocacy with donors to increase funding for nutrition affected population groups. Available Post responding to the crisis to ensure the •• Access was also hampered by insecurity, affecting supply programming will be scaled up to meet the increasing Distribution Monitoring Reports indicate pipelines. Delivery of essential nutrition supplies to some of the sustainability of efforts. demand for services. that the majority of households supported hard to reach areas including East Aleppo, Western countryside are single-headed or include a significant and parts of Rural Damascus were affected by insecurity. percentage of persons with other specific •• Access to some of the besieged areas in Rural Damascus needs such as disabilities. The sector and Damascus remained a challenge as recent inter-agency continues to aim to better address possible convoys were not realized due to the delayed/lack of approval. protection risks through assessment and monitoring of distributions. WASH FUNDING ANALYSIS

quality household level support. There is also insufficient KEY DEVELOPMENTS data on the degree to which Housing, Land and Property Key Indicators 12.1 Million People in Need The context has changed mostly in relation to access and rights issues affect concerned populations, and a limited Target in relation to actors serving southern and northern Syria. understanding on how disputes may be solved at the Progress 14.7 Million People targeted In southern Syria, the year began with an intensification community level. There are presently no programmes of conflict, which led to large-scale displacement. This was addressing HLP needs of affected communities. # (estimated) of people benefiting from support to Million People covered operation and maintenance. 16.4 followed by relative calm and fewer movements of people, ••Security and access constraints have prevented the through the cessation of hostilities. However, the increase in development of rapid response mechanisms and a robust 14,754,693 through 318 systems by the Gaziantep fighting between armed opposition groups in southwestern delivery and monitoring system. 111% 16,438,006* PROGRESS TOWARDS hub, and 470,000 people through 95 Dar’a has resulted in a shrinking of the humanitarian space systems by the Amman hub. with access increasingly a challenge. For northern Syria, the ••Other operational gaps are felt in relation to inter-agency CLUSTER OBJECTIVES convoys which are only accessible by UN agencies despite intensification of conflict and displacements in South/South- # (estimated) of individuals with access to essential The WASH sector response strategy for 2016 West Aleppo Governorate, Idleb Governorate and the frontlines the availability of stocks from international NGOs and WASH NFIs. aimed at restoring and maintaining existing Support to these systems included moving towards the Turkey border in the area of Azaz have other partners. For operations in areas controlled by water, sewage and waste systems and the provision of sodium hypochlorite resulted in multiple large- and medium-scale displacements the Government of Syria, only UN agencies are allowed 4,460,553 reducing excess morbidity and mortality for water disinfection; provision of and repeated needs for shelter and NFIs. to conduct Post Distribution Monitoring, despite the 62% 2,770,0820 through the provision of emergency WASH equipment such as pumps, generators willingness of other sector partners to participate. assistance to vulnerable groups, including CHALLENGES and chlorinators; provision of spare IDPs. During the reporting period, the parts, drilling and rehabilitation of wells; # (estimated) of individuals benefitting from WASH sector made significant progress Key Challenges in delivery of Shelter and NFI support include: access to improved life-saving/ emergency WASH training of personnel on operations and ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN facilities and services. towards these objectives: management, and cost recovery; and, in •Humanitarian space, which continues to be limited due • some cases, direct support to operation to insecurity and fighting, proliferation of checkpoints, In order to address the challenges and gaps in relation to 5,828,288 and maintenance costs, such as fuel. active frontlines, and tactics of besiegement which restrict information and population needs, the sector is working Support to WASH Systems to conduct objective, credible and comprehensive needs 43% 2,562,209 movements and prevent assistance of delivery in areas As per its first objective, the WASH sector HUB # SYSTEMS CATCHMENT assessments in the NFI and shelter areas. Monitoring efforts, experiencing frequent and high intensity of conflict. continued its support to maintaining POPULATION including post-distribution monitoring and reporting is being # (estimated) of individuals reached through public infrastructure as the most effective ••Bureaucratic procedures in some areas and unpredictability improved and advocacy to remove constraints to carry out community mobilization activities establishing means of securing quality services for the Gaziantep 318 2,096,780 of access which often delay humanitarian support. 44 PDM is being strengthened. water safety plans and improving hygiene largest number of people possible. During Damascus 296 13,870,969 45 •Limitation of partnerships due to limited technical • In relation to shelter specifically (in conflict-affected areas), 7,320,691 the reporting period, the sector supported Amman 95 470,257 capacities: there is a general lack of organisations with the sector members are already analyzing ways and means to shift 709 water and sewage systems, benefiting 6% 463,823 5 TOTAL 709 16,438,006 technical skills and capacity to undertake more sustainable away from an emergency response mode and focus more on an estimated 16.4 million people living shelter works, which limits the scaling-up of shelter sustainable household-appropriate solutions. Shelter sector in catchment areas supplied by these programming. members are also engaging with the protection sector and # (estimated) of individuals benefitting from systems. Overall, 13.8 million people were The map below illustrates the location, and reached through 296 systems supported ••Local market prices and limited goods in the local market relevant and qualified partners to identify and establish efforts vector control activities size of the catchment population of the on Housing, Land, and Property issues. by the Damascus hub; 2 million people systems being supported. are also a key limitation. 3416440 The sector is continuing to work with the newly-agreed/ ••Trans-shipments through border crossing points has 83% 2,827,327 WASH SYSTEM SUPPORT JAN-JUN 2016 become unpredictable and overstretched the capacity of developed tools for stockpile monitoring, emergency

