DOCSLIB.ORG

World Bank Document

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
World Bank Document I E1016 Volume 2 Government of Islamic Republic of Iran l Public Disclosure Authorized | Supplementary Environmental and Social Assessment of Alborz Integrated Land and Water Management Project .. q .-.... - Public Disclosure Authorized I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~* I Public Disclosure Authorized DRAFT 16 September 2004 Public Disclosure Authorized Prepared by Mahab Ghodss Consulting Engineers ' FILE COPY I I Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations | 0 Executive Summary i 1 Introduction and Background | 1.1 Government Preparation of the Alborz Dam and the AILWMP 1-2 1.2 Design, Objectives and World Bank Involvement 1-4 1.3 Background of the Supplementary Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) 1-6 1.3.1 Justification and Scope of the Supplementary ESA 1-6 1.3.2 Key Environmental and Social Issues for the ESA 1-7 3 2 Supplementary Information on Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework 2.1 National Legal Framework 2-1 2.1.1 Environmental Issues Addressed in the Third Five-year Development Plan 2-2 I 2.2 National Regulations and Decrees 2-3 2.3 International treaties 2-4 2.4 Policy Framework 2-5 I 2.4.1 National Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies 2-5 2.4.2 World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies 2-10 2.5 Administrative Framework 2-11 3 Project Description: Alborz Integrated Land and Water Management Project 3.1 Project Title 3-1 4 3.2 Objectives and Justification 3-1 3.3 Project Location 3-2 3.4 Project Components 3-6 || 3.5 Implementation, Oversight and Monitoring 3-24 3.6 Project Phases 3-25 3.7 Other Projects in Project Area 3-27 4 Environmental and Social Baseline Conditions 4.1 Physical and Chemical Environment 4-1 4.1.1 Topographic and Physiographic Conditions 4-1 4.1.2 Geology 4-2 4.1.3 Soils 4-3 4.1.4 Geo-tectonics 4-4 4.1.5 Erosion 4-5 4.1.6 Climate 4-6 9I4.1.7 Hydrology 4-10 4.1.8 Groundwater 4-21 4.1.9 Water Consumption 4-25 3 4.1.10 Ab-bandans (Surface Storage ponds) 4-28 4.1.11 Water Quality 4-29 4.1.12 Waste Water 4-45 3 4.1.13 Solid Waste 4-50 4.1.14 Pollution from Agriculture 4-54 I l | 4.2 Biological Environment 4-58 4.2.1 Flora & Fauna in the Ecological Sections 4-58 4.2.2 Protected areas natural habitats and areas of high biodiversity 4-70 4.2.3 Threatened species and their habitat requirements 4-73 4.2.4 Existing activities affecting the fauna and flora 4-77 4.3 Supplementary Socio-economic Baseline 4-80 a 4.3.1 Population 4-80 4.3.2 Economy 4-81 4.3.3 Services 4-82 J 4.3.4 Religion 4-84 4.3.4 Cultural Environment 4-84 4.4 Public Consultation on the AILWMP 4-85 4.4.1 Assessment of People's Perception of the AILWMP - Public Consultation 4-85 5 Supplementary Assessment of Environmental and Social Impacts 5.1 Supplementary Assessment of Impacts on Physical and Chemical Environment 5-3 5.1.1 Potential Impacts of the Project 5-3 5.2 Supplementary Assessment of Impacts on Biological Environment 5-11 || 5.2.1 Potential Impacts of the Project 5-12 5.3 Supplementary Assessment of Social Impacts 5-14 5.3.1 Potential Impacts of the Project 5-15 I 5.3.4 Resettlement Impacts of the Alborz Dam 5-18 5.4 Cumulative Project Specific Impacts 5-22 5.4.1 Analysis of Project Cumulative Impacts 5-23 5.4.3 Summary of Project Cumulative Impacts 5-24 6 Analysis of Alternatives I 6.1 Analysis of Alternative Components and Sub-Components 6-1 6.1.1 Without Project Alternative 6-1 6.1.2 With Partial Project Alternative 6-2 X 6.1.3 With Project Alternative 6-2 6.2 Project Alternatives 6-3 6.2.1 Dam and Irrigation and Drainage Network 6-3 Xt 6.2.2 Inclusion of Fish Farming 6-4 6.2.3 Water Use Scenarios 6-4 6.3 Justification for the Selected Project Alternative 6-6 7 Mitigation: Environmental and Social Management Plan 7.1 Forest and Wildlife Monitoring 7-3 3 7.2 Water Quality and Quantity Monitoring 7-9 7.2.1 Ab-bandan Management and