Newsletter Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History April 2012 www.mnh.si.edu/arctic Number 19

NOTES FROM THE DIRECTOR This coming year the ASC’s contribution to By William Fitzhugh research and education about Arctic change comes through sponsorship of the 18th Inuit Studies This was another record year for Arctic change Conference which will be held at the Smithsonian on with the summer sea-ice reaching a second historic 24-28 October 2012. The ISC is held every two years, low, equivalent to 2007, when I experienced it from the generally in Canada, although it has been in Alaska deck of the Russian ice-breaker Khlebnikov while on a and Paris, but never in the Lower 48. The conference Smithsonian “Arctic Seminar Cruise.” An observation, theme—“Learning From the Top of the World”— novel to me at the time, was the large amount of black has climate impacts as its over-arching topic and is soot on the ice around Wrangel Island. That year supported by sub-themes of social, cultural, and climate scientists began talking change; globalization; about the effect of black power, governance, and carbon from jet-planes and politics; heritage and other sources. Dark matter museums; education and was being concentrated on health; Inuit language and the surface of multi-year literature; Inuit art, film and sea ice, accelerating the media: visual anthropology melt. Today black carbon is of the north; and perceiving recognized as an atmospheric the past: towards a more cooling agent, blocking solar inclusive archaeology. radiation, as well as a sea-ice We expect several melting accelerant. hundred participants to As climate change attend scholarly sessions, proceeds, the Arctic view special exhibits, continues to race ahead of explore Smithsonian the global warming curve, collections and archives, with different effects in and take advantage of different regions. Labrador Washington D.C.’s cultural and the Far Northeast have riches, government agencies, had record snows while for a NGOs, and educational second year in a row almost Projected Changes in Sea Ice. ACIA Map, Clifford Grabhorn. institutions. The Program no winter ice has formed in Committee has been busy the Gulf of St. Lawrence, planning sessions, raising dealing another blow to harp seal pup recruitment. funds, lining up venues, and spreading the word. Meanwhile, Europe gets buried in snow which even Plenary speakers include Nellie Cournoyea, Mark reached North Africa. Despite regional anomalies, Serreze, and Sheila Watt-Cloutier. We are advised by global temperature continues to rise. Anticipation of an Inuit Advisory Board composed of Nancy Karetak- Arctic change has prompted the U.S. to formulate Lindell, Aqqaluk Lynge, Willie Hensley, and Vera a new Arctic Research Plan, while commitment at Metcalf. Special exhibitions will feature the Inuit/ the highest levels of government was demonstrated Norse-themed sculpture of Abraham Anghik Ruben and by Hillary Rodham Clinton’s and Ken Salazar’s displays of Dorset prints and textile and photographic participation in the Arctic Council Ministerial held in arts. Arctic films, dance groups, and literary events are Nuuk in May 2011. Public awareness of Arctic change scheduled as well as receptions. A banquet address by was also enhanced by international meetings reviewing Aron Crowell will present the ASC’s new Anchorage the contributions of the recent International Polar Year. exhibits and educational programs. The meetings will 2 take place in a social media environment that will Padilla, and renovated Northwest Coast Raven canoe facilitate participant interaction and bring its activities and salmon displays. Installations will open in fall, and findings to a broader audience. Information on the 2012. program and registration is available at http://www. Loring and Fitzhugh, assisted by Rob Mullen and mnh.si.edu/arctic/ISC18/index.html Lauren Marr, began planning a special exhibition for Changes in the North have resulted in advances NMNH tentatively titled Visions of the Boreal Forest. on many governmental fronts. Igor Krupnik and With support from TD Bank and the Canadian Boreal William Fitzhugh, acting for the SI’s Eva Pell, helped Initiative, we held workshops to identify themes, develop the U.S. Interagency Arctic Research Policy players, and educational messages. The boreal exhibit Committee’s new Arctic Research Plan under the will feature the natural and cultural history of one of leadership of Brandon Kelly. We also contributed to the world’s last great ecosystems, still largely intact the State Department’s Arctic Policy Group coordinated but under pressure for extraction of its timber, oil and by U.S. Senior Arctic official,Julia Gourley. gas, waters, minerals, and animals. As with the Ocean Assisted by the U.S. National Park Service, Fitzhugh Hall, conservation and sustainable development will participated on a committee developing a global list be central themes. On another front, we collaborated of Arctic Heritage Sites for the Arctic Council and with Martin Nweeia and Charles Potter on a future made recommendations on the impacts of trans-Arctic exhibition of the elusive Arctic animal—the mysterious shipping on Arctic environments, peoples, and cultures. tusked narwhal. In Anchorage, Aron Crowell and Dawn Biddison ASC garnered several awards this year. Noel settled into their paces by producing a series of Broadbent received the Smithsonian Secretary’s programs and events building on the new ASC exhibition and collection resources now available at Research Prize for Lapps and Labyrinths: Saami the Anchorage Museum. These programs, such as Prehistory, Colonization, and Cultural Resilience. the recent Athapascan snowshoe and the Dena’ina Stephen Loring received recognition for his language workshops, bring new documentation to our contributions to community archaeology and Perry collections while also enriching Alaska Native cultural Colbourne, skipper of the R.V. Pitsiulak, received and linguistic heritage through interactive media. The an award for 15 years of exemplary service and new Alaska programs coordinate closely with the stewardship of Smithsonian field research teams. museum’s new Recovering Voices initiative. ASC research contributions continued with This year’s major exhibition project involved Loring’s work in Labrador; Krupnik’s research on renovating the NMNH Ocean Hall. Stephen Loring, Alaska Native weather and environmental observations Torben Rick, and Bill Fitzhugh worked closely with in the Bering Strait region; Crowell’s oral history and a team headed by Jill Johnson and Elaine Soulenille heritage archaeology in South Alaska; and Fitzhugh’s to strengthen the hall’s ocean conservation and field programs in Mongolia and Quebec. Meanwhile anthropological content. New elements will include an Broadbent continued his local historical archaeology Ainu boat built by Masahiro Nomoto, Arctic climate of the War of 1812 Bladensburg site in northeast change, installation of the Greenland kayak built during Washington D.C. All of these projects—and more—are the NMNH’s 2005 Festival of Greenland by Maligiaq described in the following pages.

For more information or to register for the Inuit Studies Conference please visit: http://www.mnh.si.edu/arctic/ISC18/index.html 3

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ASC Special Update...... 4 Bringing Lucien M. Turner’s 1882-84 Field Notes of Learning From the Top of the World – the 18th Inuit Arctic Mammals to the Attention of Science Studies Conference John Murdoch, Sr. Discovering big things in small places: The Arctic Anchorage...... 6 Collections of the Chester County Historical Society St. Lawrence Island Yupik Language Workshop Alaska Native Film Festival Fieldwork...... 23 Evening for Educators Quebec Field Report 2011 Athabascan Snowshoe Artists Residency Rock Art and Archaeology in the Mongolian Altai The Glacier’s Eternal Gift: Traditional Ice Floe Sealing Rock Art in the Mongolian Altai at Yakutat Bay Field Mapping in the Mongolian Altai ASC Anchorage Interns and Fellows Commodore Joshua Barney Site Excavation Studying the North in the “North Country” Exhibits...... 11 Arctic Journeys/Ancient Memories: The Sculpture of Outreach...... 31 Abraham Anghik Ruben Time Team America Culture on Cloth: a World-touring exhibition on display Science Symposia Honor Tiger Burch, 1938–2010 during the Inuit Studies Conference Arctic Warming and Archaeology Boreal Exhibition Planning Takes a Big Step Forward Boreal Forest Exhibition Interns...... 33

Research...... 16 Bergy Bits...... 40 Arctic Issues in the ‘Global Climate Change’ Debate Transitions...... 46 The Center for Circumpolar Studies Publications...... 48 Tuugaat Uqaaqtuaq (Ivory Stories): Ivory Drill Bows 2010/2011 ASC Interns, Fellows, and Volunteers...... 51 Recall Tales from the Arctic

THANKS TO OUR 2011 SPONSORS! Alaska State Council on the Arts National Geographic Society American Center for Mongolian Studies (ACMS) National Park Service Canadian Boreal Initiative National Science Foundation Ernest Burch Estate The Oak Foundation First National Bank Alaska Robert Bateman Fund Friends of the Smithsonian Sealaska Corporation GNWT’s Language Enhancement Fund SI/NMNH Department of Anthropology Intellectual Property in Cultural Heritage (IPinCH) Smithsonian Grand Challenges program Betsy and David Lawer Smithsonian Small Grants Maurice and Alice Lynch Smithsonian Institution Jo and Peter Michalski Toronto Dominion Bank The Maine Community Foundation U.S. Department of the Interior National Endowment for the Arts University of Montreal National Endowment for the Humanities 4 ASC Newsletter

ASC SPECIAL UPDATE Learning From the Top of the World communicating new research on a broad array of – the 18th Inuit Studies Conference northern topics and will raise awareness about these hOSTED BY THE aRCTIC sTUDIES cENTER issues in a series of plenary sessions, workshops, IN oCTOBER 2012 symposia, panel discussions, media events, and By Bill Fitzhugh exhibitions. Plenary speakers include climate scientist Mark Serreze and Inuit politician/activists Sheila The 18th biennial gathering Watt-Cloutier and Nellie Cournoyea. Daily plenary of Arctic scholars known as sessions will be followed by 10-12 topical symposia the Inuit Studies Conference held in museum venues around the National Mall. The will address the central conference will include exhibition openings featuring theme, “Inuit/Arctic/ the sculpture of Inuit artist Abraham Anghik Ruben Connections: Learning from as well as graphic, textile, and photographic arts the Top of the World,” and from the Inuit world. Tours of collections, archives, will be held for and conservation facilities will be available. Inuit the first time in the lower ’48 performing groups will present their cultural traditions at the Smithsonian Institution at receptions and banquet convocations. ISC-18 will 24-28 October, 2012. The feature expanded participation by Inuit leaders and conference is being planned scholars and plans have been made to bring Inuit youth and hosted by the Arctic Studies Center. and elders to the meeting. ISC-18 will address the outstanding issue of the ISC-18 will focus sessions and panels on the Arctic world today—it’s rapidly changing climate and main conference theme, “Arctic / Inuit / Connections: the dramatic reduction of sea ice that are transforming Learning for the Top of the World.” This broad theme a ‘frozen’ world into a seasonally ice-free environment. inspires discussion about important Inuit issues and These physical changes have already had a profound how they impact—or are impacted by—the rest of the impact on Arctic cultures and residents, on the natural world. In addition, the program committee has selected resources that sustain northern peoples, and that for the the following sub-themes as guides for the organization first time directly affect the wider world as a result of of symposia and panels: new access to formerly frozen lands and waters. • The ‘New’ Arctic: Social, Cultural and Climate Relevance The 2012 meeting promises to be Change especially important because of the transformative • Globalization: An Arctic Story changes taking place across the Arctic region today, • Power, Governance and Politics in the North where climate change is dramatically altering the Inuit • Heritage, Museums and the North world. Rapid shifts in polar environments, as well • Inuit Education and Health as various social drivers, are profoundly changing • Inuit Language and Literature northern landscapes, animal distributions, and sea ice • Inuit Art, Film and Media: Visual Anthropology cover, and are having an equally transformative impact • Perceiving the Past, Towards a More Inclusive on Native cultures and subsistence patterns, as well Archaeology as on political and economic relations with the global society. This conference, augmented by the scholarly Communication ISC-18 is the first major meeting and collection strengths of the Smithsonian Institution, of Arctic experts undertaken in a fully interactive will present scientific discourse on key topics, eliciting digital environment. The traditional way to expand media, government, indigenous affairs, and NGO audiences and extend a conference’s impact has interest in current and future developments in the been through publications and proceedings. Past ISC North. This conference encourages an interdisciplinary conferences have delivered results in verbal or print perspective on Inuit studies and encourages workshops, form. ISC-18 will do that and more by creating content panels and symposia. The ISC is the only regularly for the digital environment through an extensive scheduled scholarly meeting devoted exclusively website and by broadcasting key sessions and events to Inuit-related issues, and the size and diversity of in streaming media with interactive communication participants makes the venue crucial to the creation techniques. and dissemination of knowledge and public policy. Goals Inclusion of a broad spectrum of scholars The location of the conference at the Smithsonian in and scientists as well as Inuit cultural leaders and Washington DC gives us an extraordinary opportunity politicians in the ISC will ensure that top-quality for attracting high-level scholars and Native leaders. information and local knowledge is available for Content The conference will focus on distribution to a wide sector of society. A central feature ASC Newsletter 5 of the ISC conference is the inclusion of all brands Siberian Native people. of knowledge, from the sciences and humanities, in a Program Committees Conference planning single meeting. Among specific goals are: to convene a has been undertaken by a Smithsonian-based group meeting of experts, scientists, northern Native people, led by William Fitzhugh (Conference Chair and and students from all over the world, from a diverse Director, ASC) and Igor Krupnik (Program Chair background of disciplines, to discuss issues related and Curator, ASC). Other members include Judith to the changing Arctic environment and its impact on Burch (Arctic Inuit Art specialist, ASC Research Inuit culture and society, health and cultural heritage; to Collaborator and curator, Culture on Cloth exhibition); present the results of the latest research on climate and Bernadette Driscoll Engelstad (Arctic Inuit Art environmental change and to raise scholarly and public specialist and curator of Celebrating Nunavut: Inuit awareness through exhibits and public events; through Art From the Canadian Arctic); Joan Gero (Emeritus first-hand reporting by scientists and northern residents Anthropologist, American University); Douglas of messages “from the top of the Herman (Senior Geographer, world,” to educate federal, state, National Museum of the American and provincial agencies and other Indian, Indigenous Geography key stakeholders in Washington, specialist); Stephen Loring DC about issues affecting Inuit (Museum Anthropologist, Arctic people; and to disseminate Studies Center); Lauren Marr scholarly proceedings and reports (ISC-18 Conference Secretariat, through print and electronic media. ASC), and Laura Fleming Background The Inuit (Program Specialist, ASC). Studies Conferences originated An Inuit Advisory Board with the non-profit Inuksiutiit advises conference planners Katimajiit Association (IKA) on matters of program, organized in 1974 by a group communication, fund-raising, of scholars at the Université and Inuit participation. IAB Laval in Quebec to promote a Committee members include broad range of studies in history, Aqqaluk Lynge (Chair, Inuit linguistics, arts, media, education, Circumpolar Council/ICC) anthropology, community Caribou at Kamestastin, Northern Labrador, Willie Hensley (founder, NANA research, and other fields related 2005. Photo: Stephen Loring Regional Corporation), Nancy to Inuit (Eskimo) people. In Karetak-Lindell (former Nunavut 1977, the group launched a bi-lingual (English- parliament member and Director, Jane Glassco Arctic French) scholarly journal called Etudes/Inuit/Studies Fellowship Program), and Vera Metcalf (Eskimo (http://www.fss.ulaval.ca/etudes-inuit-studies). Walrus Commission, Kawerak, Inc.). Since 1978, the IKA has organized a scholarly ‘Inuit To extend the reach of the conference to students Studies’ conference (ISC) every two years. ISC is the (high school and beyond), the ISC committee plans to largest and most inclusive forum for Inuit studies, engage a number of outreach partners including the and its geographic scope encompasses Inuit territories United States National Park Service Regional Offices, from northeastern Russia to Alaska, Canada, and Alaska’s superintendents, Alaska Department of Greenland— covering nearly half of the circumpolar Education’s Public Information Officer, Alaska Science region. Previous ISC meetings have been held in many Teachers Association, Aboriginal Education Outreach cities throughout Canada, as well as in Alaska (twice), Program based in Canada, Boy scouts of America, Girl Copenhagen, Nuuk, Greenland, and Paris in 2005. Scouts of America, Scouts Canada, 4-H in the United The conference has never been held in the continental States and Canada and almost one hundred U.S. Its biennial meetings generally attract 150-300 Universities and Colleges affiliated or located in the scholars, and political and cultural leaders, and in North. recent years, a growing number of Native (especially Sponsors we are grateful for the generous Inuit) participants from Russia, Alaska, Canada, and support of the following entities: the National Science Greenland. We expect a Smithsonian/Washington Foundation, Toronto Dominion (TD) Bank, Trust for venue will attract 400-500 participants. Starting Mutual Understanding, Arctic Research Commission, from the very first conferences, the initial group of NOAA, Smithsonian Institution and other entities and participants including Inuit scholars, educators, cultural individuals. All conference sponsors will be included in activists and political leaders from Canada, Alaska our program and on our conference website. and Greenland has expanded to include other Northern To register please visit the conference website at indigenous people, such as Scandinavian Sámi and https://www.mnh.si.edu/arctic/ISC18/index.html 6 ASC Newsletter

ASC ANCHORAGE

St. Lawrence Island Yupik Language for study in the CCR. The objects stimulated in-depth Workshop Yupik language commentaries that were recorded By Aron Crowell both as group discussions and as individual on-camera presentations. Ralph Apatiki, Merlin Koonooka, The Yupik and Iñupiaq languages of Bering Strait, and John Apassingok shared extensive information each representing a vast endowment of Arctic culture, and vocabulary related to tools and weapons for history, and knowledge, are diminishing. UNESCO’s hunting and traveling on the sea ice, including a Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger considers traditional walrus harpoon and a sled used for hauling the several dialects of both to be definitely or severely skin-covered hunting boats. Lydia Apatiki, Elaine endangered based on the Kingeekuk, Vera Metcalf, and declining number and Angela Larson commented increasing age of fluent extensively on the design speakers. The Yupik spoken and making of skin boots (in on St. Lawrence Island and its many styles), bird and seal close cousin, the Chaplinsky intestine parkas, and other dialect of northeastern clothing. Chukotka, are perhaps more Together the group fortunate than others, with a reconstructed memories combined total of some 1300 of how to play the lively speakers. However, few under circumpolar “bird game” 30 have a complete command using carved walrus ivory of the language and most birds (meteghlluwaaghet). children are no longer learning After looking at museum Yupik as their mother tongue. examples, Elaine brought The Arctic Studies out her own set for a round Center is seeking to assist of play. Players throw down community-based educational the birds like dice, some of efforts to revitalize Bering Merlin Koonooka and Ralph Apatiki, Sr. examine a which land upright on their Strait languages as part of the drum from the National Museum of the American Indian flat bottoms (meaning they Smithsonian’s Recovering collection. Photo: Dawn Biddison. are “alive”) while others (the Voices initiative, funded by a dead birds) tip on their sides. current grant from the National Park Service’s Shared Play rotates around the circle of players as each collects Beringian Heritage Program. Under the grant, ASC winning birds and “wrestles” them against the birds is hosting workshops to record indigenous languages held by others. Rapid Yupik repartee accompanied the and the knowledge they embody, and from these action in the CCR – redubbed Yupik Las Vegas – and discussions with fluent speakers will produce two ended with winner Chris Koonooka holding the entire video series for use in K-12 language education. For set. the latest workshop in January 2012, Yupik language Altogether the workshop yielded over 20 hours educator Chris Koonooka of the Bering Straits School of fluent Yupik discussion on a wide range of cultural District joined a distinguished delegation from St. and historical topics, providing rich content for the Lawrence Island including Ralph Apatiki Sr., John edited teaching videos and accompanying teacher’s Apassingok, Lydia Apatiki, Elaine Kingeekuk, guide. Over the next year ASC staff will work with Angela Larson, Merlin Koonooka, Vera Metcalf, Chris Koonooka on translation, transcription, and and Jonella Larson. Vera Kaneshiro was unable to production of these materials. The Anchorage Museum attend because of illness, despite her enthusiasm for the co-hosted the workshop, and its collections staff project and its connection to her life’s work in sharing including Monica Shah, Darian LaTocha, Julie St. Lawrence Island culture, language, and heritage. Farnham, and Ryan Kenny brought the objects from Sessions were held in the Community Consultation their cases and presented them to the group. ASC intern Room (CCR) of the Living Our Cultures, Sharing Molly Johansson ably assisted throughout the week Our Heritage: The First Peoples of Alaska exhibition and is helping Chris Koonooka and Dawn Biddison gallery at the Anchorage Museum. Beautiful and to produce the edited digital files and transcripts. historic St. Lawrence Island objects – many acquired We thank the National Park Service for its generous by Smithsonian collectors Edward Nelson in 1881 and support and Kawerak, Inc. as our regional partner in Riley Moore in 1912 – were taken from the display producing the Yupik language workshop. ASC Newsletter 7

Alaska Native Film Festival Online Resources By Dawn Biddison By Dawn Biddison

On Sunday October 16th, just prior On the NMNH YouTube page, there to the annual Alaska Federation of are short films based on public Natives conference, the Alaska office programs at ASC-Alaska that of the Arctic Studies Center (ASC- continues to grow. Go to the Living AK) hosted a film festival featuring Our Cultures featured playlist. You new works by and about Alaska can now learn about the artistry and Native peoples. Emerging indigenous history of Aleutian Islands bentwood filmmakers presented their pieces, hunting hats from Unangax (Aleut) shared behind-the-scenes stories, artist Patty Lekanoff-Gregory, or and talked about opportunities in the listen to Iñupiaq elders speaking in field. Highlights included the wryly their language as part of the NMNH humorous “Native Time,” written and Recovering Voices program. These acted by Jack Dalton (Yup’ik), and films represent three series of public an appearance by director Rachel programs: language workshops, Naninaaq Edwardson (Iñupiaq), who cultural heritage workshops, showed her “Barrow Duck-In” protest and Smithsonian Spotlight talks. documentary and offered a sneak peak Iñupiaq athlete Elizabeth Rexford Upcoming posts will also present at a work in progress, “History of the performing the one arm reach from the collaborative research behind Iñupiat: Project Chariot” about the Games of the North. Photo courtesy the exhibition. These films and more Atomic Energy Commission’s 1950s of Steven Alvarez. are also available on the Recovering plans to blast a harbor at Point Hope Voices iTunesU page. using nuclear bombs. Steven Alvarez of the Alaska Native Heritage Center emceed the event, which was Athabascan Snowshoe Artists organized by Dawn Biddison with support from the Residency Anchorage Museum and Anchorage International Film By Aron Crowell Festival. In addition to the film program on October 16th, The Alaska office of the Arctic Studies Center hosted ASC-AK hosted a book signing with National Book an Athabascan Snowshoe Master Artists Workshop Award nominee Debby Dahl Edwardson to celebrate at the Anchorage Museum on May 2 – 6, 2011 with her new publication My Name is Not Easy, a young- funding from the Smithsonian Recovering Voices adults novel about the boarding school experience. program, the Alaska State Council on the Arts, and National Endowment for the Arts. Snowshoe builders Evening for Educators George Albert (of Ruby, AK), George “Butch” Yaska By Dawn Biddison (Huslia), and Trimble Gilbert (Arctic Village) spent a week in joint residence at the Arctic Studies Center On October 27th, ASC-Alaska hosted an evening for exhibition gallery, working in arts production space to K-12 teachers from the Anchorage School District construct traditional birch snowshoe frames strung with to inform them about new school tours and field trip intricately-patterned moose and caribou hide mesh. opportunities in connection with the exhibition Living The three distinguished makers taught the technique Our Cultures, Sharing Our Heritage: The First Peoples to apprentices from their communities, recorded the of Alaska. Aron Crowell and Dawn Biddison gave a terminology of their craft in the Gwich’in and Koyukon tour of the gallery and provided overviews of exhibit, languages, interpreted 19th century snowshoes on film, print, and on-line resources. Teachers watched display in the Living Our Cultures gallery, and gave a film about the recent ASC Athabascan snowshoe extended interviews to document the cultural practices makers’ residency and learned about other educational and beliefs that surround this focal item of Athabascan films now available on the NMNH YouTube page culture. Apprentices Al Yatlin (Huslia), Daniel Tritt and through the Smithsonian iTunes University. Each (Arctic Village), and William McCarty (Ruby) each teacher received an exhibit catalog, teacher’s guide, completed his own set of snowshoes by the end of the and set of lesson plans for use in the classroom and workshop. on future visits with their students. This event is Throughout the week the artists demonstrated their part of a growing collaboration between the Arctic work to public visitors and met with over 250 middle- Studies Center and the Anchorage Museum to create school students who had just completed a science unit educational materials for the Living Our Cultures on snowshoe physics, arranged in advance with the exhibition and ASC public programs. 8 ASC Newsletter

