Syrian Crisis United Nations Response
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WFP SYRIA External SITREP 16-30 November 2014
WFP SYRIA CRISIS RESPONSE Situation Update 12-25 NOVEMBER 2014 SYRIA LEBANON JORDAN TURKEY IRAQ EGYPT “All it takes is US$1 from 64 million people.” WFP launches 72-hour social media campaign to raise urgently needed funds DOLLAR wfp.org/forsyrianrefugees for Syrian for Refugees HIGHLIGHTS - Funding shortfalls force WFP to cut assistance to Syrian refugees in December - Inter-agency convoy delivers food for 5,000 people in Syria’s west Harasta for the first time in almost two years - WFP delivers food supplies across lines of conflict to 35,000 civilians in rural Aleppo, northern Syria - Inter-agency targeting tool finalized in Lebanon - Pilot areas for non-camp voucher assistance identified in Turkey - Voucher distributions to begin in Iraq's Darashakran and Arbat camps in December Eight year-old Bija and six year-old Ali from Damascus,Syria, Al Za’atri camp, Jordan. WFP/Joelle Eid For information on WFP’s Syria Crisis Response, please use the QR Code or access through the link: wfp.org/syriainfo FUNDING AND SHORTFALLS Funding shortages force WFP to halt food assistance in December Despite significant advocacy efforts and the generous support from our donors, insufficient funding is finally forcing WFP to cut its assistance to millions of Syrian refugees throughout the region in December, when winter hits the region. As a result, we are suspending our response in Lebanon - only new arrivals will receive food parcels; cutting our programme in Jordan by 85 percent by only assisting camp refugees and suspending our support to urban refugees; and cutting our programmes in Turkey and Egypt by providing vouchers of a much lower value than their regular entitlements. -
Export Agreement Coding (PDF)
Peace Agreement Access Tool PA-X www.peaceagreements.org Country/entity Syria Region Middle East and North Africa Agreement name Damascus Truce I between Bayt Sahem and Babila Date 17/02/2014 Agreement status Multiparty signed/agreed Interim arrangement No Agreement/conflict level Intrastate/local conflict ( Syrian Conflicts (1948 - ) (1976 - 2005) (2011 - ) ) Stage Ceasefire/related (Ceasefire) Conflict nature Government Peace process 133: Intra-Syrian Process (state/non-state) Parties Leaders of Bayt Sahem and Babila (Syrian Opposition); Syrian Government; Third parties Description Short ceasefire negotiated between the Syrian Government and the leaders of Bayt Sahem and Babila in the Damascus Countryside. Provides guarantees of Syrian Army to not enter the towns, re-supply water and electricity, open roads, and allow fighters that wish to surrender to do so, in addition to surrendering heavy weaponry. Agreement document SY_140115_Truce Agreement in Bayt Sahem and Babila_EN.pdf [] Agreement document SY_140115_Truce Agreement in Bayt Sahem and Babila_AR.pdf [] (original language) Local agreement properties Process type Informal but persistent process Explain rationale -> no support mechanism, link to the national peace process, culture of signing No formal mechanism supported the signing of the agreement, which was negotiated by public figures. It is part of a choreography of local agreements signed at that time in the countryside of Aleppo. Indeed, in addition to Babbila and Beit Sahem, similar deals have been struck for Qudsaya, Moadamiyet al-Sham, Barzeh, Yalda and Yarmuk Palestinian refugee camp Is there a documented link Yes to a national peace process? Link to national process: The agreement seems to be linked to the national peace process. -
EASTERN GHOUTA, SYRIA Amnesty International Is a Global Movement of More Than 7 Million People Who Campaign for a World Where Human Rights Are Enjoyed by All
‘LEFT TO DIE UNDER SIEGE’ WAR CRIMES AND HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES IN EASTERN GHOUTA, SYRIA Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 7 million people who campaign for a world where human rights are enjoyed by all. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. First published in 2015 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW United Kingdom © Amnesty International 2015 Index: MDE 24/2079/2015 Original language: English Printed by Amnesty International, International Secretariat, United Kingdom All rights reserved. This publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without fee for advocacy, campaigning and teaching purposes, but not for resale. The copyright holders request that all such use be registered with them for impact assessment purposes. For copying in any other circumstances, or for reuse in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, prior written permission must be obtained from the publishers, and a fee may be payable. To request permission, or for any other inquiries, please contact [email protected] Cover photo: Residents search through rubble for survivors in Douma, Eastern Ghouta, near Damascus. Activists said the damage was the result of an air strike by forces loyal to President Bashar -
