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Universidade De São Paulo Faculdade De Filosofia, Letras E Ciências Humanas Departamento De Letras Modernas Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Língua E Literatura Alemã

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Universidade De São Paulo Faculdade De Filosofia, Letras E Ciências Humanas Departamento De Letras Modernas Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Língua E Literatura Alemã UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE LETRAS MODERNAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA E LITERATURA ALEMÃ ANNA CAROLINA SCHÄFER Quando a tradução (re)conta a História: análise textual e tradução comentada de interrogatórios da “Rosa Branca” v.1 (versão corrigida) São Paulo 2015 ANNA CAROLINA SCHÄFER Quando a tradução (re)conta a História: análise textual e tradução comentada de interrogatórios da “Rosa Branca” v. 1 Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo para a obtenção do título de mestre em Língua e Literatura Alemã Área de Concentração: Tradução Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Tinka Reichmann (versão corrigida) São Paulo 2015 2 SCHÄFER, Anna Carolina Quando a tradução (re)conta a História: análise textual e tradução comentada de interrogatórios da “Rosa Branca” Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo para a obtenção do título de mestre em Língua e Literatura Alemã Aprovado em: . Banca Examinadora: Profa. Dra. Tinka Reichmann (orientadora) . Instituição: FFLCH – USP . Julgamento: . Assinatura: . Prof. Dr.: . Instituição: . Julgamento: . Assinatura: . Prof. Dr.: . Instituição: . Julgamento: . Assinatura: . 3 A todos os que ousaram se opor de alguma forma ao terror nacional-socialista, tiveram suas vidas devastadas por ele, mas deixaram às gerações seguintes uma bonita lição de coragem civil, senso de Justiça e busca pela liberdade. 4 AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço a todas as pessoas e instituições que de alguma forma tornaram este trabalho possível. Aos meus pais, Denize e Armin, e aos meus avós, Liselotte e Gisbert, pelo apoio, incentivo, compreensão e carinho incondicionais, por permitirem que eu me dedique a fazer o que gosto e por terem despertado em mim desde cedo o interesse pela língua alemã e por histórias como a que será contada neste trabalho. À Profa. Dra. Tinka Reichmann, por todos os ensinamentos, pela orientação sempre cuidadosa e atenciosa não apenas nesta pesquisa, mas também ao longo de toda a minha formação na universidade. Ao Prof. Dr. José da Silva Simões, com quem aprendi, ainda na escola, a gostar de aprender alemão, e que na universidade me contagiou com seu grande entusiasmo e dedicação à pesquisa acadêmica. À Profa. Dra. Juliana Pasquarelli Perez, por todo o apoio, pelo sorriso sempre tão acalentador e pela ideia que foi o ponto de partida para tantas experiências bonitas. Às “rosas brancas” Eline, Flora, Janaina e Yasmin, cuja amizade foi para mim, sem dúvida, o maior legado do projeto didático que precedeu este trabalho. Agradeço por estarem sempre ao meu lado, por participarem junto comigo de tudo isso e, como certa vez condensamos juntas em uma só palavra alemã, por “mitmachen” em todos os momentos! À Profa. Dra. Maria Luiza Tucci Carneiro, pelas valiosas contribuições no exame de qualificação e pelo incentivo constante aos projetos da “Rosa Branca”. À Fundação Rosa Branca de Munique, em especial à Dra. Hildegard Kronawitter, ao Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Huber e às Sras. Ursula Kaufmann, Christine Fiala, Sandra Knösel e Eva Winkelmeier, por todo o aprendizado e auxílio durante o estágio de pesquisa em Munique. À Profa. Dra. Claudia Maria Riehl, pela orientação e supervisão do estágio de pesquisa na Universidade Ludwig Maximilian. À família Fiala, pela acolhida generosa em Munique. À área de alemão da Universidade de São Paulo e a todos os seus professores, por possibilitarem uma formação que abre tantas portas e oportunidades. Ao Colégio Humboldt e a todos os professores que tive lá, por terem sido a base de minha formação profissional e humana. À Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, pelo financiamento do projeto de mestrado no Brasil (processo nº 2013/08651-0) e pela concessão da bolsa de estágio em Munique (processo nº 2013/26618-0). 