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Index

Acosta, José de, 293 Antwerp, 50–3, 58, 104, 163, 177. See generally Africa Chapters 7 and 8. African slaves, 69, 108, 157 Apian, Peter, 101 allegorical representations of, 284, 287, 294 Arawak people, 65, 68–9, 71, 73–4 and the Bible, 32, 293 Aristotle clothing, 260–1 on civility vs. barbarism, 40, 177–8, 217, 220, eﬀect of environment, 170–2, 181, 188 224–7, 235, 247, 250, 254–5 Ethiopia, 6, 31, 45, 156–7, 264 Generation of Animals,30 exploration/colonization of, 9n22, 37, 43, 48, humoral theory, 25, 251 111, 282, 289–90 Nicomachean Ethics,39–40, 220, 226 in map imagery, 2, 18, 50, 100, 105–6, Politics, 15, 40–1, 220, 226–7 139–41, 143–4, 188, 259, 266 zonal theory, 27, 74, 178 in pre-modern era writing, 18–19. See also armateurs, 112–13, 116, 119–20, 127, 135 travel writing, medieval Armazém da Guiné, Mina e Índia, 48 monstrous peoples, 35, 100, 105, 141, 143, Asia, 32, 37, 38, 40–1, 62, 75, 87, 98–100, 105–6, 156–7, 188 143, 282–4, 290, 294. See also costume Ailly, Pierre d’, 27, 28 books, Great Khan, John Mandeville, Albertus Magnus, 7, 27, 33, 59 Parmentier brothers, Marco Polo Aldrovandi, Ulisse, 169, 170, 210, 212 Aston, Edward, 215 Alexander Romance, see Romance of Atahualpa, 266, 286. See generally Chapter 7. Alexander atlases, 9, 52, 57, 92, 110, 121, 168, 175, 202–3, Alexander VI, Pope, 111 251, 254–5 Algonquian people, 249, 257, 267–77, 271, 275 Catalan Atlas, 100n124, 144 allegory, 16 Hague Atlas, 49, 114–15, 117, 121, 133n97 personiﬁcations of the continents on maps, Miller Atlas, 121, 123, 123, 136n107 264–8, 281, 287–94 Queen Mary Atlas, 92, 93 Amadis of Gaul, 155–7 Rotz Atlas, 59, 110, 121, 124–9, 126, 133–4, Amazons, 21, see generally Chapter 6. 139, 141, 147 Amerindian peoples, 4, 6, 14, 18. See Le Testu Atlas, 125n72, 175 Algonquian, Arawak, Carib, Inca, Theatrum orbis terrarum, see Abraham Mexica, Moruga, Tabajara, Taíno, Ortelius Tehuelche, Tupi. Vallard Atlas, 49, 110, 121, 129–34, 130, Amman, Jost, 267n32, 286n86 139–41, 140, 143–5, 145 Amsterdam, 20–1, 51–5, 58, 98, 163, 176, Augustine, St., 27, 32–7, 41, 178, 210n89, 217, 228n52, 246. See generally Chapter 8. 293n116 Ango family, 112–13, 119, 135, 145 authority, eyewitness, see eyewitness testimony. animals, 14, 29, 30, 91, 103, 117, 119, 182, 196, 198, 201, 202, 213, 264, 270, 277. barbarism (vs. civility), 40, 45, 177–8, 210, 273. human distinctiveness from, 24, 32, 40, See generally Chapter 7. 43, 143, 148–9, 154–7, 225, 253, 261, Barentz, Willem, 62 292, 301. See also human, limits of the. Becaria, Francesco, 56 Annebaut, Claude d’, 113–14, 117 Benzoni, Girolamo, 242–4, 248 Anthropophagy, see cannibalism. Bertius, Petrus, 51, 176n101, 250–4, 291 349

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-03667-3 - Renaissance Ethnography and the Invention of the Human: New Worlds, Maps and Monsters Surekha Davies Index More information

