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Colloque Darwin « Heritage Et Enjeux Pour Notre Societe » 22 Novembre 2009

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Colloque Darwin « Heritage Et Enjeux Pour Notre Societe » 22 Novembre 2009 0 COLLOQUE DARWIN « HERITAGE ET ENJEUX POUR NOTRE SOCIETE » 22 NOVEMBRE 2009 Le colloque est organisé d’une manière exceptionnelle par trois Académies : l’Académie Lorraine des Sciences, l’Académie de Stanislas et l’Institut Grand Ducal, avec le soutien de la Ville de Nancy et de la Communauté urbaine du Grand Nancy. Sous le Haut patronage du Ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche et sous la Présidence d’André Rossinot, Président de la Communauté urbaine du Grand Nancy, Maire de Nancy, ancien Ministre 1 AVERTISSEMENT Les auteurs ont relu les textes de leurs interventions et portent l’entière responsabilité des propos qui sont rapportés dans les Actes. L’édition des Actes du « Colloque Darwin : Héritage et enjeux pour notre société » a bénéficié du soutien financier de la Ville de Nancy et de la Communauté Urbaine du Grand Nancy. Nous tenons à remercier tout particulièrement Monsieur André ROSSINOT, Maire de Nancy, Président du Grand Nancy ainsi que Madame Marie-Christine LEROY, Vice-Présidente du Grand Nancy chargée de la diffusion de la culture scientifique et technique, pour leur indispensable et substantielle contribution. Nous assurons de notre plus grande considération Madame Annette LEXA-CHOMARD, Madame Dominique DUBAUX et Monsieur Jean Claude Derniame, tous trois sociétaires de l’Académie Lorraine des Sciences, ainsi que Monsieur Jean-Claude BONNEFONT de l’Académie de Stanislas, qui par leur important travail de relecture et de présentation de ces Actes, ont porté la responsabilité de la transcription du manuscrit dans sa forme définitive. 2 Préface............................................................................................................5 Mme Dominique DUBAUX, Vice-présidente de l’ALS, Agrégée de Physique ............................................................................................................5 Introduction ...................................................................................................7 Madame Annette LEXA-CHOMARD, Docteur es Sciences , toxicologue, spécialisée en histoire des sciences de l'évolution.............................................7 Ouverture du colloque par André Rossinot ................................................9 Maire de Nancy, ancien Ministre, Président de la Communauté Urbaine du Grand Nancy .....................................................................................................9 Mots de bienvenue par les présidents ........................................................13 Mme KELLER-DIDIER, Présidente de l’Académie Lorraine des Sciences. .........................................................................................................................13 M. SECK, Président de la section des Sciences de l’Institut Grand Ducal. .........................................................................................................................14 M. MAINARD, Président de l’Académie de Stanislas. ..............................15 Les apports de la génétique à la théorie darwinienne de l’évolution.....................................................................................................17 M.Pierre-Henri Gouyon, professeur au Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle et à AgroParis-Tech ...............................................................................................17 Les apports de la paléontologie à la théorie de l’évolution ......................33 M.Jean Chaline, Professeur, Directeur de recherche émérite au CNRS ...33 Place de l’homme dans la théorie de l’évolution.......................................47 M. Yves Coppens, Professeur au Collège de France .................................47 Explication sur la naissance et la diversité des courants créationnistes ..............................................................................................55 M. Jacques Arnould, dominicain,théologien français, chargé de mission au CNES, ingénieur agronome et docteur en histoire des sciences et en théologie. .........................................................................................................55 3 Débat de l’après midi ..................................................................................67 Organisation du débat ...............................................................................67 Réponses aux questions écrites...................................................................69 Table ronde autour de la formation des enseignants et de la construction du Savoir............................................................................................................87 Comment notre Société actuelle transmet-elle connaissances