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! preparedness, and overlaps and gaps analysis/planning ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! functional crossing points. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! TUREY ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! in order to have a more coordinated response focused on ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! # (estimated) of local partners and authorities ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! As with each year, the winter season presents particular ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! receiving WASH technical training and capacity ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! addressing the under-served areas of Syria. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! challenges which require advance planning, stockpiling, ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! building ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! The sector will also continue to advocate for increased access ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Al-Hasaeh ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! and delivery – all of which take place in an unpredictable ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Aleppo ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 2091 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! and identify innovative means for delivery of assistance in ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! (weather/funding) and fluid (conflict) context. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Idleb ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! those areas where the needs are most evident and where ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Lattaia! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! Ar-Raa ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 18 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1% ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! assistance can be provided in a safe and efficient manner. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Hama! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Deir-e-or! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! With regard to winter assistance and planning, at the time ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! KEY GAPS ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Tartous ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! of writing, the sector has been working with members well ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! •The key gap of the sector pertains to shelter provision. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! • ! ! ! Homs ! ! ! in advance of the season in order to ensure members are ! ! ! !

! !

!

! ! ! ! Sector members would like to move toward a more ! ! prepared, relevant gaps identified, and advocacy for funding is !

! !

! ! !

! ! ! ! !

sustainable shelter response programming that is more ! !

! LEbANON ! ! stepped up to respond to needs. ! ! !

! ! ! ! ! ! !

! ! ! ! ! ! LEGEND ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Water System Catchment Population fit-for-purpose to the specific needs of the population. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 0 - 24,000 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! UNDOF ! Rural Damascus ! Damascus! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 24,001 - 99,000 ! ! ! Many IDPs live with host communities, others return to ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Non-Populated Areas ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 99,001 - 350,000 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! North Hub ! ! IRA ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! their homes, and others are frequently displaced and simply ! ! ! ! ! ! Damascus Hub ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 350,001 - 1,025,000 ! ! uneitra! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! South Hub ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! JORdAN ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! looking for a safe place to stay. In conflict-affected areas, ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Dara ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1,025,001 - 2,220,000 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! As-Seida ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 0 30 60 120 KM the lack of specialized shelter organisations, combined with ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ± ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

! ! a historical programmeme focus on emergency shelter, ! has resulted in a default response favouring support to larger collective shelters rather than safer and higher 5. Due to continuous population movements, estimations of catchment population vary. The sector is working with plant managers to update figures. LOGISTICS FUNDING ANALYSIS