350 Index

Best, George, 156–7 Casa de la Contratación, 48, 121, 157–8, 164–5 Bible Casas, Bartolomé de las, 70, 176–8, 210, Cain, 31–2, 151, 156 220–3, 282 Genesis, 32, 151, 168 Cecil, Sir Robert, 185, 194, 197 Ham, 31–2, 44, 151, 170, 292–3 Celtis, Conrad, 42 Nimrod, 32 Chabot, Philippe, 113–14 Noah, 1, 29, 31–2, 151, 179, 292–4, 296 Challeux, Nicolas, 242, 243, 244, 248 Old Testament, 156, 166, 179 Charles V, 113, 116, 144–5, 158–60, 220–1, Blaeu, Willem, 58, 202, 203n70, 215, 245n107, 227–8, 231, 243, 245 246n112, 284–95, 285, 287 China, 62, 283, 286, 288, 290 Blundeville, Thomas, 183–4, 190, 214–15 Cicero, 30 Bodin, Jean, 156, 175, 224–5 Cieza de León, Pedro de, 230, 232, 236, 238 Bordone, Benedetto, 228, 230 civility, 3, 6–7, 39, 150, 154, 164, 177–8, 190, Botero, Giovanni, 6–7, 225–6 213. See generally Chapters 7 and 8. Braun, Georg, 9–10, 59, 239–40, 240, See also barbarism. 246n112, 255 Civitates orbis terrarum,9–10, 239–40, 240, 255 Brazil, 172, 258, 291–2. See generally classical antiquity, writings. See Aristotle, Chapters 3, 4, and 7. Cicero, Galen, Herodotus, Hippocrates, brazilwood, 105, 111, 113, 121, 127, 133, 147. Pliny the Elder, Ptolemy. See also dyewood. Claesz, Cornelis, 2, 50–1, 98, 176, 246–50, 247 Breu, Jörg, 106 Linschoten’s Itinerario/Icones, 281–3 Briefe and True Report of the New Found map decoration, 281, 295 Land of Virginia, 268–74, 271–2, map of the Americas (1602), 204–8, 205, 276, 280 206, 212, 215 Browne, Thomas, 170–1 Ralegh’s Discoverie, 197, 205, 209–10 Bry, Theodor de, and family climatic zones, 27, 29, 87, 178, 180, 188, 250 America (India occidentalis) series, 241–8, clothing, 41–2, 83, 136, 153–4, 164–6, 212, 219, 242–4, 248, 255–6 230, 235, 247. See also costume books; engravings as models for later works, 204, nudity. 257–8, 274–9, 286, 300 Clusius, Carolus, 52 Harriot’s Briefe and True Report, 267–74 Cock, Hieronymous, 49, 176n100 Las Casas’s Brevíssima relación, 176, 222 Coligny, Gaspar de, 112n11, 114 Ralegh’s Discoverie, 209–10, 213–15 Colijn, Michiel, 246n114, 251, 267n33 travel editions, 184 Collaert, Adriaen, 267 Bulwer, John, 170 Columbus, Christopher, 38, 75, 171, 287. Burgkmair, Hans, 106, 139–41, 142, 146, 241, See generally Chapter 3. 289–90 Coma, Guillermo, see Scillacio-Coma letter. Burton, Robert, 59–60 compendia, 4, 9, 59–60, 159, 213, 230 complexion, 26, 171. See also humoral theory. Cabot, Sebastian, 58–9, 164–6, 165 Cordier, Jean, 138 Cabral, Pedro Àlvares, 126–7 Cortés, Hernán, 266, 291. See generally Caminha, Pedro Vaz de, 73, 126–7 Chapter 8. cannibalism, 2, 38, 164, 172, 183, 203, 205, 214, Cortesi, Paolo, 61–2 247, 254, 256. See generally Cosmographia universalis (Münster), 104n133, Chapters 3, 4, and 8. 107 Cardano, Girolamo, 173, 253 cosmographies, 18–19, 23, 29, 37, 43, 56, Carib people, 195, 247, 268. See generally 59–60, 98, 101, 108–9, 120, 170, 173, Chapter 3. 183, 203, 219, 230, 250, 255, 257, 264, Carta Marina, see Martin Waldseemüller 296. See also Sebastian Münster, Cartier, Jacques, 112n11, 139 Nuremberg Chronicle, André Thevet, cartographers, see maps, workshops Martin Waldseemüller. Casa da Ceuta, 48 costume books, 2, 4, 22, 130–1. See generally Casa da Índia, 48 Chapter 8.