SYRIA, FOURTH QUARTER 2019: Update on Incidents According to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) Compiled by ACCORD, 23 June 2020
SYRIA, FOURTH QUARTER 2019: Update on incidents according to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) compiled by ACCORD, 23 June 2020 Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality Number of reported fatalities National borders: GADM, November 2015a; administrative divisions: GADM, November 2015b; in- cident data: ACLED, 20 June 2020; coastlines and inland waters: Smith and Wessel, 1 May 2015 SYRIA, FOURTH QUARTER 2019: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 23 JUNE 2020 Contents Conflict incidents by category Number of Number of reported fatalities 1 Number of Number of Category incidents with at incidents fatalities Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality 1 least one fatality Explosions / Remote Conflict incidents by category 2 3058 397 1256 violence Development of conflict incidents from December 2017 to December 2019 2 Battles 1023 414 2211 Strategic developments 528 6 10 Methodology 3 Violence against civilians 327 210 305 Conflict incidents per province 4 Protests 169 1 9 Riots 8 1 1 Localization of conflict incidents 4 Total 5113 1029 3792 Disclaimer 8 This table is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 20 June 2020). Development of conflict incidents from December 2017 to December 2019 This graph is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 20 June 2020). 2 SYRIA, FOURTH QUARTER 2019: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 23 JUNE 2020 Methodology GADM. Incidents that could not be located are ignored. The numbers included in this overview might therefore differ from the original ACLED data. -
Timeline of Key Events: March 2011: Anti-Government Protests Broke
Timeline of key events: March 2011: Anti-government protests broke out in Deraa governorate calling for political reforms, end of emergency laws and more freedoms. After government crackdown on protestors, demonstrations were nationwide demanding the ouster of Bashar Al-Assad and his government. July 2011: Dr. Nabil Elaraby, Secretary General of the League of Arab States (LAS), paid his first visit to Syria, after his assumption of duties, and demanded the regime to end violence, and release detainees. August 2011: LAS Ministerial Council requested its Secretary General to present President Assad with a 13-point Arab initiative (attached) to resolve the crisis. It included cessation of violence, release of political detainees, genuine political reforms, pluralistic presidential elections, national political dialogue with all opposition factions, and the formation of a transitional national unity government, which all needed to be implemented within a fixed time frame and a team to monitor the above. - The Free Syrian Army (FSA) was formed of army defectors, led by Col. Riad al-Asaad, and backed by Arab and western powers militarily. September 2011: In light of the 13-Point Arab Initiative, LAS Secretary General's and an Arab Ministerial group visited Damascus to meet President Assad, they were assured that a series of conciliatory measures were to be taken by the Syrian government that focused on national dialogue. October 2011: An Arab Ministerial Committee on Syria was set up, including Algeria, Egypt, Oman, Sudan and LAS Secretary General, mandated to liaise with Syrian government to halt violence and commence dialogue under the auspices of the Arab League with the Syrian opposition on the implementation of political reforms that would meet the aspirations of the people. -
S Y R I a a R a B R E P U B L
PEOPLE IN NEED SO1 SO1RESPONSE RESPONSE DECEMBER CYCLE Food & Livelihood 8 5.78million Assistance 8.7 7 6.3m 6.3m 6.3m 6.3m 6.3m 6.3m Million ORIGIN Food Basket Humanitarian Needs Overview (HNO) - 2016 6 m m 5.96m 5.8m 6.16m 5.89m 4.43 1.35 September 2015 8.7 Million 5.74m 5.46m From within Syria From neighbouring Reached Beneficiaries 5 countries June 2016 9.4 Million WHOLE OF SYRIA September 2016 9.0 Million 4 102,724 Cash and Voucher 3 LIFE SUSTAINING AND LIFE SAVING OVERALL TARGET DECEMBER CYCLE RESPONSE So1 target FOOD ASSISTANCE (SO1) TARGET SO1 BENEFICIARIES Food Basket, Cash & Voucher 2 Food Basket, Cash & Voucher - 6.3 5.78 1 Additionally, Bread - Flour and Ready to Eat Rations were also Provided life sustaining MODALITIES AND Million 7.5 Million Million Emergency 0 1.2 JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC BENEFICIARIES REACHED BY Response (92%) of SO1 Target 878,849 Million Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) - 2016 Bread-Flour 280,385 598,464 From within Syria From neighbouring 36°0'0"E 38°0'0"E 40°0'0"E 42°0'0"E countries 6 c Cizre- 1 36°0'0"E 38°0'0"E 40°0'0"E g!42°0'0"E i 0 6 Kiziltepe-Ad c Nusaybin-Al Cizre- 2 1 l T U R K E Y Darbasiyah Qamishli Peshkabour T U R K E Y g! i 0 r g! g! g! Ceylanpinar-Ras Nusaybin-Al 2 e Kiziltepe-Ad l Ayn al Arab Peshkabour b T U R K E Y Qamishli 93,306 T U R K E Y Al Yaroubiya Islahiye Al Ayn Darbasiyah b Karkamis-Jarabulus r g! Ayn al g! g! - Rabiaa g! Emergency Response with 39,000 ! Akcakale-Tall g! Ceylanpinar-Ras 54,306 e g g! Arab b Bab As g! Al Yaroubiya Ready to Eat Ration u m Abiad From neighbouring -