Monitoring 7-13 7.3 River Ecology Monitoring and Mitigation 7-17 I 7.4 Basin Water Fund 7-22 7.5 Pest Management Plan 7-23 7.5.1 Pest Management in Project Area 7-25 1 7.6 Dam Safety Plan 7-30 7.6.1 Existing Dams and Dams under Construction 7-30 I | 7.6.2 Panel of Experts 7-30 7.6.3 Main Findings and Recommendations 7-31 7.6.5 Dam Safety Action Plan 7-33 I 7.7 Resettlement Action Plan and Policy Frameworks 7-37 7.7.1 Overview and Categorization 7-37 7.7.2 Supplementary Resettlement Plan for Alborz Dam 7-38 I 7.7.3 Additional Resettlement Plan Provisions 7-39 7.7.4 Resettlement Policy Framework - Upper Watershed 7-41 7.7.5 Resettlement Policy Framework - Lower Watershed 7-43 I 7.8 Physical Cultural Property 7-47 7.9 Proposed Budget for the ESMP 7-49 7.9.1 Overview 7-49 7.9.2 Summary of ESMP and Proposed Budget 7-49 7.9.3 Institutional Arrangements 7-62 7.9.4 Implementation Schedule 7-62 I 7.9.5 Reporting Program 7-63 7.9.6 Transparency and Public Participation 7-63 I I l I I Il 11 | List of Annexes Annex A: Maps * No. Map Number Subject 1 I-60-GL-01 Base Map (the detail of the Project Area and its Sections) 2 1-60-PE-01 Geological Formations * 3 I-60-PE-02 Location of the Existing Faults 4 1-60-PE-03 Location of the Gauging Stations 5 1-60-PO-01 Location of Major Industries J6 I-60-PO-02 Zone of Agricultural Lands 7 1-60-BO-01 Distribution of Salmo trutta 8 I-60-BO-02 Distribution Panthera pardus 9 I-60-BO-03 Distribution of Cervus&Capreolus 10 I-60-BO-04 Distribution of Ursus Arctos 11 I-60-BO-05 Distribution of Onkorrhynchos mykiss * 12 I-60-BO-06 Suitable Wetland for Habitat and Breeding of chlidonias 13 I-60-BO-07 Distribution of Ecologic Bird 14 I-60-BO-08 Lafoor Hunting Forbidden U 15 I-60-BO-09 High Biodiversity Area 16 I-60-BO-10 Vegetation Map 17 I-60-BO- 11 Vulnerable Communities I 18 I-59-MM-01 Surface Water Monitoring Points 19 I-59-MM-02 Location of Monitoring Wellls | Annex B Socio-economic and Culture Questionnaires Annex BlLife Quality, Cultural, Social and Economical Questionnaires (Questionnaire No. 1) Annex B2 Public opinion and Public Participation Questionnaire (Questionnaire No.2) Annex C List of Plant Species and Physiognomic Characters (Cl) and (C2) List and Taxonomy of Fish in 5 Babolrood Annex D Pest Management Plan (Prepared by MOJA) Annex E Resettlement Plan and Resettlement Policy Frameworks Annex F Governmental Approval Documents for Implementation of Alborz Dam & its Irrigation and Drainage Network in Project Area Annex G List of ESA Report Preparers Annex H Without-AILWMP Alternatives 5 Annex I Additional Impact Information Annex J Water Demand and Balances Worksheet | Annex K Worksheet in EIA Matrix Annex L Worksheets for Partial Costing of ESMP | Annex M Original ESA CD-ROM I I List of Acronyms and Abbreviations AILWMP Alborz Integrated Land and Water Management Project ANOVA Analysis of Variance * a.s.l. above sea level ASC Agricultural Service Centers BOD Biological Oxygen Demand I BP Bank Procedure (World Bank) BWC Basin-Wide Committee BWF Basin Water Fund I BWMF Basin Water Management Fund CAS Country Assistance Strategy CDD Community Driven Development * CEP Caspian Environmental Program CHO Cultural Heritage Office CLO Central Liaison Office I COD Chemical Oxygen Demand CWRAS Country Water Resources Assistance Strategy DDT dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane * DO Dissolved Oxygen DOE Department of Environment EA Environmental Assessment J EAWRP Eastern Anatolia Watershed Rehabilitation Project (World Bank) EC Electric Conductivity EFS Extension and Farming Systems I EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EPP Emergency Preparedness Plan I ESA Environmental and Social Assessment ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan FFS Farmer Field School I FRWO Forest, Rangeland and Watershed Organisation (of MOJA) GIS Geographic Information System GOI Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran I GPS Global Positioning System GSRC Government Stakeholder