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EASTERN GHOUTA, SYRIA Amnesty International Is a Global Movement of More Than 7 Million People Who Campaign for a World Where Human Rights Are Enjoyed by All
‘LEFT TO DIE UNDER SIEGE’ WAR CRIMES AND HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES IN EASTERN GHOUTA, SYRIA Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 7 million people who campaign for a world where human rights are enjoyed by all. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. First published in 2015 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW United Kingdom © Amnesty International 2015 Index: MDE 24/2079/2015 Original language: English Printed by Amnesty International, International Secretariat, United Kingdom All rights reserved. This publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without fee for advocacy, campaigning and teaching purposes, but not for resale. The copyright holders request that all such use be registered with them for impact assessment purposes. For copying in any other circumstances, or for reuse in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, prior written permission must be obtained from the publishers, and a fee may be payable. To request permission, or for any other inquiries, please contact [email protected] Cover photo: Residents search through rubble for survivors in Douma, Eastern Ghouta, near Damascus. Activists said the damage was the result of an air strike by forces loyal to President Bashar -
SYRIA, FOURTH QUARTER 2019: Update on Incidents According to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) Compiled by ACCORD, 23 June 2020
SYRIA, FOURTH QUARTER 2019: Update on incidents according to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) compiled by ACCORD, 23 June 2020 Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality Number of reported fatalities National borders: GADM, November 2015a; administrative divisions: GADM, November 2015b; in- cident data: ACLED, 20 June 2020; coastlines and inland waters: Smith and Wessel, 1 May 2015 SYRIA, FOURTH QUARTER 2019: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 23 JUNE 2020 Contents Conflict incidents by category Number of Number of reported fatalities 1 Number of Number of Category incidents with at incidents fatalities Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality 1 least one fatality Explosions / Remote Conflict incidents by category 2 3058 397 1256 violence Development of conflict incidents from December 2017 to December 2019 2 Battles 1023 414 2211 Strategic developments 528 6 10 Methodology 3 Violence against civilians 327 210 305 Conflict incidents per province 4 Protests 169 1 9 Riots 8 1 1 Localization of conflict incidents 4 Total 5113 1029 3792 Disclaimer 8 This table is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 20 June 2020). Development of conflict incidents from December 2017 to December 2019 This graph is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 20 June 2020). 2 SYRIA, FOURTH QUARTER 2019: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 23 JUNE 2020 Methodology GADM. Incidents that could not be located are ignored. The numbers included in this overview might therefore differ from the original ACLED data. -
Timeline of Key Events: March 2011: Anti-Government Protests Broke
Timeline of key events: March 2011: Anti-government protests broke out in Deraa governorate calling for political reforms, end of emergency laws and more freedoms. After government crackdown on protestors, demonstrations were nationwide demanding the ouster of Bashar Al-Assad and his government. July 2011: Dr. Nabil Elaraby, Secretary General of the League of Arab States (LAS), paid his first visit to Syria, after his assumption of duties, and demanded the regime to end violence, and release detainees. August 2011: LAS Ministerial Council requested its Secretary General to present President Assad with a 13-point Arab initiative (attached) to resolve the crisis. It included cessation of violence, release of political detainees, genuine political reforms, pluralistic presidential elections, national political dialogue with all