1 of 6 Weekly Conflict Summary October 12-18, 2017 ISIS Has Been
Weekly Conflict Summary October 12-18, 2017 ISIS has been cleared completely from both its de facto capital, Raqqa, and secondary stronghold Mayadin. The Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF – a mainly Kurdish force supported by the US) captured Raqqa after more than four months of fighting, leaving the city heavily damaged due to intense aerial bombardment. Pro-government forces captured Mayadin shortly after surrounding the city while advancing southward from Deir Ezzor. The Turkish incursion into Idleb has expanded with new armaments and equipment flowing into the northern borders of the opposition-held pocket. Renewed fighting and a demand from Jordan for opposition groups to relinquish control of the Naseeb border crossing have caused new tensions within the opposition’s Southern Front coalition, including talk of the coalition’s dissolution. Figure 1 - Areas of control in Syria by October 18, with arrows indicating advances since the start of the reporting period 1 of 6 Weekly Conflict Summary – October 12-18, 2017 Fight against ISIS On October 17, the SDF captured the final neighborhoods of Raqqa city from ISIS, marking the end of Operation Euphrates Wrath after nearly a year of advancement. In the days following, SDF member groups, including the mainly-Kurdish People’s Protection Units (YPG and YPJ), have documented civilians leaving heavily-mined zones. Much of the city has been destroyed and the civilian toll of the Coalition-provided close air support has been significant. Though the last neighborhoods were captured on October 17, clean- up operations persist and ISIS fighters are still surrendering to SDF units in large numbers. -
Syria Crisis—East Ghouta
OCHA Flash Update Syria Crisis – East Ghouta No. 2 17 March 2018 Highlights ● Insecurity and fierce hostilities continue to endanger people in east Ghouta raising serious concerns for the protection of civilians in the area. Between 15 and 16 March, aerial bombardment on Kafr Batna, Saqba, Zamalka, Arbin and Hezzeh reportedly resulted in scores of civilian deaths and injuries. ● Since 11 March, at least 20,000 people reportedly left east Ghouta. The majority of those leaving are from the Hamouriyeh area. Those who left include at least 51 medical evacuations being treated in hospitals. ● Most of the people interviewed at the Dweir shelter had some health conditions (intestinal infections, hepatitis, skin disease, trauma) likely due to years of lack of access to medicine and health care. ● UN teams have been visiting the three collective shelters (Dweir, Adra and Herjelleh) in Rural Damascus where people who have left East Ghouta are staying. ● The UN has delivered emergency items such as food and nutrition items, NFIs, shelter, medical supplies and is supporting health and nutrition, WASH, education, protection and children protection services. ● SARC responded to the unexpected large number of arrivals and the UN is supporting with additional supplies as requested by SARC. Many supplies have already been delivered and distributed at the shelters, although more is needed given the scale of displacement. ● On 15 March, a UN/SARC/ICRC convoy delivered food assistance for 26,100 people in need in Duma. However, far more humanitarian assistance is needed in terms of other sectoral assistance and to other areas of the enclave. -
Policy Notes March 2021
THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY MARCH 2021 POLICY NOTES NO. 100 In the Service of Ideology: Iran’s Religious and Socioeconomic Activities in Syria Oula A. Alrifai “Syria is the 35th province and a strategic province for Iran...If the enemy attacks and aims to capture both Syria and Khuzestan our priority would be Syria. Because if we hold on to Syria, we would be able to retake Khuzestan; yet if Syria were lost, we would not be able to keep even Tehran.” — Mehdi Taeb, commander, Basij Resistance Force, 2013* Taeb, 2013 ran’s policy toward Syria is aimed at providing strategic depth for the Pictured are the Sayyeda Tehran regime. Since its inception in 1979, the regime has coopted local Zainab shrine in Damascus, Syrian Shia religious infrastructure while also building its own. Through youth scouts, and a pro-Iran I proxy actors from Lebanon and Iraq based mainly around the shrine of gathering, at which the banner Sayyeda Zainab on the outskirts of Damascus, the Iranian regime has reads, “Sayyed Commander Khamenei: You are the leader of the Arab world.” *Quoted in Ashfon Ostovar, Vanguard of the Imam: Religion, Politics, and Iran’s Revolutionary Guards (2016). Khuzestan, in southwestern Iran, is the site of a decades-long separatist movement. OULA A. ALRIFAI IRAN’S RELIGIOUS AND SOCIOECONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN SYRIA consolidated control over levers in various localities. against fellow Baathists in Damascus on November Beyond religious proselytization, these networks 13, 1970. At the time, Iran’s Shia clerics were in exile have provided education, healthcare, and social as Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi was still in control services, among other things. -