et informations sur l’évolutionnisme ? ................................................................87 Introduction .................................................................................................89 par Bernard LATHUILIERE......................................................................89 Débat avec les 5 orateurs ............................................................................97 Clôture du Colloque par André Rossinot................................................103 Annexes ......................................................................................................105 A propos du colloque Darwin : héritage et enjeux pour notre Société...105 Pierre-Henri GOUYON ..........................................................................107 Jacques ARNOULD .................................................................................109 JEAN CHALINE ......................................................................................111 Yves COPPENS........................................................................................113 Bernard LATHUILIERE ..........................................................................119 INSTITUT GRAND-DUCAL / Section des Sciences naturelles, physiques et mathématiques...........................................................................................125 4 Préface Mme Dominique DUBAUX, Vice-présidente de l’ALS, Agrégée de Physique « On annonce toujours la mort des célébrités, jamais leur naissance », plaisantait l’écrivain surréaliste Louis SCUTENAIRE. Sans vraiment réparer cette injustice, l’année 2009 a permis de célébrer très dignement le bicentenaire de la naissance d’un géant de la science moderne, Charles DARWIN, en même temps que, par un heureux hasard de calendrier, le 150ième anniversaire de la première édition de « L’origine des espèces au moyen de la sélection naturelle », sa publication majeure. Une célébration légitime, puisque la théorie de l’évolution formulée par le savant, sans cesse enrichie, complétée, complexifiée par des générations de chercheurs, au prix d’un nombre extrêmement important de travaux scientifiques, paraît indétrônable. Darwin est au centre d’une des plus grandes révolutions scientifiques et philosophiques de tous les temps. Aussi, en cette « Année Darwin », avec le soutien de la Ville de Nancy et de la Communauté Urbaine du Grand Nancy et grâce à la participation d’éminents spécialistes, l’Académie Lorraine des Sciences, L’Académie de Stanislas et l’Institut Grand Ducal de Luxembourg, section des Sciences, ont proposé ce « Colloque Darwin » et mené une réflexion de fond transversale et pluridisciplinaire sur le thème de l’Evolution. Les temps forts d’un colloque n’apparaissent pas à la seule lecture des actes. Le lecteur, qu’il fût présent ou non lors de la journée nancéienne du 22 novembre 2009, aborde le contenu de « Darwin : Héritage et enjeux pour notre société » sans connaître les circonstances qui présidèrent aux travaux préparatoires. En effet, c’est pour répondre à une interpellation formulée au printemps 2007 par Monsieur André ROSSINOT, Maire de Nancy, Président du Grand Nancy, ancien Ministre, qu’un « comité d’organisation » représentant nos trois académies s’est réuni dès le mois de juin 2008. Présidé et animé avec brio et compétence par Madame Colette KELLER-DIDIER, Présidente de l’Académie Lorraine des Sciences, et composé de : − Mesdames Nelly Contet-Audonneau, Dominique Dubaux, Annette Lexa- Chomard, et Messieurs André Clément, Jean-Pierre Jolas, Jean-Paul Haton, François Régnier, Jean-Marie Schissler, Gino Tognolli pour l’Académie Lorraine des Sciences − Messieurs Jean-Claude Bonnefont, Robert Mainard, Jean-Louis Rivail, Guy Vaucel pour l’Académie de Stanislas − Monsieur Pierre Seck pour l’Institut Grand Ducal de Luxembourg, Section des Sciences, Le « comité » a conçu et organisé cette manifestation voulue dès le départ comme un grand moment de science et de connaissance, d’histoire et de société. 5 Le « Colloque Darwin » fut pour le public très nombreux et très divers qu’il a réuni, une journée privilégiée de partage d’informations et de réflexions, de confrontation et de débat sur le thème de l’Evolution, dans le cadre prestigieux des Grands Salons de l’Hôtel de Ville de Nancy, mis à disposition par Monsieur André ROSSINOT, envers lequel nous sommes infiniment reconnaissants pour sa présence constante et pour toute l’aide logistique et financière qu’il nous a généreusement accordée. Ces actes, qui seront un support de mémoire pour les différents promoteurs du « Colloque Darwin », s’adressent aussi à tous les acteurs locaux et régionaux de la culture scientifique et technique et bien au-delà, à toutes les personnes concernées par la diffusion et le rayonnement des Sciences. Il nous est agréable de remercier les personnalités qui ont contribué à la tenue du Colloque.
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