Anchorage School District. front of Hubbard Glacier Speaking in English and his each spring to give birth native Gwich’in, Trimble to their pups on floating Gilbert related how Snowshoe glacier ice. Old hunting Hare first taught human camps dot the shores of the beings to make and use these bay, progressively younger implements to spread out toward its head because of their weight on top of soft the glacier’s steady retreat snow, just like the hare’s own since A.D. 1100. wide foot pads. The project was inspired The workshop was by George Ramos Sr. – professionally videorecorded Tłuknaxadi Tlingit clan elder for an Arctic Studies Center and traditional scholar – who documentary film and Athabascan showshoe artists and apprentices with their learned the names, histories, multilingual print publication, completed work. Left to right back: Al Yaska, Daniel Tritt, and locations of ancestral and the event received Trimble Gilbert, William McCarty. Left to right front: sealing camps during his wide media coverage. The George Yaska, George Albert. training as a young seal master-apprentice teams hunter and commented that will continue to work together in their home villages some of them must be of great age because of their to complete the training process. The snowshoe distance from the modern glacial front. Studying them, workshop was a pilot project to test the concept of he suggested, would be an important pathway into the master artist residencies as a format for documenting history of the Yakutat people. endangered indigenous knowledge and languages. The The National Science Foundation-supported Arctic Studies Center anticipates future workshops on research effort proposes that the recession of Hubbard a diverse range of other Alaska Native arts including Glacier opened up one of the largest ice floe seal Unanga bentwood hunting hats (coming March 5 – 9, rookeries in the Gulf of Alaska, attracting indigenous 2012), Sugpiaq and Yup’ik fish skin and seal intestine groups from all around the eastern Gulf of Alaska. clothing, Tlingit spruce root basketry, and more. Successive waves of Sugpiaq, Eyak, Ahtna, and Tlingit Please share the excitement of the snowshoe migration over the centuries yielded Yakutat’s complex project by viewing a video of the event on the National cultural and linguistic blend and led to a unique Museum of Natural History’s iTunes University page at interethnic system of access rights to the seal harvest. http://itunes.apple.com/us/institution/smithsonian- Multilingual oral traditions and place names encode the national-museum/id393005739. Link to “Recovering histories of the old sealing camps and can be matched Voices” and then the “Athabascan Snowshoe Makers with the radiocarbon dates and material data of Residency.” Other films featuring Arctic Studies archaeology. House remains and spatial layouts express Center research and education projects are on the same the social organization of hunting, and artifacts and seal playlist. bones from the sites will provide an eco-systemic and behavioral record of human-seal interaction over time. The Glacier’s Eternal Gift: Community interviews with seal hunters and elders Traditional Ice Floe Sealing at kicked off the project in June Yakutat Bay 2011, followed by two weeks By Aron L. Crowell of preliminary archaeological investigations at several Current Arctic Studies 19th century sealing camps Center research in southeast near the present glacial Alaska is joining Tlingit, front. The U.S. Forest Eyak, and Ahtna oral Service (Tongass National tradition to archaeology and Forest) and Yakutat Tlingit paleoenvironmental science Tribe generously assisted to explore the intriguing 900- the project, which includes year relationship between senior researcher Elaine people, seals, and glaciers Abraham (Tlingit-Ahtna in Yakutat Bay. Both now indigenous scholar and chair and for centuries in the of the Alaska Native Science past, Yakutat hunters have George Ramos, Sr., Tlingit offering ceremony in thanks to Commission), anthropologist harvested harbor seals that Steve Langdon (University mass in large numbers in the glacier. Photo: Aron Crowell. ASC Newsletter 9 of Alaska Anchorage), show the busy activities of and Tlingit graduate the camp, the long line of student Judith Ramos tents along the shore, and (Adaptation and Resiliency dozens of canoes pulled Program, University of up on the beach. Alaska Fairbanks). I am The area looks very the principal investigator different today and it under the current NSF took days of searching to EAGER grant, and will be find remnants of the old joined by geologist Daniel camp on an earthquake- H. Mann (Geography lifted terrace, well back Program, University of from the present beach Alaska Fairbanks) as Co- and completely covered PI as part of a pending with tangled alder brush three-year National and devil’s club. Artifacts Tim Johnson and David Ramos excavating at Keik’ulyiaa seal Science Foundation camp, 2011. Photo: Rachel Myron. found there included rifle grant. Mann’s work will cartridges dating from focus on the glacial and 1886 to 1907, a rubber paleoenvironmental history of the bay, as well as the boot with an 1872 manufacturing stamp, iron nails, impacts of earthquakes that have uplifted parts of the tools, cooking gear, and glass trade beads. Hacking shoreline and shifted the locations of the old camps in through the thorny brush with machetes we discovered relation to the sea. the rock outline of one of the old tents, filled with We made our field camp this June (2011) at one artifacts. The physical presence of this structure merged of the largest of the 19th century camps, just north with the Curtis images and elders’ stories to vividly of Point Latouche. From this vantage point Hubbard recreate a century-old scene of camp life. We were no Glacier appears as a six mile-wide wall of ice, rumbling less excited to realize that dozens of faintly visible lines with constant motion and spewing house-sized huge on the stony beach in front of camp were old “canoe chunks of blue, white, and rock-crusted ice into the paths” that had been cleared of large rocks to allow the frigid waters of the bay. Seal pups call constantly from hunting boats to be pulled ashore. the floes, their cries faintly audible amid the sounds of We are deeply grateful to Yakutat elders George waves, wind, and ice. Ramos, Elaine Abraham, Lena Farkas, Ted Valle, We traveled with George Ramos to nearby camps and Raymond Sensemeier for sharing their historical and recorded his descriptions of the traditional hunt. and cultural knowledge with us, and hope to continue Hunters camouflaged themselves in white clothing this work with them in the future. Thanks as well go and used small dugout canoes to approach the seals to the Yakutat Tlingit Tribe for their hospitality and among the ice floes, killing them with spears and later opportunity to give a community presentation at the guns. To make a final, silent approach they employed school. small underwater paddles or their waterproof-mittened This year’s field team included Seward-based hands. Today’s hunters travel in motorized skiffs and archaeologist and field coordinatorMark Luttrell; use small caliber, low-noise rifle rounds to pick off the U.S. Forest Service archaeologists Myra Gilliam and “watcher” or sentry in a group of sleeping seals before Rachel Myron; veteran volunteer Tim Johnson of shooting others one by one. Extensive knowledge of Seward; guide and mentor David Ramos of Yakutat; local currents, tides, and weather is required for hunting volunteer Lucretia Fairchild; and videographers success and safety in the moving pack. Hunters watch Brandon McElroy and Aron Johnson of Progressive for signs of a recurring strong current out of Russell Media Alaska. Fiord that can split the pack open, giving access by boat to seals in the center of the field. In the days of ASC ANCHORAGE INTERNS & FELLOWS canoe hunting, getting trapped and crushed in the By Dawn Biddison packed, shifting ice was a constant danger. The sealing camp where we stayed, called Olaug Irene Rosvik Andreassen began a six month Keik’ulyiaa, once housed scores of Yakutat families Smithsonian Museum Practice Fellowship in April, in cloth tents and bark-covered shelters. The women starting at the Arctic Studies Center in Anchorage and worked there to cut and flense the seals, render their then moving to DC in August to complete her work blubber, and prepare the hides. Photographs by at the ASC office at NMNH. Her research has been Edward W. Curtis, who visited Keik’ulyiaa (Indian on how the Smithsonian collaborates with source Camp Creek) in 1899 with the Harriman Expedition, communities and the collection digitization processes. 10 ASC Newsletter

In Anchorage she studied the Living was the summer documentary films Our Cultures exhibition project, and in intern and worked with ASC staff and D.C. she is looked at the planning for Smithsonian Spotlight speakers to create the Recovering Voices program. For six short films. Four of his films are based more information on her project, you can on the Dena’ina Language Workshop, contact her at [email protected]. including a a general overview of the Kaare Erickson began his project and language learning films internship in February as the Living Our based on objects from the Smithsonian Cultures public programming assistant. collections. He assisted with the Iñupiaq Language The films also present information workshop, created a database for the Olaug Andreassen about each object provided by film footage from the week-long event, community members, with archival and completed transcript frameworks for images and film footage. These films translation work, in addition to working are the first in a series that represents on website entries. Kaare continued one of the ASC’s major initiatives under his spring internship into the summer, the NMNH Recovering Voices program. cataloging the library of over 2000 Michael’s other two films are based on volumes donated to ASC by Ernest Smithsonian Spotlight presentations. “Tiger” Burch, before heading north “The Artistry and History of Aleutian for a field season of archaeology work Islands Bentwood Hats” is based on July at the Cape Espenberg Archaeology talk given by Unangax (Aleut) artist and Project located outside of Shishmaref, educator Patty Lekanoff-Gregory. The where his grandmother was born and Kaare Erickson in the field at second film, “The Artistry of Tlingit raised in a sod house. Kaare, raised on Cape Espenberg. Weaving,” is based on the August talk the Norton Sound and of Iñupiaq and given by Tlingit artists Teri Rofkar and Scandinavian decent, is an MA student Shelly Laws and also includes footage in Anthropology at the University of from a visit to Shelly’s studio and their Alaska Anchorage, and his position is examination of an NMAI basket. These funded by the Arctic Slope Regional films are available on the NMNH You Corporation. Tube page in the Living Our Cultures Heather McClain began her section and on the Recovering Voices internship in February as the Sharing iTunes U page. Knowledge website and Living Our Maureen Adele Coyle was the fall Cultures gallery interactives assistant 2011 documentary films intern and is and continued her internship through Heather McClain a multimedia photography graduate the summer, then she began graduate student at the S.I. Newhouse School of school, with a full scholarship, at the Public Communications at Syracuse University of Denver to pursue an MA in University. In addition to re-editing and Anthropology, with a focus in Museum improving the Yup’ik bowl film playing and Heritage Studies. Her research in the Living Our Cultures exhibit, interest is on how museums approach Maureen also filmed and photographed issues of language preservation while Sugpiaq artist Andrew Abyo during his working with source communities. Smithsonian Spotlight talk and in his While at ASC, she created content for workshop. She produced a short film the Sharing Knowledge website and for the exhibit and online at the NMNH Living Our Cultures gallery interactives, Michael Desautels You Tube and Recovering Voices iTunes and she worked with Dena’ina historian U sites, as well as a longer film for her Aaron Leggett to create a podcast Master’s program. Prior to her work for the gallery that is available on the at ASC, she interned at the Charlotte NMNH podcasts page. Heather also Observer where she covered a wide range acted as second camera for public of topics, including sports, the arts and programs film work with documentary the effects of foster care on a family. films intern Michael Desautels. Maureen hopes to receive her degree in Michael Desautels is a science May 2012 after completing her Master’s teacher at Georgetown Day School in project in Death Valley. To learn more Washington, D.C., as well as an amateur about her work, visit her website at photographer and filmmaker. Michael Maureen Adele Coyle http://www.maureencoyle.net. ASC Newsletter 11

EXHIBITS

Arctic Journeys/Ancient Memories: The caricature of an imagined animal; or watching John Sculpture of Abraham Anghik Ruben Kavik work in the confines of his bedroom, his By Bernadette Driscoll Engelstad daughter voicing her concern about the soapstone dust floating about the room. Abraham’s studio is a large With the coastal mountains of British Columbia in free-standing building with gabled roof and cathedral- the background and the ocean below, I leaned over height ceiling, and is equipped with a professional to my companion, artist Abraham Anghik Ruben, ventilation system. It is a studio that provides space to “This as close as anyone comes to being a bird!” The dream, to carry out large-scale sculptures of imagined floatplane angled down, and skimming across the images -- the studio of an artist dedicating his life and surface of the water, drew up beside a wooden dock personal resources to his art . . . an artist with a solid to pick up another passenger – a student on his way to sense of place in the contemporary art world. visit family in Iqaluit. In the air once again, the pilot Living with his family in British Columbia, turned toward Vancouver, the city skyline growing Abraham makes frequent visits to the North, sharper in the distance. After a water-landing beside maintaining close ties with family and the Inuvialuit the airport, Abraham and community in the I set out for the Museum western Arctic. His of Anthropology at the connection to the North University of British serves as a vital source Columbia to meet with of inspiration in his curator (and former ASC work, occasionally fellow), Susan Rowley; providing raw material then headed downtown for his sculpture. A to visit with private whale skull discovered collectors of Abraham’s by fellow hunters sculpture. packed into an ice Reviewing a selection ridge along the shore of private, corporate, has been transformed and museum collections into the imposing of Abraham’s work in sculpture, “Memories Toronto, Winnipeg, Abraham Anghik Ruben at work in his studio. Photo: Bernadette of an Ancient Past,” its and Vancouver, laid Driscoll Engelstad. fluid images of Sedna, the foundation for shamans, drummers, the upcoming exhibition, Arctic Journeys/Ancient and transformed figures recreating a visual reference of Memories: The Sculpture of Abraham Anghik Inuvialuit cultural history. An impressive sculpture in Ruben. Organized by the Arctic Studies Center and size, material, and aesthetic vision, it will be on view the National Museum of the American Indian, with at the conference headquarters in the S. Dillon Ripley the assistance of the Kipling Gallery in Toronto, Center before joining the exhibition at the National the exhibition highlights sculptures by the artist Museum of the American Indian. Two recently carved in stone, bronze, ivory, and whalebone focusing ivory narwhal tusks depicting scenes drawn from the on the prehistory and cultural legacy of the Arctic. ancestral past of both Vikings and Inuvialuit will be Individual works inspired by Viking expeditions to pivotal elements of the exhibition. Harvested by local North America, and archaeological evidence of Norse hunters off the northern coast of Baffin Island, the tusks habitations in Newfoundland and the eastern Arctic, were acquired from the community cooperative at Pond complement a body of work portraying Inuvialuit Inlet, a region long been known for the narwhals which mythology, oral tradition, migration, whaling history, gather each summer. Community hunters harvest and settlement life in the Mackenzie Delta region. narwhal as a valued food resource, and its blubber Opening September 21, 2012, the exhibit will be a core (mattak), remains a regional delicacy. Narwhal tusks component of the 18th Inuit Studies Conference to be have been traded into northern Europe since the Middle held in Washington, D.C. in late October. Ages, figuring prominently in cathedral as well as royal My visit to Abraham’s studio on Salt Spring collections. In fact, it was the long, spiral narwhal tusk Island off the coast of British Columbia provides a that gave rise to the secular mythology of the unicorn, sharp contrast to memories of visiting with an earlier creating a tradition of its own in western European generation of Inuit artists: sitting with Andy Miki art history. In the artist’s hands, indigenous materials outside his home in Arviat as he shaped a hand-held of whalebone and ivory impart their own biography 12 ASC Newsletter and history of seasonal migration – their own vitality Heritage: The First Peoples of Alaska (2010: edited and primal connection with the Arctic -- to his work, by Aron Crowell, Rosita Worl, Paul Ongtooguk, shaping a cultural legacy for present and future and Dawn Biddison) – in addition to the exhibition generations. catalogues describing Yup’ik cultural history, prepared Abraham’s life experience (and that of his peers) by ASC Research Associate, Ann Fienup-Riordan contrasts sharply with the nomadic camp life of in collaboration with Marie Meade and the Calista an older generation of Inuit artists. Raised in the Elders Council – have become invaluable resources settlement of Paulatuk, Abraham attended residential for creative artists across Alaska and northern Canada, school in Inuvik, the regional educational and pushing intellectual curiosity, historical knowledge, and government center, as well as industry headquarters artistic vision in new and rewarding directions. for mining, oil, and gas development, in the western The Arctic Studies Center and the National Canadian Arctic. Seeking out formal art training, he Museum of the American Indian are proud to present worked with the well-respected Inupiat artist, Ron the exhibition, Arctic Journeys/Ancient Memories: The Senungetuk, founder of the Native Arts Center, a Sculpture of Abraham Anghik Ruben, in the Sealaska studio for training young artists at the University Gallery at NMAI from September 21, 2012 to January of Alaska, Fairbanks. By the late 1970s, Abraham 2, 2013. We appreciate the generosity of the lenders began to exhibit in commercial galleries in Toronto, and the assistance of the Kipling Gallery in making this Vancouver, and New York. Group exhibitions followed exhibition possible. in museums across Canada, the United States, and, most memorably, in Yakutsk, Siberia. Solo exhibitions Culture on Cloth: a World-touring followed, notably at The Winnipeg Art Gallery in 2001, exhibition on display dURING THE iNUIT and, most recently, at the Art Gallery of Mississauga, sTUDIES cONFERENCE Shaman’s Dreams (2010). Several of the artist’s works By Judith Burch are included in the landmark exhibition presented by the Art Gallery of Ontario, Inuit Modern: The Culture on Cloth, an educational program celebrating Collection of Samuel and Esther Sarick (2011), now the Inuit, has been flying around the world, touching on view at the McCord Museum in Montreal. Six of audiences and bridging cultures. The collection is Abraham’s sculptures from the Fowler Collection, part comprised of 19 wall hangings created by women of of the permanent collection of the DeYoung Museum the settlement of Baker Lake -- Nunavut’s only inland in San Francisco, are currently on display in the community. The exhibition is often accompanied by Museum’s entrance foyer. lectures and hosted by universities and museums. Throughout his career, Abraham has worked with While most of the artists represented in the exhibition the complementary themes of journeying and cultural are deceased, they are immortalized as their stories and memory. With exceptional insight, his art explores culture as embroidered arts continue to be shared with the complex and multi-faceted journey of the human people across continents. experience, in solitude and in community. Thematic The exhibit’s recent adventure into South America threads of earlier work find their way reworked and was sponsored and coordinated by the Canadian rewoven in the present, creating a visual tradition that Embassy in Buenos Aires. The exhibition was hosted gives shape and meaning to the oral tradition of his in the museum in Neuquen, Patagonia. The program ancestors. Abraham’s keen interest in the prehistory began with a talk by the museum director, followed by and cultural heritage of the circumpolar region parallels the customary introduction to the exhibition. Later, as a that of the Arctic Studies Center. He has worked guest at the local university, we introduced photographs closely with the Arctic collections at the Smithsonian, and stories behind the art in order to introduce the life sharing his knowledge generously with curators and of people in the North. The students saw images of staff. He has also found inspiration in the scholarly hunters and the hunted, family and mother-child images exhibits organized by curator, Bill Fitzhugh, and as well as shamanism and transformation images. Smithsonian colleagues/co-authors over the past thirty These were represented also in prints, sculpture and years. In fact, the research catalogues documenting textiles. In addition, they heard stories collected by these exhibitions: Inua: Spirit World of the Bering Rasmussen during the 5th Thule Expedition and Sea Eskimo (1982; with Susan Kaplan); Crossroads learned who populated the North originally. of Continents: Cultures of Siberia and Alaska (1988; The program included a visit to meet Mapuche with Aron Crowell); Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga textile artists for comparison with the Arctic tapestries. (2000; with Elizabeth Ward); Looking Both Ways: This cross-cultural part of the program introduced and Heritage and Identity of the Alutiiq People (2001: explained the symbolism and the stories depicted in edited by Aron Crowell, Amy Steffian, and Gordon the Mapuche work. It was a privilege to feel the link Pullar); and Living Our Cultures/ Sharing Our between Arctic women and South American women ASC Newsletter 13 spanning this hemisphere -- generations of women who questioned my judgment! as sisters have been similarly devoted to keeping these Culture on Cloth has been an exceptionally traditions alive in their respective communities. accessible tool for sharing the Arctic with people From Neuquen, the program extended to Mendoza around the world. The 19 wall hangings from at the foot of the Andes where Canadian Studies Baker Lake have excited and educated viewers professors were awaiting to host. One had served as almost everywhere. Massive numbers have been Canada’s cultural affairs officer in Mendoza so was tallied. Mexico alone had over 7,000 people view very familiar with the Inuit and particularly enthusiastic the program, China 45,000, Mongolia 5,000, France to further the outreach mission of the program. In the 5,000, Russia over 12,000, Latvia 8,000 and on and future, four more venues are being made available to on. The brochure/catalogue has been translated into 12 display the exhibition. We are planning to share the languages. Inuit textiles and the special cultural lessons from the Culture On Cloth will be on display in the S. North throughout Mendoza and clear to Tierra del Dillon Ripley Center at the Smithsonian Institution Fuego. from October to January 2013 to coincide with the The next stop of the program was Buenos Aires, Inuit Studies Conference which will be held on the where Culture on Cloth was introduced by the Smithsonian campus from October 24 to 28, 2012. Canadian Ambassador and the program was included in the context of a special book symposium. This Buenos Aires event marked the program’s transition 4 hours Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre away to Rosario, where the program included a team Launches Innovative Virtual Museum of academics at the Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Exhibit Here Culture on Cloth assumed the form of a round table discussion about Nunavut, its people and their [Taken from ICRC press release] art. The program included a classroom lecture with legends and images of the Arctic. Much to my surprise The Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre in Inuvik, to this day, the head of the department later invited me N.W.T., is proud to annouce the official launch of to serve as a visiting professor and presented a contract the virtual exhibit Inuvialuit Pitqusiit Inuuniarutait: for my consideration. I was touched and tempted until Inuvialuit Living History, produced in collaboration I saw the heading “Smithsonian Canada!” It seems with the Smithsonian Institution's Arctic Studies that something about my training and institutional Centre, the Department of Canadian Heritage's experience was lost in translation, not to mention the Museum Assistance Program, and project partners. The misunderstanding about the Smithsonian’s country! project represents the digital return of a Smithsonian Lunch and dinners with the collection to its ancestral home, and provides a faculty certainly indicated the platform for documenting strong and sustainable interest and sharing contemporary they have in the Arctic. Inuvialuit knowledge of Following Argentina, the stunning objects. The the program arrived in exhibit illuminates the Trinidad where a series MacFarlane Collection, a of public exhibitions and significant assemblage of related events once again nearly 5000 natural history made headlines. Due to the specimens, such as birds’ visual accessibility of the art eggs and animal skeletons, form, in some instances the and an additional 300 program is displayed without cultural objects collected my direct leadership. In the by Hudson’s Bay trader case of the recent program in Roderick MacFarlane from Trinidad, my attendance was Anderson River Inuvialuit not possible due to a board in the 1860s. Inuvialuit NMNH-E0024545 (04A) from the MacFarlane Collection. meeting of Nunavut Arts and Living History aims to Crafts Association (NACA). bring these objects back Unfortunately, I decided that it was more into Inuvialuit cultural life once again, and includes appropriate to be in Baffin Island than enjoying the sun lesson plans for elementary and high school students in Trinidad. When I arrived in frigid Iqaluit, I thought that highlight Inuvialuit traditional knowledge and the about missing the joy of sharing Arctic traditions with history of the Anderson River region. To learn more other cultures that are on islands basking in the sun, I visit http://inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca/ 14 ASC Newsletter