Representation Committee GW Groundwater I ha Hectares IAS Interim Assistance Strategy (of World Bank) I&D Irrigation and Drainage I IMS Information Management System IPM Integrated Pest Management IPPPM Integrated Pest and Plant Protection Management * I.R. Islamic Republic IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature & Natural Resources l I 1,iwmv Integrated Water Resources Management IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management IWMU Integrated Water Management Unit JIUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources km Kilometer LO Liaison Office I LUP Land Use Planning M&E Monitoring and Evaluation " mcm Million cubic meters I MCC Main Conveyance Canal MEF Ministry of Economy and Finance MDOE Mazandaran Provincial Department of Environment I MDOFA Mazandaran Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture MGCE Mahab Ghodss Consulting Engineers meq Micro-equivalent I MGCE Mahab Ghodss Consulting Engineers MGRWC Mazandaran and Golestan Regional Water Company MGW Mega Watts * MIS Management Information Systems Unit MJAD Mazandaran Jihad and Agriculture Department mmZ Millimeter I MNA Middle East/North Africa MOE Ministry of Energy MOH Ministry of Health * MOEF Ministry of Economics and Finance MOH Ministry of Health MOJA Ministry of Jihad Agriculture I MPO Management & Planning Organization (Govt.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • BR IFIC N° 2521 Index/Indice
    BR IFIC N° 2521 Index/Indice International Frequency Information Circular (Terrestrial Services) ITU - Radiocommunication Bureau Circular Internacional de Información sobre Frecuencias (Servicios Terrenales) UIT - Oficina de Radiocomunicaciones Circulaire Internationale d'Information sur les Fréquences (Services de Terre) UIT - Bureau des Radiocommunications Part 1 / Partie 1 / Parte 1 Date/Fecha: 15.06.2004 Description of Columns Description des colonnes Descripción de columnas No. Sequential number Numéro séquenciel Número sequencial BR Id. BR identification number Numéro d'identification du BR Número de identificación de la BR Adm Notifying Administration Administration notificatrice Administración notificante 1A [MHz] Assigned frequency [MHz] Fréquence assignée [MHz] Frecuencia asignada [MHz] Name of the location of Nom de l'emplacement de Nombre del emplazamiento de 4A/5A transmitting / receiving station la station d'émission / réception estación transmisora / receptora 4B/5B Geographical area Zone géographique Zona geográfica 4C/5C Geographical coordinates Coordonnées géographiques Coordenadas geográficas 6A Class of station Classe de station Clase de estación Purpose of the notification: Objet de la notification: Propósito de la notificación: Intent ADD-addition MOD-modify ADD-additioner MOD-modifier ADD-añadir MOD-modificar SUP-suppress W/D-withdraw SUP-supprimer W/D-retirer SUP-suprimir W/D-retirar No. BR Id Adm 1A [MHz] 4A/5A 4B/5B 4C/5C 6A Part Intent 1 104044430 ARM 935.2000 VAIK VK 1 ARM 45E27'38" 39N41'14" FB 1 ADD 2 104044385
    [Show full text]
  • See the Document
    IN THE NAME OF GOD IRAN NAMA RAILWAY TOURISM GUIDE OF IRAN List of Content Preamble ....................................................................... 6 History ............................................................................. 7 Tehran Station ................................................................ 8 Tehran - Mashhad Route .............................................. 12 IRAN NRAILWAYAMA TOURISM GUIDE OF IRAN Tehran - Jolfa Route ..................................................... 32 Collection and Edition: Public Relations (RAI) Tourism Content Collection: Abdollah Abbaszadeh Design and Graphics: Reza Hozzar Moghaddam Photos: Siamak Iman Pour, Benyamin Tehran - Bandarabbas Route 48 Khodadadi, Hatef Homaei, Saeed Mahmoodi Aznaveh, javad Najaf ...................................... Alizadeh, Caspian Makak, Ocean Zakarian, Davood Vakilzadeh, Arash Simaei, Abbas Jafari, Mohammadreza Baharnaz, Homayoun Amir yeganeh, Kianush Jafari Producer: Public Relations (RAI) Tehran - Goragn Route 64 Translation: Seyed Ebrahim Fazli Zenooz - ................................................ International Affairs Bureau (RAI) Address: Public Relations, Central Building of Railways, Africa Blvd., Argentina Sq., Tehran- Iran. www.rai.ir Tehran - Shiraz Route................................................... 80 First Edition January 2016 All rights reserved. Tehran - Khorramshahr Route .................................... 96 Tehran - Kerman Route .............................................114 Islamic Republic of Iran The Railways
    [Show full text]
  • Water Quality Investigations in the Vicinity of an Active Coal Washing
    Proceedings_Theme_01_Proceedings IMWA 2011 22/08/2011 12:36 AM Page 11 Aachen, Germany “Mine Water – Managing the Challenges” IMWA 2011 Water quality investigations in the vicinity of an active coal washing plant in Zirab, Mazandaran province, northern Iran Faramarz Doulati Ardejani¹, Seid Ziadin Shafaei², Majid Shahhoseiny¹, Raghu Singh³, Ali Reza Arab-Amiri¹ ¹Faculty of Mining, Petroleum and Geophysics, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran ²School of Mining Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran ³Nottingham Centre for Geomechanics, School of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham, UK abstract This study aims to investigate the quality of water systems impacted by the Anjir Tangeh coal wash- ing plant in the Mazandaran province, northern Iran. 22 water samples were taken from the tailings dam ponds, process water collection ponds, water from the Dalilam River and drainages discharging to this river passing near the plant. Water samples were analysed for pH, EC, major cations and anions and 70 trace ele- ments concentrations. The type of water samples and the variation in their chemistry were determined ac- cording to Stiff, Piper and Ficklin diagrams respectively. Presence of carbonate rocks raised the pH of the water samples. Key Words Coal washing plant, water quality, Natural alkaline mine drainage (NAMD), Dalilam River Introduction Karmozd, Karsang and Kiasar are the most impor- Water 1is a natural resource to basic human tant coal mines in the Zirab region and these coal need and a precious national benefit. The coal pro- mines feed the coal washing plant. duced by mining activity should be washed in The weather is very cold in winter and moder- order to raise its quality and remove any impurity.
    [Show full text]
  • An Overview on the Basis of Urban Planning and Social Life of Safavid Cities
    Intl. J. Humanities (2016) Vol. 23 (3): (1-13) An Overview on the basis of Urban Planning and Social Life of Safavid Cities Abed Taghavi 1, Hassan Hashemi Zarjabad 2, Maryam Asgari Veshareh 3 Received: 2016/3/2 Accepted: 2016/10/11 Abstract In the Safavid era, cities played a decisive role in the activities of urban social life, especially with regard to commodity, distribution and exchanging system between urban and rural society as well as defining the role of organizations in the commercial process. This paper is based on historical analyzing method where the authors could utilize primary sources to study social and economic states of urban life in Persian cities during Safavid. Farah Abad, Isfahan and Bandar Abbas in North, Center and South of Iran have been examined. These cities were selected considering their functional nature as producer, industrial (processor) and exporter centers. The outcome of the study shows that the cities founded and developed during Safavid, specially on Silk Road, during the reign of Shah Abbas I (996- 1038 AH), played the role of producer, distributer and exporter in north, center and south of Iran. Based on their functional capacities, cities of that era are divided into three types: producer of raw materials, intermediary and processing, and finally exporter (port) cities. The analysis of economic relations of those cities indicates that the king had despotic monopolization of all aspects of the cities where the urban economy deeply on agricultural economy of countryside. Keywords: Islamic Cites; Financial Relations; Safavid Era; Silk Route; Economic unction. Downloaded from eijh.modares.ac.ir at 20:19 IRST on Tuesday September 28th 2021 1.Assistant Professor of Archaeology, University of Mazandaran, [email protected] 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Isme Conference 2002 Authors Guide, Paper Title
    Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences ISSN: 2231– 6345 (Online) An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at www.cibtech.org/sp.ed/jls/2015/01/jls.htm 2015 Vol.5 (S1), pp. 1089-1095/Shamsi et al. Research Article EVALUATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL CAPACITY OF GHAEMSHAHR PROVINCE TO PRIORITIZE DEVELOPMENT-PRONE ZONES Khezer Shamsi1, Ali NouriNejad2 and Azita Rajabi3 1Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran 2Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran *Author for Correspondence ABSTRACT In this descriptive-analytical article, ecological uses capacity in Ghaemshahr Province is investigated. For this purpose, the required layers and data are collected and analyzed using Makhdum model. In addition, ecological potential of the investigated zone is studied for each uses in GIS. Then, the map of optimal uses is prepared in different (first and second) classes, based on which agricultural and forestry uses with the total of 37.332 and 4188 hectares are placed in the first and second categories. In the second class of optimal uses, extensive recreation of the first category, with 43848 hectares area, is ranked first, aquaculture activity with 40.168 hectares is ranked second, and intensive recreation of the first category with 32.201 hectares is ranked third. Keywords: Evaluation, Ecological Potential, Optimal Uses, Ghaemshahr INTRODUCTION Today, population growth, expansion of human activity in the nature, inappropriate land uses, and uncontrolled and non-normative exploitation of water, soil, and vegetation resources have faced a wide area of the country with the risk of desertification and land degradation, leading to vegetation degradation, erosion and loss of soil fertility, production decline, unemployment, and negative social, economic consequences (Bayat et al., 2011).
    [Show full text]
  • Page 1 Recent Destructive Earthquakes in the Central Alborz
    Uecent destructive earth(Iuakes in the CentraI Alhorz (Iran) J. S. TCHALBè'iKO ("') Reeeived on Januarr 21st, }f173 SUMMARY . )lneroseislllic data hase(] on fieM work and biblio. .l!raphieal reseal'eh is given fol' six little·known destl'uctive eaTtlulunkes which occnrrrd in the Centrnl Alhorz, Iran, (Inring the 20th Ceutnry. Tlwr al'e: Ah-)Iobal'akabatl 1930, Albol'z 1935, Gnrll1snl' 194-3, Mus!Ja 1953, Sangcchal 1957 an(] Babol-Keuar 1971. Thc locations oi t!Jc two largest. of thcse cnl't.hquakes (1933, and H)57) wCl'e fortunatcly nt some tlistan('e Irolll the (Ieusely populatc(] l'egions oi Tcluan aIH] t!Jc constai towns oi the Caspian Sea. RIASSUNTO. -- Sono sbti raccolti Ilati macl'osisllliei, lllediaute ricel'dlC in loco e hihliogmfiche, mlativi a sei tcncllloti (]istl'uttivi poeo conosciuti che sono avvenuti nel XX secolo nella mgione (lell'AlllOl'z ccntrale (Imu). J,oea1itit. c(] anni sono i scguenti: Ah-Moba)'aknbnd, 1030; Alhol'z, ]\135; Gal'llls:tl', 10-1-5; l\lusha, 1953; Sangcchnl, H157; Babol-Kenal', 1971. I più loTti di questi tcnellloti (1935 1937) nvvennel'o fort.uuntalllente ad una cel'ta distanzn tlalle zone più deusalllente popolate di Tehel'!lll e (Ielle cittil. costiere del Ì\lrU' Caspio. 1. - INTRODUC'l'lON 'l'he stucly of the seismicity aI the CentraI Alborz mountains in Iran is of lmrtiClilar importance becalL~c the reb>'10n is bonlcl'cd by two oI thc mORt })opulatecl areas of thc countl';r, i.c. thc TeImm aggIu­ meration in the BOuth, amI thc coastal towns aI the Casllian Sca in (*) Engineering SeisulOlogy.
