DOCSLIB.ORG

Housing Recovery in Chile: a Qualitative Mid-Program Review

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Housing Recovery in Chile: a Qualitative Mid-Program Review PACIFIC EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH CENTER Housing Recovery in Chile: A Qualitative Mid-program Review Mary C. Comerio Department of Architecture University of California, Berkeley PEER 2013/01 FEBRUARY 2013 Disclaimer The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the study sponsor(s) or the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center. Housing Recovery in Chile: A Qualitative Mid-program Review Mary C. Comerio Department of Architecture University of California, Berkeley PEER Report 2013/01 Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center Headquarters at the University of California, Berkeley February 2013 ii ABSTRACT The magnitude 8.8 earthquake, and subsequent tsunami, which struck the south central region of Chile on February 27, 2010, affected 75% of the population of the country and damaged or destroyed 370,000 housing units (about 10% of the housing in 6 regions). Within 6 months, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development published a plan to repair or rebuild 220,000 units of low- and middle-income housing with government assistance within four years. In October 2012, at the midpoint of a 4-year program, 84% of those housing units have started construction and 54% are complete and occupied. Several factors contribute to the program’s success: (1) strong leadership at the national and local levels; (2) use of existing programs and institutions; (3) flexibility to adapt programs over time; (4) a strong technical staff; (5) a robust economy; and (6) political will. When compared to housing recovery programs in other countries, Chile’s program stands out, combining both top-down strong government management and bottom-up citizen participation. The reconstruction plan also included goals for improved design and construction of social condominiums, updated zoning plans, road and infrastructure improvements, heritage recovery, and new master plans for impacted cities. While the housing reconstruction will be completed within the four-year time frame, the master plans require a longer implementation time. Going forward, the earthquake may have a legacy far beyond the successful housing replacement. Chile’s efforts to use the recovery planning efforts to expand national urban policy will help to provide a larger planning framework at the local level where citizens can participate in the physical, social and economic decisions necessary for ongoing community development. Keywords: Housing, Recovery, Urban Planning, Reconstruction iii iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report is based on extensive interviews conducted during two trips to Chile: 5 days in February and 15 days in October 2012. The trips were organized by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development (MINVU) and funded by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). Interviews were conducted with individuals with positions in the current government, the previous government, regional offices, technical assistance, academia, businesses, local officials and families who received government housing subsidies. These include Minister Rodrigo Peréz, Pablo Ivelic, coordinator of the Housing Reconstruction Program, Maria Ignacia Arrasate, Program manager, Felipe Kast, in charge of Emergency Camps, Andres Iacobelli, former undersecretary of MINVU, Pablo Allard, former coordinator of the Urban Design and Historic Patrimony Program, Fernando Fodón, former Regional Administrator of O’Higgins Region VI and currently working at the Ministry, Luis Eduardo Bresciani, former coordinator of urban development in the previous administration and currently an academic, Clarisa Ayala, Director of SERVIU in Maule, Luis Valenzuela, an academic planner involved in post-earthquake data collection, Pía Mora and María Ignacia Polanco, academics with the Center for Public Policy, Catholic University and Ned Strong, Director of the Harvard Program in Latin America. At