opposition factions, and the formation of a transitional national unity government, which all needed to be implemented within a fixed time frame and a team to monitor the above. - The Free Syrian Army (FSA) was formed of army defectors, led by Col. Riad al-Asaad, and backed by Arab and western powers militarily. September 2011: In light of the 13-Point Arab Initiative, LAS Secretary General's and an Arab Ministerial group visited Damascus to meet President Assad, they were assured that a series of conciliatory measures were to be taken by the Syrian government that focused on national dialogue. October 2011: An Arab Ministerial Committee on Syria was set up, including Algeria, Egypt, Oman, Sudan and LAS Secretary General, mandated to liaise with Syrian government to halt violence and commence dialogue under the auspices of the Arab League with the Syrian opposition on the implementation of political reforms that would meet the aspirations of the people. -
International Activity Report 2017
INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITY REPORT 2017 www.msf.org THE MÉDECINS SANS FRONTIÈRES CHARTER Médecins Sans Frontières is a private international association. The association is made up mainly of doctors and health sector workers, and is also open to all other professions which might help in achieving its aims. All of its members agree to honour the following principles: Médecins Sans Frontières provides assistance to populations in distress, to victims of natural or man-made disasters and to victims of armed conflict. They do so irrespective of race, religion, creed or political convictions. Médecins Sans Frontières observes neutrality and impartiality in the name of universal medical ethics and the right to humanitarian assistance, and claims full and unhindered freedom in the exercise of its functions. Members undertake to respect their professional code of ethics and to maintain complete independence from all political, economic or religious powers. As volunteers, members understand the risks and dangers of the missions they carry out and make no claim for themselves or their assigns for any form of compensation other than that which the association might be able to afford them. The country texts in this report provide descriptive overviews of MSF’s operational activities throughout the world between January and December 2017. Staffing figures represent the total full-time equivalent employees per country across the 12 months, for the purposes of comparisons. Country summaries are representational and, owing to space considerations, may not be comprehensive. For more information on our activities in other languages, please visit one of the websites listed on p. 100. The place names and boundaries used in this report do not reflect any position by MSF on their legal status. -
S Y R I a a R a B R E P U B L
PEOPLE IN NEED SO1 SO1RESPONSE RESPONSE DECEMBER CYCLE Food & Livelihood 8 5.78million Assistance 8.7 7 6.3m 6.3m 6.3m 6.3m 6.3m 6.3m Million ORIGIN Food Basket Humanitarian Needs Overview (HNO) - 2016 6 m m 5.96m 5.8m 6.16m 5.89m 4.43 1.35 September 2015 8.7 Million 5.74m 5.46m From within Syria From neighbouring Reached Beneficiaries 5 countries June 2016 9.4 Million WHOLE OF SYRIA September 2016 9.0 Million 4 102,724 Cash and Voucher 3 LIFE SUSTAINING AND LIFE SAVING OVERALL TARGET DECEMBER CYCLE RESPONSE So1 target FOOD ASSISTANCE (SO1) TARGET SO1 BENEFICIARIES Food Basket, Cash & Voucher 2 Food Basket, Cash & Voucher - 6.3 5.78 1 Additionally, Bread - Flour and Ready to Eat Rations were also Provided life sustaining MODALITIES AND Million 7.5 Million Million Emergency 0 1.2 JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC BENEFICIARIES REACHED BY Response (92%) of SO1 Target 878,849 Million Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) - 2016 Bread-Flour 280,385 598,464 From within Syria From neighbouring 36°0'0"E 38°0'0"E 40°0'0"E 42°0'0"E countries 6 c Cizre- 1 36°0'0"E 38°0'0"E 40°0'0"E g!42°0'0"E i 0 6 Kiziltepe-Ad c Nusaybin-Al Cizre- 2 1 l T U R K E Y Darbasiyah Qamishli Peshkabour T U R K E Y g! i 0 r g! g! g! Ceylanpinar-Ras Nusaybin-Al 2 e Kiziltepe-Ad l Ayn al Arab Peshkabour b T U R K E Y Qamishli 93,306 T U R K E Y Al Yaroubiya Islahiye Al Ayn Darbasiyah b Karkamis-Jarabulus r g! Ayn al g! g! - Rabiaa g! Emergency Response with 39,000 ! Akcakale-Tall g! Ceylanpinar-Ras 54,306 e g g! Arab b Bab As g! Al Yaroubiya Ready to Eat Ration u m Abiad From neighbouring -