Index 351

creoles, 26, 217–18, 223–4, 254 Fernandes, Pero, 122 Crignon, Pierre, 109, 114 Fine, Oronce, 101 Cuzco, 45, 230–46, 249–50, 255, 266, 286 Fleury, Jean, 145 Florida, 124, 203, 267, 285 Dee, John, 56–7, 283–4, 288 Fountain of Youth, 81 Desceliers, Pierre, 166–7, 167. See generally Fra Mauro map, 100n124, 105, 138n113, 299 Chapter 4. François I, King of France, 60, 109, 111–13, Deserps, François, 130–2, 131–2, 260–4, 116, 119, 129 261–3 French Wars of Religion, 62, 124, 225 diagrams, map imagery as, 13, 16, 21, 35, 170, Fries, Lorenz, 90, 98–9, 101, 107, 135–6 258, 300. See generally Chapter 6. Froschauer, Johann, 79–80, 80, 86, 90–1 Dieppe, see generally Chapter 4. Fugger family, 50, 264 Doesborgh, Jan van, 81, 90 Dürer, Albrecht, 244 Galen, 25, 217 Dutch East India Company, 53–4 Gastaldi, Giacomo, 232–41, 233, 237, 246, 255 Dutch West India Company, 53–4 geographical writing, see cosmographies, travel dyewood, 21, 111, 116–17, 119, 129, 134–5. writing See also brazilwood. giants, see monstrous peoples. gifts, 5n10. See generally Chapter 5. Ebstorf Map, 100n123, 299 in ceremonies, 188, 223n30 Eckhout, Albert, 258 in trading exchanges, 62, 75, 158, 287 El Dorado, 188, 216 diplomatic and strategic gifts of maps, 21, Elcano, Juan Sebastián, 7, 153, 158–60, 162 48n5, 50, 59, 62–3. See generally Elizabeth I, 59, 185, 193, 207n78 Chapter 5. Elyot, Thomas, 57 globes, 37, 48, 53, 56, 59–60 encomienda system, 219–20 gold, 86, 105, 108, 127n75, 145, 252, 266 encyclopedias, 33–4, 37, 71, 138, 163, 203 in De Bry’s Americae pars VI, 241–2 Ende, Josua van den, 267n32, 284 in Hondius’s 1608 world map, 293–4 England, 104, 129, 141, 147, 161. See generally in Keere’s Nova orbis, 287–8 Chapters 2, 6, and 8. in Ralegh’s Discoverie, 185–9, 193–8, 201, engravers, 51, 54–5, 58, 63, 176, 209, 212. 208–9 See also Theodor de Bry, Hieronymous Gómara, Francisco López de, 227–8, 230, 238 Cock, Maarten de Vos; see generally Gonneville, Binot Paulmier de, 127, 132 Chapters 7 and 8. Great Khan, 38, 71–2, 74, 76, 143, 286 environment, eﬀects on humans, 25–7, 31, 34, Grüninger, Johannes, 81, 83, 92, 100–1, 43, 188, 217–19, 224–6, 246–54, 300. 104–6 See also Africa, climatic zones, humoral Guiana, see generally Chapter 6. theory, latitude. See generally Gutiérrez, Diego, 49 Chapters 1 and 5. Gutiérrez, Sancho, 165–6, 166 epistemology, see visual epistemology Gymnasium Vosagense, 90 epistles, dedicatory, 52, 264 ethnogenesis, 68–9 Hakluyt, Richard, 58–9, 62, 192, 269 ethnography, see barbarism, civility, Ham, see Bible. cosmographies, human diversity, Harleian planisphere, 115, 117, 139 monstrous peoples, travel writing Harriot, Thomas, 268–76, 271–2, 280, 280 ethnology, 6, 45, 64, 72, 183, 210, 216. Henri II, King of France, 60, 109, 113–19, 118, See generally Chapters 7 and 8. See also 146 human diversity. Henry VIII, King of England, 59, 129, 147 evangelization, 6–7, 15, 68, 97, 218 Hereford Map, 32, 100n123, 107n144, 299 Ewaipanoma, see monstrous peoples. Herrera y Tordesillas, Antonio de, 232, 251 eyewitness testimony, 10–13, 52, 132, 146, Hesiod, 150 161–5, 256, 268, 286, 295. See generally Heylyn, Peter, 9, 225 Chapters 3 and 6. Hippocrates, 7, 25, 74, 217, 254