the local level, Diego Vergara, Mayor of Paine, Claudio Guajardo, Mayor of Rio Claro, Román Pavez, Mayor of Vichuquén, Marco Marín, Mayor of Lolol, Gonzalo Tejos, Mayor of Emperado and Duverlis Valenzuela, Mayor San Rosendo. Builders included Julio Watson, South zone manager of Inmobiliaria Sinergía (MINGATEK), Linares; Franz Iraira Quezada, Yasna Iraira, and María Cristina Quezada, Constructora Iraira Limitada; Felipe Hernán Carrasco Hurtado and Hugo Ricardo Carrasco Hurtado, HURTADO Y CARRASCO; Bernardo Heredia and Rodrigo Pereira, SERVICIOS Y CONSTRUCCIONES LC.; Marcelo Retamal, Ingeniería y Construcción Cardenal; SALFA; Small builders include Sergio Reyes Valdivia. Architects included MOEBIS, designers of mitigation parks, and those involved in technical assistance: Patricia Jiménez, Rodrigo Cháves Rodríguez, Guillermo Vasquez, Carol Loyola, Claudio Deney, Yasna Cortez, Carolina Vergara, Cristián Lopez. Hardware store owners or managers include Ferretería Ramirez, Doñihue and Ferrever Ltda. in Lolol. Social Leaders included: Maria Angelica Torres, Ximena, Toledo, and Ivonne Vera in Dichato, and Cristina Carter, Las Heras, Talca. More than two dozens beneficiaries opened their homes and construction sites to show the work completed and in progress. Towns and cities visited include Paine in the Santiago Metropolitan region. In Region VI (O’Higgins) towns include Doñihue, Machalí, Rancagua, San Fernando, Santa Cruz and Lolol; in Region VII (Maule) towns include Curicó, Talca, Linares, Río Claro, Vichuquén, Curepto, Constitución, and Empedrado; in Region VIII (Biobío) towns include San Carlos, Chillán, Coliumo, Dichato, Tomé, Talcahuano, Concepción, Coronel and San Rosendo. Many thanks are due to all the people who gave so generously of their time, but in particular, Maria Ignacia Arrasate, without whom the research could never have happened. v Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations Development Program or the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) Center. vi CONTENTS ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .......................................................................................................................... v List of Figures ....................................................................................................................................... ix List of Tables ......................................................................................................................................... xi 1 Study Overview ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Housing Program Decisions And Implementation ............................................................. 3 2.1 Critical Decisions .................................................................................................................................. 4 2.1.1 Government Funding ..................................................................................................................................... 4 2.1.2 Use Existing Programs ................................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Critical Decisions .................................................................................................................................. 7 2.2.1 Government Funding ..................................................................................................................................... 7 2.2.2 Use Existing Programs ................................................................................................................................... 7 2.2.3 Clarify Need and Identify Beneficiaries .................................................................................................. 7 2.2.4 Empower Local Communities .................................................................................................................... 8 2.2.5 Replace Housing On-Site ............................................................................................................................... 8 2.2.6 Codes, Local Management, and Housing Choice ................................................................................. 