Boreal Forest Exhibition Planning most iconic song-birds and waterfowl), caribou, wolves Takes a Great Step Forward and bears. In addition to the Boreal’s contribution to By Stephen Loring biodiversity, the forest plays a fundamental role in global climate regimes as a critical carbon sink. For several years now the Arctic Studies Center and Not only is the Boreal Forest an important WREAF (Wilderness River Expedition Art Foundation) ecosystem, it figures significantly in global economies have been working towards developing a major (minerals, forest products, fresh water) and energy exhibition on the boreal forest at the Smithsonian’s production (containing important reserves of oil – National Museum of Natural History. The genesis of including Alberta’s “tar sands”, gas and hydro-electric the exhibit came from WREAF’s founding director power). As well, the forest is the traditional homeland Robert Mullen of Bolton, Vermont. As an artist of numerous native groups, in Siberia, Alaska and and wilderness traveler Mullen, and a small cadre Canada, who provide an important lens into human of fellow canoeists and artists, have for more than history. a decade been exploring the wilderness rivers of Not surprisingly the Boreal Forest has been a place

Joanie McGuffin in front of the vastness of the Boreal forest. Photo: Gary McGuffin. northern Canada. Mullen had been inspired by the of inspiration for artists, poets and writers including NMNH’s 1987 precedent-setting exhibition of Robert the Canadian Group of Seven (an extraordinary cadre Bateman’s wildlife paintings – Portraits of Nature – of impressionist painters who played a significant role that was instrumental in expanding an awareness and in Canadian art history) and Norval Morrisseau (an appreciation of wildlife art in the public arena and he Ojibwa artist, founder of the Eastern Woodland school wondered if a similar exhibition, focusing on artwork of painting) who have brought attention to the beauty done in and about the boreal forest, might help serve and grandeur of the northern Canadian forest and as a catalyst for sparking a similar appreciation and created some of its most iconic images. awareness of the boreal forest. Unlike the great tropical Our interest in preparing an exhibition on the boreal forests of the equatorial regions the significance of the forest expands on these three interconnected threads Boreal Forest is poorly understood in the United States. of inquiry: a scientific perspective that recognizes Ringing the globe from northern Scandinavia, Russia, the significance of the boreal forest regions from a Alaska and Canada the Boreal Forest is the largest variety of scientific, ecological, biological, climatic and intact forest ecosystem on the planet. It contains eighty public policy perspectives; an indigenous perspective percent of the earth’s fresh water and provides crucial incorporating the knowledge and wisdom of First habitat for a wide range of flora and fauna including Nations and Native Alaskan boreal forest dwellers; and birds (it is the nursery for many of North America’s an artistic interpretive “visionary” perspective derived ASC Newsletter 15 from fine art and photography. Laura Fleming Together these perspectives – (Smithsonian, NMNH- Visions of the Boreal Forest— Anthropology), Amy Chan will provide a framework to (Smithsonian, NMNH- develop a sensational exhibit Anthropology), Russell championing this critical Greenberg (National environment and hopefully Zoo-Migratory Bird raising awareness of its global Center), Terry Chesser significance. (Smithsonian, NMNH- Planning a major Birds), Cheryl Braunstein traveling exhibition is an (Smithsonian, National enormous undertaking at Zoological Park), Barbara the Smithsonian including, Stauffer (Smithsonian in addition to the curatorial NMNH, Office of Exhibits), team (presently Stephen Kara Blond (Smithsonian Caribou. Pencil sketch by Robert Mullen. Loring, William Fitzhugh, NMNH, Office of Exhibits), Rob Mullen, Steven Young Lynn Kawaratani [ASC Research Associate, Center for Circumpolar (Smithsonian NMNH, Office of Exhibits), Siobhan Studies] and Russell Greenberg [from the Migratory Starrs (Smithsonian NMNH, Office of Exhibits), Bird Center at the National Zoo]), staff from the Christine Elias (Smithsonian NMNH, Office of Director’s Office, Development, Exhibitions, and Development), Bill Watson (Smithsonian NMNH, Education and Outreach. As a first step in defining the Dept. of Education), Shari Werb (Smithsonian scope and intent of the proposed exhibition the ASC- NMNH, Dept. of Education), WREAF partnership hosted two workshops at the Rich Efthim (Smithsonian NMNH, Naturalist Center), NMNH this year. The workshops were made possible Lauren Tuzzolino (Smithsonian NMNH, Dept. by the generous support from the Toronto-Dominion of Education), Carolyn McClellan (Smithsonian, Bank and from the Canadian Boreal Initiative that NMAI), Douglas Herman (Smithsonian, NMAI), enabled us to bring scholars, researchers, First Nation’s Karen McDonald (Smithsonian, SERC), Geoffrey participants, artists and conservationists to Washington “Jess” Parker (Smithsonian, SERC), Dawn Miller for several days of presentations and discussions. The (Smithsonian, SERC), Steven Young (Center for first workshop in April was intended to provide a forum Circumpolar Studies), James Vogelmann (USGS), Jeff for many of the stakeholders and to flesh out the broad Wells (Boreal Songbird Initiative, Pew International themes and messages the proposed exhibition would Boreal Conservation Campaign), Larry Innes address, as well we sought to identify the audience, (Canadian Boreal Initiative), Ray Rabliauskas (Poplar potential partners and sponsors. A follow-up meeting River First Nation), Sophia Rabliauskas (Poplar in November refined the concepts under consideration River First Nation), Gary McGuffin (WREAF), and brought Smithsonian staff from the exhibits and Joanie McGuffin (WREAF), Rob Mullen (WREAF), education/outreach on board the planning process. Bonnie Rowell (WREAF),and Scott Mullin (TD Bank The workshops provided us with the necessary Financial Group) intellectual capital to go forward and the museum’s Director’s Office has given us an enthusiastic green- Boreal Forest Exhibition light to advance planning and (gulp!) fund-raising By Robert Mullen for a 2015 opening. It promises to be an exciting and eventful next few years as this major initiative gathers In the more than ten years since I first started working momentum. on the idea of this exhibit, the Pew Charitable Trust We owe a conspicuous debt of gratitude and Environmental Group has gone from claiming the appreciation for the financial and moral support for the Boreal Forest was 90% intact, to now stating it to be preliminary planning workshops from the Toronto- 70% intact. While the exact numbers may be subject to Dominion Bank (especially to Scott Mullin and Mary differing definitions and measuring methodologies, it Desjardins in Community Relations) and from the nonetheless is a potent indication of the need to educate Canadian Boreal Initiative (Larry Innes and Tanya the public in general and policy makers in particular Moore). on the ecologic, economic and cultural dynamics of Workshop participants included: Stephen Loring the Boreal Forest. It is rather ironic that the time it has (Smithsonian, NMNH-Anthropology), William taken to bring this exhibition to the NMNH has itself, Fitzhugh (Smithsonian, NMNH-Anthropology), provided compelling evidence of why it is important to Lauren Marr (Smithsonian, NMNH-Anthropology), do so. 16 ASC Newsletter

RESEARCH

Arctic Issues in the ‘Global Climate few years, so that the IPCC team working on the 5th Change’ Debate Assessment Report is now giving much more attention By Igor Krupnik and credit to indigenous records. In 2010, in the very beginning of its new assessment process, the IPCC As the Planet Earth is changing rapidly, scientists, recommended broadening the participation of ‘regional’ policymakers, journalists, environmental activists, and experts, the inclusion of literature in various languages, general public are engaged in passionate debates about and the organization of a series of preparatory the causes and the impacts of climate change. One workshops, particularly in developing regions, to of the most authoritative voices in these debates has collect relevant local observations on climate change. been the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Nowhere is this recommendation more relevant than (IPCC), an international scientific body tasked with in the Arctic, thanks to the now established tradition the assessment of scientific of partnership in the data and evaluation of the documentation of new risks and impacts indigenous peoples’ associated with the global knowledge about environmental change. climate change. These The IPCC was established developments were in 1988 by the World featured in almost Meteorological Organization every issue of the ASC and the United Nations Newsletter since 2003. Environmental Program In 2010, the IPCC (UNEP). Its prime mission is Working Group II to produce periodic summary (“Impacts, Adaptation reports on the current and Vulnerability”) status of world’s scholarly proposed to run two knowledge about climate ‘scooping workshops’ change. The first IPCC report to assess the status of was published in 1990 and research on indigenous the most recent one, IPCC- Igor speaks at the workshop plenary session, with Minnie peoples’ knowledge 4, in three volumes, was Degawan, the second workshop co-chair, to the right. Photo: Citt of climate change released in 2007. Its team Williams. and their strategies won the Nobel Peace Prize in adaptation and in 2007 that was shared with mitigation in the the former U.S. Vice President Al Gore for their effort changing environment. The first workshops titled “…to build up and disseminate greater knowledge “Indigenous Peoples, Marginalized Populations about man-made climate change.” The IPCC is and Climate Change: Vulnerability, Adaptation and currently working on its 5th Assessment Report, also in Traditional Knowledge” took place in Mexico City on three volumes, that will be released in early 2014. July 19–21, 2011. The workshop brought together over Although the IPCC-4 report in 2007 stated that 70 international participants (out of some 300 initial indigenous peoples’ knowledge is ‘…an invaluable applicants) from across the globe; it was organized basis for developing adaptation and natural resource jointly by UNESCO, the United Nations University, management strategies in response to environmental Mexican National Institute of Ecology, and the United and other forms of change,” its actual use of indigenous Nations Development Program (UNDP). I was initially peoples’ observations and perspectives was marginal. invited to serve on the ‘international panel of experts’ The IPCC team is staffed with physical scientists, for the workshop and eventually became one of its climate modelers, and government agency people, two Co-Chairs, together with Ms. Herminia (Minnie) who commonly have little access to what world’s Degawan, an indigenous Kankanaey-Igorot activist indigenous people feel, monitor or think about climate from the Philippines. Several concurrent panels at change. Also, by 2005–2006 data and records of the workshop were chaired by Edwin Castellanos, climate change by indigenous people remained mostly Research Center for the Environment and Biodiversity inaccessible to the IPCC scientists and have not made it in Guatemala, Roger Pulwarty, Chief of the NOAA yet to the forefront of international public debate. Climate and Societal Interactions Division in Boulder, Things have changed dramatically in the past CO, Saul Vicente Vasquez, International Treaty ASC Newsletter 17

Council, Mexico, Douglas Nakashima, UNESCO, The Center for Circumpolar Studies Paris, Sam Johnson, United Nations University By Bill Fitzhugh in Tokyo, Terence Hay-Edie, United Nations Development Program in New York, Minnie Degawan, This year a new organization dedicated to research and me. and education concerning the Circumpolar World has Most of the workshop panels were organized been inaugurated by members of the former Center for along specific themes, such as, indigenous peoples’ Northern Studies (CNS) which was based in Wolcott, foundations for decision-making, livelihoods, Vermont. Founded by Oran and Steven Young and vulnerability, resilience, and water resources. Only William Osgood in Wolcott. In the early 1970s through Latin America and the small island states in Oceania to 2003, CNS conducted northern research, trained were singled for special sessions. Therefore, hearings students, and pursued educational programs throughout at the workshop commonly included information and the circumpolar region. experts from all parts of the world. The Arctic field In 2003 CNS merged with Sterling College in was represented by a small, though vocal contingent nearby Craftsbury, believing the two organizations that included James Ford, Tristan Pierce, and Maude could provide a more solid foundation for training Beaumier from the University of Guelph, Canada, students in a program of northern studies that included Nancy Maynard from NOAA, Mikhail Pogodaev, both academic and practical field experiences. The World Association of Reindeer Herders, from the Sakha new CNS-Sterling effort got off to a good start with Republic, Russia, Chie Sakakibara, University of the appointment of a CNS/SC Advisory Committee, Oklahoma, Petter Jacobsen, University of Northern initiation of a northern lecture series, and addition of British Columbia, Victoria Sharakhmatova from northern course offerings. However, shortly after the Kamchatka, Russia, besides myself and Douglas merger Sterling’s interest in developing a northern Nakashima from UNESCO, with his Ph.D. on Inuit studies program faded and the college began to ecological knowledge on Belcher Islands, Nunavut. dismantle the CNS. Staff were let go, courses were Collectively, this group shared expertise on indigenous eliminated, and during the past year Sterling announced responses to climate change in Alaska, Canada, Sámi it would sell the CNS building and its property and cull areas in Northern Scandinavia and Arctic Russia. its library for its most valuable and potentially useful Workshop participants from other parts of the world volumes. praised the Arctic scientists for their progress in Distressed at the co-opting of the CNS name, working with indigenous experts and for many useful property, and programs, a group of CNS supporters research tools that are helping scholars and indigenous have organized a new institution—the Center for communities in other regions. Circumpolar Studies—to pursue some of the old CNS The workshop main outcomes (see http://www. goals and initiate new programs. CCS has established ipmpcc.org/) include an extended technical report for a board of directors and has applied for 501(C)3 status. the Working Group II of the IPCC team to be delivered It expects to affiliate with the University of the Arctic. in early 2012 and the collection of workshop papers The CCS has initiated the Osgood Lecture Series in preparation. The former is a 50-page summary of and offers northern-themed concerts, art exhibits, what is known today regarding indigenous peoples’ and literary programs. At present the Board includes knowledge and observations of climate change, William W. Fitzhugh, Bruno Frohlich, Luke Hardt, accompanied by a massive bibliography (Nakashima, Victoria Hust, Kathleen Osgood, Eleanor Ott, and D.J., Galloway McLean, K., Thulstrup, H.D., Steven B. Young. Information on CCS programs Ramos Castillo, A. and Rubis, J.T. 2012. Indigenous can be found at [email protected] from Knowledge, Marginalized Peoples and Climate which has come the following describing the Center’s Change: Foundations for Assessment and Adaptation. mission: Technical Report prepared for the Intergovernmental THE NORTH includes the lands and seas of the Panel on Climate Change – Working Group II. Arctic Regions, the taiga or boreal forest and the UNESCO/UNU: Paris/Darwin). The latter collection seas which border these regions, as well as alpine of selected regional papers from the workshop will areas adjacent to the tundra and taiga. The purview be aimed at general audience. It will demonstrate the of the Center for Circumpolar Studies is the natural richness of the current records on indigenous peoples’ environment of these regions, the people, both responses to climate change from the world’s key indigenous and non-indigenous, who live there, and regions, including the Arctic, and will boost the role the natural, political, and cultural phenomena that of indigenous perspectives in today’s public debate on affect, and often stress, these ecosystems and human global change. communities. The guiding philosophy of The Center for Circumpolar 18 ASC Newsletter

Studies is to transcend traditional academic disciplinary especially interested in supporting early career scholars boundaries, and to combine a knowledge of the current and innovative projects. natural and cultural environment of the North with an Living in the North: CCS provides an ongoing understanding of the forces, often with roots deep in the forum for discourse regarding the unique challenges past, that have created and shaped the modern North. of living in the North. We especially encourage Goals: The Center for Circumpolar Studies seeks participation in Center activities and programs by to build on past traditions and accomplishments while residents of northern regions. recognizing the increased role being played by polar regions in the rapidly-changing modern world. At a Tuugaat Uqaaqtuaq (Ivory Stories): time of pervasive specialization and technological Ivory Drill Bows Recall Tales from complexity, CCS offers a venue for interdisciplinary the Arctic studies and humanistic approaches to understanding By Amy Chan northern lands, biota, cultures, and peoples Mission Statement: The Center for Circumpolar Dark figures drumming, paddling and throwing Studies is a private, non-profit institution for education harpoons across scenes of creamy white and mottled and research in all aspects of the natural and cultural brown appear on almost one hundred and fifty engraved environment of the Circumpolar North. drill bows in the Smithsonian National Museum of Education: CCS concentrates on university-level Natural History. Made from split walrus ivory or educational opportunities caribou antler, the drill and expects to work bows are typically strung cooperatively with the with a strip of seal hide for University of the Arctic wrapping around a wooden and other educational drill with a stone or iron tip institutions. It also is wedged into the bottom. building programs in the The upper drill end nestles K-12 range, both directly into the stone socket of a and through teacher wooden mouthpiece that education. Its public is gripped between the education program includes teeth and propelled by a lectures, workshops, bow. Used together, the and films relevant to drill bow tool complex circumpolar concerns.. can start fires, bore holes Publications: CCS in wood and engrave will publish a Journal ivory surfaces. Although devoted to exploring a number of drills and approaches to northern mouthpieces exist within issues that transcend Demonstrating how to use a drill bow. 2010. Point Hope, Alaska. Photo: Amy Chan the NMNH, the majority disciplinary boundaries. of collectors seemed drawn We are especially interested to the aesthetically detailed in speculative essays that provide springboards for bows rather than their plain accoutrements. Now over discussion of wide-ranging points of view. one hundred years since their acquisition, the bows’ Networking: In addition to maintaining a website/ scenes of whaling and hunting, daily village life and weblog, CCS sponsors professional meetings and mythological tales continue to recall important cultural symposia on circumpolar issues, often in collaboration knowledge and oral stories within today’s Alaska with other institutions. Native communities. Community of Scholars: CCS serves as a venue During my pre-doctoral fellowship in the Arctic for northern scholars (not limited to academics) to Studies Center, I am examining the function of participate in its activities through committee work, engraved drill bows as autoethnographic expression meetings, and other interactions to promote the growth or cultural signifier able to transmit information about and contributions of the Center. Arctic activities and ontologies that act as mnemonic Support and Collegiality: CCS encourages devices or visual aids to oral histories. The project individuals and other organizations with polar interests examines relationships between material culture and through cooperative efforts and administrative support oral tradition through collections-based research for projects and new initiatives. The Center plans in museums and archives and community-based to provide temporary facilities for northern scholars work within Iñupiaq communities. Drill bows form and researchers working on relevant projects. We are a unique genre of visual expression as engravings ASC Newsletter 19 reflect physical and spiritual negotiations of cultural whaling theme continues on the bow’s concave side identity through periods of rapid change and transition. which features three sets of black engravings all pairing Oral narratives connected to the engravings often a whale with an upside down umiak or kayak. Carvers shifted and became layered as bows passed between Two, Three and Four appear to have contributed to carvers, collectors and museums. This oral stratum is the paired motifs which vary in quality of line, figural particularly visible in a group of twenty-nine engraved composition, construction of whale spray and range drill bows collected by Edward W. Nelson during of fill from cross-hatch to vertical lines. The bow’s exploration of the eastern Bering Strait and northern repeated subject matter suggests its use as a template shores of Norton Sound during 1879-1880 (Accession for learning how to engrave particular motifs. Likewise, 80A00050). the whaling scene might have also reinforced a Nineteenth-century ivory drill bows from Norton particular story such as “A Long Unipkaaq” describing Sound are notable for their complex pictorial scenes a giant whale hunter told by Jimmie Killigivuk of Point with detailed motifs engraved in fine lines. At least Hope (Fienup-Riordan and Kaplan 2007). Oral stories eleven drill bows acquired by Nelson during 1879-1880 would be further ingrained into a carver’s mind each feature motifs by time he looked multiple hands down while using suggesting the a drill bow and ivory tools were saw the engraved passed down from figures animated elder carvers to through motion. sons or nephews Drill bow who subsequently E45333 reveals engraved their that objects own imagery. in Arctic Sitting with legs communities outstretched in already had the kashim, or Detail of an Ivory drill bow. Cape Nome. Collected by Edward W. Nelson. National complex social Museum of Natural History E45333. Length 42.5 cm. men’s house, lives before carvers could chat Nelson acquired and relay stories while undertaking the painstakingly them in the late nineteenth century. Thick with family slow task of engraving minute scenes on surfaces no histories and countless tales, Nelson could have wider than two centimeters. Carvers-in-training had scarcely understood the multi-modal dynamic of drill opportunity to observe tools and techniques being bows during his whirlwind collecting trips through used as sounds of splitting, sanding and scratching Norton Sound. Rather than recording engraved stories, were punctuated by stories of ancient creatures and Nelson’s energies appear focused on obtaining ivories hunting exploits. One ivory drill bow acquired by of high aesthetic quality as noted in his journal entry Nelson in Nome, NMNH E45333, vividly illustrates from August 20, 1877, “During the day a number of the unique teacher-student relationship between carvers drill bows and various ivory carvings were brought me that involved acquiring the physical skills to engrave by the natives to trade some of which were very good.” ivory motifs and the mental stamina to recall the (SIA RU007364, Series 2, Box 11) Removed from their accompanying stories. Arctic environment, Non-Native authors attempted to Wedged from a long ivory tusk, drill bow E45333 retell drill bow stories such as Walter James Hoffman is of rectangular shape with two wide and two narrow (1897) who described E45333 under the title “Whaling sides. Mottled yellow dentine appears on the convex Ships and Boats, And Visiting Natives.” side suggesting the bow’s slight curve results from the Within Arctic communities, oral stories remain ivory being incised and pulled away from the tusk’s essential tools to pass on family histories, cultural center. Two round holes are drilled on either end of the values and subsistence techniques. Contemporary bow for securing a now absent hide strap. The artistry ivory carvers draw on oral narratives for visual of at least four different engravers are revealed in the expression as noted by Iñupiaq carver and Tikigaq tightly packed scenes of figures shooting caribou, elder Henry Koonook (2010) who shares, “As an harpooning bowhead whales and paddling out to artist and carver, all my carvings come from hunting meet American whaling ships. The bow’s convex side experiences, whaling experiences, stories told by my appears to have been completed by Carver One and relatives and sometimes from dreams.” An integration features dark brown motifs, figures with raised arms, of oral tradition into material culture analysis will umiaks with paddles in the water, and two central offer new insights into the multiplicity of narratives whales filled with dense vertical lines and spray behind engraved ivory drill bows, their role within comprised of a central line and close radiating V’s. The Arctic societies, and the ability for stories to reengage 20 ASC Newsletter communities with objects of cultural patrimony. Spring 2012 will involve further discussion of drill bow imagery and oral stories with carvers and communities in Northwest Alaska. In addition to my dissertation, knowledge shared by community members will be featured in a website, co-developed with Stephen Loring, featuring visual analysis of drill bows, oral histories related to the engravings and video clips of carver demonstrations. It is hoped this project will result in multi-vocal discourse concerning engraved drill bows and the continued import of ivory carving as Arctic expression.