352 Index

Hogenberg, Franz, 59, 239–40, 240, 246n112, Le Testu, Guillaume, 175 255 Leonardo de Argensola, Bartolomé, 155 Holbein, Hans, the Younger, 101 Léry, Jean de, 65–6, 95–7, 103–4, 110, 133–4, Hole, William, 277–80, 279 138, 184, 298 Homem, Diogo, 59, 92, 93, 121 Lescarbot, Marc, 147 Homo floresiensis, 148 Linschoten, Jan Huyghen van, 167n71, 210, Hondius, Henricus, 58n58 282–3 Hondius, Jodocus, the Elder, 51, 59, 62, longitude, 2, 23, 29, 250, 255 246n112, 251, 258, 267n32, 292–6. Lopes, Sebastião, 122 See generally Chapter 6. Low Countries, 4, 5, 18, 47, 50, 51, 53, 62, 63, Hondius, Jodocus, the Younger, 284–5, 285, 287 65, 83, 104, 109, 144, 157, 167, 175, 177, Hulsius, Levinus, 184, 209–16, 211 222, 267. See generally Chapters 6–8. human diversity, 4, 55, 179, 197, 218, 256. Lubbaeus, Richardus, 287–9 See generally Chapters 1 and 8. human, limits of the, 39, 149, 219, 253, 295. Madagascar, 84n80, 141, 144 See also barbarism, civility, human Magellan, Ferdinand, 7, 49, 151–4, 157–60, diversity, monstrous peoples, wild men. 162, 169, 179 See generally Chapters 1 and 5. Magellanica, 174, 180, 266 human sacrifice, 21, 218–19, 227, 230, 238–9, Mandeville, John, 37–8, 81, 98, 107, 150, 291 177n109, 179, 191–2, 215, 298 humoral theory, 3, 25–6, 44–5, 150, 171–2, 175, manuscript maps, 18, 50, 52, 54, 63, 83, 115, 298 180, 217, 250–1, 297 Italian, 61, 100n124, 105, 138n113 Huygens, Constantijn, 58 Norman, 49–50, 62, 107, 163, 166, 175. See generally Chapter 4. idolatry, 21, 45, 190, 291–2. See generally Portuguese, 50, 62, 121–2, 163. See generally Chapter 7. Chapter 3. Inca people, 107, 145, 266, 297. See generally Spanish, 50, 62, 95n110, 157, 163 Chapter 7. mapmakers, see maps, workshops Isabella, Queen of Castile, 72, 97 mappaemundi, 29, 35, 56, 100, 139, 179 Isidore of Seville, 33, 35, 37, 205 maps borders, 54–5, 62, 94n105, 203. See generally Java, 87, 98, 106, 140, 143, 283 Chapter 8. Jews, 35n65, 38, 223, 227, 253 illumination, 49, 63, 84, 86, 100, 104–5, Jode, Cornelis de, 274–7, 275 163–4. See generally Chapter 4. Jode, Gerard de, 51n21, 167–70, 168, 202, illustrators, 101, 124, 164, 179. See generally 246n112 Chapter 8. See also Jacques Le Moyne Jonghe, Clement de, 246, 247, 247, 249, 250, de Morgues, Jean Rotz, Hans Holbein 267n33 the Younger. maps of individual countries and regions, see Keere, Pieter van den, 51, 204n72, 207–8, 208, Africa, Asia, Brazil, Guiana, Mexico, 215, 251, 287–8, 288 Patagonia, Peru, Spain, Virginia, Keymis, Lawrence, 68– 9, 194–6, 198, 205n74, Tenochtitlán, world maps. 214 regions of production Kunstmann II map, 84, 85, 86, 88, 92, 121 Low Countries, see generally Chapters 3, 5–8 Langren, Henricus van, 55, 167n71, 267n32 England, 56, 58–9, 277–80 latitude, 2, 44, 122. See also climactic zones. France, 230, 239. See also Norman. effect on humans, 6–7, 23–4, 26–7, 29, German lands, 144–5, 184, 209, 228, 257, 45, 160, 170–3, 175, 180, 214, 250, 253, 270. See also Rhenish, Theodor de Bry, 255, 283 Levinus Hulsius. Laudonnière, René de, 124 Italy, 60–2, 78–9, 105, 232–6 Le Moyne de Morgues, Jacques, 124 Normandy, see Chapter 4 Le Roy, Louis, 253 Portugal, see Chapter 3