9 2.3 The Housing Program Options ......................................................................................................... 9 2.4 Implementation ................................................................................................................................. 11 2.4.1 Regional Management of Housing Subsidies .................................................................................... 11 2.4.2 Social Condominiums Program .............................................................................................................. 12 2.4.3 Completion Rates .......................................................................................................................................... 13 2.5 Integration of Urban Planning With Housing Reconstruction ........................................... 15 2.6 Heritage Construction .....................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Rural Development Planning and Labour Absorption
    RURAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AND LABOUR ABSORPTION: O'HIGGINS AND COLCHAGUA PROVINCES, .CENTRAL CHILE RURAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AND LABOUR ABSORPTION: O'HIGGINS AND COLCHAGUA PROVINCES, CENTRAL CHILE by Matilde Nunez A Research Paper Submitted to the Department of Geography in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts McMaster University July 1976 MASTER OF ARTS (1976) McMASTER UNIVERSITY (Geography) Hamilton, Ontario TITLE: Rural Development Planning and Labour Absorption: O'Higgins and Colchagua Provinces, Central Chile AUTHOR: Matilde Nunez, B.A. (University of Chile) SUPERVISOR: Dr., Sam L. Lanfranco and Dr. Lloyd G. Reeds NUMBER OF PAGES: vii, 70 --..: ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank a number of people who have h~lped me over the course of my graduate work in Geography at McMaster. Dr. Sam Lanfranco of the Department of Economics has supervised my work, and I am most grateful for his helpful criticism and for sharing with me his extensive knowledge of developing countries. Moreover, only with his moral support was I able to finish this paper. I am indebted also to Dr. Lloyd Reeds for his inspiration as a teacher and for his unfailing encouragement which helped me to success­ fully complete my studies. Dr. Michael Webber, another member of the committee, has given perceptive criticism which is much appreciated. , I arrived in Canada in the winter of 1974 after the tragic events of Chile with only the barest grasp of English. I should like to take this opportunity in expressing my thanks to the department of Geography of McMaster University for admitting me to the Master's Programme, and to the Graduate Office for awarding me indispensable financial support.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mw 8.8 Chile Earthquake of February 27, 2010
    EERI Special Earthquake Report — June 2010 Learning from Earthquakes The Mw 8.8 Chile Earthquake of February 27, 2010 From March 6th to April 13th, 2010, mated to have experienced intensity ies of the gap, overlapping extensive a team organized by EERI investi- VII or stronger shaking, about 72% zones already ruptured in 1985 and gated the effects of the Chile earth- of the total population of the country, 1960. In the first month following the quake. The team was assisted lo- including five of Chile’s ten largest main shock, there were 1300 after- cally by professors and students of cities (USGS PAGER). shocks of Mw 4 or greater, with 19 in the Pontificia Universidad Católi- the range Mw 6.0-6.9. As of May 2010, the number of con- ca de Chile, the Universidad de firmed deaths stood at 521, with 56 Chile, and the Universidad Técni- persons still missing (Ministry of In- Tectonic Setting and ca Federico Santa María. GEER terior, 2010). The earthquake and Geologic Aspects (Geo-engineering Extreme Events tsunami destroyed over 81,000 dwell- Reconnaissance) contributed geo- South-central Chile is a seismically ing units and caused major damage to sciences, geology, and geotechni- active area with a convergence of another 109,000 (Ministry of Housing cal engineering findings. The Tech- nearly 70 mm/yr, almost twice that and Urban Development, 2010). Ac- nical Council on Lifeline Earthquake of the Cascadia subduction zone. cording to unconfirmed estimates, 50 Engineering (TCLEE) contributed a Large-magnitude earthquakes multi-story reinforced concrete build- report based on its reconnaissance struck along the 1500 km-long ings were severely damaged, and of April 10-17.