Bringing Lucien M. Turner’s 1882-84 Field Notes of Arctic Mammals to the Attention of Science By Scott Heyes

Arctic Studies Centre Research Associate, Dr Scott A wolverine skull, collected by Lucien M. Turner in the Ungava Heyes, and the Smithsonian Institution’s NMNH region between 1882 and 1884, probably near Kuujjuaq (formerly Curator of Mammals, Dr Kristofer Helgen, are Fort Chimo). Source: USNM Catalogue Number 141911. Photo: currently preparing an edited book on Arctic mammals. Angela Frost. The book is based on Lucien M. Turner’s 1882- Inuit Knowledge through Design: The Making 84 field notes on mammals of the Ungava Bay and of a Virtual Storytelling Space,” IKTC Refereed Labrador region. The field note material by Turner, Conference Proceedings, Windhoek, Namibia. which was generated in his capacity as an ethnologist ISBN 978-99945-72-37-3. PDF at the Smithsonian Institution Undersecretary Spencer • Heyes, S.A. 2011. “Between the trees and the Baird, has largely remained unpublished. His notes tides: Inuit ways of discriminating space in a have been located at the Smithsonian Institution coastal and boreal landscape”. In Landscape in Archives, National Anthropological Archives, the Language, Mark, David M., Andrew G. Turk, Smithsonian Institution Mammal Library, Hudson Bay Niclas Burenhult and David Stea (eds.), John Company Archives, and private collections. Benjamins Publishing, Amsterdam,187–223. ISBN: The project has involved photographing and 9789027202864 examining many mammal specimens that Turner • Heyes, S.A. 2011. “Cracks in the Knowledge: collected from the region, including magnificent Sea Ice Terms in Kangiqsualujjuaq, Nunavik,” caribou antlers, relatively complete pelts of wolverine Canadian Geographer 55 (1), p. 69-90. PDF. and foxes, and a rare beluga whale foetus. The book will feature a number of these photos as well as photos John Murdoch, Sr. and descriptions of material objects that the Inuit of By Malcolm Peck the time and region made from mammal parts, such as an Inuit game made from an Arctic hare skull, fishing [Editor's Note: Earlier this year Susan Kaplan alerted tools, clothing, and nets. the ASC to Malcolm C. Peck, the great-grandson of Inuit terms for mammals that Turner noted in 1882- the Smithsonian’s 19th c. Arctic ethnologist, John 84 will also feature in the book, alongside several Inuit Murdoch. Mr. Peck is president of the John Murdoch stories of mammals that Turner documented during Foundation which maintains Murdoch’s archives his travels to the region. A number of illustrations and photographs. I asked Malcolm to write a short of mammals have been generated to complement biography to share with us aspects of Murdoch's life Turner’s writing’s, including some by the Smithsonian with which we are not familiar.] Institution illustrator, Marcia Bakry. The book will be published by the Smithsonian In his distinguished professional career, John Murdoch Institution Scholarly Press with support from the Arctic was a teacher, researcher, writer, and librarian. For Studies Center. It will be launched in October, 2012 at more than forty years, spanning the last two decades the Inuit Studies Conference in Washington, DC. of the 19th century and roughly the first quarter of the 20th, he was also an active and skilled photographer. Research Activities and Publications: An extraordinary collection of glass plate negatives has • Heyes, S.A 2011. “Recovering and Celebrating survived to preserve images of people, city scenes, and ASC Newsletter 21 landscapes across the United States between 1883 and and recording of data, the notes for each photograph 1923. indicate the subject, date, time of day, light conditions, Murdoch was born on July 9, 1852 in New Orleans lens aperture, shutter speed, and exact method of into a family whose paternal roots were in Scotland, processing. At the same time, he was a consummate the maternal in England. Among his forebears were a artist, whose skill in composition and eye for telling plantation owner in Cuba, merchants, and ship captains. detail give his photographs a compelling immediacy Four of his ancestors were in the Continental Army that and enduring interest. The nearly two thousand assembled on the Cambridge Common, when General surviving photographs offer images of people, George Washington took command. The family landscapes, and urban scenes that illuminate the has included several artists, in both preceding and American scene between the early 1880s and the early succeeding generations. His sister, Helen Messinger 1920s. Murdoch, was an accomplished photographer, who was Some of the early photographs were taken in elected a fellow of Great Britain’s Royal Photographic Washington, DC as the nation’s capital began its Society. Murdoch attended Roxbury Latin School and expansion in earnest. Others offer views of New York graduated sixth in the class of 1873 at Harvard College, City, Great Lakes ports, San Francisco, San Diego, and where he was a member of Phi Beta Kappa. In 1876, Los Angeles at the turn of the 20th century. Still others he received his master’s degree in natural history from are of the Black Hills of South Dakota and the Rocky Harvard. Between 1877 and 1880 he was a high school Mountains in Colorado, where his son, John Murdoch, science teacher, a private tutor, and a visiting professor Jr. was assigned to survey sites for future national parks of zoology at the University of Wisconsin. and monuments. The greater part of the collection In 1881, Murdoch joined the International comprises photographs taken in Boston, Cambridge, Polar Year Expedition to Point Barrow, Alaska, a and Cape Cod, where Murdoch spent summer holidays collaborative effort of the U.S. Army Signal Corps and from his college years until the year of his death. the Smithsonian Institution, returning to Washington, While many of these are of family members and DC in 1883. Marriage to Abby DeForest Stuart of friends, most are of general current interest, because Highland Park, Illinois followed in 1884. Between they picture scenes dramatically altered today. These 1883 and 1886, he organized and wrote up the include series devoted to the Boston waterfront and expedition’s extensive observations on the indigenous steam-powered craft in the harbor, Harvard University, people of the Point Barrow region, published by the Roxbury, and the Boston Public Library. Smithsonian in 1892 as Ethnological Results of the Point Barrow Expedition. (The study was reissued Discovering big things in small in 1988 as part of the series Classics of Smithsonian places: The Arctic Collections of the Anthropology.) In 1886, Murdoch became assistant Chester County Historical Society librarian of the U.S. National Museum and, in 1887, By Rob Lukens was appointed librarian of the Smithsonian Institution, while continuing to oversee the collection of books at When we think of the premier collections of archives the National Museum. In 1892, ill health forced his and artifacts related to Arctic exploration, a number resignation from the Smithsonian. With Abby and the of nationally-known places come readily to mind three sons, who had been born in Washington, DC, - the Smithsonian museums, National Archives, he returned to Massachusetts and engaged in farming Explorer’s Club, American Geographical Society, until 1896, when he took a Peary-MacMillan Arctic position in the Catalogue Museum, etc. Department of the Boston But in my experience, Public Library. He was it’s the small places made first assistant in 1906, that often have the most a position he held until his remarkable items. I keep retirement in 1923. He reminding myself that died at his home in Allston, during the 19th and early Massachusetts in 1925. 20th centuries, there was Author of more than no single master curator 60 articles in scientific or archivist with a long journals, Murdoch range collections plan for was an acknowledged consolidating, cataloging, expert in the natural and distributing information about the sciences. In keeping Samuel Entrikin on board the Falcon, photograph by Henry G. with his habits of precise Bryant, August 1, 1894. Chester County Historical Society, West field of American Arctic scientific observation Chester, PA. exploration history. 22 ASC Newsletter

Instead, as I imagine it, items were scattered about the research, I discovered a fourth figure that called globe. Explorers took things home, scientists hung Chester County home. Harry Whitney, the illustrious onto their papers, and items were stuffed in attics, New Haven socialite and big game hunter resided basements, and desk drawers. Then, perhaps decades in the county through the 1920s. While CCHS had or centuries later, they passed through heirs and stayed no artifacts or documents from his legacy, I became in the family or found stardom at the big national intrigued with the story of his embroilment in the museums or archives. But others ended up at places Peary/Cook controversy. And now I knew that he, too, like the Chester County Historical Society (CCHS), in was local. West Chester, PA. With these figures in place, and with its collections, My discovery of these collections, although pure CCHS was well-positioned to construct a 2010 curatorial serendipity, unrolled over the course of more exhibition for which I served as guest curator. Called than a decade. It began while working as CCHS’s Chilling Reality: Chester County’s Arctic Explorers, Collections Manager. In 1999, I stumbled across the the exhibition virtually made itself. From Hayes, a collection of a man named Samuel J. Entrikin. He was Victorian man of science, through the Rooseveltian from West Chester, and had served as Peary’s second tough guy Sam Entrikin and up to Harry Whitney, in command on his 1893-1895 journey. Entrikin was independent sportsman, the exhibition, stories and sent home with most of the crew in 1894, leaving Peary artifacts traced the shifting role that the Arctic has and a few others in Greenland. Although I was then played in American society. Especially through an Arctic history novice, I knew we had something Entrikin, who grumbled about Josephine Peary’s important. There were hundreds of involvement on his journey photographs, Inuit artifacts, tools and and marveled at Inuit ways, items from his travels, and diaries and the exhibition tied local correspondence. There were letters from ideas and trends to national Peary, Henson, and Cook to “Sam.” and global perspectives in Entrikin’s sealskin suit, relics collected meaningful ways for visitors. from the Polaris site, and carefully Through the exhibition documented knives, snowgoggles, development process, I and household wares from his journey learned of a man named Bill rounded out the collection. Marshall. Bill, a retired I soon learned about Isaac Israel radiologist from Stanford Hayes, who was born and raised University, had actually met in Chester County, and requires no Sam Entrikin when he was a introduction here. I discovered a kid in the 1930s. I had to meet portrait of Hayes, presented to CCHS by this man, who had actually another explorer, Amos Bonsall. I sifted known my Sam. I made a side through a vast trove of archival material, trip in 2009 from L.A. to Palo including Hayes’s notes, photographs, Alto, California. Bill and his and playbills from his famous lecture Portrait of Isaac Israel Hayes, ca 1840-1860, wife Jane welcomed me to tours. A letter signed by numerous by W. H. Michener, Oil on Canvas. This their home, and Bill showed Congressmen alluded to Hayes’s portrait of Isaac Israel Hayes was donated to me the treasures that Sam campaign to head the first federally- the Historical Society in 1905 by fellow Arctic gave to him. The highlight funded journey, which of course went explorer Amos Bonsall. Chester County was an ivory dog which Sam to Charles Francis Hall. Much of Historical Society, West Chester, PA. carved at the site of the “snow these materials contributed to Doug baby’s” birth. Sam gave it to Wamsley’s seminal work Polar Hayes, a must-read young Bill for his birthday in the 1930s. Bill loaned Arctic biography. the items to the exhibition and later donated them to Amos Bonsall himself is chronicled with a CCHS. small collection of materials. A pocket watch passed Today, the materials rest quietly in their boxes, through the family which he took on the fateful 1853- waiting for the next researcher or exhibition. The 1855 Advance journey. And the portrait - done by his stories are no longer center stage at CCHS. Although daughter Elizabeth F. Bonsall - is and always has been it’s sad that we can’t display them permanently, I’ve my favorite painting in the whole collection. Although learned a lasting lesson from all of this: Who really the portrait entitled I’m Going Out was painted 40 or knows what’s out there? To think that scholars have 50 years after his time with Elisha Kent Kane, it still really discovered and analyzed all of the materials captures his spirit of adventure in his disheveled hair from American Arctic exploration’s past is ludicrous. and rosy smile. Instead, as the CCHS case shows, we’ve most likely Years later, while neck-deep in my dissertation just seen the tip of the iceberg. ASC Newsletter 23

FIELDWORK Quebec Field Report 2011 boat parts. The wood debris was mostly detritus from By Bill Fitzhugh squaring logs. Several nearly-complete earthenware vessels with strap handles were recovered, and a Our work at Hare Harbor-1 (EdBt-3) site in 2011 considerable number of bird remains were also found. was planned as the final year with a focus on a Roof tiles were distributed throughout the deposits, possible Inuit habitation structure (S5) and a charcoal and much material was found among the ballast rock, production feature. However, archaeologists anticipate indicating these piles had accumulated over a period surprises at the ‘end’ of a project, and this was no of time while vessels were anchored there, dumping exception, with two surprises: important new features ballast as well as garbage. at Hare Harbor and a new Inuit winter village on Little While underwater work progressed our shore team Canso Island in Jacques Cartier Bay. The latter is the opened up more than thirty 2x2 meter squares west fourth historic-period Inuit village now known on the of the Structure 4 Inuit winter house we excavated LNS between ca. last year. This area 1580-1730. lies to the west of As in past years S4 and included an we launched from area we suspected Lushes Bight on Long having another Inuit Island in late July. The winter dwelling. Our highlight of the trip first squares focused to the Harrington area on the S5 entrance was our encounter tunnel and house with the remnants interior, which was of the 260 square dug into the rising km Petermann Ice hill to the north. The island which broke excavation looked off the terminus of the promising at first Petermann Glacier as the walls, paved in August 2010 and floor, and threshold had drifted south in step of an entrance the Labrador Current. tunnel emerged; (see Wilfred Richard’s Excavations at Hare Harbor. Photo: Bill Fitzhugh. but unlike S4, this article). Although entry contained few most of this ice was artifacts, and when we still north of the Strait of Belle Isle, we found several began clearing the interior floor we found it consisted fragments near Blanc Sablon. The large fragments were of cobblestones rather than paving slabs. There was too deep to enter the Strait and eventually drifted off no floor deposit, and the cobbles appeared to bein situ along Newfoundland’s east coast. beach deposits. Further work revealed the absence of We arrived at Harrington Harbor on 1 August and a west house wall, and what we had initially thought met our Quebec crew. By this time our team consisted might be that wall, several meters further west, turned of Lauren Marr, Janine Hinton, Wilfred Richard, out to be a hearth platform whose surface was about and me from the Smithsonian; Vincent Delmas, 50cm above the surrounding soil and was paved with Justine Bourguignon-Tétreault, and Serai Barriero fire-burned slabs. On this hearth we found a small Arguellas from University of Montreal; Erik Phaneuf Inuit soapstone lamp, up-side-down and with a small from AE Com and our skipper Perry Colbourne from hole cut into the middle of the bowl. Nearby were Lushes Bight, Newfoundland. the remains of several other small soapstone cooking This summer’s work involved a final (so we pots that had been broken in many pieces where they thought) campaign on both the land and underwater had been discarded. To the west of the hearth was a portions of the site. Divers Erik and Vincent opened up 1.5m-diameter pit filled with charcoal—probably the new squares on either side of one of the central stone remains of a charcoal-production feature. We believe ballast piles, finding the stratigraphy similar to what we that the S5 house was intended to be a winter dwelling had observed before: a lower level with large amounts but its construction was abandoned when the builders of wood chips below layers with processed cod fish discovered it was positioned directly beneath the drip- remains. Throughout these layers a variety of Basque line of the cliff overhang behind the site, a problem artifacts and materials were found, including shoe we also experienced when rain storms flooded our parts, a grass mat, tub and barrel staves, and worked excavations. 24 ASC Newsletter

There were compensations, however. Driven En route to Perry’s home and Pitsiulak’s winter from the drip-line, we found the terrace south of S4 berth we had some exciting moments when a strong held a productive midden that extended out from the southwest wind arose as we crossed the Strait of Belle entryway onto the terrace in front of the house. This Isle. Big following seas were tossing our speedboat bonus allowed us to collect a large sample of artifacts around like crazy as she cut back and forth across the that complemented the materials excavated in 2010 fronts of the following seas. Soon our worst nightmare inside the S4 dwelling. Among the finds were materials came to life: the tow-line snapped and the boat went similar to those found inside the house: glass beads, adrift, looking tiny and vulnerable. Perry turned Pits fragments of worked soapstone, lead fishing weights, around and after several close passes I managed to clay pipes, variety of earthenwares and Normandy throw an anchor that caught in the boat’s bow cutty, stoneware, including a fragment of bellarmine allowing us to get her under control for the rest of the stoneware with a floral decoration. Many of these crossing. fragments will fit others from inside the house. Time More excitement was still to come. After a night in did not permit excavation of Quirpon we found our exit the entire midden, which will blocked by a huge piece of be a target of our final season Petermann ice. There was in 2011 in which we will hardly any room to slip by, continue the underwater work but as the rolling swells and excavate the charcoal pit surged in between the ice and and another large hearth pile. the shore Perry was able to After completing work at shoot the gap into the open Hare Harbor we turned east ocean beyond. South of St. and met Nicholas Shattler Anthony the Newfoundland at Cumberland Harbor to harbors and coasts were check sites he had found at chock-a-block with Canso Island at the southeast Petermann ice, and when we entrance of Jacques Cartier made our crossing to Long Bay. We had surveyed the Island we found the open sea southern end of Canso Island filled with huge tabular bergs several years ago, finding that rose 20-40 meters above large meat caches and Inuit- Vincent Delmas (l) and Erik Phanuef (r) holding the water. The radar showed style stone fox traps in the ceramics recovered from the Hare Harbor underwater the sea solid with ice, but we raised boulder beaches. Earlier site. Photo: Wilfred Richard. threaded our way through this summer Nick had found and found a Lushes Bight two similar sites on the mainland side of Canso Island harbor later that night. For the next months the bays Tickle, both with caches and fox traps. In addition, on and runs along the northern coast of Newfoundland Little Canso Island, attached to the west side of Canso were blocked solid. What turned out to be a bonanza by a narrow tidal bar, he had found sod foundations in for the tourist industry was disaster for fishermen and a grassy bank, and when we arrived to check them out all maritime activity. This was the largest amount of we immediately recognized them as three rectangular glacier ice ever seen on the Eastern coast of Canada. Inuit winter dwellings with entrance passages and Ice-capades and great archaeology made the 2011 raised side and rear sleeping benches. Testing turned season highly memorable. Our crew was superb and up Basque tiles, fragments of iron and charcoal, and moved a record amount of earth, produced fantastic earthenware ceramics. Mapping revealed these houses maps, and excavated with great care. The divers, even to replicate 17-18th C. Inuit dwellings from Labrador. though a small team, were equally successful. Even the A relatively short occupation was suggested by the weather cooperated, and our friends in Harrington and lack of bone-rich middens. This find is the fourth Inuit Lushes Bight provided lots of fun and support. winter village known so far along the Lower North An unexpected natural history surprise was the Shore discovery of masses of sea shells when Larry Ransom While in Blanc Sablon we visited with Clifford dredged out the Harrington Harbor water reservoir. and Florence Hart at Brador. We found Clifford in He gave me some shells, which I had dated, getting better physical health than last year, but suffering a result of nearly 9000 years. Now, in addition to increasing dementia for which Florence was valiantly being a famous movie location (Seducing Dr. Lewis), providing care. Both are looking forward to a future Harrington has one of the oldest dated Holocene archaeological project at the Hart Chalet Inuit village, shorelines in the Gulf of St. Lawrence! For our 2011 which we hope to begin in 2012. We also plan to report visit: http://www.mnh.si.edu/arctic/html/ excavate one of the Little Canso Island houses. pub_field.html. ASC Newsletter 25

