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Manuscript Remains of Buddhist Literature Found in Eastern Turkestan, Vol. 1

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Manuscript Remains of Buddhist Literature Found in Eastern Turkestan, Vol. 1 MANUSCRIPT REMAINS OF BUDDHIST LITERATURE FOUND IN EASTERN TURKESTAN OXFOED UNIVEESITY PRESS LONDON EDINBURGH GLASGOW NEW YOEK TORONTO MELBOUENB BOMBAY HUMPHREY MILFOKD PUBLISHER TO THE UKIVEB8ITT MANUSCRIPT REMAINS OF BUDDHIST LITERATURE FOUND IN EASTERN TURKESTAN FACSIMILES WITH TRANSCRIPTS TRANSLATIONS AND NOTES EDITED IN CONJUNCTION WITH OTHER SCHOLARS BY A. F. RUDOLF HOERNLE CLE. M.A.OXON. PH.D. TUBINGEN VOLUME I PARTS I AND II MANUSCRIPTS IN SANSKRIT KHOTANESE KUCHEAN TIBETAN AND CHINESE WITH TWENTY-TWO PLATES OXFORD AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1916 PRIKTED IN ENGLAND AT THE OXFOED UNIVBBSITY PRESS W, ^ ) 3 / 1 Printed in Gt. b. ,iv. LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Baknett, Lionel D., M.A., Litt.D. (Cambridge), Keeper of D(]iartmeiit of Oriental Printed Books and Manuscripts, British Museum, r]'of(_\ssor of Sanskrit at University Cullege, London: Tihctaii ])oci(ii/erd. ('havannks, Emmanuel-fidouard, Membre de I'Institut, Profcsseur au Cdllcge de France: ( 'liiiw.sc Fra"jiiu')il. KoNow, Sten, Ph.D., Professor in the University of Kristiania, Norway: Klioicuieae ^hi nuaci'ipts. de France: KucJieaii L^vi, Syl\ain, Professeur au College Frntjineuia. LiJDEES, Heinrich, Ph.D., Professor in the University of Berlin, Member if the rrussian of Sciences, Berlin, "c. Sanskrit I Pioyul Academy : Fra"/iiic)its. Pargitf,]:, F. E., ]\r.A. (Oxford), late Judge of tlie High Court, Calcutta: Sdiishnf Vdji'dccIicJikd. Thojias, F. W., :\r.A. (Cambridge), Hon. Ph.D. (Munich), Librarian, Lidia ( )ffice. ReadiT in Tibetan in the University of London, Lecturer in Cmjiparative Philology at University College, SdiisJ.rit Loiidnu : Frcuj incuts- a ." CONTENTS PART I PAOB LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS V . ... GENERAL INTRODUCTION ix LIST OF MANUSCRIPT REMAINS IN VOLUME I xxxiii . METHOD OF TRANSCRIPTION XXXV ABBREVIATIONS xxxvi . ... SANSKRIT TEXTS 1 VOCABULARY TO SANSKRIT TEXTS 196 PART II KHOTANESE TEXTS 314 ... VOCABULARY TO KHOTANESE TEXTS .330 . KUCHEAN TEXTS 357 . VOCABULARY TO KUCHEAN TEXTS 377 BILINGUAL FRAGMENT, CHINESE-KHOTANESE .387 . BILINGUAL FRAGMENT, TIBETAN-KHOTANES E .400 . VOCABULARY TO THE KHOTANESE OF BILINGUAL TEXTS 405 . ADDENDA 410 . ERRATA 412 . .... PART I TEXTS GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND SANSKRIT GENERAL INTRODUCTION By a. F. Eudolf Hoerxle The first volume of this Serifs was to have been issued some rears staff of ago. Cnjaiigesin the Contributors, and other causes over which tlic Editor had no control have occasioned the delay. On the other hand, th(_' is delay has enabled him to oifer now wliat practically a double volume. A list of the Contributors is To complete given on page v. every is one of these sclmhirs the Editor under i^Teat obligation for their valuable and often assistance, so patiently ably rendered, in the midst of other exacting- professional duties, towards tlic execution of a task, tho difficulties of wliieh can be fully apjjreciated only by those who have is been actually engaged in it. Especially this so in the case of . Pi'ofessors Konow and Levi, who very kindly agreed to deal with tlnise texts, o)' fragments of texts, which are written in what till quite recently knowi] Eastern were only as the 'unknown languages' of Turkestan. In that of well portion Central Asia, as is now known, there (.)nce prevailed, in tlie early centuries of the Christian era, two distinct which have languages, now are quite extinct, and to be laboriously reeo\-ci-(jil from oljlivion.