    [Show full text]
  • Operación Servicios De Transporte Gratuito Plebiscito Nacional 2020, Región De O’Higgins
    OPERACIÓN SERVICIOS DE TRANSPORTE GRATUITO PLEBISCITO NACIONAL 2020, REGIÓN DE O’HIGGINS SERVICIOS GRATUITOS QUE OPERARÁN DURANTE EL PLEBISCITO. ZONAS AISLADAS Y SERVICIO ESPECIAL REGIÓN TOTAL GENERAL RURALES MTT ELECCIONES LIBERTADOR GENERAL 52 77 129 BERNARDO O'HIGGINS SERVICIOS ESPECIALES ELECCIONES GRATUITOS HORARIO COMUNA ORIGEN - DESTINO LOCALIDADES - SECTORES HORARIO IDA RETORNO CHÉPICA LA RUDA - CHÉPICA LA RUDA - CHÉPICA 9:00 12:30 ORILLA DE AUQUINCO - ORILLA DE AUQUINCO - LOS RINCONES - CENTRO DE LA ORILLA - CHÉPICA 10:00 13:00 CHÉPICA CHEPICA CHÉPICA LOS AMARILLOS - CHÉPICA LOS AMARILLOS - CHÉPICA 9:00 12:30 PAREDONES DE AUQUINCO - CHÉPICA PAREDONES DE AUQUINCO - CHÉPICA 9:00 - 13:00 12:30 - 15:00 CHÉPICA CHÉPICA LAS PALMAS - CHÉPICA LAS PALMAS - LAS ARAÑAS - CHEPICA 10:00 13:30 CHÉPICA UVA BLANCA - CHÉPICA UVA BLANCA - CHEPICA BAJO - CHEPICA 10:00 13:30 CHÉPICA LA MINA - CHÉPICA LA MINA - CHEPICA BAJO - CHEPICA 10:00 13:30 CHIMBARONGO HUEMUL - CHIMBARONGO HUEMUL 10:00 - 13:00 14:00 - 17:00 CHIMBARONGO QUINTA - CHIMBARONGO QUINTA 10:00 - 13:00 14:00 - 17:00 CODEGUA EL CARMEN - CODEGUA EL CARMEN - CODEGUA 10:00 12:30 CODEGUA TUNCA - CODEGUA TUNCA - CODEGUA 10:00 - 13:30 12:30 - 16:30 CODEGUA CALLEJONES - CODEGUA CALLEJONES - ALDEA AGRICOLA - JACINTO MARQUEZ - CODEGUA 10:00 - 13:30 12:30 - 16:30 LA ESTRELLA ESTERO SECO - LA ESTRELLA ESTERO SECO, QUEBRADA DE LA VIRGEN 10:00 13:00 LAS CABRAS LOS AROMOS - LAS CABRAS LOS AROMOS - LAS CABRAS 10:00 14:00 LOLOL RANGUILI - LOLOL RANGUILI - SANTA TERESA DE QUIAHUE - LOLOL 10:00 13:00 LOLOL
    [Show full text]
  • Administrativa De La Región De Ñuble
    ISSN 0716-9671 ISSN 0719-0867 (en línea) Recibido: enero de 2019 Aceptado: marzo de 2019 CONSTRUCCIÓN POLITICO- ADMINISTRATIVA DE LA REGIÓN DE ÑUBLE Political-administrative division of Chile, the construction of Ñuble Region Juan Rivas Maldonado | Universidad del Bío-Bío | [email protected] Jaime Rebolledo Villagra | Universidad del Bío-Bío | [email protected] Juan Troncoso Mora | Universidad del Bío-Bío | [email protected] RESUMEN: Sostenemos que la actual división SUMMARY: We maintain that the current internal interna del territorio nacional se estructura como division of the national territory is structured as a una construcción que en el tiempo caracteriza la construction that in time characterizes the ocupación del espacio, donde la geografía cumple occupation of space, where geography plays a un rol fundamental como herramienta para la fundamental role as a tool for the formation of the formación del Estado chileno, a la hora de Chilean State, when its approached from the political plantearse desde el ordenamiento político y and administrative order. This arrangement administrativo. Esta ordenación estructura una structures a notion of the territory according to three noción del territorio de acuerdo a tres fases: la phases: the first during the colonial period, when the primera durante el periodo colonial, cuando el territory is subject to the Spanish monarchy; the territorio se encuentra sujeto a la monarquía second period, during the republican organization española; el segundo periodo, durante la and a third period during the last hundred years. The organización republicana y un tercer periodo resulting construction is verified according to the durante los últimos cien años. La construcción revision of documents, fundamental letters, resultante se verifica de acuerdo a la revisión de regulations and laws that converge in the current documentos, cartas fundamentales, normativas y administrative political delimitation of the Ñuble leyes que convergen en la actual delimitación Region.