September 2016
www.rbs0.com/syria37.pdf 1 Oct 2016 Page 1 of 234 Syria & Iraq: September 2016 Copyright 2016 by Ronald B. Standler No copyright claimed for quotations. No copyright claimed for works of the U.S. Government. Table of Contents 1. Chemical Weapons U.N. Security Council begins to ask who used chemical weapons in Syria? ISIL used mustard in Iraq (11 Aug 2015) 2. Syria United Nations Diverted from Syria death toll in Syria now over 301,000 (30 Sep) Free Syrian Army is Leaderless since June 2015 Turkey is an ally from Hell U.S. troops in Syria Recognition that Assad is Winning the Civil War Peace Negotiations for Syria Future of Assad must be decided by Syrians Planning for Peace Negotiations in Geneva New Russia/USA Agreements (9 Sep) U.N. Security Council meeting (21 Sep) Syrian speech to U.N. General Assembly (24 Sep) more meetings and negotiations 22-30 Sep 2016 Friends of Syria meeting in London (7 Sep) ISSG meetings (20, 22 Sep 2016) occasional reports of violations of the Cessation of Hostilities agreement proposed 48-hour ceasefires in Aleppo siege of Aleppo (1-12 Sep} Violations of new agreements in Syria (12-19 Sep) continuing civil war in Syria (20-30 Sep) bombing hospitals in Syria surrender of Moadamiyeh U.N. Reports war crimes prosecution? 3. Iraq Atrocities in Iraq No Criminal Prosecution of Iraqi Army Officers No Prosecution for Fall of Mosul No Prosecution for Rout at Ramadi No Criminal Prosecution for Employing "Ghost Soldiers" www.rbs0.com/syria37.pdf 1 Oct 2016 Page 2 of 234 Iraq is a failed nation U.S. -
Tenth Quarterly Report Part 1 – Eastern Ghouta February
Tenth Quarterly Report Part 1 – Eastern Ghouta February – April 2018 Colophon ISBN: 978-94-92487-29-2 NUR 689 PAX serial number: PAX/2018/05 Photo cover: “A raid killed my dream, and a raid killed my future, and a raid killed everything alive inside of me, while I was watching.” - Wael al-Tawil, Douma, 20 February 2018 About PAX PAX works with committed citizens and partners to protect civilians against acts of war, to end armed violence, and to build just peace. PAX operates independently of political interests. www.paxforpeace.nl / P.O. Box 19318 / 3501 DH Utrecht, The Netherlands / [email protected] This report was written by Valerie Szybala with support from the PAX team. It would not have been possible without the participation of Siege Watch’s voluntary network of reporting contacts on the ground. This past quarter, Siege Watch contacts from Eastern Ghouta continued to provide updates and information with the project during the darkest period of their lives. Thank you to everyone from Eastern Ghouta who communicated with the project team over the years, for your openness, generosity and patience. We have been inspired and humbled by your strength through adversity, and will continue to support your search for justice and peace. Siege Watch Tenth Quarterly Report Part 1 – Eastern Ghouta February – April 2018 PAX ! Siege Watch - Tenth Quarterly Report Part 1 – Eastern Ghouta 3 Table of Contents Executive Summary 06 Introduction 10 Eastern Ghouta 12 Background 12 Military Developments 14 Stages of the Final Offensive 18 Chemical Weapons -
SYRIA Problematic
ñ Host countries: Access to host countries for the refugees continues to be REGIONAL ANALYSIS SYRIA problematic. While 20,000 refugees fled to Lebanon in one week this month, access to Iraq continues to be blocked. The security situation in Lebanon has November 2013 been affected by the battle in neighbouring Qalamoun as rockets have been launched across the border by GoS artillery. Fears are heightened that the Content list conflict will decisively cross into Lebanese territory as many fighters are This Regional Analysis of the Syria conflict Humanitarian profile (RAS) is a light version updating the October thought to have moved into opposition-friendly areas in Lebanon. Syria RAS and provides information on key developments during the month of November Key developments ñ Across the refugee communities in all the host communities, the longevity of while continuing to highlight the priority Possible developments the crisis is exacerbating their plight. Aid providers have highlighted the concerns. The RAS seeks to bring together Operational constraints and increasing incidence of severe poverty, as any savings or assets families had information from sources in the region and assessments brought from Syria have been exhausted; all assessments covering the topic provide holistic analysis of the overall Syria November conflict pattern highlight an increase in the proportion of refugees in debt. Opportunities to crisis. The next full version of the RAS will be Displacement and sectoral pages published in February. find income have dwindled with the heavy competition that rises as the Host countries refugee population swells amid regional economic insecurity. Rising poverty For more information, comments or questions Key developments please email [email protected].