Interventions by Sub-District (July 2019) Protection 1
Syria Protection Cluster (Turkey): Response Snapshot (as of 31 July 2019) Progress against Progress by Indicator 2019 HRP targets Interventions by Sub-District (July 2019) Turkey Hub 1.1.2 # of people reached through 3.1.1 # of communities/neighborhoods community-based protection services, that have at least one type of 98 including individual targeted assistance 261,986 specialized GBV services for persons with specific protection needs 1.2.1 # of people receiving legal 3.2.1 # women, men, girls and boys counselling or assistance, including 32,524 reached by GBV prevention and 235,785 civil documentation and HLP issues Legend Protection empowerment activities Gender Based Violence Not covered 500 501-1000 5.1.1 # of girls and boys engaging in 4.1.1 # of people who received risk 1001-5000 structured, sustained child 144,700 education from humanitarian 433,823 >5000 protection programmes, including Risk-Education actors psychosocial support 219,199 Interventions # of girls and boys who are # of people trained to conduct 8 Governorates 5.2.1 receiving specialized child 4.1.2 1,502 3,943 risk education 58 Organizations Child Protection protection services through case Mine Action management 57 Implementing partners Response In July 2019, 17 Protection Cluster members provided emergency response services for civilians recently displaced from Northern Hama and Southern Idleb due to the ongoing Interventions by Sub-Cluster (July 2019) hostilities. Cluster members provided 28,680 protection services to IDPs and affected host community members in 82 communities within 23 sub-districts in Idleb and Aleppo reaching 15,862 individuals (6005 girls, 6,115 boys, 2,687 women, and 1,055 men). -
Syria Crisis—East Ghouta
OCHA Flash Update Syria Crisis – East Ghouta No. 2 17 March 2018 Highlights ● Insecurity and fierce hostilities continue to endanger people in east Ghouta raising serious concerns for the protection of civilians in the area. Between 15 and 16 March, aerial bombardment on Kafr Batna, Saqba, Zamalka, Arbin and Hezzeh reportedly resulted in scores of civilian deaths and injuries. ● Since 11 March, at least 20,000 people reportedly left east Ghouta. The majority of those leaving are from the Hamouriyeh area. Those who left include at least 51 medical evacuations being treated in hospitals. ● Most of the people interviewed at the Dweir shelter had some health conditions (intestinal infections, hepatitis, skin disease, trauma) likely due to years of lack of access to medicine and health care. ● UN teams have been visiting the three collective shelters (Dweir, Adra and Herjelleh) in Rural Damascus where people who have left East Ghouta are staying. ● The UN has delivered emergency items such as food and nutrition items, NFIs, shelter, medical supplies and is supporting health and nutrition, WASH, education, protection and children protection services. ● SARC responded to the unexpected large number of arrivals and the UN is supporting with additional supplies as requested by SARC. Many supplies have already been delivered and distributed at the shelters, although more is needed given the scale of displacement. ● On 15 March, a UN/SARC/ICRC convoy delivered food assistance for 26,100 people in need in Duma. However, far more humanitarian assistance is needed in terms of other sectoral assistance and to other areas of the enclave. -
Zbek Tilining Tarixiy Grammatikasi
