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De La Vérité À La Réconciliation

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De La Vérité À La Réconciliation RESILIENCE OF THE FLOWER BEADWORK PEOPLE Christi Belcourt 1999 Acrylique sur toile Nous avons surmonté des obstacles extrêmement difficiles. Nous aurions pu très facilement être assimilés à la so- ciété dominante. Les pressions venaient de tous les côtés. Peu importe!. Nous y sommes toujours. En dépit des tenta- tives agressives d’assimilation. En dépit du régime des pensionnats. En dépit des influences dominantes de l’Église dans les communautés métisses qui se sont exercées dans le but d’écarter et de dénier notre héritage autochtone et notre spiritualité autochtone. Nous sommes encore capables de dire que nous sommes fiers d’être Métis. Nous sommes résilients comme une vivace. Aussi beaux qu’une fleur sauvage. Nous avons toutes les raisons de célébrer et d’être fiers. – Christi Belcourt (extrait de www.belcourt.net) De la vérité à réconciliation Transformer l’héritage des pensionnats BLOOD TEARS Alex Janvier 2001 De la vérité à la réconciliation Acrylique sur toile de lin Oeuvre créée le jour du 66e anniver- saire de l’artiste, Blood Tears est à la Transformer l’héritage des pensionnats fois une affirmation du sentiment de deuil de M. Janvier et une célébration de sa résilience, une déclaration rendue encore plus puissante par l’inclusion d’une inscription très longue, peinte de sa propre main, à l’arrière de la toile. Il y expose en détail les pertes qu’il a subies alors qu’il a passé dix ans au pension- nat indien Blue Quills : la perte de son enfance, de sa langue, de sa culture, de ses coutumes, de ses parents, de ses grands-parents et de ses croyances tra- ditionnelles. Il a été enlevé de la terre qu’il aimait et il a été sévèrement puni pour avoir parlé sa langue — Denesu’linÈ. Le fait d’être un petit garçon n’avait pas d’importance, « plusieurs, plusieurs sont morts le corps meurtri et l’esprit et le coeur brisés ». Vous trouverez ci-jointe l’inscription au complet. WRESTLING WITH MY DEMONS Abraham Anghik Ruben 2001 Sculpture sur pierre de savon du Brésil Collection de la famille Silverberg Cette sculpture est une interprétation personnelle de ma vie. C’est un miroir de mon passé, un repère pour le moment présent et un rappel des problèmes non encore résolus et des luttes quotidiennes. Ma vie passée, c’est l’évocation de vingt ans d’alcoolisme et des efforts pour me rétablir, et des années passées au pension- nat. Ces démons se réveillent encore, ils se font entendre, mais, au fil du temps, s’évanouissent en un lointain écho et un murmure. – Abraham Anghik Ruben (www.inuastudio.com) Collection recherche de la Fondation autochtone de guérison Collection recherche de la Fondation autochtone de guérison RESILIENCE OF THE FLOWER BEADWORK PEOPLE Christi Belcourt 1999 Acrylique sur toile Nous avons surmonté des obstacles extrêmement difficiles. Nous aurions pu très facilement être assimilés à la so- ciété dominante. Les pressions venaient de tous les côtés. Peu importe!. Nous y sommes toujours. En dépit des tenta- tives agressives d’assimilation. En dépit du régime des pensionnats. En dépit des influences dominantes de l’Église dans les communautés métisses qui se sont exercées dans le but d’écarter et de dénier notre héritage autochtone et notre spiritualité autochtone. Nous sommes encore capables de dire que nous sommes fiers d’être Métis. Nous sommes résilients comme une vivace. Aussi beaux qu’une fleur sauvage. Nous avons toutes les raisons de célébrer et d’être fiers. – Christi Belcourt (extrait de www.belcourt.net) De Transformer la BLOOD TEARS vérité Alex Janvier 2001 De la vérité à la réconciliation Acrylique sur toile de lin Oeuvre créée le jour du 66e anniver- l’héritage saire de l’artiste, Blood Tears est à la à Transformer l’héritage des pensionnats fois une affirmation du sentiment de la deuil de M. Janvier et une célébration de sa résilience, une déclaration rendue réconciliation encore plus puissante par l’inclusion des d’une inscription très longue, peinte de sa propre main, à l’arrière de la toile. Il y pensionnats expose en détail les pertes qu’il a subies alors qu’il a passé dix ans au pension- nat indien Blue Quills : la perte de son enfance, de sa langue, de sa culture, Fondation autochtone de guérison de ses coutumes, de ses parents, de ses grands-parents et de ses croyances tra- ditionnelles. Il a été enlevé de la terre qu’il aimait et il a été sévèrement 75, RUE Albert, pièce 801, Ottawa (Ontario) K1P 5E7 puni pour avoir parlé sa langue — Denesu’linÈ. Le fait d’être un petit garçon n’avait pas d’importance, « plusieurs, plusieurs sont morts le corps meurtri et l’esprit et le coeur brisés ». Vous trouverez ci-jointe Téléphone : (613) 237-4441 l’inscription au complet. Sans frais : (888) 725-8886 Bélinographe : (613) 237-4442 