Index 353

Rhenish region, 50, 53, 104, 106, 293. Nicolay, Nicolas de, 262–4, 295 See generally Chapter 3 Normandy, 5, 21, 49, 62–3, 69, 175. Spain, 47–9, 104, 109, 228n52 See generally Chapter 4. types, see atlases, globes, gridded maps, nudity, 38, 41, 45, 74, 79, 106, 117, 127–8, 135, manuscript maps, mappaemundi, 143, 146, 245, 249, 260, 292 painted maps, portolan charts, wall Nuremberg Chronicle (Hartman Schedel), 43, maps, world maps 106n141, 281, 292 users of, 52, 53, 57, 58, 59, 63, 295 workshops, 83, 86, 97–106, 163, 164, 176, observation, see eyewitness testimony 202, 205, 296 oikoumene, 27, 281 Marees, Pieter de, 2 Oresme, Nicolas, 33 Margarit, Pedro, 76–7, 84 Ortelius, Abraham, 51–2, 57–9, 62, 101, 170–1, Martyr, Peter, 59, 77, 91–2, 101, 103, 159, 227, 202, 264–7, 265, 284 264 Ottoman Empire, 262–3, 288, 290–1 Marvels of the East,34–5, 141 Ovando, Juan de, 223–4 Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, 146n135, Oviedo, Gonzalo Fernández de, 208n82, 217, 234 289–91 Maximilianus Transylvanus, 158–64, 169–70, pageants, see triumphal entries 179, 183 painted maps, 60–2 Mekerchus, Adolphus, 265–7 panoptical view, 7, 57, 64 Mena, Cristóbal de, 231, 234, 236 parrots, 86, 91, 111, 119, 127, 129–30, 132, 134 Mexica people, 107, 144, 173, 266, 287, 291. Paolino Veneto, 1, 35 See generally Chapter 7. Paradise, 43, 83, 106 Mexico, 45, 108, 144, 173. See generally Parmentier brothers, 139, 141, 146 Chapter 7. Patagonia, 144, 218, 227, 253–4, 276. See also Moctezuma, 227, 286 monstrous peoples; see generally Moluccas, 49, 99, 107–8, 155, 158–9, 162 Chapter 5. monstrous peoples, 3, 8, 14–15, 72–4, 100, Paul III, Pope, 220 105–6, 141–4, 217–19, 224, 281, 292–3, Pepys, Samuel, 24, 30 297–300 personiﬁcations, see allegory monstrous births, 14, 30, 39, 151, 167, 184, Peru, 45, 266, 293. See generally Chapter 7. 186 Philip III, King of Spain, 290 Amazons, see generally Chapter 6. Picts, 272–4, 272 anthropophagi, see cannibalism Pigafetta, Antonio, see generally Chapter 5. dog-headed people (Cynocephali), 15, 33, Pinet, Antoine de, 230, 239, 255 38–9, 70–1, 98, 143, 154–6, 183, 196, Pizarro, Francisco, 230–1, 234, 236, 241 207 Plancius, Petrus, 51, 55, 167n71, 174–5, 174, giants, 2, 12, 31, 33, 41, 105. See generally 183, 214, 246n112, 267n32, 292n109 Chapter 5. Pliny the Elder, Historia naturalis,30–1, 35, 37, headless people (Ewaipanoma), 21, 258, 297. 74, 105, 141, 213, 217, 293, 298. See generally Chapter 6. See generally Chapter 5. Renaissance explanations of, see generally polar regions, spatial conceptions of, 26–9, 87, Chapter 1. 172 Sciopodes, 35, 105, 160–1 Polo, Marco, 37, 98, 105, 150, 192 Montaigne, Michel de, 228, 236, 252, 297 Popham, George, 193, 205 Montalboddo, Fracanzano da, 77, 101 portolan charts, 84, 106n141, 120, 138, 179 Montmorency, Anne de, 113–14 Powhatan, 277 Moruga people, 68–9, 195–6 printed maps, see generally Chapter 2. Münster, Sebastian, 19, 101–3, 102, 107 privateers, 112–13 Primaleón, 154–5, 158 natural history, 3, 7, 12–13, 32, 39, 55n46, 88, Psalter map, 35–6, 36, 100n124, 281 159, 162, 178, 201, 213, 268–70 Ptolemy, 2, 19, 27, 29, 44–5, 87, 94, 101, 171, Navagero, Andrea, 233–4 179, 188, 250, 255, 282