0 ‘ZBEK TILINING TARIXIY GRAMMATIKASI f o n e t i k a , morfologiya v a S IN T A K S IS iTißnkiston RespubJikasi Oliy va o \ría maxsus ta lim vaziríigi tasdiqlagan Universitetlarva pedagogika institutlarining filologiya fakultetlari bakalavriat ta’lim yo‘nalishi talabalari uchun darslik 0 ‘ZBEKIST0N FAYLASUFLARI MILLIY JAMIYATI NASHRIYOTI TOSHKENT 2008 www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi 81.20‘zb A15 Abdurahmonov G‘. 0 ‘zbek tilining tarixiy grammatikasi: Universitetlar va pedagogika institutlarining filologiya fakultetlari bakalavriat ta’lim yo'nalishi talabalari uchun darslik /G ‘. Abdurahmonov, Sh. Shukurov, Q. M ahm udov.T .: 0 ‘zbekiston faylasuflari milliy jamiyati nashriyoti, 2008. - 528 b. I. Shukurov Sh. II. Mahmudov Q. BBK81.2 Uzb—923 Darslikning «Kirish», «Sintaksis», «Jadvallar*, «Testlar», «Tekshirish uchun savollar», «Tayanch tushunchalar», «Mustaqil ish mavzulari», «Tahlil uchun matnlar*, «Lug‘atlar» qismini akademik G‘.A. Abdurahmonov, «Fonetika* boMimini professor Q.Mahmudov, «Morfologiya* qismini professor Sh.Shukurov yozgan. Mas’ul muharrirlar: 0 ‘z FA akademigi A. Rustamov, 0 ‘z FA akademigi G‘. Abdurahmonov ISBN 978-9943-319-55-4 © «0‘zbekiston faylasuflari milliy jamiyati nashriyoti*, 2008 www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi MUALLIFLARDAN Ushbu darslik turkiy (o‘zbek) tili yozma yodgorliklar tilining tahlili asosida yozildi. Ma’lumki, o‘zbek tiliga oid yozma yodgorliklar lingvistik tomondan kam o‘rganilgan, ularning ko‘pchiligi bo‘yicha ilmiy-tanqidiy matnlar yaratilmagan, ayrim- larining esa, hatto, ommaviy nashri ham yuzaga kelgan emas. Bu hol o‘zbektili tarixi bo‘yicha darslik va qoMlanmalaryaratish ishida ma’lum qiyinchiüklartug‘diradi. Bundan tashqari, XIII—XIV asrlar davomida 0 ‘rta Osiyoda, ayniqsa, Xorazm va Oltin 0 ‘rda xonligi hududida yaratilgan manbalarning alohida adabiy tilni tashkil etishi masalasi hozirgacha munozarali bolib kelmoqda. -
September 2016
www.rbs0.com/syria37.pdf 1 Oct 2016 Page 1 of 234 Syria & Iraq: September 2016 Copyright 2016 by Ronald B. Standler No copyright claimed for quotations. No copyright claimed for works of the U.S. Government. Table of Contents 1. Chemical Weapons U.N. Security Council begins to ask who used chemical weapons in Syria? ISIL used mustard in Iraq (11 Aug 2015) 2. Syria United Nations Diverted from Syria death toll in Syria now over 301,000 (30 Sep) Free Syrian Army is Leaderless since June 2015 Turkey is an ally from Hell U.S. troops in Syria Recognition that Assad is Winning the Civil War Peace Negotiations for Syria Future of Assad must be decided by Syrians Planning for Peace Negotiations in Geneva New Russia/USA Agreements (9 Sep) U.N. Security Council meeting (21 Sep) Syrian speech to U.N. General Assembly (24 Sep) more meetings and negotiations 22-30 Sep 2016 Friends of Syria meeting in London (7 Sep) ISSG meetings (20, 22 Sep 2016) occasional reports of violations of the Cessation of Hostilities agreement proposed 48-hour ceasefires in Aleppo siege of Aleppo (1-12 Sep} Violations of new agreements in Syria (12-19 Sep) continuing civil war in Syria (20-30 Sep) bombing hospitals in Syria surrender of Moadamiyeh U.N. Reports war crimes prosecution? 3. Iraq Atrocities in Iraq No Criminal Prosecution of Iraqi Army Officers No Prosecution for Fall of Mosul No Prosecution for Rout at Ramadi No Criminal Prosecution for Employing "Ghost Soldiers" www.rbs0.com/syria37.pdf 1 Oct 2016 Page 2 of 234 Iraq is a failed nation U.S. -
Syrian Crisis United Nations Response
Syrian Crisis United Nations Response A Weekly Update from the UN Department of Public Information No. 219/1 November 2017 Children around the world suffering enormously, Secretary-General tells the Security Council Secretary-General António Guterres presented his latest report on children and armed conflict to the Security Council on 31 October, noting that last year saw an alarming level of violations. “Children around the world are suffering enormously and unacceptably by conflict. This is a source of global shame”, he told the Council. The report, which covers the period from January to December 2016, found that in Syria the number of children recruited and used by armed groups more than doubled compared with 2015. The United Nations verified the killing of 652 children and the maiming of 647 during 2016. “The continued level of violations against children in the Syrian Arab Republic remains highly alarming and I urge all parties to engage in the inclusive and Syrian led peace process under United Nations auspices aimed at ending conflict”, the Secretary-General said. http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/72/361&referer=/english/&Lang =E http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=58001 13 million people in Syria in need of humanitarian aid, warns UN Relief Chief Briefing the Security Council on the humanitarian situation in Syria on 30 October, Emergency Relief Coordinator Mark Lowcock said that more than 13 million people remain in need of humanitarian assistance. He also voiced concerns about the impact of fighting and airstrikes on civilians in Raqqa Governorate. -