^ Broadly speaknig one was spoken in the north, the (jther in the south. The northern language has been named 'Tokhari' by l"r. F W K. I\Iiiller,-and the southern, 'Northaryan' bv ' A siucinrt accciiuit (if thi' discovery and identification of the two ' unknown' lan- is in I'rolVssor ticiirer's Inaii crural Lecture Prorector of the ,i;uaL;os given (lit12) as University of l'',rhini;ennn I)ii' archaeologi^chen und liteiaristheu Funde in Chinesisch Turkestan und orientall^^cllC \\ where all ihre lledeutuiig fiir ilie i^senschaft, pp. 11, 12, needful x'efereuces will lie found. ' 'Tocliaiisch', in Sitzungslirrichte der Kul. I'leussisLheii Al"adcmie derWls^ent.chafteii, Al^o Prof. and Dr. 91G. See al.-o Prof. 1907, p. OGO. Sieg Sieirliiiy,('?/;'?.,11108, p. Meillet, ' " Two Fie Tokharien in Indogermanisches .Jahrhuch, 1913, vol. i, pp. 1, 2. other stillborn ' " used Prof. l^eber eine den unbekannten names are Ku'-gari^ch ', by Leumann, von Literatiuvpracheu ^nttrlasien" ' in M6moires de I'Aeademie Imperiale des JScieiices dc Si I'etersliouri;-,IDOO (Ser. VIII, vol. iv, No. 8). and " Shulespracho ', su^Liested by ' Mr. Emil Smith, ' Die neuentdeckte Indo-germanische Spraehe Mittelasiens in Yiden-^kabs- Srlskaliet Skrifter (Class II, 191i), X... :.). X GENERAL INTRODUCTION ' Professor E. Letimann,^ and ' Saka language by Professor H. Luders.* less dis-putable None of these names, however, based as they are on more or ethnic or historical considerations, has met with general acceptance.' In the circumstances it seems preferable to adopt a suggestion,first thrown out by Professor J. Kirste,^and to denominate them after the centre of the geographical areas, in which undoubtedly they once were spoken,and from which most of their manuscript remains have been recovered. In two masterly essays, recently published by Professors Sylvain Levi and Sten Konow, it has been shown quite convincingly that the centres, or capitals,of the territories in which the northern and southern languages once prevailed were Kuchar (or Kuche) and Khotan respectively.' Professor Levi did this service for the northern language in the Journal Asiatique for 1913 (Ser.XI, while Professor Konow for the southern vol. ii,pp. 311 ff.), did it language in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Societyfor 1914 (pp.339 fif.). ' ' Professor Kirste had originallysuggested the names Turfanisch and ' Turfan be of Khotanisch ',but appears to not so much the centre the territoryof the northern language, as of a subordinate dialect of it. Ldvi the Kuchean Professor uses name (Koutcheen) ; and following his example, that name has been adojotedin the present publication. It is preferable to the alternative form Kucharl, adopted elsewhere, because the latter might suggest not so much the dead language of * ' Zur nordarisohen Spraohe und Literatur', 1912, p. 29; in Schriften der Wissen- Echaftlichen Gesellschaft in Strassburg,10. Heft. * Sitzungsberichte der Kgl. Preussischen Akademie der Wissenscliaften, Berlin, 1913, "f. It first Dr. A. Le in Journal pp. 406 was suggested by von Coq EAS., 1909, p. 318. See also ' Das Nordarische in vol. Prof.Eeiohelt, ', Indogermanisches Jahrbuch, i,1913, pp. 2 Off. " Prof. 