Julianne Baird, Music History II

Chapter 20: Opera and Vocal Music in the Early Classic Period

1. Which of the following was not part of the enlightenment movement ____? a. a belief that reasoning could be applied to social issues b. a belief that religion should govern public morality c. a belief that the state should improve the human condition d. reverence for nature and naturalness e. a belief that individuals had rights

2. Of the following statements, which describes concert life in the late 18thc? a. Courts and churches no longer sponsored performances b. All professional performances were opened up to female musicians. c. Technical demands of music relegated the amateur to a mere listener of music d. Public concerts became more important e. Choral music was restricted to churches

3. Of the following which was a prevailing musical value in the late 18thc? a. Music should have contrapuntal complexity b. Music should emphasize vocally conceived melodies with short phrases c. Music should aim at the tastes of the connoisseur only. d. Music should be a vehicle for virtuosity e. Music should reflect only one affect.

4. Of the following, which describes the galant style? a. originated in German lieder b. emphasized spun-out melodies c. featured simple harmonies and accompaniments d. was considered to be a learned style e. featured frequent imitative counterpoint

5. Which of the following does not characterize the classical style? a. a single emotional mood projected in each movement b. periodic melodies c. slow harmonic movement d. differentiation of musical material according to its function e. frequent cadences

6. Which of the following characterizes a typical opera buffa? a. three acts b. characters drawn from Antiquity c. tuneful arias with short periodic phrases d. accompanied recitative e. a plot that caricatured the fault of commoners only

1 7. What is the name of the musicl entertainment performed between the acts of a serious opera or play? a. drama comico b. commedia per musica c. intermezzo d. interlude e. drama giocoso

8. Which of the following was an important contribution of opera buffa? a. ensemble finales b. expanded role for chorus c. virtuosic singing d. large orchestra role e. mixture of arias and recitative

USE THE FOLLOWING ANSWERS FOR QUESTIONS 9-12 a. Pergolesi b. Hasse c. Gluck d Metastasio e. Goldoni

9. He was the master of opera seria

10. This poet’s librettos established opera seria traditions.

11. He composed La Serva Padrona

12. He introduced refinements into the comic-opera libretto

13. Of the following, which is a characteristic of opera seria? a. five acts b. comic scenes mixed with serious ones c. plot drawn from recent history d. frequent duets e. frequent da capo arias

2 14. The Querelle des bouffons was a dispute about______. a. the relative merits of French and Italian opera b. the relative merits of strict counterpoint and the gallant style c. the relative merits of the operas of Lully and Rameau d. the role of comedy in opera e. the financial support of opera

15. Of the following, which characterizes opera comique? a. simple melodies called ariettes b. simple recitative c. ballet d. chorus e. three acts

16. Of the following, which characterizes the operas of Jommelli and Traetta? a. limited orchestral role b. expanded role for the chorus c. spoken dialogue d. da capo arias only e. avoidance of French characteristics

17. Of the following, which is not a belief of Gluck? a. The demands of soloists should not affect opera composition. b. The French language could be used effectively in opera. c. Recitative and aria should be less distinct. d. The overture should be an integral part of the opera. e. Music should assimilate learned complexities

18. Of the following, who was not known as a composer of Lieder? a. Telemann b. Reichardt c. C.P.E. Bach d. J.S. Bach e. C.H. Graun

19. Which of the following religions adapted church music to the style of opera? a. Catholic b. Lutheran c. Anglican d. Calvinism e. Buddhism

20. What was the primary type of sacred music in New England during the colonial period? a. anthem b. psalm setting c. cantata d. polyphonic mass e. oratorio

3 SHORT ESSAY QUESTIONS: 1. Discuss how the goals and values of the Enlightenment are reflected in the music of the Classic Era? 2. Compare the role of Affect in the Baroque and the Early Classic Eras 3. Compare the comic opera genres of Italy, France, Germany and England. 4. Describe how the opera reform movement changed the style of opera seria

TERMS FOR IDENTIFICATION Enlightenment Philosophes Charles Burney Galant style Emfindsam style Classical style Periodicity Heinrich Christoph Koch Alberti Bass Opera buffa Leonardo Vinci Intermezzo Giovanni Battista Pergolesi Carlo Goldoni Niccolo Piccinni Opera seria Pietro Metastasio Da capo aria Johann Adolf Hasse Faustina Bordoni Querelle des Bouffons Jean-Jacques Rousseau Opera comique Ballad opera Singspiel Nicolo Jommelli Tommaso Traetta Christoph Willibald Gluck Raniero de Calzabigi Romance Ballad Lied Bay Psalm Book The Continental Harmony William Billings Fuging tunes Moravians

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