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West Africa Enhanced Market Analysis 2017

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West Africa Enhanced Market Analysis 2017 FEWS NET West Africa Enhanced Market Analysis 2017 I WEST AFRICA ENHANCED MARKET ANALYSIS SEPTEMBER 2017 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Chemonics International Inc. for the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET), contract number AID- OAA-I-Famine12-00006. Early The Warning authors’ Systems views Network expressed in this publication do not i necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States government. FEWS NET West Africa Enhanced Market Analysis 2017 About FEWS NET Created in response to the 1984 famines in East and West Africa, the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) provides early warning and integrated, forward-looking analysis of the many factors that contribute to food insecurity. FEWS NET aims to inform decision makers and contribute to their emergency response planning; support partners in conducting early warning analysis and forecasting; and provide technical assistance to partner-led initiatives. To learn more about the FEWS NET project, please visit www.fews.net. Disclaimer This publication was prepared under the United States Agency for International Development Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) Indefinite Quantity Contract, AID-OAA-I-12-00006. The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States government. Acknowledgments FEWS NET gratefully acknowledges the network of partners in Burkina Faso, Niger, and Nigeria who contributed their time, analysis, and data to make this report possible. Cover photos @FEWS NET and Flickr Creative Commons. Famine Early Warning Systems Network ii FEWS NET West Africa Enhanced Market Analysis 2017 Table of Contents Preface .......................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................................... 2 1. Introduction to the West Africa Enhanced Market Analysis Assessment ............................................................ 5 1.1 USAID Core research questions .......................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Study methods ................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Organization of the report ................................................................................................................................. 8 2. Context...................................................................................................................................................................... 9 2.1 Environmental conditions .................................................................................................................................. 9 2.1.1 Agroclimatology .......................................................................................................................................... 9 2.1.2 Land cover ................................................................................................................................................... 9 2.1.3 Soil conditions and mineral resources ...................................................................................................... 10 2.1.4 Seasonality ................................................................................................................................................ 10 2.2 Social context ................................................................................................................................................... 11 2.2.1 Demographics ........................................................................................................................................... 11 2.2.2 Poverty ...................................................................................................................................................... 12 2.2.3 Literacy and education .............................................................................................................................. 13 2.2.4 Household structure and other cultural considerations ........................................................................... 13 2.2.5 Gender considerations .............................................................................................................................. 14 2.2.6 Governance ............................................................................................................................................... 15 2.2.7 Conflict and security.................................................................................................................................. 16 2.3 Infrastructure ................................................................................................................................................... 17 2.3.1 Road infrastructure ................................................................................................................................... 17 2.3.2 Availability and access to basic services .................................................................................................... 17 2.3.3 Storage ...................................................................................................................................................... 18 2.3.4 ICT/Connectivity ........................................................................................................................................ 19 2.3.5 Financial services coverage and access ..................................................................................................... 20 2.4 Food security policy context ............................................................................................................................. 22 2.4.1 Regional-level policies, programs and institutions ................................................................................... 23 2.4.2 Institutions, policies, and programs in Burkina Faso and Niger ................................................................ 24 2.5 Regional trade policy context ........................................................................................................................... 27 2.5.1 Taxes and fees ........................................................................................................................................... 27 2.5.2 Axle load limits .......................................................................................................................................... 29 2.5.3 Import procedures and processes ............................................................................................................ 29 3. Livelihood Systems .................................................................................................................................................. 30 3.1 Dominant livelihood systems of RISE II program areas .................................................................................... 30 3.1.1 Burkina Faso livelihoods systems .............................................................................................................. 31 3.1.2 Niger livelihood systems ........................................................................................................................... 32 Famine Early Warning Systems Network iii FEWS NET West Africa Enhanced Market Analysis 2017 3.2 Income sources in RISE II program areas .......................................................................................................... 33 3.2.1 Mineral wealth and income generation .................................................................................................... 34 3.3 Income earned through regional trade ............................................................................................................ 35 3.4 Expenditure patterns in RISE II program areas ................................................................................................. 36 3.5 Staple foods ...................................................................................................................................................... 36 3.6 Food sources .................................................................................................................................................... 37 4. The Agricultural Market Context in Burkina Faso and Niger .................................................................................. 38 4.1 National and regional market context .............................................................................................................. 38 4.1.1 Production ................................................................................................................................................. 38 4.1.2 Demand ..................................................................................................................................................... 39 4.1.3 Trade flows ...............................................................................................................................................
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