354 Index

race, 11, 223. See also human diversity, testimony, eyewitness, see eyewitness humoral theory. testimony. Ralegh, Sir Walter, 5, 11, 21, 58, 183–216, 270, Thevet, André 298 narratives of, 110, 253 Ramusio, Giovanni Battista, 19, 192, 231–6, on brazilwood trade, 132–3 233, 237, 239, 257 on cannibalism, 65–6, 97n116, 99, 125, 203 René II, Duke of Lorraine, 90 on monstrous peoples, 172–3, 191n33 Ribeiro, Diogo, 49, 121, 157–8, 296 Topiawari, 190–1, 193 Ringmann, Matthias, 60, 88 Tordesillas, Treaty of, 47, 111 Romance of Alexander, 81, 150 trading voyages, 21, 47–8, 51, 282, 299. Rouen, 113, 117–19, 134, 138, 146 See generally Chapters 3 and 5. Rotz, Jean, 49n7, 59, 124–5, 129, 141, 147. Traut, Wolf, 140–1, 142, 241 See also atlases, Rotz Atlas. travel writing, see also cosmographies Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, 290–1 Dutch, see Pieter de Marees, Jan Huyghen Ruysch, Johannes, 87–8, 87, 94n105, 98 van Linschoten Rylands world map, 139, 141, 143 English, see George Best, Thomas Harriot, Lawrence Keymis, Walter Ralegh, John Sahagún, Bernadino de, 217 Smith, George Warren Sancho de Hoz, Pedro, 231, 234–6, 239, 245 French, see Jean de Lery, André Thevet Santa Cruz, Alonso de, 223 German, see Hans Staden Santángel, Luis de, 73, 86 Italian, see Christopher Columbus, Antonio Saracens, medieval notions of, 15 Pigafetta, Giovanni Battista Ramusio, Sasquesahannock, 277–90 Amerigo Vespucci Schöner, Johannes, 53 medieval, see John Mandeville, Marco Polo, Schongauer, Martin, 152 Romance of Alexander Scillacio-Coma letter, 76–7, 84, 86, 103 Portuguese, see Pedro Vaz de Caminha Sepúlveda, Juan Ginés de, 221–2 Spanish, see Pedro Sancho, Francisco del Settle, Dionyse, 285 Xérez, Augustín de Zárate Seville, 48–9, 62–3, 121, 157–8, 163–4, 221, 232 Trevisano, Angelo, 77 Shakespeare, William, 23, 180–1 triumphal entries, 117–19, 118, 134, 146, 291 skin colour, 15, 32, 39, 135–7, 171, 181n118, Tupi people, see generally Chapters 3 and 4. 