Direct assistance to vulnerable people Water quality is also an issue for water sold on the market by private vendors, especially in areas where the centralized Key Indicators PROGRESS TOWARDS KEY GAPS In terms of direct assistance, the sector reached cumulatively water quality surveillance system has collapsed. The sector Target CLUSTER OBJECTIVES The Logistics Cluster has identified the an estimated 8,204,895 people with the following supplies and is working in supporting local councils and private sector to Progress following logistics gaps: services: the provision of essential hygiene items (1.9 million minimize the risks to public health. The Syria Logistics Cluster (LC) is in line people); water trucking (1.6 million people); household level to achieve its main 2016 targets in support ••Restrictions on movement of water purification (1.3 million people); and emergency water Finally, longer term planning when providing essential # of organisations assisted of the humanitarian community. 240 out of humanitarian cargo and need to and sanitation infrastructure (600,000 people). A further services to the newly displaced must be considered, as 284 Service Requests were fulfilled, leading increase Inter-Agency Humanitarian 2.8 million people were reached by vector control measures receiving only minimal assistance for the long-term may lead 20 to an 86 per cent fulfilment rate for the first Convoys to reach the most difficult such as insecticide spraying and distribution of mosquito to negative health and psychological impacts while increased 90% 18 six months of the year, despite a complex to access locations in Syria as well as nets. The sector also started the introduction of water safety assistance levels may represent a pull factor. These concerns and challenging environment and access common transport services. plans at community and water vendor level, including intense need to be carefully weighed, as well as cost considerations, constraints. Between January and June •Need for the coordination of cross- community mobilization, covering 500,000 people, and for many of the informal settlements that are into their second # of Logistics services requests fulfilled 2016, 18 humanitarian organisations were • border transshipment services (from implemented WASH in schools programmes benefitting year of establishment. supported through LC’s services. 95% Jordan and Turkey to Syria). 140,000 students. Overall, 5.5 million direct beneficiaries were 90% 86% The LC provides a total storage capacity reached by the Gaziantep hub (including the 2.8 on vector of over 14,000 m² in five storage hubs ••Lack of a reliable fuel supply chain. control); 2.3 million by Damascus; and 400,000 from Amman. KEY GAPS around the country. So far in 2016, multiple ••Need for coordination and circulation The table below illustrates the number of beneficiaries by # of Convoys per month (average monthly) partners have used these warehouses to For the infrastructure sector in general, power supply is of logistics information. activity and by hub. store a total of around 6,000 m³ of relief certainly the main constraint to continued service delivery. 4 items. Inside Syria, as part of inter-agency ••Increasing need for dedicated logistics Supplementary power via generators is extremely expensive. 275% 11 humanitarian convoys, the LC organized trainings. Inter-agency Convoys Further, both the cost, as well as donor and government the transport of approximately 32,000 m³ During the reporting period, the WASH sector reached nine restrictions, do not allow the sector to engage in the support of relief items through 68 convoys to the besieged locations, covering 230,578 people, (225,213 from needed to provide to operation and maintenance to scale. most hard to reach and besieged locations Damascus and 5,365 from cross-border) and 44 hard-to-reach ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN The gaps of services from centralized water supply systems in the governorates of Aleppo, Homs, locations, covering 941,562 people approximately (381,129 are filled by the unregulated private sector that, for majority and Rural Damascus. The transport of an The number of Inter-Agency from cross-border and 560,433 from Damascus). of Syrians, has become either their main or secondary source additional 350 m³ of relief supplies has been Humanitarian Convoys has significantly augmented since the Geneva and 46 of drinking water. While efficient and flexible, such supply is facilitated through common transport (on 47 expensive for the poorest part of the population, and in the a cost-recovery basis) to accessible areas Munich meetings of early 2016 and the CHALLENGES absence of recognition and regulation, it is difficult to include it in across Syria. The LC, via WFP, continues LC will continue to capitalize on the an efficient surveillance system to minimize risks to public health. to maintain a strategic reserve of diesel in increased access, adjusting the number WASH partners have identified the below key challenges its fuel depot in Damascus, and can provide of convoys organized accordingly. This is exacerbated by the lack of adequate overall funding, as well impeding the effective scaling up of the response in the first fuel to partners on a cost-recovery basis in half of the year: as the threats to the safety and security of operational partners. Plans are in place for the organisation case of supply shortages. of emergency airlifts to reach the

••Access and security continues to be a challenge to Under Security Council Resolutions most isolated locations in the country, operations from all hubs, especially those seeking to should there be an urgent need to move ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN 2165/2191/2258, the LC continues to respond in ISIL-held and besieged communities support cross-border activities through humanitarian relief items by air, due to disruption of normal supply lines ••Funding gaps have severely affected the sector’s ability to Support to infrastructure will remain the main objective the crossing points of Ar-Ramtha (Jordan) scale up its response of the sector, possibly with increased focus on chlorination and Bab al Hawa and Bab al Salama or where there are no other means of devices. Rehabilitation might be associated with operations (Turkey). Coordination meetings are held access. Additional logistics trainings will ••Water and sanitation infrastructure is facing significant and maintenance activities where local capacity is deficient, in Damascus, Amman and Gaziantep be organised across the Whole of Syria. wear and tear due to lack of operation and maintenance with the objective of building local capacity. Pilot projects and information products are regularly ••Heavy bureaucratic procedures have had an overall negative for the establishment of tariff and cost recovery systems will disseminated. In order to strengthen impact on programming be continued and evaluated. Other pilot projects underway the capacity of national staff, a shipping on the establishment of water safety plans at community and workshop has been organized in Damascus •• Capacity building of local actors remains a challenge. Despite water vendor level will also be continued and evaluated. in April 2016. A total of 30 national staff efforts, it has still not been possible to run any face-to-face from 11 partner organisations attended the Emergency services to IDPs and the highly vulnerable training for local staff based in southern Syria given the workshop. security situation population in the form of access to safe water, hygiene items, sanitation and solid waste management will also continue to Lack of electricity is, overall, the main challenge for water be a priority of the sector. infrastructure, as confirmed by a recent cross border water systems survey. Standby Power Generation, the only backup solution in some locations, could only result in an increase of water availability by 22.86 per cent to 34.73 per cent. The survey also highlighted that while the infrastructure efficiency is generally on the low side, the chlorination infrastructure efficiency alone is even lower. It seems that due to the crisis and weakened monitoring, the focus is more on pumping water with lesser emphasis on the quality aspect. This document is produced by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs in collaboration with humanitarian partners. The designations employed and the presentation of material on this report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or its boundaries. This version was issued on 13 October.

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