    [Show full text]
  • Por Los Caminos Del Valle Central De Chile: El Sistema Vial Entre Los Ríos Maipo Y Mataquito (1790-1860)
    C O L E C C I Ó N S O C I E D A D Y C U L T U R A LXV En la Colección Sociedad y Cul tu ra Antes de la llegada del ferrocarril en Chile, los caminos fue­ María Carolina Sanhueza Bena­ tienen cabida trabajos de investi­ ron el medio para moverse y transitar por el espacio terrestre. POR LOS CAMINOS vente (Santiago, 1983) es magíster gación relacionados con el hu ma­ Los pocos trabajos que se han realizado sobre ellos incentiva­ en Historia por la Universidad de nismo y las ciencias sociales. Su ron, en parte, esta investigación, la que busca comprender DEL VALLE CENTRAL DE CHILE: Chile y miembro de la Asociación objetivo principal es promover la cómo se desarrolló la red vial en el período de formación del Chilena de Historia Económica investigación en las áreas men­ Estado chileno. Entendiéndolo como un proceso histórico, El sistema vial entre los ríos (ACHHE). Sus áreas de interés cionadas y facilitar su conoci mien­ los caminos aquí se analizan como un sistema que vincula e investigación versan sobre his­ to. Reco ge mono gra fías de auto res aspectos materiales y geográficos con problemáticas econó­ toria económica, la construcción naciona les y extranjeros sobre la micas, sociales y administrativas. La interrelación de todas Maipo y Mataquito (1790-1860) del Estado y temas territoriales historia de Chile o sobre algún as­ ellas nos ofrecen un panorama más acabado de cómo se fue de los siglos XVIII y XIX, buscando pecto de la realidad nacional obje­ articulando el territorio en un lapso de setenta años, mos­ María Carolina Sanhueza Benavente los puntos de encuentro entre la to de estudio de alguna ciencia trando las dificultades que presentaba la infraestructura vial historia y la geografía.
    [Show full text]
  • The Outlook for Global Tax Policy and Controversy in 2021: Jurisdiction Reports Contents
    The outlook for global tax policy and controversy in 2021: Jurisdiction reports Contents Argentina Kazakhstan Australia South Korea Austria Kuwait Bahrain Luxembourg Belgium Malaysia Brazil Mexico Canada Netherlands Chile New Zealand China Mainland Nicaragua Colombia Norway Costa Rica Oman Croatia Panama Cyprus Peru Czech Republic Philippines Denmark Poland Dominican Republic Portugal El Salvador Qatar Egypt Russia Estonia Saudi Arabia Finland Singapore France Slovakia Germany Slovenia Greece South Africa Guatemala Spain Honduras Switzerland Hong Kong Taiwan Hungary Thailand India Turkey Indonesia UAE Iraq Ukraine Ireland United Kingdom Israel United States Italy Vietnam Japan Glossary Jordan 2 | 2021 Tax Policy and Controversy Outlook 2021 Tax Policy and Controversy Outlook | 3 Section 2: Tax policy in 2021 2.1 Key drivers of tax policy change The government seeks fiscal sustainability but at a pace • Online☒ betting tax rate increase that allows the country to recover and sustain that recovery. • VAT☒ and import duty exemption on vaccines and disposables To achieve that, those who foster economic growth, recovery imported by the Ministry of Health Argentina • Return to Contents and exports will receive advantages. Some proposed measures for 2021 include: • Discussions☒ about a new wealth tax on high net worth individuals • Excise☒ taxes increase on electronic products EY key contacts Section 1: Tax rates (2020–2021) 2.2 Tax changes in 2021 Tax policy Tax types Likelihood of changes in 2021 Direction of change Ariel Becher 1.1 Key tax rates [email protected] 1. Overall corporate income tax Change already proposed or known for 2021☒ Lower in 2021 ☒ 2020 2021 % change responsibility +54 11 4318 1686 Change possible or somewhat likely in 2021 ☒ Same in 2021 ☒ Corporate income 30% 25% (*) -17% No changes expected in 2021 Higher in 2021 tax — top rate Tax controversy (Please list top 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Res 381-2017.Pdf