Rock Art and Archaeology in the Surrounding grazing lands and fresh-water lake shores Mongolian Altai offer excellent habitat for wild game and fish, as well By Bill Fitzhugh as for domestic animals, while valley connections permit communication with outlying regions in all (For the full field report please visit:http://www.mnh. directions. The abundance of fresh water augmented si.edu/arctic/html/pub_field.html) by frequent summer storms makes for relatively stable pasturage, while large stands of Siberian larch In June and July, 2012, Richard Kortum and I began on the northern flanks of the Altai mountain ranges fieldwork at Khoton Lake as the first year of a new across the lake provide a plentiful supply of timber for project titled Rock Art and Archaeology: Investigating housing, heating, lighting, and stock pens. This year Ritual Landscape in the Mongolian Altai. The goals are we concentrated on recording the rock art on Biluut to inventory the archaeological and rock art resources 3 and on excavating a sample of archaeological sites of the Biluut Hills petroglyph complex at Lake Khotan, of different types and suspected ages. Approximately to establish links between these sets of data, and to 4,000 petroglyphic images were documented and more explore changing cultural and ritual landscape patterns than 200 archaeological sites mapped. Of these, 14 sites from Paleolithic times to the present. While Esther were excavated and dated. Jacobson and others have Results include surveyed the rock art and detailed GIS databanks for archaeology of parts of all of the recorded rock art Western Mongolia and images and archaeological the Russian Altai, little sites. Biluut rock art spans research has been done more than 8,000 years, to synthesize these two and a small number of bodies of data into unified images may date to the cultural reconstructions. late Paleolithic. However, The task is not an it remains unclear when easy one, for without Ice Age Altai glaciers organic preservation in retreated from the Khoton archaeological sites, or Lake basin, freeing it archaeological context for for animal and human rock art, these two records occupation. Given the do not easily mesh into fresh appearance of many one voice. Nevertheless, it rock surfaces and well- is important to attempt to Base camp with Altai Mountains reflected in Khoton Nuur, view developed glacial outwash assimilate finds from both south. Photo: William Fitzhugh. topography, ice retreat in order to discover where may have occurred as points of articulation can be found and to acknowledge late as 10,000 years ago, thus obviating any chance where gaps cannot be bridged. of earlier human settlement or rock art. However, by Our project is supported by an NEH grant to 6,000-8,000 years ago Archaic-style rock art images are Richard Kortum of Eastern Tennessee State University clearly attested, and thereafter large numbers of images in Johnson City. Several faculty members from ETSU can be attributed to Neolithic, Early and Late Bronze and the Smithsonian participate in the project. Our Age, Iron Age, Turkic, Medieval, and Ethnographic work extends the Smithsonian’s Deer Stone Project periods, based on a combination of stylistic, subject from central Mongolia to its far west. matter, and patination features. Damage to rock art The 2011 fieldwork took place on the northern panels from modern graffiti and vandalism are also a shores of Lake Khoton (Khoton Nuur) for six weeks significant component of this record. While rock art from early June to mid-July. We arrived at Khoton panels frequently display palimpsests of images from Lake on June 6th and departed on July 12th. A team different periods, sometimes showing super-positioning of 26 Americans and Mongolians combined efforts over earlier figures, nothing like the disastrous defacing at documenting rock art and locating and excavating by modern ‘graffiti artists’ occurred in earlier times. archaeological sites in the immediate vicinity of the A large number of special, rare, or otherwise highly three Biluut Hills and around the drainage of Khuiten significant images were discovered in summer 2011 Gol, a small, stream that drains one of the more fertile by the project’s rock art team (see Richard Kortum’s valleys less than 10 km from the Chinese border. following report). Richard Kortum estimates that the Biluut Hills have Archaeological work resulted in a series of an estimated 10,000 individual petroglyph images. radiocarbon-dated ritual sites of which human burials 26 ASC Newsletter represents only one form Daniel Cole's of ceremonialism. Ten of cartographic work provided the 14 sites investigated a strong backbone for in detail were burials; both the rock art studies all of these produced and archaeological radiocarbon dates, which research. Detailed ranged from 4,000 BP to GIS-based mapping is 800 BP, spanning the late providing the Khoton Neolithic/Early Bronze Lake project with a means Age to the Medieval of building topographic (Genghis Khan) period. relationships within and Among the earliest were between petroglyphic ritual sites with rectangular and archaeological data structures and large boulder sets. This will allow us pavements with central to identify patterns in pit burials. One of these the landscape and thus to enigmatic rectangular Biluut 2-4 burial in flexed position, view South (trowel points analyze multiple strands structures was constructed north). Photo: Dave Edwards. of rock art, ritual, and with internal trough-like settlement data. features. Late Bronze Age khirigsuurs are common, One of the most surprising results was the dating to ca. 3,000 BP; most have axial radials. Two consistent lack of artifacts in the ritual sites that span that we excavated contained Eurasian-style deer stones a period of ca. 3,500 years from late Neolithic/early near the northern or eastern edges of their central Bronze Age to Medieval times, the only exception mounds. However, one extended human burial dating being the Pazyryk period. Another is the occurrence of to the khirigsuur period was found under a simple multiple styles of burials during the same time period. stone mound without khirigsuur architecture. Pazyryk Perhaps this results from ritual variation within a given style ‘chained’ burials are also common. One that we cultural group. Alternatively, it may signal fluctuating excavated had been looted in ancient times, but we cultural boundaries or cultural margins where external nevertheless recovered a fine pair of gold foil argali intrusions occur in areas of long-standing ritual and sheep horse ornaments and Pazyryk-style pottery, cultural stability. Perhaps Pazyryk culture persists radiocarbon-dated to ca. 2,000 BP. This is rather late longer here and resists Xiongnu incursion. Our research for Pazyryk sites; indeed, this date places this site thus far has raised many questions. Research in 2012 and its cultural material squarely in the middle of the will help to answer some of these, but no doubt, will Xiongnu empire period, of which we have found no raise even more. sign in the Khoton Lake region. Several Turkic ritual sites we excavated, including a carved stone man site, Rock Art in the Mongolian Altai were found to contain no human remains and seem to By Richard D. Kortum have involved ritual animal sacrifice. Finally, a single flexed human burial dating to the Medieval period I began searching for rock art and surface archaeology was found beneath a small in Mongolia’s far-western 2m-wide pavement. Bayan Olgii province in the Several of these sites summer of 2002. Other than demonstrated connections Esther Jacobson-Tepfer with rock art from the of the University of Oregon surrounding hills. The iconic and members of her team, Mongolian deer image I was until 2007 the only appears frequently in the rock American to explore this art as well as on deer stones, remote region. In June 2004 although not on those in the I came upon a remarkable immediate vicinity of Khoton rock art complex on the Lake. Mountain goat images, eastern shore of Khoton which predominate in the Lake in the Altai Mountains rock art, were also found on near the convergence some archaeological features, of Khazakstan, Russia, including the Pazyryk gold China, and Mongolia. My Moose petrogylph detail. Photo: Richard Kortum. foil argali heads. subsequent surveys (2005 ASC Newsletter 27 and 2007-2009) reveal that more than 8,000 figures opportunity for both to be undertaken simultaneously have been carved into the glacially-polished bedrock by specialists in both fields. In collaboration with of the site’s three high hills during the past 10,000 our partner and sponsor, the National Museum of years. Imagery at Biluut ranges from archaic Early Mongolia, we have structured this long-term project Holocene animals, to herds surrounded by Neolithic to take advantage of new mapping and documentation hunters, stylized Bronze Age ‘Mongolian deer,’ Iron technologies and have prepared a unified approach Age horsemen and warriors, spirit figures of all ages, by careful staff selection. One example of the cross- as well as esoteric symbols from medieval and recent fertilization we expect is clarification of the migration, times. Many images are similar to those of Central and transformation, of the Deer Stone-Khirigsuur Asia and Siberia while others are unique. Among (DSK) Culture. Another is insight into the relationship the best-preserved petroglyphs in Asia, they offer an between Mongolian deer imagery and early stages extraordinary target for art historical, anthropological, of Scythian art and culture. Analysis of regional and archaeological patterning and research. radiocarbon-dates of In July 2010, deer stones combined Bill Fitzhugh and with close examination I received word of Biluut’s early- from the National nomadic, or ‘animal- Endowment for style,’ petroglyphs the Humanities supported by (NEH) that our joint excavation of Pazyryk proposal for a Three- burials from the early Year Collaborative Iron Age will generate Research Grant was new understandings of successful. Although Mongolian-Scythian other significant relationships and the petroglyph sites in role of Atlai peoples northwest Mongolia in cultural transfers have been documented in inner Asia. Our in the last 10-15 years, next field season will their inventories are run for approximately either smaller or less six weeks, from concentrated and have Examining a khirigsuur. Photo: Richard Kortum early June through been studied largely the middle of July. from the perspective Core questions in our of art history. At Biluut and vicinity we intend to do investigation include: something different. As it happens, the Biluut Rock Art Complex is located in a riparian zone full of 1. What archaeological variability exists in the archaeological features of all sorts and ages. Indeed, Khoton Lake region and how does it relate to my preliminary surveys have recorded hundreds of culture history in other parts of Mongolia and Bronze and Iron Age funerary mounds, dozens of adjoining lands? others of uncertain age and function, Turkic graves and 2. What links can be established between Biluut’s stone men, and a variety of standing stones, including rock art and the settlement and monument at least three types of deer stone. In June 2008, I was archaeology of this vicinity? joined by Bill and his research partner Bayarsaikhan, 3. How does the local DSK complex compare to who I coaxed out to the site by the enticement of newly forms in central Mongolia, Russia, Kazakhstan, discovered deer stones, mostly of the Eurasian type. and Xinjiang in terms of architecture, chronology, Together, the three of us obtained the first scientific and function? Others have looked west- and dates for two of these enigmatic stone monuments. northwestward through high mountain passes for Owing to its rich ecology, we expect this area has the transmission of new ideas into this region. been occupied continuously from Ice Age times to the As yet, no one has explored the possibility of present. Skillful fieldwork will reveal a long cultural local development or a westward migration from history whose signature elements can be directly tied to Mongolia’s internal regions. the site’s equally long pictorial traditions. 4. What does the number, size, orientation, and Here as elsewhere throughout the world, rock complexity of deer stones, khirigsuurs, Pazyryk art research and dirt archaeology have largely been graves, and other stone features reveal about pursued independently; but Biluut provides a unique human and economic resources necessary for their 28 ASC Newsletter

creation? Recent interest in cultural intensification, the possibility of orienting ancient astronomical development of elites, and mobilization of social events with some of the directional stone lines. forces for production and display of monuments Nonetheless, travelling to the study area, via Korean is testable by combining archaeology and rock art Air to UlaanBaatar, EZNIS Airlines to Olgiy, and an studies at Khoton Lake. old Russian four-wheel drive van for the rest of the journey on dirt “roads” to Lake Khoton (Khoton Nuur), Such cross-field linkages, we believe, will greatly I came to appreciate the beautiful desolation of the expand understanding of the artistic, social, spiritual, countryside. The semi-arid landscape is a glaciologist’s and human nature of the early peoples who heavily dream with cirques, hanging valleys, U-shaped valleys, impacted a region that is quickly becoming recognized moraines, drumlins, eskers, etc. as a crucible of cultural development, technological After arriving at camp, I started my daily routine advancement, artistic elaboration, human dispersal, and of hiking 10-15 km/day by first setting up a network of empire-building for thousands of years. ground control points around the hills where I would Other key project members include: Dan Cole, be collecting data, and then post-processing those GIS Coordinator at SI (GIS and cartography); Mel points to correspond to previous ground control points Wachowiak, Senior Objects Conservator at MCI collected in 2009 as well as to the half-meter resolution (photogrammetry); satellite imaged stereo- Catherin Chen, pairs from GeoEye (see Assistant Professor map). We are working in in the Geosciences the Biluut Hills area with Department at ETSU a wide range of dates (GIS and cartography); and cultures (Neolithic, Bayarsaikhan Bronze age, Iron age, Jamsranjav, Director Pazyryk and Turkic). of Research at the During the following National Museum of days, I was asked to plot Mongolia (archaeology); specific petroglyphs , of Tserendagva Yadmaa of which there were about the Mongolian Academy 12,000 in the immediate of Sciences’ Institute of area. I also plotted Archaeology (rock art and ceremonial and burial archaeology); and David mounds (khirigsuurs), Edwards, National which vary in size from Geographic photographer several meters to 60 and expedition meters in width, and guide (photography, Richard, Bayaraa and Bill. in the shape of perfect photodocumentation, circles and not-so-perfect and camp director). Our team will also be assisted by squares and rectangles. paleobotanist Mike Zavada, chair of ETSU’s biology Standing stones (which were often grave markers) department, who will take and analyze lake core and were mapped, varying from simple slabs that an pollen samples at our study site, and by archaeologist individual person could put in place to massive stones, and rock art specialist Ken Lymer of Great Britain which would require several people to erect. Decorated (petroglyphs). In addition, Bill and I are enlisting the stones were also mapped, including man stones and services of four Mongolian student field assistants who deer stones. In addition, the spokes laid out in some will be joined by two SI interns and several ETSU khirigsuurs, and directional stone lines or balbals students. were plotted to see if they pointed to a sacred peak or some other cultural feature. I typically worked by Field Mapping in the Mongolian Altai myself, but occasionally with the archaeologists and art By Dan Cole historians. The weather did not always cooperate, with snow on the morning of July 4, frequent rain showers, Leaving for Mongolia on June 8, I was not quite sure and very windy afternoons. And I often had to navigate what to expect in terms of my contribution to this through or around herds of sheep, goats, yaks, horses, archaeological project. Plus, I was travelling alone and occasionally Bactrian camels. Overall, it was a since the rest of the team left the week before while I rewarding and enlightening experience for me, and I’m was at the CCA/CAG conference in Calgary. While looking forward to next summer’s expedition to the in UlaanBaatar, I met with an Italian archaeologist Biluut Hills area again, Aral Tolgoi, Tsagaan Asgat, and who also has a background in GIS, and we discussed wherever else Bill and Richard send me. ASC Newsletter 29

Commodore Joshua Barney Site barns, which are located in D.C., date to 1863. Excavation A considerable amount of brick, mortar, small iron By Noel Broadbent debris, (including a mule shoe), bottle and window glass etc., were recovered, as well as butchered animal Noel Broadbent finished bone (cow, sheep and up his dig this fall at U.S. deer), identified byClaire Reservation 520, Rock O’Brien. A few small Creek Park, with the help ceramic shards were also of volunteers from the found on the site, the oldest NMNH, especially Arctic of which is white ware Studies, the Maryland (dating to 1820-1890). Archaeology Society, Sixty percent of the nails Mid-Potomac Section, and recovered were made of cut others. The excavation was iron (1805-1890), and the conducted as a volunteer remaining nails were made archaeological project with of non-galvanized wire permission of the National (1890-1945). Park Service (Permit 10- The significance of ROCK-002). The initiative the site, besides providing for the project came through insight into an example Acqunetta Anderson of the of mid 19th century Benjamin Harrison Society, Olivia Garral Perez (daughter of Gabriella Perez Baez) vernacular architecture, a local D.C. group. excavating at the Barney site. Photo: Noel Broadbent. is that the Rives’ barns The research goal was provide a reference point to identify Commodore for determining the Joshua Barney’s artillery position in the Battle position of Joshua Barney’s battery during the Battle of Bladensburg on August 24, 1814 using historic of Bladensburg on August 24, 1814. Barney’s two descriptions, archeological prospecting, mapping and 18-pounders were described as being within several excavation. The project was also conducted as an yards of this location. After being overrun by the educational enterprise and fieldwork opportunities were British, Barney was treated for his wounds by a spring, provided to local residents, students and youth. henceforth called “Barney’s Spring.” The spring was Prospecting of described in 1937 as the site included soil being under the porch of coring, thanks to Dan 3041 Bladensburg Road, Wagner, Electromagnetic which is across the street Induction (EMI) mapping from U.S. Reservation and Ground Penetrating 520. Radar (GPR), thanks The excavation to James E. Doolittle of the median in and Amanda Moore Bladensburg Road (USDA). The excavation by DDOT (District focused on delineating of Columbia Dept. the foundation and floors of Transportation) in of a brick building that September, 2011 added was discovered using test to investigation. The pits. The building had original turnpike level two floor areas separated could be distinguished by a brick-lined gutter. 60 cm below the present One half of the building road surface. Spring had a herringbone brick Janine Hinton and Claire O’Brien excavating. Photo: Noel Broadbent. water was observed floor and the other half still running across the had a cedar plank floor. road opposite Barney’s The building is interpreted as a combined carriage Spring, and brick fragments from the second Rives’ house and stable that had belonged to the John C. barn were found in the turnpike deposits. Rives estate. The Rives’ house (mansion) was located U.S. Reservation 520 has proven to have in Maryland. According to map records, the two Rives’ historic value relating to the War of 1812, having its 30 ASC Newsletter bicentennial this year. The locating of Barney’s Spring radar. We used these methods to survey the entire site as well as the two Rives’ barns, is noteworthy. The and were able to collect data that sheds new light on discovery of a carriage house and stable dating to the the depositional history of the site, as well as important mid 19th century relates to the history Washington, information about natural site processes–particular D.C. and Maryland. Above all, the dig was lots of fun, the paleohydrology of the beach ridge on which the educational, and generated lots of local interest in this site is located. We were able to review the results in part of the city. the field and ground truth some of the “hot spots” to investigate possible previous cultural activity. In doing Studying the North in the “North so, we confirmed the Darwents’ views that there was Country” other cultural activity at the site, although we were By Christopher B. Wolff not quite able to validate their claims of an occupation that predates the well-known structures excavated by The last year has brought many changes in my research Giddings and Anderson. The results of our findings are and my career. I left my job as an Archaeologist/Case still being analyzed and will be presented in brief at the Officer in the NMNH’s Repatriation Office where upcoming SAA meeting in Memphis in the spring, and I worked with Southeast Alaskan and Northwest more completely in future articles. Coast Peoples, in order to take a position as Assistant I have also been spending some of my Professor of Anthropology at the State University time working on collections from Stock Cove, of New York (SUNY), Plattsburgh. Plattsburgh, for Newfoundland, where I have been working in those of you who have never heard of it, is in extreme collaboration with Dr. Donald Holly (Eastern Illinois northeastern New York on the coast of Lake Champlain University) and Dr. John Erwin (Newfoundland and on the Vermont border about 20 miles from Canada. Labrador Provincial Government) over the last several Locally, the region around Plattsburgh is known as years, with generous support from the Provincial the “North Country.” While I feel I could not have Archaeology Office and the NSF. A handful of my been luckier than to have been allowed to work at the Plattsburgh State students and I are conducting a Smithsonian, and miss it frequently, I wanted to focus fine-grained analysis of stone tool production methods on my own research in Newfoundland and Labrador of the Dorset Paleoeskimos that inhabited the site, and get more into teaching. Plattsburgh State has given some of which will be presented at the Canadian me that opportunity and has been a very welcoming Archaeological Association meeting in Montreal in the place with outstanding colleagues; I have already been spring. Holly, Erwin and I hope to continue and expand dragging some of its students into the Arctic. our work at Stock Cove over the next few years and Last summer, with funds from an NSF grant, Luke have submitted grants to do so, which will also include Brown, a recent Plattsburgh State graduate, joined a great deal of interdisciplinary ecological research Thomas Urban (Oxford University) and myself in a examining past human-environment interaction in re-investigation of the enigmatic Old Whaling Site on the Trinity Bay region of eastern Newfoundland. In Cape Krusenstern, Alaska; first seriously investigated particular, we are interested in prehistoric and early by J. Louis Giddings and Doug Anderson in the historic distribution of ice and seals and how they may late 1950s/early 1960s. While there has been a recent relate to human settlement-subsistence strategies, as fluorescence of research in the area, and limited work well as documenting the marine-reservoir effects in the at the Old Whaling Site, there are many things we still region at a high-resolution, so that we can more directly do not know about the people who occupied the site, date sites with sea mammal remains. but there is a lot of speculation. Christyann and John Finally, I have been spending some time Darwent were some of the most recent researchers to around Lake Champlain in northern New York looking investigate the site and discovered that its occupational for local sites to give students more field experience history may be more complicated than previously and to investigate the historical ecology of the lake thought. Primarily for that reason, our recent trip and the Sea of Champlain further back in prehistory. was undertaken to learn more about the cultural and Hopefully, you will hear more about that in the environmental history of the site. coming years. In the meantime, I remain a Research Because this site is part of a National Collaborator with the Arctic Studies Center and look Monument and, like all sites, should be conserved as forward to my continuing and future research with much as possible, we decided to investigate it using Bill, Stephen, Lauren, and the excellent staff there. chiefly non-invasive technology. Urban is an expert in Including, with only a bit more prodding, assisting many types of geophysical surveying techniques and in the production of a long-awaited Eastern Arctic/ has had extensive experience in Arctic settings. For Subarctic Paleoeskimo volume. Some of you may be the Old Whaling site, we decided the best techniques hearing from us soon about contributions, if you have would be electromagnetometry and ground penetrating not already. ASC Newsletter 31

OUTREACH

Time Team America after, Kenneth Pratt volunteered to organize and to By Noel Broadbent chair another session at the 38th annual meeting of the Alaska Anthropological Association (‘aaa’) in Based on the long-running British series Time Team the Fairbanks, Alaska in March 2011. Very quickly the two prime-time PBS series Time Team America is gearing venues became a well-coordinated common effort. The up for its second season, funded by a 2.4 million dollar two session organizers also contacted Susan Kaplan, grant from NSF Informal Science Education program. then editor of Arctic Anthropology, who agreed to The Executive producer is Dave Davis and Series consider the papers from two symposia for publication Producer Bruce Barrow (Oregon in a special issue of the journal as a Public Broadcasting). Davis is PI festschrift to Tiger Burch. and Noel Broadbent Co-PI on the The full-day March 2011 session in NSF grant. The goal is to highlight Fairbanks (Photo) was a major event four site investigations across the for the family-like association of U.S. and to use archaeological Alaskan anthropologists, of which field-schools in each site region Tiger was a proud member since the to engage at-risk high school age early ‘aaa’ meetings in the 1970s. youth in science. The Field School Fourteen papers were presented Director is Alexandra Jones, Ph.D. featuring the full breadth of Tiger’s She will develop the curriculum in research interests, including his partnership with the Crow Canyon research methods in ethnography Archaeological Center in Colorado. and ethnohistory (Richard Stern, The four sites chosen for this Erica Hill, Ann Fienup-Riordan, year are Badger Hole Bison Kill/ in absentia, Igor Krupnik, Jack Folsom Site, Oklahoma; Hawikku/Coronado Entrada Omelak, Eric Hamp), kinship and socio-territorial in Zuni Pueblo, New Mexico; Crow Canyon/Ancestral organization (Ken Pratt, Matt Ganley, Craig Mishler, Pueblo, Cortez, Colorado; and the Josiah Henson/ Riley Larry Kaplan), warfare and trade (Kory Cooper), Plantation, Rockville, Maryland. culture contact and change (Anne Jensen), patterns of These site range from Paleo-Indian to historic, and indigenous land and subsistence resource use (Polly provide perspectives on American geography and Wheeler), and human-caribou interactions (Jim diversity. Dau, Karen Mager, in another session). After the A variety of remote sensing and lab methods discussion, several dozen session participants spent will be employed along with targeted excavation to another hour in emotional sharing of their personal help solve critical problems at each site. The series memories of Tiger as a colleague, a friend, and a will feature on-camera archaeologists including Meg mentor. It was heartfelt celebration of a man by his Watters, Joe Watkins, Alan Maca, Chelsea Rose bereaved community that had lost one of its exemplary and a new host, Justine Shapiro, award-winning leaders. Tiger viewed the aaa meetings almost like his documentary filmmaker. The program will include home ‘village,’ to which he returned every year for websites and online curricula providing more in-depth more than three decades. Also, Fairbanks had long been discussions of archaeology and cultural resource his favorite place thanks to the richness of the Elmer protection in the U.S. E. Rasmuson Library and Archives of the University of Alaska Fairbanks. It is to that library that Tiger Science Symposia Honor Tiger Burch, bestowed his extensive personal papers and manuscript 1938–2010 collections that are now available to researchers. By Igor Krupnik and Ken Pratt A smaller memorial session was held three months later at ICASS VII in Akureyri, Iceland, in a very When our colleague and long-term ASC Research different context. Tiger was a proud founding member Associate Ernest S. (‘Tiger’) Burch, Jr. passed in of the International Arctic Social Sciences Association 2010 (ASC Newsletter 18) many people immediately (IASSA) in 1990 (also established in Fairbanks!). At offered their help to honor his life and legacy. The the previous Congress in Nuuk, Greenland in 2008, he first action aimed as a tribute to Burch’s work was was honored as one of the first recipients of the IASSA initiated in late September 2010 by Igor Krupnik who ‘life achievement’ awards, together with Ludger proposed a special ‘Burch memorial session’ at the Müller-Wille, the first IASSA President, and Robert 7th International Congress of Arctic Social Sciences Petersen, the dean of Greenland anthropologists. At (ICASS VII) in Akureyri, Iceland in June 2011. Shortly Tiger’s memorial session in Akureyri six papers were 32 ASC Newsletter given (by Igor records can Krupnik, Ann span most of the Fienup-Riordan, Holocene, and Bjarne Gronnøw, [Late Pleistocene] Bob Wheelersburg, paleoecological Carol Jolles, and records are even John Bockstoce, longer. Most are in absentia). The largely unstudied audience was more and are extremely international and vulnerable to it included many destruction, are people who did not poorly monitored know Tiger closely and not well but were inspired by protected. These his many writings. records provide Altogether, the two Fairbanks 2011 session honoring Tiger Burch. Photo: Igor Krupnik. a wide range of sessions supplied a data that are not core of some twenty obtainable from papers for the memorial collection compiled and edited sources such as ice and ocean cores. in late 2011 by Krupnik and Pratt. The manuscript titled Workshop attendees identified many global change- From Kinship to Caribou: Papers in Honor of Ernest S. related threats to are pan-Arctic in nature, including Burch, Jr., has been submitted to Arctic Anthropology increased coastal erosion, increased riverine erosion, as a special guest-edited issue (vol. 49, no.2) and is drying of waterlogged sites and bogs, and changes in scheduled for publication by the opening of the 18th land use and development. Warming and thawing of Inuit Studies Conference in Washington, DC in October permafrost is a major threat, disrupting deposit integrity 2012. and accelerating sample degradation. Attendees presented information on efforts to develop-threat Arctic Warming and Archaeology assessment matrices for coastal erosion through survey By Maribeth Murray and modeling and on various preliminary attempts at preservation and mitigation. Needs for sampling [adapted from Eos 92(21) May 2011] archiving, prioritization of research locations, and international collaboration were also discussed. A workshop titled The workshop was attended by representatives Global Climate of most circum-Arctic national and by scholars with change and the Polar expertise in related issues. The meeting was organized Archaeological by PAN, the International Polar Archaeological Record was held in Network with partial funding from the International Tromso, Norway, 15-16 Arctic Science committee (IASC). A follow-up February, 2011, at the meeting will be held at the April 22-27 IPY meetings Institute of Archaeology in Montreal. To learn more about PAN visit http:// and Anthropology, polararchaeologynetwork.blogg.no/. University of Tromso, to catalyze growing concern amount polar archaeologists about global climate change Soapstone fragments found on the and attendant threats to site. Photo: William Fitzhugh. the polar archaeological and paleoecological records. Arctic archaeological sites contain an irreplaceable record of the histories of the many societies that have lived in the region over past millennia. Associated paleoecological deposits provide powerful proxy evidence for paleoclimate and ecosystem structure and function and direct evidence of species diversity, Arctic warming? A Harp seal basks in the sun on a fragment distributions, and genetic variability. Archaeological of the Petermann iceberg. Photo: William Fitzhugh. ASC Newsletter 33