0 'Zbek Tilining Tarixiy Grammatikasi
0 ‘ZBEK TILINING TARIXIY GRAMMATIKASI f o n e t i k a , morfologiya v a S IN T A K S IS iTißnkiston RespubJikasi Oliy va o \ría maxsus ta lim vaziríigi tasdiqlagan Universitetlarva pedagogika institutlarining filologiya fakultetlari bakalavriat ta’lim yo‘nalishi talabalari uchun darslik 0 ‘ZBEKIST0N FAYLASUFLARI MILLIY JAMIYATI NASHRIYOTI TOSHKENT 2008 81.20‘zb A15 Abdurahmonov G‘. 0 ‘zbek tilining tarixiy grammatikasi: Universitetlar va pedagogika institutlarining filologiya fakultetlari bakalavriat ta’lim yo'nalishi talabalari uchun darslik /G ‘. Abdurahmonov, Sh. Shukurov, Q. M ahm udov.T .: 0 ‘zbekiston faylasuflari milliy jamiyati nashriyoti, 2008. - 528 b. I. Shukurov Sh. II. Mahmudov Q. BBK81.2 Uzb—923 Darslikning «Kirish», «Sintaksis», «Jadvallar*, «Testlar», «Tekshirish uchun savollar», «Tayanch tushunchalar», «Mustaqil ish mavzulari», «Tahlil uchun matnlar*, «Lug‘atlar» qismini akademik G‘.A. Abdurahmonov, «Fonetika* boMimini professor Q.Mahmudov, «Morfologiya* qismini professor Sh.Shukurov yozgan. Mas’ul muharrirlar: 0 ‘z FA akademigi A. Rustamov, 0 ‘z FA akademigi G‘. Abdurahmonov ISBN 978-9943-319-55-4 © «0‘zbekiston faylasuflari milliy jamiyati nashriyoti*, 2008 MUALLIFLARDAN Ushbu darslik turkiy (o‘zbek) tili yozma yodgorliklar tilining tahlili asosida yozildi. Ma’lumki, o‘zbek tiliga oid yozma yodgorliklar lingvistik tomondan kam o‘rganilgan, ularning ko‘pchiligi bo‘yicha ilmiy-tanqidiy matnlar yaratilmagan, ayrim- larining esa, hatto, ommaviy nashri ham yuzaga kelgan emas. Bu hol o‘zbektili tarixi bo‘yicha darslik va qoMlanmalaryaratish ishida ma’lum qiyinchiüklartug‘diradi. Bundan tashqari, XIII—XIV asrlar davomida 0 ‘rta Osiyoda, ayniqsa, Xorazm va Oltin 0 ‘rda xonligi hududida yaratilgan manbalarning alohida adabiy tilni tashkil etishi masalasi hozirgacha munozarali bolib kelmoqda. Bu hududda yaratilgan adabiyotlarda mahalliy sheva (urug‘) tili xususiyati boMsa ham, ular yagona o‘zbek adabiy tilini tashkil etadilar. -
National Museum of Aleppo As a Model)
Strategies for reconstructing and restructuring of museums in post-war places (National Museum of Aleppo as a Model) A dissertation submitted at the Faculty of Philosophy and History at the University of Bern for the doctoral degree by: Mohamad Fakhro (Idlib – Syria) 20/02/2020 Prof. Dr. Mirko Novák, Institut für Archäologische Wissenschaften der Universität Bern and Dr. Lutz Martin, Stellvertretender Direktor, Vorderasiatisches Museum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin Fakhro. Mohamad Hutmatten Str.12 D-79639 Grenzach-Wyhlen Bern, 25.11.2019 Original document saved on the web server of the University Library of Bern This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-No derivative works 2.5 Switzerland licence. To see the licence go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ch/ or write to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California 94105, USA Copyright Notice This document is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-No derivative works 2.5 Switzerland. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ch/ You are free: to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work Under the following conditions: Attribution. You must give the original author credit. Non-Commercial. You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No derivative works. You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work.. For any reuse or distribution, you must take clear to others the license terms of this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author’s moral rights according to Swiss law.