'Les nouvelles See, e.g., Meillet, langues indo-europeennes trouv6es en Asie Kevue du Centrale', pp. 5, 17, 18 (in Mois, 1912, vol. xiv, pp. 137, 149, 150); also Prof. in Journal first Tokbari S. Levi, E,AS., 1914, pp. 958-9. The objection to was made by Baron de Stael-Holstein, ' Toohariscb und die Sprache I ',in the Bulletin de TAcademie des Sciences de Imp^riale St. Petersbourg, 1909, pp. 479 ff.,supported by Mr, E. Smith, above, note 2. See also Prof. Konow, ' Vedic dasyu ',"c., in Festschrift Vilhelm Thomsen, ' Khotan Studies ' in Journal 1912, and KAS., 1914, p. 343. '^ Vienna Oriental Journal, vol. xxvi, 1912, pp. 395-6. Also Prof. Konow in Gbttin- Gelehrte and in Journal gische Anzeigen, 1912, pp. 532 ff., EAS., 1914, p. 343. ' Kuchar lies 41" 42' N. lat.,and 80" 33' E. long.; Khotan, 37" 5' N. lat.,and 1' See edition of the Bower 80" E. long. my Manuscript, Introd., p. i,footnote 2. GENERAL INTRODUCTION xi For similar old Kuche, as the current language of modern Kuchar.* reasons of convenience the term Khotanese, rather than Khotaui, has been chosen to mark the dead language of Khotan. Kuchean, as Professor Mcillet^ and other scholars have shown, is an Indo-European language of extremely earlyaffinities with the two hitherto known and of that of its grt-atwestern eastern groups family languages, affinity,curiouslyenough, Leing rather closer with the European than tl](jIndo-Iranian group. In the present volume it is represented by three detached folios from two manuscripts of the Buddhist Canon of the Sarvastivadins, which aie edited by Professor Svlvain Levi (pp.357 ff.). The territoryof Kuchar,'" as Professor S. Levi has shown in the above i-'Hsay I'efei'i-edto, was eolonized by an Indo-European people at some unknown date before the commencement of the Christian era. It first when it into emerges into history in the second century B. c, came contact with the r'hinese Em]"ire and its Annahsts. It was then already a flourishingand highly cultured little state under a dynasty which in the first ci'ntmy A.n. received from the Chinese the significantname of the ' White ' (Po). It had also already adopted the Buddhist religion, which enjf.yeda particularlyflourishingperiod in the fourth century ' ' A.D. The state and its white dynasty lasted down towards the end of the eighth century \.ik, when both utterlydisappeared from history in the couise of the pohticaland lacial convulsions caused by the inroads ' ' of Tibetans, Uigurs, and Arabs '. About a.d. 1000 Turkish barbarism had finished li\' triumphing over Aryan culture' (JA. XI, ii,380). But the Kuchean language which is now totallyextinct, and till recentlywas utterlyforgotten,is shown 1iy recovered fragments of documents, dated of tlie of of in years reign King Swarnate (ChineseSu-fa-tie) Knchar, to still flourished in the middle of have as a spoken language the seventli century. " The olil name is Kuche, as shown by ('liiiusc transcriptions,iu which there is no Turkisli addition. See Prof. iiniil ;" ; the latter seems to be a late Levi in Journal KAS. for S. Smith had 1911, pp. 9") 8 Fur the same reason, Mr. E. suggested his 'Sljule^|irache',note 2. " ' Tokharien Le ', in Iiidojj;ermanischesJahrbuch, 11)13, vol. i, pp. 12 ff. Also Profs.
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