    —–——– INFORME DEFINITIVO DE INSTALACIONES DE TRANSMISIÓN ZONAL DE EJECUCIÓN OBLIGATORIA SISTEMA INTERCONECTADO CENTRAL Y SISTEMA INTERCONECTADO DEL NORTE GRANDE Julio de 2017 Santiago de Chile —–——– ÍNDICE 1 INTRODUCCIÓN ................................................................................................................... 10 2 RESUMEN EJECUTIVO .......................................................................................................... 16 3 LISTADO DE OBRAS DE EJECUCIÓN OBLIGATORIA, EN CONSTRUCCIÓN AL 31 DE OCTUBRE DE 2016 ............................................................................................................... 18 3.1 CHILQUINTA ENERGÍA S.A. ............................................................................................................ 18 3.1.1 Nueva línea 2x110 kV Tap Off Mayaca - Mayaca............................................................................... 19 3.1.2 Nueva línea 2x110 kV Tap Off Peñablanca – Peñablanca .................................................................. 19 3.1.3 Nueva S/E Mayaca 110/12 kV 30 MVA .............................................................................................. 19 3.1.4 Nueva S/E Peñablanca 110/12 kV 30 MVA ........................................................................................ 19 3.1.5 Nueva S/E Tap Off Mayaca 110 kV .................................................................................................... 19 3.1.6 Aumento de capacidad en S/E La Calera ..........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Descargar Mapa Cartera De Proyectos
    100.000 140.000 180.000 220.000 260.000 300.000 73°O 72°O 71°O SITUACIÓN BASE PROGRAMACIÓN 2012 N° FINANCIA INICIATIVA DETALLE MEDIANO PLAZO : INICIO DE LA ETAPA DESDE 2015 al 2021 N° FINANCIA INICIATIVA DETALLE Pullay Retiro !> AGUA POTABLE RURAL 1 MEJORAMIENTO Y AMPLIACIÓN SISTEMA DE APR DE QUILACOYA AGUA POTABLE RURAL CONSTRUCCIÓN SERVICIO APR SANTA LAURA - TUCUMÁN 36°S 2 CONSTRUCCIÓN SERVICIO APR LA GENERALA 188 Detalle 4 189 CONSTRUCCIÓN SERVICIO APR SANTA CRUZ DE CUCA (CHILLAN) 3 EXTRA MOP CONSTRUCCIÓN SERVICIO APR PANGUE (LOS ÁLAMOS) 190 CONSTRUCCIÓN SERVICIO APR HUECHUPÍN 4 CONSTRUCCIÓN SERVICIO DE APR SAN RAMÓN-RANQUILQUE Buchupureo 191 CONSTRUCCIÓN SERVICIO APR RANCHILLOS 5 CONSERVACIÓN SISTEMA APR PEHUEN, COMUNA DE LEBU 192 CONSTRUCCIÓN SERVICIO APR SELVA NEGRA 6 CONSTRUCCIÓN SERVICIO DE APR ISLA MOCHA Iglesia de Piedra 193 CONSTRUCCIÓN SERVICIO APR LAS VERTIENTES - MALLOA SUR Detalle 3 7 CONSTRUCCIÓN SERVICIO APR LAS DELICIAS Detalle 4 MOP cbM-80-N 6.000.000 6.000.000 194 Detalle 1 8 CONSTRUCCIÓN SERVICIO APR LA MONTAÑA CONSTRUCCIÓN INSTALACIÓN APR SAN CARLITOS LOS QUILLAYES - ÑACHUR Pilicura Cajon del Molino !> 9 CONSTRUCCIÓN SERVICIO DE APR SAN LUIS - SANTA LAURA Detalle 4 Parral MOP 195 CONSTRUCCIÓN SERVICIO APR CHILLINHUE A CANCHA EL ÁLAMO Cobquecura 134 10 CONSTRUCCIÓN SERVICIO APR CULENAR 196 CONSTRUCCIÓN SERVICIO APR SANTA ISABEL - EL TORREÓN V[W MEJORAMIENTO AMPLIACIÓN SERVICIO AGUA POTABLE RURAL TALQUIPÉN 197 CONSTRUCCIÓN SERVICIO APR LA MATA - LAS GARZAS n 11 e COIHUECO \ZN-132 u 198 CONSTRUCCIÓN SERVICIO APR LA
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences Vol
    Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences Vol. 46 (11), November 2017, pp. 2273-2285 The 27 February 2010 Maule, Chile tsunami: initial height and propagation from uniform and non-uniform fault slip models Ergin Ulutaş* *Department of Geophysical Engineering, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey [E-mail: [email protected]] Received 28 January 2015 ; revised 22 August 2016 The 27 February 2010 Maule (Chile) tsunami was numerically modeled using the SWAN (Simulating WAves Near-Shore) code which solves the non-linear long wave equations of fluid flow by a finite difference algorithm. The computational area is divided into two computational domains with a grid of 2 arc min and 0.5 arc min. Bathymetry data for the domains are interpolated from the General Bathymetry Chart of the Ocean (GEBCO) 30 arc-seconds grid data. Results from uniform and non-uniform slip models are compared with available tide gauges and Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunami (DART) buoy records. [Keywords: Tsunami simulation, shallow water theory, finite fault model, slip distribution] Introduction mm/year2,12,13. The contact between these two A massive earthquake (Mw 8.8) struck Chile plates is also the source of accompanying on 27 February, 2010. The earthquake was the tsunamis with very large earthquakes, depths sixth largest instrumentally recorded earthquake ranging between 15 and 50 km, known as in history and the largest in the region after the interplate, thrust events13,14,15. Coastal and earthquake of 22 May 1960 with a magnitude of offshore earthquakes of magnitude greater than 9.5. Epicenter was located at 72.733o W, 35.909o 7.5 normally generate severe tsunamis along the S o.
    [Show full text]
  • PLAN DE Transporte Público Regional Región De O´Higgins
    PLAN DE TRANSPORTE PÚBLICO REGIONAL Región de O´Higgins PLAN DE TRANSPORTE PÚBLICO REGIONAL 1 2 DTPR DIVISIÓN DE TRANSPORTE PÚBLICO REGIONAL PLAN DE TRANSPORTE PÚBLICO REGIONAL Región del Libertador General Bernardo O’Higgins Región de O´HigginsRegión © Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile Antecedentes Superficie (km2) 16.387 generales Densidad (hab/km2) 55,4 Población Total 908.553 Población Urbana 645.673 Población Rural 262.880 Capital Regional Rancagua Fuente: INE - Subdere PLAN DE TRANSPORTE PÚBLICO REGIONAL 3 I. INTRODUCCIÓN La región de O’Higgins presenta una fuerte concentración poblacional en las comunas de Rancagua, San Fernando y Rengo, reuniendo por sí solas casi el 50 % de la población regional. La población está distribuida de la siguiente forma: 70,3% en las ciudades y 29,7% en localidades y comunas rurales. Resumen Transporte Público Regional Modalidad Vehículos Vigentes Antigüedad Promedio Taxis Colectivos Urbanos 3.061 4.4 años Taxis Colectivos Rurales 1.303 4.5 años Taxis Básicos 362 4.6 años Taxis Ejecutivos 104 1.0 años Taxis Turismo 84 3.3 años Transporte Mayor Urbano Rancagua 339 8.0 años Transporte Mayor Urbano (resto región) 122 18.8 años Transporte Mayor Rural 813 11.5 años Transporte Interurbano 357 6.5 años Transporte Escolar 1.553 9.4 años Vehículos Vigentes Región del Lib. Gral. Bdo. O`Higgins FUENTE: Registro Nacional de Servicios de Transporte de Pasajeros - Subsecretaría de Transportes. Fecha de Actualización: 31 de octubre de 2013 4 DTPR DIVISIÓN DE TRANSPORTE PÚBLICO REGIONAL De lo anterior podemos concluir que en la región predominan los servicios de Taxis Colectivos por sobre los buses, lo cual no es favorable o propicio para los usuarios de transporte público, ya que los servicios prestados con automóviles poseen menor capacidad, no consideran tarifa escolar o al adulto mayor, entre otras variables.