INTERNS

Planning the 2012 Inuit Studies University who is interested in endangered and Conference minority languages, I felt this was a good fit for me. By Laura Fleming When Gabriela went to the field in Mexico for the rest of the summer, however, my interest in Siberian When I completed my graduate work in Northern as well as other northern peoples led to me to switch Labrador at the University of Guelph in 2009, I never over to working with Dr. Igor Krupnik. Under Igor’s expected that two years later I would find myself at the supervision, I began developing a bibliography of Smithsonian in Washington, the social science and DC, working on Arctic humanities contributions issues once again. After to the International Polar moving to DC from Toronto Year 2007-2008, to later in the summer of 2011, I be turned into a database. was fortunate to join the Since IPY 2007-2008 was Arctic Studies Center as the first IPY that included the Program Specialist for the social sciences, it was the upcoming Inuit Studies important to have a record Conference in October. of everything their projects Working with Lauren had produced. Marr, Bill Fitzhugh, Igor My starting point was Krupnik and the ISC a document we received committee, I have had the from the compilers of the opportunity to engage with International Polar Year international conference Publications Database, participants, esteemed called “IPY 2007–2008 session organizers and Laura Fleming in Hopedale, Labrador, Canada. Photo by Publications in the Social Laura Fleming. Smithsonian staff from Sciences and Humanities”, across the Institute. which contained roughly As we move closer to the conference, considerable 150 entries. After studying how the IPY Publications progress is being made towards planning an exciting Database formatted their bibliographical entries, I and engaging program involving Inuit artists, started out copying bibliographical entries from some performers, leaders and exhibits. One notable highlight of the many books on the International Polar Year and of the 18th biennial Inuit Studies Conference will indigenous peoples’ reactions to climate change that be a new interactive online digital element in the are housed in Igor’s office. As the weeks went on, Igor program which will tap into the latest modes of social found more and more publications and documents networking and online communication to engage with from the various projects within IPY 2007-2008 Inuit and northern people in a way never seen before at for me to add to the document I was compiling. We an ISC event. discussed how my document might be turned into a Personally, the past 6 months has been an searchable and sortable database for members of the incredibly enriching experience. I have learned a great social science community involved with the IPY to deal about the Smithsonian organization, the Arctic be able to reference. I then transferred all the entries Studies Center and the breadth of northern expertise into a spreadsheet that could be sorted by author, year housed here in the ASC. I look forward to continuing to published, language, project number, or subject area, take in as much as possible while working with the ISC thus creating a new tool for polar social scientists, who committee towards putting on an unforgettable 18th worked in IPY or are interested to learn more about its Inuit Studies Conference. results. Creating this database was, to me, a surprising WORKING ON THE IPY SOCIAL SCIENCES amount of work. I had worked on extensive DATABASE bibliographies previously in other internships, but By Anne Musica even that work didn’t prepare me for some of the roadblocks I hit working on the IPY Social Sciences I began my 2011 summer internship in Anthropology Database. Particularly difficult for me was typing assisting Dr. Gabriela Perez-Baez, the curator of entries in other languages. I have no background in linguistics. As a linguistics major at Georgetown Dutch, Danish, Swedish, German, or Norwegian, and 34 ASC Newsletter many of the entries were in these languages. While Maine. There, we met Wilfred Richard, our expedition the work was time-consuming and difficult, I greatly photographer, Portland resident and our ride north. We enjoyed it. Surrounded by piles of books and papers, loaded our things into his trusty Volvo and began our I began to develop a familiarity with the names and excursion. Our radio stations changed from NPR to subject areas of the social scientists who had clearly CBC within a few hours as we drove north to North been major players in the IPY projects. Just by reading Sydney, Nova Scotia, where we boarded an all night the titles of these publications I learned more about the ferry bound for Port-aux-Basque, Newfoundland. relationship between Arctic, Antarctica, climate change, Once in Newfoundland, we got aboard the research and indigenous peoples that I had ever known before. boat and traveled another three days to arrive at our While flipping through archaeological site at Hare Igor’s books looking for Harbor, Quebec, on board the bibliography entries he the ASC’s research boat, had marked, I had a hard Pitsulak. time not getting distracted The sleeping and reading the chapter arrangements on the Pits I was flipping through. were cozy! We slept in I also (unintentionally) cubbies located in the learned a lot about kitchen (galley) above formatting documents and the dining table. With spreadsheets after quite a the lulling rocking of few silent battles with Word the boat, we never slept and Excel. better. We ate most of our On my penultimate day meals on the boat. The working with Igor, we cuisine was quite good, discussed the fact that mainly as a result of two it would be quite an of our crew who brought accomplishment and very Anne Musica. Photo by Igor Krupnik. along bottles of wine exciting if our database and even their own yeast had reached 500 entries for making bread -- we (from the original count of knew we were in good roughly 150, many of which we deleted because they hands. We learned to love Red River hot cereal, which weren’t relevant), although we were both doubtful had a crunchy, seed-like texture -- best compared to that we had reached such a number. On reviewing boiled birdseed. And when rations were low, we even our spreadsheet, however, we discovered that we had learned to like hard-bread, which definitely lived up to amassed over 625 entries, in a document that was about its name. For a Newfie dish called Fish and Brews it 70 pages long. We were astonished and pleased at how is soaked in water overnight to soften. We even came much our dedication had produced. to appreciate the healing qualities of hard-bread as it I am extremely grateful to the Smithsonian for my helped ease nausea caused by motion sickness. summer of learning about IPY, indigenous languages, When we weren’t working, we were able to visit climate change and other themes from the perspective of the humanities and social sciences. Through what I’ve learned from creating the IPY Social Sciences and Humanities Database, I can better appreciate the traditional knowledge I hope to gain when working with indigenous communities to revive their languages. With my newly broadened base of knowledge, I can better recognize the different needs of an indigenous community beyond just their language. Becoming An Honorary Newfie: Tales from A Trip North By Janine Hinton and Lauren Marr

We began our excursion to participate in Bill Fitzhugh’s archaeological Gateways Project in the Janine Hinton reading in her bunk abroad the Pits. Photo by Quebec Lower North Shore with a flight to Portland, Lauren Marr. ASC Newsletter 35 the closest town, part (for Janine Harrington Harbor, and Lauren) was a small and cozy kissing a cod fish. place that has no But be warned, roads because the you can’t just go terrain is too rocky. up to any codfish Bill’s friends in and kiss it; no, you Harrington Harbor have to woo it, were nice enough otherwise it would to let us take just be wrong. showers and wash Janine choose clothes, which only to say, “how happened once a are you doing, week. During the handsome?” a visit to the local line sure to get community museum a kiss from any we were happy codfish. The last to find Will’s and Janine Hinton and Lauren Marr, holding their honorary newfie certificates. Photo by step in becoming Bill’s poster about Bill Fitzhugh. a Newfie was the 10 year project drinking a shot at our site. During our off days we also took the time to of screech (foul- pick bake apples—a kind of swamp berry. tasting rum) which, after a codfish kiss, goes down On our way home, we stopped at the only verified easy. As full-fledged officially unofficial Newfies, we Viking site in North America, L’Anse aux Meadows. are wiser and our stomachs are stronger. After buying gifts for friends and family in the museum’s sales shop, we took the walkway to the A Diverse Experience at ASC site. As we entered the site, Bill went over important By Maegan Tracy details missed in the informational film, most notably provenance of the few artifacts found. After looking at My experience in working on a variety of different the archaeological site, we went to the reconstructed projects at the ASC has been extremely positive site and visited with its bearded re-enactors. As we and rewarding. When I first began here in January, looked at the blacksmith shop, Lauren was selected to I started by working on report materials for the “make” her own nail, which involved controlling the Gateways Project, digitizing hand-drawn maps from bellows – a tough and warm job! Next, we took the the previous field season in Labrador. I also assisted liberty of dressing up like Vikings and battling it out – a Stephen Loring in digitizing and repairing damage ritual we are thinking of using when any disagreements to Kodachrome slides from a remote village in 1950’s arise at the Arctic Studies Center. Alaska. This effort produced great “time machines” A common question asked to outsiders in of Arctic culture, and I was immediately drawn to the Newfoundland, is “have you been screeched in?” The women’s enormous fur hoods, great big smiles, and ritual is used mostly to embarrass out-of-towners, equally big hair. I also digitized a number of late 1800s which, once completed, makes the screeched an Smithsonian stereocards depicting Esquimeaux artifacts honorary Newfoundlander. Lauren and Janine took from the MacFarlane collection. These stereocards, the challenge. To start to feel like a Newfoundlander, consisting of two photographs of the same scene taken you must dress like a Newfoundlander, which means from slightly different perspectives mounted side by Janine was adorned with ever-so-flattering waders and side, are a true Victorian-era 3D. When viewed through Lauren wore a rain hat (oh, yes, there are pictures). a stereoscope viewing device held up to the eyes like Once in Newfie garb, we had to eat a piece of Newfie binoculars, the photos combine and appear three- steak (fried bologna), a dried capelin (a sardine-like dimensional. fish), and a small piece of Lassie (molassas) bread. I spent much of my time here last spring assisting Some did not have the stomach to become an honorary with the long-term task of returning collections to The Newfie, but Janine and Lauren found the strength to Rooms Provincial Museum in Canada. I inventoried, hold down the capelin. After eating like a Newfie, we photographed, measured, described, and cataloged had to repeat a number of tongue twisters which we artifacts from the Rattler’s Bight burials before won’t repeat, to, uh, keep the ceremony secretive (yes, packing them up to be shipped back to The Rooms. we can still pronounce them and we are offended at the My passion is in Eurasian archaeology and it was a implication). The best part (for the observer) and worst pleasure working with collections and datasets that 36 ASC Newsletter exposed me to the material of current research in the remains of cultures adapted steppe, as well as what to a subarctic environment. questions are of the greatest These particular artifacts importance to anthropology came from burials with in the region. I am planning extremely poor bone to enroll in graduate preservation, and as a result school this fall, and my much of the information experiences at ASC have to be gleaned came from had a significant impact on the many stone tools and the kinds of research and other stone artifacts that education I plan to pursue. were interred. This was a I have really enjoyed great opportunity to become my time at the Arctic more familiar with mortuary Studies Center and I would archaeology by working like to thank Bill Fitzhugh, with artifacts firsthand, and Noel Broadbent, Stephen I was also excited to be Loring, Lauren Marr, and working with a different everyone else I met and type of material culture than worked with this year for what I have been exposed to Maegan Tracy. their insight, advice, and previously. support. I have learned so much Last spring I also had an opportunity to spend a here and feel very fortunate to have been a small part of few weekends assisting Noel Broadbent in excavating the ASC. at the War of 1812 ‘Barney Site’ in what is now a small patch of land administered by the National Artful Wool Park Service. I had a wonderful time there working to By Rachel Suntop uncover a herringbone brick floor and doorway, while experiencing the public side of archaeology; visitors, I was very fortunate to be an intern at the Arctic young volunteers, community members, and the Studies Center in March through June 2006. I worked occasional interested passer-by. on several projects, most notably creating replicas of One of the things I appreciate about working at two Native Alaskan headdresses and researching, then ASC is getting to see the “behind the scenes” aspects making several Genghis Khan inspired Mongolian of both a world-class museum and a world-class headdresses. I was invited back to the Smithsonian research institution. I had the opportunity to attend and Museum of Natural History in October 2006 to do participate in many lectures, discussions, workshops, demonstrations of felt making at the Mongolia 800 and meetings both in the Anthropology department here festival. and outside the museum. In late October I attended a The internship workshop on the Mongolian Rock Art Project hosted at the Arctic by Richard Kortum of Eastern Tennessee State Studies Center was University, where I learned a tremendous amount about a great opportunity current research in the region. I was also fortunate to for me to utilize meet a number of active researchers there from both the my creativity Smithsonian and other universities. After seeing some to make these of the inner workings of the Smithsonian, I now have a headdresses. It much greater understanding of the internal organization gave me insight on of the institution, and I have really enjoyed meeting working “behind so many different researchers and learning about their the scenes” in work. a world-class This fall my work has been focused on compiling, museum. One editing, and organizing materials for publication of my favorite of the 2011 Khoton-Biluut Project Field Report on things about this archaeological research in the Altai Mountains region internship was of western Mongolia. This work has been a great taking trips to the opportunity to learn more about Bronze and Iron Age storage collections archaeology in Eurasia, and has greatly influenced my of the museum’s Rachel Suntop wearing one of the scholarly interests by exposing me to the wide range many artifacts in garments made for the ASC. ASC Newsletter 37

Suitland, Maryland. This huge that is a retrospective of my building had 12 football-sized artwork since the late 1990s: rooms housing hundreds of http://su.pr/38pomF. I also thousands of treasures, including have a personal website at art, preserved animals and http://www.rsuntop.com, a costumes. There were so many blog at http://rsuntop.blog. objects that you could literally com/ and a Facebook page for not see every one of them in a my yarn at http://su.pr/9tDxsT. lifetime. Since working as an intern at A SUMMER WITH THE the Arctic Studies Center, I have MIDDLE DORSET worked for the last 5 years as an By Kristin Lapos assistant in an alterations shop in Urbana, Illinois. During this I had the incredible opportunity time, I have learned more about to complete an undergraduate garment construction, repair and fellowship in the Arctic Studies how to run a business. Center this past summer under I have a particular fondness the Natural History Research for traveling to northern places, Experience (NHRE) program. particularly Iceland, where I have This unique program, funded been three times. My first visit to for the first time last year by the Iceland was in May-June 2005 as Rachel Suntop in Rekjavik with Leif. National Science Foundation, a visiting artist in Hafnarfjordur. gives undergraduates like I was there for two months and created a body of myself the chance to assist with an original research sculptural textile work inspired by the landscapes, art project while living at George Washington University. and culture. In 2007, I returned to Iceland and also I was thrilled to collaborate with Stephen Loring on visited Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland for the an archaeological analysis of Middle Dorset culture first time. This trip inspired me to make a new body artifacts and debitage excavated from the remains of a of work inspired by Nordic landscape and culture. In winter house on Napatalik Island (GjCc-6) in Labrador. 2009, I took a trip to Ireland and learned more about I accepted the fellowship after several years of the Vikings and the connections between Irish and volunteering in the curatorial office of a very small Icelandic cultures. Most recently, in 2010, I returned to museum in eastern Pennsylvania, and I couldn’t Iceland for the third time. I also went back to Finland wait to find out how it compared to a large research and to Estonia for a first visit. institution like the Smithsonian. Boy, was I in for a I have also started 2 online craft shops on Etsy. One surprise! Having to flash a badge to a security officer features all handspun to get to work each and handmade yarns day took some getting at http://www. used to, as did the coolclimates.etsy. daily half-hour long com. The other one shuttle ride through features wearable Beltway traffic to get art, jewelry and craft to the massive MSC supplies at http://www. complex. Stephen coollight.etsy.com. In made my experience addition to working well worth the ride. on these online Nestled down a long shops, I have learned hallway in a forgotten a lot more about corner of the factory- general networking like compound was and applications Stephen’s cozy lab on the internet and space, with cabinets has become an piled with bags of expert in online seal bones, drawers entrepreneurship. full of carved tools Additionally, I came and figurines from out with a new book Kristin, Stephen and the raven at ASC MSC’s lab. around the Arctic, and, 38 ASC Newsletter of course, our stuffed raven discovery of two small mascot who oversaw the sherds of Amerindian pottery entire project. from the site raises questions We began by cataloging about contact between the the artifacts and debitage from Middle Dorset people and the site. My small museum Amerindians farther south. deals mainly with the large I couldn’t have asked for a chert and jasper projectile more exciting project. points typical of Pennsylvania On my days off, the NHRE Woodland cultures, so the program arranged private tiny tool industry of the Arctic Inuit Connections logo. Soapstone figurine from the tours of every major research Dorset people astounded middle-late Dorset site on Shuldham Island in Saglek Fjord, collection at the Natural me. I deeply appreciated the northern Labrador. Found during the Smithsonian's Torngat History Museum for the ingenuity of the Dorset as Archaeological Project, 1977-1978. small group of program they made their living in one fellows. What an experience of the harshest environments to actually see the intricately in the world using tiny burin-like tools, microblades, carved ceremonial designs on shell from Spiro and tip-fluted endblades. This project also introduced Mounds, or the colorful array of birds from around me to the beautiful and exotic Ramah chert, a milky, the world stored in the nondescript green cabinets near-translucent material studded with small black that line the hallways. Only a handful of people get to and brown splotches that made up the large majority see the Smithsonian as I and the other NHRE fellows of the lithic tools at Napatalik North-1. The Dorset saw it. I’m graduating from Muhlenberg College in people heavily exploited the valuable material, which May with an Anthropology degree and looking to my originates deep in the mountains of northern Labrador, future, and my experience working at the Smithsonian and transported it throughout the eastern Arctic to use definitely pushed me farther toward graduate school. in endblades and other tools. The residents of our site Kudos to everyone at the NHRE program, Stephen and were no exception. everyone at the Arctic Studies Center for giving me an Stephen mentioned at the outset that he thought experience I will never forget. the assemblage looked “worn out,” with plenty of fragmentary and ground-down tools, and our analysis Designing the Inuit Studies supported his observation. We found that the Ramah Conference chert tool to flake ratio for Napatalik North-1 was By Allison Maslow far lower than that found at other Dorset sites like Koliktalik-1, suggesting that the residents were I am a graphic designer with a variety of corporate conserving their precious Ramah chert by re-using and non-profit work experience. When my family and re-sharpening existing tools. The flakes of Ramah moved to Alexandria, Virginia in early 2011, I was chert tended toward the excited about the possibility thin and the small as the of volunteering at the residents focused their efforts Smithsonian. Through the more on re-touch than new Behind-the-Scenes Volunteer tool manufacture. Did the program I was connected residents’ Ramah chert with William Fitzhugh and supply chain fail that winter? Lauren Marr at the Arctic The site has the potential to Studies Center. The focus of contribute much evidence my work has been designing to the literature on Middle materials for the 18th Inuit Dorset trade and subsistence Studies Conference, Arctic patterns. / Inuit / Connections: The site also produced Learning from the Top of the two small endblades made World. I started by working from Newfoundland chert on a logo and some initial and knapped in a distinctly informational pieces for the southern style, providing conference, and soon I will more evidence of the be designing the conference residents’ dependence on program. I have enjoyed trade networks. The exciting Allison Maslow. learning about anthropology ASC Newsletter 39

and arctic studies, while being able to provide ASC in Richmond, Virginia. The collection offers an with my graphic design expertise. Meeting the staff and introduction to the distinctive character and themes of participating in the amazing work going on at NMNH Inuit art. Although long prolific in other art forms, is fun, rewarding, and a great creative outlet for me. printmaking in the Arctic began after 1957. Since I’m looking forward to continuing my design projects then it has become a thriving art form in the Arctic. for the conference in 2012. The collection on display represents the relationships between animals, humans, hunters, the hunted, and Arctic Culture Forum, Spring 2012 families. The perspectives of traditional Inuit elders By Laura Bell and contemporaries are skillfully and creatively presented in these images. Among the works are two The University by well-known artist Kenojuak Ashevak as well as of Virginia is various other internationally recognized artists. reawakening The March event will be a lecture and reception in to Inuit art and Brooks Hall by ASC’s Stephen Loring, co-sponsored culture through an by the Virginia Anthropology Society and the ACF. exciting series of Virginia Anthropology Society is the UVA student- displays and events governed organization for aspiring anthropologists. in Charlottesville, Loring has been invited by the Virginia Anthropology Virginia. Society to visit UVA and offer scholarly perspective Judith Varney on anthropology and the Arctic. The Virginia Burch, ASC research Anthropology Society is very grateful and excited that collaborator, has Loring has agreed to offer his time and knowledge opened a study for this event and to make himself available to UVA’s Laura Bell. gallery that serves interdepartmental faculty and students. UVA and the The third event will be an exhibition of Inuit wall community. Judy’s hangings produced by Nunavut women from Baker new office on the UVA Corner is alive with stone Lake. The tapestries carry images of humans and sculptures, prints, and cloth wall hangings, as well as animals interacting in hunting, fishing, and other forms. a myriad of books and learning materials for anyone This medium of cultural and creative expression in wishing to learn more about the Inuit and their art. In the North is less known and understood than the Cape making her knowledge and collections available to the Dorset prints, making it a rare treat for UVA and the public, she also is leading the way for the first Arctic community. Titled Circumpolar Culture on Cloth, this Culture Forum to be held here. collection will later this year begin an international tour Building on her passion for people of the Arctic, through venues in circumpolar capitals. The purpose of she has organized a new public series called the Arctic the circumpolar tour is to bridge indigenous groups and Culture Forum to introduce a range of topics about the societies throughout the Arctic in a focused celebration Arctic to students, faculty and the community. Judy is of Arctic cultural expression. The collection will be hosting the series of events in collaboration with UVA displayed on the UVA campus before its sendoff to the staff and students. Yukon and beyond, serving as a special and colorful Already in full swing, the Arctic Culture Forum conclusion to UVA’s Spring 2012 Arctic Culture (ACF) has developed its first season around three Forum. events: two educational art exhibits and one lecture to Judy is organizing this spring’s ACF series with the be held on and around the UVA campus. The Spring help of her UVA student intern Laura Bell, a fourth 2012 series began with an exhibit in Brooks Hall, an year Anthropology student. As both an oil painter and especially appropriate setting on the UVA campus. Anthropology student, Laura has a special interest in Originally a natural history museum, Brooks Hall the unique art forms of particular cultures, of which offers a spacious day lit room available to the public the Inuit are a prime example. She plans to pursue a and is located next to the Rotunda. Today Brooks Hall career path understanding the ways in which culture is the exclusive building of the UVA Anthropology and society develop methods of thinking and creating. Department and special lectures and events are Orchestrating educational events and art exhibits has frequently held in its Commons, a towering museum provided experience for a future exploring art within an space. anthropological thought process. The February event is an exhibit focused on Inuit Hopefully, this will be the first Arctic Culture images created in Cape Dorset on Baffin Island. Forum series of many, bringing multicultural Arctic This collection of prints was previously selected learning opportunities to students, faculty and the and displayed by the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts community in an informative and accessible program. 40 ASC Newsletter