5 Alexander Schmorell Christoph Probst Elisabeth Lange Frierich Geussenhainer Hans Leipelt (*1917 – † 1943) (*1919 – † 1943) (*1900 – † 1944) (*1912 – † 1945) (*1921 – † 1945) Hans Scholl Jenny Grimminger Katharina Leipelt Kurt Huber Kurt Ledien (*1918 – † 1943) (*1895 – † 1943) (*1893 – † 1943) (*1893 – † 1943) (*1893 – † 1945) Margaretha Rothe Margarethe Mrosek Reinhold Meyer Sophie Scholl Willi Graf (*1919 – † 1945) (*1902 – † 1945) (*1920 – † 1944) (*1921 – † 1943) (*1918 – † 1943) Quero que se saiba: não existiram heróis sem nome; existiram pessoas que tinham um nome, um rosto, uma ânsia e esperanças e, por isso mesmo, a dor da última delas não foi menor do que a dor da primeira, cujo nome é lembrado. Quero que todas elas estejam sempre presentes diante de vocês, como se fossem um conhecido, como se fossem um parente, como se fossem vocês próprios. [Ich möchte, daß man weiß: daß es keine namenlosen Helden gegeben hat, daß es Menschen waren, die ihren Namen, ihr Gesicht, ihre Sehnsucht und ihre Hoffnungen hatten, und dass deshalb der Schmerz auch des letzten unter ihnen nicht kleiner war als der Schmerz des ersten, dessen Namen erhalten bleibt. Ich möchte, daß sie alle Euch immer nahe bleiben, wie Bekannte, wie Verwandte, wie ihr selbst]. Julius Fučik, membro da resistência ao Nacional-Socialismo Praga, início de 1943. 6 RESUMO SCHÄFER, A. C. Quando a tradução (re)conta a História: análise textual e tradução comentada de interrogatórios da “Rosa Branca”. 406 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2015. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo produzir uma tradução comentada, do alemão para o português, de uma seleção de documentos emblemáticos da resistência alemã ao Nacional-Socialismo. O corpus constitui-se especificamente de registros escritos dos interrogatórios (em alemão: Verhörprotokolle, “protocolos de interrogatório”) conduzidos em fevereiro de 1943 pela Polícia Secreta Nazista com os irmãos Hans e Sophie Scholl. Ambos eram integrantes do grupo A Rosa Branca, formado sobretudo por estudantes da Universidade de Munique que se opuseram ao regime nacional-socialista através da produção e distribuição de panfletos, nos quais lançavam críticas incisivas ao regime e à postura apática da população alemã perante os crimes cometidos pelo Estado. Tendo em vista o objetivo geral do trabalho e a conjuntura histórica em que se insere o corpus, partiu-se na análise e tradução dos protocolos de uma base teórica interdisciplinar, pautada tanto em elementos da pesquisa historiográfica quanto em pressupostos dos Estudos Funcionais da Tradução – sobretudo no modelo de análise textual e tradução de Christiane Nord (1988, 2009) –, da Linguística Textual e da Análise do Discurso. Para a tradução comentada dos protocolos, produto final deste trabalho, previu-se desde o início uma função documental, a qual justifica diversas microdecisões tomadas ao longo do processo tradutório. Elas vão desde a opção por reproduzir a formatação original dos textos de partida em alemão até a busca por reconstituir seu pano de fundo histórico por meio de comentários e imagens, inseridos propositalmente na margem direita e não no rodapé ou no fim da tradução. Espera-se, assim, que os textos traduzidos possam ser consultados, lidos e analisados como documentos e testemunhos sobre a resistência alemã ao Nacional-Socialismo, tema ainda pouco divulgado e estudado no Brasil. Palavras-chave: Estudos Funcionais da Tradução; Linguística Textual; Nacional-Socialismo; Resistência; Repressão; Interrogatório (Ação Penal); A Rosa Branca; 7 ABSTRACT SCHÄFER, A. C. When translation (re)tells History: text analysis and commented translation of interrogations of the “White Rose”. 406 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2015. This study aims to produce a commented translation from German into Portuguese of a selection of iconic documents of the German resistance to the National Socialism. The corpus is specifically consisted of written records of the interrogations (in German: Verhörprotokolle, interrogation protocols) conducted in February 1943 by the Nazi Secret Police with the brothers Hans and Sophie Scholl. Both were members of the group The White Rose, mostly comprised of students from the University of Munich who opposed the National Socialist regime by producing and distributing pamphlets in which they released incisive criticism to the government and apathetic posture of the German population before the crimes committed by it. Bearing in mind the overall aim of the work and the historical context to which the corpus belongs, an interdisciplinary theoretical basis was used in the analysis and translation of the protocols, based both in the historical research elements and on suppositions of the Functional Translation Studies – especially in the model for translation-oriented text analysis by Christiane Nord (1988, 2009) –, Text Linguistics and Discourse Analysis. For the commented translation of the protocols, the end product of this research, a documentary function was envisaged from the beginning, which justifies different micro decisions taken throughout the translation process, ranging from the choice of reproducing the original formatting of the source texts in German to the search for reconstituting the historical background of the source texts by means of comments and images intentionally inserted on the right edge of the page, and not in footnotes or at the end of the translation. It is, therefore, expected that the translated texts can be consulted, read
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