210, 280 slavery, 26, 34, 66–9, 75, 95, 97, 108, 171, 218–21 Ubriachi, Baldassare degli, 56 Smith, John, 277–9 Soderini, Piero, 79, 81, 90, 103, 128, 136 Venice, 77, 105, 144, 153, 159, 232 sodomy, 21, 154, 218–19, 227 Verrazzano, Giovanni da, 59, 112n11, 276 spatial thinking, 44–5, 64, 172, 250, 255 Vespucci, Amerigo, 42, 82, 128, 135–7, 153–4, Spice Islands, see Moluccas 164, 287. See generally Chapter 3. Springer, Balthasar, 106n141, 140–2, 142 Villegagnon, Nicolas Durand de, 95, 119 St. Dié, 90 Virginia, 198, 249–50, 254. See generally Staden, Hans, 65–6, 97n116, 110, 125, 132n91, Chapter 8. 137–8, 266 Visscher, Claes Jansz, 267n32, 284 Strabo, 19, 27 visual epistemology, 12–13, 17, 21, 38–9, 41, Strasbourg, 79, 81, 83, 188 44, 52, 95–7, 285. See also Sumatra, 139, 144 eyewitness testimony. See generally Chapters 5 and 6. Tabajara people, 117 Vitoria, Francisco de, 220 Taíno people, 65, 68, 70–8, 83 Vitry, Jacques de, 35 Tehuelche people, 148–9, 153, 155, 159–60, 171 Vos, Maarten de, 265n21, 267, 294n117 Tenochtitlán, 45, 144–6, 145, 173, 219n8, 229, 240, 286. See generally Chapter 7. Waldseemüller, Martin Terbruggen, Hendrik, 54 Carta Marina (1516), 135–6, 153n15, 266, Terra incognita, 174 276–7, 293. See generally Chapter 3.

Index 355

Cosmographiae introductio, 60, 81n73, Italy, 1, 19, 35, 87–8, 94n105, 98, 192, 99–100, 103n131 228, 230–9, 257. See also Fra Mauro world map of 1507, 53, 88 map. wall maps, 52–4, 57–8, 203. See generally Low Countries, 98, 101, 167–71, 174–6, Chapter 8. 183, 202–10, 212, 214–15, Warren, George, 196 245–54. See generally Chapters 2 Weiditz, Christoph, 245 and 8. Weimar planisphere, see Diogo Ribeiro. medieval, 144–6. See also mappaemundi White, John, 257, 268–77 Normandy, 59, 166–7. See generally Whitehead, Neil L., 5, 186–7 Chapter 4. wild men, 41–2, 132, 146, 261. See generally Portugal, 59, 92–3, 121 Chapter 5. Rhenish regions, 19, 53, 60, 135–6, 153n15, woodcutting, 117, 120–3, 128, 130, 147 266, 276–7, 293. See generally world maps, 1–3, 9–10, 43–4, 63, 100, 105, 179, Chapter 3. 232, 250, 254–5, 282, 299. See also Spain, 49, 121, 157–8, 165–6, 296 mappaemundi. Wytﬂiet, Cornelis, 175 England, 277–80. See also mappaemundi. France, 27–8 Xérez, Francisco de, 231, 234, 236, 238, 238, German lands, 9–10, 43, 59, 87–8, 106n141, 266 184, 209–16, 239–48, 255–6, 281, 292. See also Rhenish Zárate, Augustín de, 231, 238