BERGY BITS

“Aye, Aye, Captain!” Award for Perry Colbourne

Perry Colbourne of Lushes Bight, Newfoundland, received an NMNH Peer Recognition Award acknowledging his exceptional achievements as Captain of the Arctic Studies Center’s research vessel, Pitsulak. Colbourne has played a central role in the success of more than two decades of scientific work ranging from Newfoundland to Baffin Island, while mentoring more than one hundred students and volunteers. During the 1990s Frobisher Project and the 2001-2011 St. Lawrence Gateways Project, Perry’s negotiation of Canadian waters, including the largest Dorothy Lippert with Stephen Loring as he holds his Peer ice berg release in recorded history in 2011, ensured Recognition award. Photo: Lauren Marr the safety of all aboard and enabled the completion of research on European-Inuit contacts and discovery of Loring Receives Award for Innu the southernmost Inuit occupation ever found. Collaboration

Broadbent Receives Smithsonian This year the NMNH recognized Stephen Loring Prize in the form of a Peer Recognition Award for his exceptional achievements and commitment to Noel Broadbent was honored this year with one of collaboration with indigenous communities. The award the 2011 Smithsonian Secretary’s Research Prizes stated, “In the past, indigenous communities were for his publication, often treated as sources of information and specimens. Lapps and Labyrinths. Thanks to the innovative work and collaborative Saami Prehistory, approach of Stephen Loring, the Innu in Northern Colonization and Labrador not only have an excellent archaeologist Cultural Resilience, in their midst but also an advocate who values their published by the input into his research and who gives back to these Smithsonian Press in communities through workshops, camps, and field 2010. In proposing the schools.” Loring began working closely with Labrador award, Bill Fitzhugh Innu communities in the 1990s. Since then he has noted “Noel’s book is a developed community archaeology programs, mentored model of archaeological Innu and Inuit students, and has worked closely with and anthropological Native leaders and advisors to help preserve heritage, analysis and a wake- educate youth, and ensure a future for the past. up call illustrating how socially-aware WILFRED E. RICHARD UPI Appointment archaeology can inform Noel Broadbent won the our understanding of On January 4, 2012, Ann Andreasen, Chair of the Secretary’s Reseach Prize for his the past and open new Board of Greenland’s Uummannaq Polar Institute book Lapps and Labyrinths. doors for minority (UPI), announced the appointment of Wilfred E. groups. I think this is Richard as Research Fellow. The appointment follows one of the most important pieces of archaeological several visits by Dr. Richard to Ummannaq in which literature published by the Smithsonian since the he has collaborated with UPI with the assistance of 1960s, and its importance is greatly amplified by its Kunnunnguaq Fleischer of the Greenland Department accessible prose and stylistic presentation, which of Education and Research. Aspects of his work in begins on the front jacket with an engaging illustration Uummannaq will appear in Richard’s forthcoming using the colors of the Saame flag. Broadbent’s book book, Maine to Greenland: Exploring the Maritime Far has broad application and demonstrates the value of Northeast. While representing the ASC, Will has done anthropological studies for balancing the dominance of field research in conjunction with the UPI on stress history in native studies.” factors of climate, economic, and sovereign change ASC Newsletter 41 and their affect on cultural heritage and traditional ecological knowledge. Richard’s work has been crucial in establishing UPI’s relationships with other institutions like the Peary-MacMiIllan Arctic Museum of Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine, and Maine’s Chewonki Foundation. Will’s work with UPI and Børnehjemmet in Greenland has led Ummannaq’s becoming a member chapter of the International Appalachian Trail (IAT) that extends from Maine though Canada to Greenland. Norman Hallendy Wins Medal

ASC Research Associate, Norman Hallendy recieved the Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Medal which is awarded to individuals Ann and Ole with life-size figure of Admiral Peary. Photo: Wilfred in the Commonwealth to honor their Richard. significant contribution and achievement. The medal marks the 2012 celebrations Energy capturing in the MFN represents a paradigm of the 60th anniversary of her Majesty change from locally drawn carbohydrate energy Queen Elizabeth 11 accession to the gathered directly from fish, whales, seals, and caribou Throne as Queen of Canada. The Royal to imported hydrocarbon energy as refined petroleum Canadian Geographical Society on products from the world of agriculture and industry. behalf of the Queen’s representative the Through application of liquid fuel, peoples of this Governor General of Canada, presented region have been able to leverage greater amounts of the medal to Norman Hallendy with the local carbohydrates. The result for the Arctic peoples following citation: Thank you for all you is alienation from the land, from their traditional ways, have done and will, I hope, continue to and migration to settlements with denser population do for the Royal Canadian Geographical concentrations. As a result, adaptation is no longer Society. This honor from the Canadian Crown is a keyed to Arctic biological resources life but to the fitting recognition of your important contribution. market demands of southern economic practices. Will’s final theme reflected upon the fact that Will Richard On the Maritime Far change in the Arctic and Subarctic is not driven simply Northeast by climate. Associated stress factors include sovereign By Bill Fitzhugh and economic change with negative implications for cultural heritage and the loss of knowledge of On 12 March, Wilfred Richard presented a lecture, traditional means of ecological adaptation. “Tradition and Change in the Maritime Far Northeast,” The lecture was accompanied by musical sponsored by the Center for Circumpolar Studies and presentations organized by René Kristensen, a teacher, the Smithsonian Arctic Studies Center at the Kellog- therapist and project director of the Children’s Home Hubbard Library in Montpelier, Vermont. The lecture and the Uummannaq Polar Institute in Greenland. was part of the CCS Osgood Lecture Series. Will’s René and two young Greenlandic men, Svend Zeeb topic was presented within the framework his ten- and Innunguaq Zeeb, were returning from their year geographical study of the region from Maine musical performance in New York City at Scandinavian to Greenland, soon to be published by Smithsonian House and a visit to the Explorer’s Club. Books. Using maps and his spectacular photography his lecture covered three themes: geography, energy, Alaska state moves to preserve and change. Alaska’s indigenous languages Within this spatial context of the Maritime Far Northeast (MFN), northern places and peoples of JUNEAU (from Alaska Native News) -- The Alaska Maine, Atlantic Canada, Gulf of St. Lawrence, State Senate passed a bill on Tuesday aimed at Labrador, Nunavut, and Greenland are unified by protecting and restoring Alaska Native Languages. six shared cross-border elements: nautical tradition, Senate Bill 130 will establish the Alaska Native fishing, whaling, Ramah chert trade, Norse voyaging Language Preservation and Advisory Council to assess by Leif Ericson to L’Anse aux Meadows, the ASC’s St. the state of Alaska Native Languages, reevaluate the Lawrence Gateways Basque and Inuit excavations, and programs within the state, and make recommendations the International Appalachian Trail. to the Governor and Legislature to establish new 42 ASC Newsletter programs or reorganize the by telephone, and then through current programs. this short note she prepared for “Alaska Native Languages are the ASC Newsletter.] threatened by extinction,” said Senator Olson. “Indigenous Probably because of DNA, I’ve languages are the most critical never lost my archaeological components in terms or avocation and am still an preservation of cultural ideas avid reader of all things and traditions and serve as archaeological. I’ve had the backbone of all cultural marvelous experiences and elements. Senate Bill 130 scientists visiting Vero treat me ensures that these important like a living fossil of SI lore. Alaska Native customs continue I am constantly amazed with on.” the incredible and precise tools Judi Collins (center) at the Vero Man Site with friends According to the University Susan Grandpierre (left) and Sandra Rawls from the now available to the scientist in of Alaska’s Native Language Old Vero Ice Age Sites Committee, who are planning a the field. Center’s Population and modern excavation of the internationally known Vero When I lived in Anchorage, Speaker Statistics published in Man Site in Vero Beach, Florida. the Alaska Purchase Centennial 2007, only 22 percent Alaska Commission invited me to Natives statewide can speak help refurbish an original their native language. More specifically, only 29 1900’s railroad car to pre-Gold-Rush standards and percent of the Eskimo and Aleut population, less than which represented Alaska from her earliest beginnings 2 percent of the Tsimshian and Haida, and less than to 1967. Her former glory restored, I was assigned 5 percent of the Athabascan and Tlingit communities the ancient artifacts and lore---a true labor of love. combined are fluent speakers. The Eyak language SI was our main source of material and we were lent recently lost its last native fluent speaker. some lovely artifacts. Of course, SI didn’t then have a Of the state’s 20 Alaska Native languages, only footprint in Anchorage, so everything had to be flown two (Siberian Yupik in two villages on St. Lawrence in with some unusual arrival times---many sub-zero Island, and Central Yup’ik in seventeen villages in midnights. The “Midnight Sun’s” planned two year run southwestern Alaska) are spoken by children as the first was extended to five and we received rave reviews. language of the home. Egypt has always been on my bucket list and I was “My hope is the advisory council will give effective able to go before Arab Spring. On a visit to Cairo, representation for Alaska Native languages at the through the kindness of Dr. Zahi Hawass, I was able state level, which would be a monumental event for to visit a recently discovered tomb of a minor royal. many elders who still remember being scolded in To be able to look upon the face of a man buried 5,000 school for speaking their first language,” said Senator years ago was truly a mystical experience. I wonder Olson. “This Legislation is the most significant piece what the ancient embalmers would think of today’s of legislation affecting Alaska Native languages since tools so readily available: probes, scopes, Xrays, 1972 when laws were passed requiring mandatory microbiological data. It was reassuring to watch bilingual education in state-operated schools where the epigraphers at work by hand. The results were children speak Alaska Native languages.” astounding. The council would be comprised of endangered In 1988 after the death of my parents (Henry B. language experts from across the state appointed by the and Carolyn W. Collins), I flew to Nome, chartered governor, plus two non-voting legislators from the bush a plane and scattered their ashes over Cape Prince of caucus. Senate Bill 130 now heads to the House for Wales. We landed to unload cargo and several of the further consideration. villagers remembered him. They passed the old dig pictures around with much pleasure. News From Judi Collins Before I left Alaska, I was invited by Dr. Peter By Judi Collins Schweitzer of the University of Alaska Fairbanks, to visit their outstanding campus and to meet “Blue [Editor: Recently we were re-connected with Judi Babe,” the mummified Ice Age ox. After chatting Collins, Henry Collins’ daughter, after she met Jeff with Peter and the Chancellor, I was able to become a Speakman and Dennis Stanford in Vero Beach, small part of the fascinating on-going work. The first Florida. Judi and I used to be in touch frequently when recipient of the Collins Circumpolar Scholarship was Henry’s health declined and he could no longer come Ben (now Dr.) Potter, who made the recent discovery to his office. It was exciting to her from hear again, first of the earliest human remains in Northern North ASC Newsletter 43

America (an Ice Age child cremation), and one of the New Job at Sheldon Jackson Museum earliest ancient residents of the Americas. This work for former ASC fellow and intern has transformed our understanding of early Beringian By Nadia Jackinsky peoples. In the same week as Dr. Potter’s discovery, I heard I started my job as the curator of collections at about the Old Vero Ice Age site. I became interested the Sheldon Jackson Museum in Sitka, Alaska in right away. It is the most exciting project I’ve ever September 2011. Looking back at the experiences been involved with. A little background: In 1913 that helped prepare me for this job, the Arctic Studies fossilized human bones were discovered in Indian Center has played an important role. I had my first River County, Florida. Dr. Frank Sellards, the Fla. experience working with the Arctic Studies Center as State Geologist, found human remains together in an archaeological technician in Kenai Fjords National context with 28 extinct fauna. He estimated their Park with Aron Crowell in 2004. Following this, I age about 10,000 years. Many scientists disagreed, completed three internships at the ASC Anchorage including (as was his want) Smithsonian’s Dr. Arleš office and a graduate fellowship underWilliam Hrdlička. Dr. Jeff Speakman, formerly a Smithsonian Fitzhugh at the DC office between 2004 and 2007. scientist, has been involved These experiences gave with us from the beginning. me some of my first The permitting process opportunities to work has been a nightmare. Due directly with museum to the untiring efforts of collections. Susan Grandpierre, one The Sheldon Jackson of our founders, all are now Museum has an incredibly in place. As a novice, I had rich collection of Alaska no idea of how complicated Native artifacts that were these things have become. primarily acquired during Even leaving the officials the late 1880s and 1890s. (and their egos) aside, The founder, Dr. Sheldon everyone seems to feel that Jackson (1834-1909), had their input must be used—at opportunities to collect least 10 agencies! In 2008, throughout villages in a local fossil hunter, James Alaska in his capacity as Kennedy, found a piece General Agent of Education of bone with an image of a during his annual school walking mammoth etched inspections of the early into it. There is no question Nadia Jackinsky. Alaskan government that it is man-made and schools. The majority of it captures the forward the artifacts he assembled motion of the mammoth. Drs. Barbara Purdy, became part of the Sheldon Jackson Museum when he Richard Hulbert, Jr., Kevin Jones, and teams from founded the museum in 1887 (the first museum in the the University of Florida and the Florida Museum of territory). The Smithsonian Institution holds the second Natural History determined that it was the first of its largest group of artifacts collected by Sheldon Jackson, kind in the “Lower 48” Western Hemisphere. This was some of which Jackson collected for the Smithsonian at verified by Dr. Denis Stanford of the Smithsonian. the request of Spencer Baird, and others which were The site is indeed 13,000-14,000 years old and is proof sold to the museum by Jackson’s daughters, Lesley and positive that people and animals co-existed on this Delia, after he passed away. Some of the highlights of Atlantic Ocean area at the end of the last period of our collection include salmon skin garments, argillite glaciation. Dr. Stanford’s work was published last carvings, a house post carved by Master Tlingit carver summer in Journal of Archaeological Science. Kadjis.du.axtc, over four hundred Inupiat and Yup’ik The site of interest is small in area but huge in masks, and a sizable basketry collection. possibilities. In October of this year we will use GPR As curator at the Sheldon Jackson Museum, I and core samples to determine the most productive site am looking forward to expanding our programs for for our first trench which we hope to begin in 2013. Alaska Native artists, helping our museum establish an When Collins made his early discoveries, the party Alaska Native advisory board, updating our museum went in by dog-sled. As Dr. Fitzhugh said, “Today exhibitions to include artists’ names where known, and Henry would be amazed and enthusiastic to see how far expanding research on our extensive mask collection we’ve come.” from Western Alaska. 44 ASC Newsletter

I am excited about future opportunities to looks at the way the saga, the landscape of the valley, collaborate with the Smithsonian Institution. In March, and the material culture of the area intersect with our museum will host Arctic Studies Center graduate the local community’s sense of place, identity, and fellow Amy Chan who will study our ivory collections communal mourning from the twelth century into the and share her research as part of our winter lecture present day. series. Later this summer we are collaborating with I am relieved to be in the final stretches of my Keevin Lewis at the National Museum of American dissertation, after taking extended breaks from it Indian on a pilot program to bring a group of Alaska to work on exhibitions for Vikingaheimar Museum Native artists to our museum to study our collections in Reykjanesbær, Iceland, with Viking ship captain and develop community artist programs. Gunnar Marel Eggertsson. I leave that museum in the capable hands of the local township, who have made viking Co-Curator Update some changes to the core Smithsonian exhibition in the By Elizabeth I. Ward last few months. I am gratified another local Icelandic community is now using history, place, story, and The former Viking exhibit mistress of the ASC will objects to forge their sense of themselves, and wish be filing her dissertation this year with the University them well. of California, Berkeley, Department of Scandinavian Languages and Literature. My dissertation chair, Petermann Ice Island: Greenland to John Lindow, has a harrowing PhD story involving Newfoundland the security at an airport in Sweden that almost rivals By Wilfred Richard Stephen Loring’s PhD story involving the security at the Smithsonian. I am hoping my filing will go more In Greenland in the spring of 2010 I met Alun smoothly; these things are all done electronically these Hubbard, a glaciologist from Aberystwyth University days! That is good in some ways, but bad in others, in Wales while he was measuring the movement of since it means the glaciers at the head of Uummannaq Fjord. In 2009 and dissertation will be 2010 Dr. Hubbard available for the had placed recording whole world to see instruments on the the day after it is floating seaward end filed. I rest assured of the Petermann that it won’t see the Glacier and light of day until it discovered that the is ready, thanks to structural integrity of my excellent faculty the shelf was rapidly advisors, including degrading. Later Meg Conkey, that year on August who agreed to be 5, 2010, a 12-mile on my committee wide and 3,000 thanks to Stephen’s foot thick piece of recommendation, and floating ice was Karin Sanders, who released from the recently published a Alun Hubbard and crew. Photo: Wilfred Richard. Petermann Glacier. book that would be This was the largest of interest to many archaeologists entitled Bodies in the iceberg to calve in Greenland in almost half a century. Bog and the Archaeological Imagination (University of Once caught in the southbound Labrador Current, Chicago Press, 2009). this floating massif began a year-long journey to Like my dissertation committee, my dissertation is Newfoundland and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. half material cultural/archaeological in focus, and half In July 2011, our Gateways Project archaeology team literature/sagas. All the research was done in Iceland, embarked from Lushes Bight, Newfoundland, bound, but the writing was all done in California. So I am for the Quebec Lower North shore. Within 15 minutes continuing to be “bipolar”. The object of study is a of setting sail we encountered Petermann icebergs. valley in Northern Iceland, Skagafjorður, a valley I Usually we see one or two bergs near the northern tip became familiar with while on an archaeological dig of Newfoundland – but not at the entrance of Notre led by John Steinberg, now with the University of Dame Bay. It turned out that a 10-mile long Petermann Massachusettes. A little-studied and uncelebrated saga remnant had grounded in southern Labrador off Battle is set in this valley, Þórðar saga hreðu. My dissertation Harbor. Rounding the northern tip of Newfoundland ASC Newsletter 45 and crossing the the request of Strait of Belle Isle, the Canadian we found a huge Boreal Initiative berg off the coast to highlight the of Blanc Sablon newly proposed being circled by a Pimachiowin Aki fishing boat full of World Heritage tourists, and even a Site; a project of jet-ski rider. five Anishinabe Three weeks later, First Nations. returning from For our purposes, our Hare Harbor it was designed digs, we stopped to extend the for a few days in Boreal Forest fire. Photo:Robert Mullen. geographic range Quirpon at the of our expedition northern tip of Newfoundland near the L’Anse aux coverage westward and to delve deep into the heart Meadows Viking site. As we prepared to leave the next of the North American forest (this entire route would morning we found the exit of the harbor blocked by a be within what USGS Landsat images show to be the Petermann berg, leaving only a small channel on one largest remaining contiguous block of forest on Earth) side. After waiting for a large wave to roll in, giving as opposed to the previous expeditions in Québec, us an extra meter of water depth, Perry gave Pitsiulak Ontario and Labrador that have all explored the full throttle and we surged through to open water. For northern, southern and eastern transitions zones. the next two days we navigated through a plethora of Our crew of six, including three painters and a icebergs along Newfoundland’s northeast coast. Later photographer, set out August 2 from Red Lake, we learned that the mother iceberg located off Labrador Ontario with the goal of paddling the Bloodvein River had broken free as two icebergs and it was between to Lake Winnipeg where we were to be feted with a these and their offspring that we were traveling. The celebratory feast by the Bloodvein First Nation a month Canadian Ice Service measured the size of each of later. However, during that first day, a small spot fire these icebergs at about 2x3 miles in dimension, with a south of our route that we had been assured posed no combined total area of 12.4 square miles. threat, exploded into a historic Force 5 conflagration Later in the fall I learned from our skipper, Perry and headed straight for us. Forced to evacuate, we Colbourne, that Petermann ice was still plaguing the were picked up by Woodland Caribou Provincial Park coasts around Notre Dame Bay. In the waters between personnel and returned to Red Lake. Long Island and Pilley’s Island, he counted 59 icebergs, After learning that Manitoba was on the point of and ferry service to Long Island had been interrupted declaring a ‘backcountry travel ban’ because of the for several days by a massive berg. But by a month or fires and conferring with the park Superintendant and two later the massive Petermann had become one with our outfitter, we plotted an alternative route that stayed the Atlantic. within the park in Ontario while maintaining as many of our original goals as possible. We were back in the Sources: http://www.irishweatheronline.com/news/ field the next day and were treated to some of the finest earth-science/glaciology/large-ice-island-grounded-off- canoeing country anywhere in the world. The new newfoundland/32054.html & http://www.walesonline. route allowed a very leisurely pace and we typically co.uk/go-green/go-green-climate/2011/09/02/ spent 2-3 days at choice campsites. Consequently this scientist-left-speechless-as-vast-glacier-turns-to- expedition was artistically very productive and in fact, water-91466-29349051/ is only rivalled by our 2006 George River expedition that had twice as many artists. We are completing the westward scope of our “Heart of the Boreal Expedition” expeditions this summer with the first of two journeys August 2 – 29, 2011 that will circumnavigate the western Brooks Range By Rob Mullen in Alaska on the Noatak and Kobuk Rivers, from the mountain glaciers of Mt Igikpak to the Chukchi Sea. Since its founding in 2005, WREAF has continued However, sometime before the exhibition design is an ongoing series of art expeditions in cooperation complete, we would like to go back and paddle the with the Arctic Studies Center in furtherance of an Bloodvein. Considering the region is one of the richest exhibition proposal on the Boreal Forest. This latest in Aboriginal sites in Canada, it would be particularly expedition traversed a region steeped in thousands interesting to have an anthropologist/archaeologist on of years of Anishinabe culture and was undertaken at the crew. 46 ASC Newsletter