    [Show full text]
  • Epidemiología Y Control De La Fiebre Q (Coxiella Burnetii) En Fauna Silvestre Ibérica
    Epidemiología y control de la fiebre Q (Coxiella burnetii) en fauna silvestre ibérica. David González Barrio Tesis doctoral 1 Epidemiología y control de la fiebre Q (Coxiella burnetii) en fauna silvestre ibérica. Trabajo de investigación presentado por David González Barrio para optar al grado de Doctor por la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Ciudad Real, 2015 Grupo de Sanidad y Biotecnología (SaBio) Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC; CSIC- UCLM-JCCM) Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha 2 Los abajo firmantes, como directores de este tesis doctoral, hacemos constar que la Tesis titulada “Epidemiología y control de la fiebre Q (Coxiella burnetii) en fauna silvestre ibérica”, y realizada por David González Barrio, reúne los requisitos necesarios para su defensa y aprobación y, por tanto, para optar al grado de doctor con mención internacional. Vº Bº de los Directores Dr José Francisco Ruiz Fons Dr Isabel G. Fernández de Mera Dr Christian Gortázar Schmidt 3 La realización de este trabajo ha sido posible gracias a las siguientes entidades y proyectos de investigación: Fundación de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Cátedra Fundación Enresa Proyecto Europeo Strategies For The Eradication Of Bovine Tuberculosis Proyecto Europeo, Comisión Europea Harmonised Approaches In Monitoring Wildlife Population Health, And Ecology And Abundance (APHAEA) Proyecto Europeo, Comisión Europea (VII Programa Marco) ANTIcipating the global onset of new epidemics (ANTIGONE) Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha Estructura de los contactos y riesgo de transmisión de enfermedades entre Ganado y ungulados silvestres CGT – Apoyo Al Desarrollo De Nuevas Tecnologias Para El Control Sanitario de La Fauna Silvestre Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial (CDTI) – Incorporación de Nuevas Metodologías para la tecnificación y sostenibilidad de explotaciones bovinas extensivas y cinegáticas.
    [Show full text]
  • Ciudades, Pueblos, Aldeas Y Caseríos 2019
    CIUDADES, PUEBLOS, ALDEAS Y CASERÍOS 2019 INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ESTADÍSTICAS Marzo / 2019 PRESENTACIÓN El Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas (INE) da a conocer en esta publicación la edición actualizada de “Ciudades, pueblos, aldeas y caseríos”, tomando como base la información del Censo de Población y de Vivienda, realizado el 19 de abril de 2017. Consciente de la importancia de la planificación regional, provincial y comunal, el INE aporta en este documento datos pertinentes sobre las ciudades, pueblos, aldeas, caseríos, seleccionando las variables esenciales que caracterizan su población y vivienda. Así, este texto entrega cifras actualizadas, datos de población desagregados por sexo, recuentos sobre viviendas particulares, superficie de ciudades y pueblos del país y recientes modificaciones. Esta publicación marca, además, un hito en las definiciones geográficas del INE, ya que en ella se presenta la nueva conceptualización de ciudad, en la que se consideran las características político- administrativas de la categorización. Los antecedentes aquí desplegados quedan a disposición de instituciones públicas y privadas, consultoras, estudiantes, profesionales y usuarios en general. 2 CONSIDERACIONES CONCEPTUALES División geográfica censal: El territorio comunal se divide en distritos, los que pueden ser urbanos, rurales o mixtos. A su vez, en el área urbana se reconocen zonas censales y en el área rural, localidades. Las zonas censales se componen de manzanas y las localidades, de entidades, las que también tienen sus propias categorías. Los límites censales los define el INE y se encuentran sostenidos y enmarcados en los límites de la división político-administrativa (DPA). Sin embargo, su trazado no reviste un carácter legal. División geográfica censal Fuente: elaboración propia.
    [Show full text]