WRESTLING WITH MY DEMONS Courriel : [email protected] Abraham Anghik Ruben Site internet : www.fadg.ca 2001 Sculpture sur pierre de savon du Brésil Collection de la famille Silverberg Aider les Autochtones à se guérir eux-mêmes Cette sculpture est une interprétation personnelle de ma vie. C’est un miroir de mon passé, un repère pour le moment présent et un rappel des problèmes non encore résolus et des luttes quotidiennes. Ma vie passée, c’est l’évocation de vingt ans d’alcoolisme et des efforts pour me rétablir, et des années passées au pension- nat. Ces démons se réveillent encore, ils se font entendre, mais, au fil du temps, s’évanouissent en un lointain écho et un murmure. – Abraham Anghik Ruben (www.inuastudio.com) DA_cover_FR.indd 1 7/1/08 5:58:51 PM © Fondation autochtone de guérison, 2008 Publié par : Fondation autochtone de guérison 75, rue Albert, pièce 801, Ottawa (Ontario) K1P 5E7 Téléphone : (613) 237-4441 Sans frais : (888) 725-8886 Télécopieur : (613) 237-4442 Courriel : [email protected] Site internet : www.fadg.ca Conception de la maquette de la couverture : Beat Studios Ottawa (Ontario) Conception graphique et mise en page par : Fondation autochtone de guérison Impression par : Dollco Printing Ottawa (Ontario) Version imprimée : ISBN 978-1-897285-67-1 Version électronique : ISBN 978-1-897285-68-8 L’utilisation du nom « Fondation autochtone de guérison » et du logo de la Fondation est interdite. La Fondation encourage cependant la reproduction du présent document à des fins non commerciales. Ce projet de recherche a été financé par la Fondation autochtone de guérison (FADG), cependant les opinions exprimées dans ce rapport sont les opinions personnelles de l’auteur ou des auteurs. This document is also available in English. De la vérité à la réconciliation Transformer l’héritage des pensionnats Recueil compilé pour le compte de la Fondation autochtone de guérison par Marlene Brant Castellano Linda Archibald Mike DeGagné 2008 Dédicace Dédicacé à la mémoire de Gail Guthrie Valaskakis, notre collègue et amie. C’est sous votre inspiration que cet ouvrage a été réalisé. Votre amour de l’éducation et de la recherche nous a guidés vers des aspirations et une vision communes et vers la réconciliation. Nous vous sommes reconnaissants de votre encouragement et de votre appui. Vous nous manquez beaucoup. Table des matières Préface.......................................................................................................................xiii Introduction ................................................................................................................1 Section 1 : Partage de la vérité Fred Kelly Confession d’un païen régénéré ........................................................................ 13 Brian Rice et Anna Snyder Réconciliation dans le contexte d’une société colonisatrice : Guérison de l’héritage du colonialisme au Canada........................................ 51 Chronologie abrégée des événements .................................................................. 76 Tricia Logan La vérité et la réconciliation selon une perspective métisse .......................... 81 John Amagoalik Réconciliation ou conciliation? Une perspective inuite ...............................107 Stan McKay Ouvrir le dialogue sur la vérité et la réconciliation — de façon positive...........................................................................................117 Section 2 : Persistance de l’héritage Beverley Jacobs et Andrea Williams L’héritage des pensionnats : Les femmes autochtones disparues et assassinées .......................................137 Rupert Ross Partage de la vérité et recherche de la réconciliation : une exploration des enjeux...............................................................................167 Cindy Blackstock Se réconcilier signifie ne pas avoir à s’excuser deux fois : leçons tirées de l’expérience en protection de l’enfance au Canada ........................191 vii Table des matières Madeleine Dion Stout Réflexion d’une Survivante sur la résilience ..................................................211 Section 3 : Exploration des chemins vers la réconciliation Jennifer Llewellyn Justice réparatrice et la Commission de vérité et de réconciliation liée aux pensionnats indiens : établissons des liens entre la Vérité et la Réconciliation ............................................................................................215 Robert Andrew Joseph Une porte de jade : la justice réconciliatrice ouvrant la voie à l’avenir — une leçon tirée de l’expérience de la Nouvelle-Zélande .........................241 Bradford W. Morse La réconciliation est-elle possible? La réparation, une condition essentielle ..................................................................................273 John Bond Réconciliation : une
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