TRANSITIONS

Vera Espinola-Beery 1932-2011 she curated Titanic and many other exhibitions around By William Fitzhugh the country. Vera was a consumate professional, but she was On April 27, 2011, the ASC lost one of its earliest and much more: a beloved family person who welcomed dearest friends--Vera Espinola Beery--at the age of strangers into her home at the drop of a hat. She was 79 after a life filled with excitement, adoration, and devoted to the beliefs and history of Russian Orthodoxy culture. Vera spent ten years of her life working as and became an authority on Russian icons and their conservator on the ASC's Crossroads of Continents: conservation. After Crossroads we kept in touch and Cultures of Siberia and Alaska exhibition and was visited many times in DC and later in Tampa. I always one of the first conservators to collaborate with wanted to do another show with her but never got the Carolyn Rose while Carolyn was developing the chance. Our friendship is a dear memory. field of anthropological conservation and building the Natural History Museum's Anthropology Conservation Deanna Marie Paniataaq Kingston Program in the 1970s-80s. July 21, 1964-Dec. 2, 2011 Vera was born in Chicago to Russian immigrants from Vladivostok and married Mario Espinola, an Deanna Kingston’s many Smithsonian friends and immigrant from the Dominican Republic. They raised colleagues were deeply sadden to learn of her four children in Fairfax, Va. and she received an MA in passing. Deanna was one of the first Native American Museum Studies from George Washington University. Fellowship interns at the Arctic Studies Center when During the 1980s she joined the Crossroads team as she came to Washington in August 1992 to work with we began collaborating with the Russian Academy of Stephen Loring and later Jake Homiak on a variety of Sciences and the American Museum of Natural History, projects pertaining to her King Island heritage. During making numerous trips to study Russian-American the summer of 1993 Jake was successful in bringing collections in St. Petersburg (then Leningrad) and a significant collection of film footage shot by Father Moscow. Her Russian fluency and family background Bernard Hubbard on King Island in the mid-1930’s was an important ground-breaker with Russian officials and he arranged a contract for Deanna to process this and scholars. After Crossroads she branched out, important collection. Deanna subsequently received taking on conservation and curatorial duties that led a grant from the NSF to further research the Hubbard eventually to becoming U.S. Curator for the Florida collection. We cherish our memories of Deanna and International Museum's Treasures of the Czars. Later her uncle, Alex Muktoyuk, smiling and laughing as

Vera Espinola at Kunstkamera (Museum of Anthropology and Ethnology) in St. Petersburg (Leningrad) for Crossroads collection research in 1986. Also shown are Bill and Martha Holm, William Sturtevant and Jean-Loup Rousselot. ASC Newsletter 47 they watched Hubbard’s footage of Deanna’s mother Science Association meeting, sponsored in part by the and grand-mother when the village on King Island was Alaska Native Science Commission, on collaborating still a thriving community. –Stephen Loring with Arctic communities. She was cognizant of efforts both in the circumpolar Arctic and in the Pacific [Taken from Anchorage Daily News] Northwest to consult, respect, and collaborate with Native American/indigenous communities, particularly OSU Professor of anthropology, Dr. Deanna Kingston, when it comes to their knowledge of the environment. 47, of Corvallis followed her ancestors on December Deanna's inspirational thoughts and ideas will be kept 2, 2011. Deanna, descendent of the King Island Native alive in the numerous articles and publications she Community, was born, raised, and resided in Oregon. wrote and in the legacy of the students she advised. Her She is survived by her supportive and loving family, unerring commitment to the betterment of others and son Edward Tattayuna Kingston, parents Olga her community were demonstrated in her participation Muktoyuk Kingston and Dalena in a myriad of organizations such SpiritSong Kingston, Sister Rena as the International Arctic Social Seunninga, brother-in-law Henk Science Association, Alaska Seunninga; niece Kenna and Anthropology Association, the nephew Connor Ryan Seunninga, Arctic Institute of North America brothers Kevin and A. Scott and the Planning Committee for Kingston and numerous family in the International Conference Nome, Anchorage, Fairbanks and the on Indigenous Placenames, greater Alaska region. Guovdageiadnu, Norway, September Deanna often commented 2010. that she felt she was born an In 2003 she received a National anthropologist. Her love for peoples, Science Foundation grant to cultures, stories and legends carried document and compare scientific her to many parts of the world knowledge with traditional but always brought her home. Dr. ecological knowledge of King Kingston received her BS in Science Island, Alaska. Thanks to her Communications from the University work through this grant, many of Portland in 1986, an MAIS in King Island peoples were able to Cultural Anthropology from Oregon return to King Island and share State University in 1993 and her PhD their knowledge and wisdom in Anthropology from the University Deanna Kingston with the younger King Islanders. of Alaska Fairbanks in 1999. In This work culminated in one 2000, Dr. Kingston began her journey as a professor of of her proudest accomplishments, the King Island anthropology at Oregon State University. An unfailing Placenames Project interactive website that documents supporter of students of color, she worked tirelessly the cultural geography, biogeography and traditional with Native students, advising and co-advising many ecological knowledge of King Island (http://www. native graduate students over her 10 plus years at kingislandplacename.com/). Oregon State University. Working as an advisor for Devoted to furthering numerous causes and the Native American Longhouse, she supported Native helping others along their paths, Deanna kept a long- students and faculty alike at OSU, and served as one running, open, intimate diary of her journey with of the finest role models of a colleague, friend, mentor, cancer (deeupdates.blogspot.com) that was a source and scholar. of inspiration and healing for her, her friends and Deanna had many great accomplishments families, and countless others living with or affected by through her work, her son and family, and her open the disease. Despite the often heavy topics of her blog candor during her long battle with cancer. She posts, Deanna strove to find the humor and insight in served on the National Science Foundation's Office every situation and communicate both to others. Her of Polar Programs Advisory Committee and also courageous and kind spirit will forever be missed and on the SEARCH (Study for Environmental Arctic remembered. Change) Responding to Change Panel. Dr. Kingston About her next voyage, Deanna wrote on her blog, participated in numerous workshops and conferences “don’t be sad, be happy for my passing 'cause I’m including “Designing an Arctic Observing Network” in going on a wonderful journey. I’m not sure where, but Copenhagen, Denmark, an international conference on if you miss me, just think about me and I’ll be there- indigenous knowledge at Pennsylvania State University wrapping you with my spirit, keeping you comfortable, and a workshop at the International Arctic Social wishing you well.” 48 ASC Newsletter

PUBLICATIONS

New book published in the seen via thousands of science publications it generated. Arctic Studies “Contributions to To assess the specific footprint of IPY in the field of Circumpolar Anthropology” series Arctic social science field, my internAnne Musica and I started a pilot project in summer 2011 to compile Faces We Remember/Neqamikegkaput, a searchable “Bibliography of the a new photographic catalog exploring IPY 2007–2008 publications in the one of the NMAI historical photo social sciences and the humanities” collections from Alaska has been (see story by Anne Musica, this published by the Arctic Studies issue). Originally, the aim of the Contributions to Circumpolar project was to test the coverage and Anthropology Series as its no.9 issue. to complement, if needed, the main The 196-page catalog with over 140 IPY electronic Publication Database historical images from NMAI has (IPYPD). been produced under the editorship The IPYPD has been a joint of Igor Krupnik and Vera Oovi venture of the Arctic Science and Kaneshiro, Yupik educator from Technology Information System St. Lawrence Island, Alaska, now (ASTIS) at the Arctic Institute of living in Anchorage. The catalog North American in Calgary, Canada; features photographs of people from the Cold Regions Bibliography St. Lawrence Island taken by dental Project of the American Geosciences surgeon Leuman M. Waugh in 1929 Institute in Alexandria, VA, USA; the and 1930, while on detail with the Faces We Remember. Scott Polar Research Institute Library USCGS Northland. It is an outcome in Cambridge, UK; the Discovery of a joint ASC-NMAI project initiated and Access of Historic Literature in 2002; Stephen Loring and Lars Krutak (then at of the IPYs (DAHLI) project in Boulder, CO, and NMAI) also contributed to the catalog, as did Igor’s the National Information Services Corporation, a research partners from St. Lawrence Island, Willis bibliographic software company in Andhra Pradesh, Walunga, Vera Mertcalf, Ralph Apatiki and many India. By the summer of 2011, the IPYPD already others. Over 100 photos, most of them originally featured almost 5000 entries, including those related to unmarked and without captions, are now accompanied IPY 2007–2008, as well as to the First IPY 1882–1883, by stories and comments by today’s Yupik elders, the Second IPY 1932–1933 and IGY 1957–1958. recorded in 2002-2007, that speak about people and Today’s number is close to 5,500 entries (http://nes. activities featured on the images. biblioline.com/scripts/login.dll). The book was produced by the ASC in partnership The social science and humanities (‘people’) with the Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press (kudos studies generated one of the most dynamic fields in IPY to Ginger Strader!). Out of 1100 print, 350 copies 2007–2008, with more than 30 international research have been shipped to the Native Village of Savoonga and outreach projects and numerous national initiatives. and 300 copies to the Native Village of Gambell, the Cumulatively, they engaged an estimated force of 2000 two communities on the island, where the descendants researchers, students, local collaborators, indigenous of the people featured on Waugh’s photographs reside. experts and monitors, and community liaisons in all Copies are available from SI Scholarly Press or from nations across the northern circumpolar zone. They the Arctic Studies Center for $22.50. already published scores of books, collections, catalogs and several hundred articles on various aspects of IPY 2007–2008 Publications in the Social their IPY research. By summer 2011, the IPYPD Sciences and Humanities listed more than 200 entries identified as belonging By Igor Krupnik to the ‘social sciences’ and the ‘humanities.’ Upon our request, Ross Goodwin, Manager of the Arctic Following the official closing of the International Polar Science and Technology Information System (ASTIS) Year (IPY) 2007–2008 in June 2010 and the publication at the Arctic Institute of North America in Calgary of its summary report in 2011 (ASC Newsletter 18), compiled that original sample and shared it with us for IPY researchers, science historians, educators, and verification. After carefully crosschecking the IPYPD agencies that supported IPY continue to explore its list for duplicates and non-related entries from other many legacies. Among these, is the impact of IPY as disciplines, I trimmed the number to some 150. Anne ASC Newsletter 49 and I then worked for six and the humanities field weeks in July and August in IPY 2007–2008. The 2011 in identifying and ultimate goal is to keep the adding new entries to the database growing at least database from various until 2012–2013, with collections and publications the prospective ‘cut-off’ from 2003-2011. I also date of 2014 (five years contacted the leaders of after the completion of individual IPY projects IPY) or even 2015. The in the social sciences and work on the database will humanities and asked be presented at the IPY them to share their project “Knowledge to Action” publications. By late conference in Montreal, August 2011, the database IPY publications. Photo: Igor Krupnik. Canada in April 2012 and was expanded to over 700 will continue in summer entries. Response from the project leaders was critical 2012. to bring it to its current size, which is almost four times The best strategy to make the social science larger than what is listed in the IPYPD. publication database usable, besides merging it into Communication with the project teams also offered the IPYPD, is to offer open access to polar researchers some clues to assess the prospective full size of the and students via major electronic portals and/or IPY social science and humanities database. So far, professional websites, such as those of the International the publication information has been collected (and Arctic Social Sciences Association (IASSA), inserted) on 22 international projects (out of 33 in International Arctic Science Commission (IASC), the IPY ‘people’ field). A highly artificial average Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), number is about 20-30 publications per project during Arctic Studies Center (ASC) and the likes. Stay tuned 2005-2011; several major projects have generated for the prospect of surfing through the IPY 2007–2008 50-60 publications. With the remaining list of 10-12 ‘sea of knowledge’ soon to come. international projects yet to cover one may assume at least 150-200 new entries to be added to the database. Maine to Greenland: Exploring the In addition, several nations (like the U.S., Russia, Maritime Far Northeast Sweden, and Canada) have initiated their national IPY By William Fitzhugh efforts supported by the national funding programs. Some were full-scale research projects with substantial In spring 2013, Smithsonian Books will publish Maine publication output yet to be tracked and covered. to Greenland: Exploring the Maritime Far Northeast Such work may eventually produce additional 100- by Wilfred E. Richard and William W. Fitzhugh. 150 entries, so that the overall number of the IPY Maine to Greenland has been in preparation for publications in the social sciences and humanities nearly a decade, when Will Richard travelled widely field should be in the range of 1000–1100 for the years throughout the region, in part with Bill Fitzhugh. The 2005–2011. book is premised upon the continuing cross-border To advance the search capacity of the pilot ‘social geographic, ecological, cultural, and historical unity of science’ database, IPY project numbers were added a region that during the past century has been divided to 700 current entries wherever by the national boundaries, possible. Codes for eight loss of cultural traditions, and geographic (Alaska, Canada, emerging globalism. Wide- Greenland, Scandinavia, Russia, ranging essays and spectacular Arctic, Antarctic, and Polar, photography are presented with general) and for 10 thematic the production assistance of fields within the humanities editor Letitia O’Connor and and social sciences have been book designer Dana Levy of introduced. Eventually, all Perpetua Press of Santa Barbara. entries in the social science/ The marketing plan calls for humanities database will distribution in the United States, receive their respective project, Canada, and Denmark and geographic and thematic codes, Greenland. Lectures and book to ensure a complete statistical signings will accompany book Maine to Greenland assessment of the social sciences release. 50 ASC Newsletter

2011 ASC STAFF PUBLICATIONS Hik, Jeronimo Lopez-Martinez, Volker Rachold, Eduard Sarukhanian, and Colin Summerhaeys, eds. 2011, 720 pp. Noel D. Broadbent Canadian Circumpolar Institute and University of the Arctic: Specific contributed chapters: Chapter 1.1: "From IPY-1 2011. Broadbent, Noel D. & Britta Wennstedt Edvinger. to IPY 2007–2008: Making Global Science" (lead author, “Sacred Sites, Settlements and Ethnonyms: Ancient Saami pp. 5–28, Chapter 1.2: "Origination of IPY 2007–2008 Landscapes in Northern Coastal Sweden.” Peter Jordan, ed, (2000–2003)" (lead author, pp.29–47). Chapter 1.3: "Early Siberian Cultures, West Coast Press. Planning (2003-2004)." (Igor Krupnik, Cynan Ellis-Evans, and Chris Elfring, lead authors, pp.49–68.) Chapter 1.5: Aron L. Crowell "Organization and Implementation of IPY, 2005–2009" (Ian Allison and Igor Krupnik, lead authors, pp. 87–114). Chapter 2011. "Ethnicity and Periphery: The Archaeology 2.10: "Polar societies and Social Processes" (Igor Krupnik and of Identity in Russian America." In The Archaeology Grete Hovelsrud, lead authors, pp.311–334). Chapter 3.10: of Capitalism in Colonial Contexts, edited by Sarah K. "Human-based observing systems; indigenous monitoring" Croucher and Lindsay Weiss, pp. 85-104. Contributions to (Grete Hovelsrud, Igor Krupnik and Jeremy White, lead Global Historical Archaeology. Springer, New York. authors, pp.435–456). "Epilogue" (Lead author, pp. 628–632). 2011. “How Many Eskimo Words for Ice?” Collecting William W. Fitzhugh Inuit Sea Ice Terminologies in IPY 2007–2008 Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe canadien 2011, 55(1):56-68. 2011. Fitzhugh, WW. and J Bayarsaikhan. "Mapping 2011. "IPY 2007–2008 and Social Sciences: A Challenge Ritual Landscapes in Bronze Age Mongolia and Beyond: of Fifty Years." In Arctic Social Sciences – Prospects for the Interpreting the Ideoscape of the Deer Stone-Khirigsuur International Polar Year 2007–2008 Era and Beyond. Birger Complex." In Mapping Mongolia: Situating Mongolia in Poppel and Yvon Csonka, eds. Topics in Arctic Social Sciences the World from Geologic Time to the Present, edited by 6, pp.61–93. Paula Sabloff and Fred Hiebert , pp.166-192. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum. Stephen Loring 2011. Fitzhugh, WW., A Herzog, S Perdikaris, and B McLeod. "Ship to Shore: Inuit, Early Europeans, and 2011. Contributing author. The Inuvialuit Smithsonian Maritime Landscapes in the Northern Gulf of St. Lawrence." Project: Winter 2009-Spring 2011. Volume 1, June 2011. In The Archaeology of Maritime Landscapes: When the Land 2012. Jenkinson, Anthony and Stephen Loring. Meets the Sea, edited by Ben Ford. PP. 99-108. New York: Tshikapisk Foundation Archaeological Research in 2011. Springer. Department of Tourism, Culture and Recreation Provincial 2011. Fitzhugh, WW. The Gateways Project 2010: Archaeology Office Archaeology Review 10:89-102. Land Excavations at Hare Harbor, Mécatina, 2010 Quebec Field Report. 120 pp. Produced by Lauren Marr. Photo contributions by Wilfred Richard. Washington DC: Arctic PUBLICATIONS AVAILABLE FROM THE ASC Studies Center. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian. http://www.mnh.si.edu/arctic/html/pub_field. Ghenghis Khan and the Mongol Empire. Edited by William html Fitzhugh, Morris Rossabi, and William Honeychurch. 2011. Fitzhugh, WW. "An Inuit Winter House on Petit 317pp. Washington, D.C.: Dino Inc., the Mongolian Mécatina (Hare Harbor-1, EdBt-3) and Notes on the Harp Preservation Foundation, and Smithsonian Arctic Seal Failure of 2010." Provincial Archaeology Office 2010 Studies Center. 2009. Archaeology Review 9:37-50. Department of Tourism, Lapps and Labyrinth: Saami Prehistory, Colonization, and Culture and Recreation. St. John’s, Newfoundland. http:// Cultural Resilience. Broadbent, Noel D. Contributions www.tcr.gov.nl.ca/tcr/publications/index.html#Newsletters to Circumpolar Anthropology, vol 7, 2008. Faces We Remember/Neqamikegkaput. Krupnik, Igor. Igor Krupnik Contributions to Circumpolar Anthropology, vol 8, 2011. 2011. Faces of Alaska/Neqamikegkaput. Leuman M. Waugh Towards an Archaeology of the Nain Region, Labrador. Photography from St. Lawrence Island, Alaska, 1929–1930. Bryan C. Hood Contributions to Circumpolar Igor Krupnik and Vera Oovi Kaneshiro, eds. Contributions to Anthropology, vol. 7, 2008. Circumpolar Anthropology 9. 2011, Washington, DC: Arctic Arctic: A Friend Acting Strangely in NOAA at the Poles. Studies Center and SISP, 196 pp. CD. Igor Krupnik and William Fitzhugh. Presented by 2011. Understanding Earth’s Polar Challenges. Summary John Kermond of NOAA, 2007. Report on IPY 2007–2008 by the IPY Joint Committee. Anguti’s Amulet/Angutiupnguanga.­ Edited by Stephen Igor Krupnik, Ian Allison, Robin Bell, Paul Cutler, David Loring and Leah Rosenmeier, 2005 – Contact Stephen ASC Newsletter 51

Loring ASC STAFF Taymyr: The Archaeology of Northernmost Eurasia. William Fitzhugh, Director and Curator: [email protected] Leonid P. Khlobystin Contributions to Circumpolar Aron Crowell, Alaska Director: [email protected] Anthropology, vol. 5, 2005. Igor Krupnik, Curator and Ethnologist: [email protected] From the Playground of the Gods: The Life & Art of Bikky Stephen Loring, Museum Anthropologist: [email protected] Sunazawa. By Chisato O. Dubreuil. 2004. Distributed Noel Broadbent, Archaeologist: [email protected] by University of Hawaii Press. Dawn Biddison, ASC Alaska, Assistant Curator: Northern Ethnographic Landscapes: Perspectives from [email protected] Circumpolar Nations. Igor Krupnik, Rachel Mason and Lauren Marr, Research Assistant, [email protected] Tonia Horton, editors. Contributions to Circumpolar Archaeology 6, 2004. Research Associates and CoLLABOrATORs Sikugmengllu Eslamengllu Esghapalleghput. Watching Hugh Beach - Sweden, [email protected] Ice and Weather Our Way. Conrad Oozeva, Chester Judith Varney Burch – Camden, ME [email protected] Noongwook, Christina Alowa, and Igor Krupnik. Arctic Bernadette Driscoll Engelstad - [email protected] Studies Center, Washington D.C. 2004. Distributed by Anne Fineup-Riordan - Anchorage, [email protected] the Arctic Research Consortium of the United States Joan Gero - Takoma Park, MD, [email protected] (ARCUS). Scott Heyes - Australia, [email protected] The Earth is Faster Now: Indigenous Observations of William Honeychurch - Connecticut, [email protected] Arctic Environmental Change. Edited by Igor Krupnik Colleen Popson - Washington, DC, [email protected] and Dyanna Jolly. ARCUS, 2002. Wilfred E. Richard - Maine, [email protected] Constructing Cultures Then and Now: Celebrating Franz Ted Timreck - New York, [email protected] Boas and the Jesup North Pacific Expedition. Edited Norman Hallendy- Carp, Ontario, Canada by Laurel Kendall and Igor Krupnik. Contributions to Christopher B. Wolff: Plattsburgh, NY, [email protected] Circumpolar Anthropology 4, 2003. Akuzilleput Igaqullghet: Our Words Put to Paper. Edited 2011/2012 ASC FELLOWS by Igor Krupnik, Willis Walunga, and Vera Metcalf. Amy Chan Contributions to Circumpolar Anthropology 3, 2002 Olaug Andreassen Gateways: Exploring the Legacy of the Jesup North Pacific Expedition, 1897-1902. Edited by Igor Krupnik and SPECIAL THANKS TO OUR ASC INTERNS AND William W. Fitzhugh. Contributions to Circumpolar VOLUNTEERS Anthropology 1, 2001. Barbara Betz - Mongolia research Honoring Our Elders: The History of Eastern Arctic Maureen Adele Coyle - Documentary films intern Archaeology. Edited by William W. Fitzhugh, Stephen Michael Desautels - Documentary films intern Loring, and Daniel Odess. Contributions to Circumpolar Kaare Erickson - Living Our Cultures Anthropology 2, 2001 Laura Fleming - Inuit Studies Conference Specialist Looking Both Ways: Heritage and Identity of the Alutiiq Teresa Kline - Inuit Studies Research People. Edited by Aron L. Crowell, Amy F. Steffan and Kristin Lapos - NHRE/ Research intern Gordon L. Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press, 2001. Allison Maslow - Inuit Studies Conference graphics – Contact University of Alaska Press Heather McClain - Media intern Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga. Edited by William W. Anne Musica - ASC research Fitzhugh and Elizabeth Ward. 2000. Harper Collins. Elizabth Neville - Edward W. Nelson Diary Project Ainu: Spirit of a Northern People. Edited by William W. William T. Taylor - Mongolia Research Fitzhugh and Chisato O. Dubreuil. 1999. Maegan Tracy - Labrador lithics & Mongolian Research

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