    [Show full text]
  • Functional Evaluation of Mazandaran Province Cities Using Factor Analysis, Numerical Taxonomy and Cluster Analysis* Shima Dadfar1**, Naser Azimi2 and Hasan Ahmadi3
    Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development, 6(10), 253-266, Spring Summer 2013 ISSN: 2008-5079 Functional Evaluation of Mazandaran Province Cities Using Factor Analysis, Numerical Taxonomy and Cluster Analysis* Shima Dadfar1**, Naser Azimi2 and Hasan Ahmadi3 1Master of Urban & Regional Planning, Faculty of Art & Artitecture, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Central University, Tehran Central Branch, Tehran, Iran. 2Assistent Professor of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art & Artitecture, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Central Branch, Tehran, Iran. 3Assistent Professor of Urban & Regional Planning, Faculty of Art & Artitecture, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran. Received 17 April 2013; Revised 30 April 2013; Accepted 29 July 2013 ABSTRACT: One priority of planning at the regional level is to recognize the system of residence and particularly its urban system. One of the features of urban system in each area or country is the way of population distribution between the cities of these areas which is called city distribution size. In functional analysis of Mazandaran province 41 development indexes of educational, cultural, social, demographic, economic, health and agricultural fields were selected, then by using factor analysis through SPSS Software, these factors were decreased into 6 main indexes and finally consolidated indexes were extracted. Then, these six factors were used as the inputs of taxonomy analysis in Excel, and the scores of cities which were valued between 0 -1 were obtained. Finally, in order to classify Mazandaran province cities by using cluster analyses, SPSS and Taxonomy scores, all of the cities were classified into 6 levels. To present the results graphically, GIS software was used to present a map entitled “Map of Mazandaran province cities classification”.
    [Show full text]
  • Landscape Management Through Change Processes Monitoring in Iran
    sustainability Article Landscape Management through Change Processes Monitoring in Iran Mohsen Zabihi 1,2,* , Hamidreza Moradi 1, Mehdi Gholamalifard 3, Abdulvahed Khaledi Darvishan 1 and Christine Fürst 2,* 1 Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor 46417-76489, Iran; [email protected] (H.M.); [email protected] (A.K.D.) 2 Department of Sustainable Landscape Development, Institute for Geosciences and Geography, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany 3 Department of the Environment Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor 46417-76489, Iran; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected] (M.Z.); [email protected] (C.F.) Received: 3 February 2020; Accepted: 24 February 2020; Published: 26 February 2020 Abstract: The presented research investigated and predicted landscape change processes (LCPs) in the Talar watershed, northern Iran. The Land Change Modeler was used for change analysis, transition potential modeling, and prediction of land use/land cover (LULC) map. The evaluation of projected LULC map was performed by comparing the real and predicted LULC maps for the reference year, 2014. Landscape metrics and change processes were investigated for the period 1989–2014 and for exploring the situation in 2030. Results illustrated that the increase in agricultural land and residential areas took place at the expense of forest and rangeland. The distance from forests was the most sensitive parameter for modeling the transition potentials. The modelling of the LULC change projected the number of patches, the landscape shape index, interspersion and juxtaposition index, and edge density, Euclidean nearest-neighbor distance, and area-weighted shape index will amount to 65.3, 7.63, 20.1, 8.77, 1.35, and 0.61% as compared to 2014, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Ranking Payam Noor University of Mazandaran Province (Using a Numerical Taxonomy Analysis)
    Available online a t www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Pelagia Research Library Advances in Applied Science Research, 2012, 3 (6):4069-4076 ISSN: 0976-8610 CODEN (USA): AASRFC Ranking Payam Noor University of Mazandaran province (using a numerical taxonomy analysis) Abolghasem Esnaashari Amiri Department of Economics, Payame Noor University, Iran ABSTRACT One of the characteristics of third world countries is intense focus and lack of balance, this feature is considered effect results of polarized growth policies that result of this policy, all the features and power is concentrated in one or more areas and other areas act as marginal. For creating balance and in order to make proper and homogeneous spaces in centers and Payame Noor universities of Mazandaran; This article addition introduction numerical taxonomy method and the Mathematical equations are examined inequalities centers and units by ranking them. In this study 2 the overall index been considered that these indicators were chosen in the field research and educational, and year examined in this study is period of 2011 . For doing this work, first, using numerical taxonomy were identified entitlement status centers and units Payam Noor University of Mazandaran and universities in 3 categories were «entitlement», «semi Underserved» and «Underserved» in the next step, using methods Shannon Entropy and SAW, universities were ranked in terms of the enjoyment of these indices . The results showed in the field of Educational 29% of Payam Noor universities of Mazandaran are considered Entitlement 65% Semi Underserved and 6 percent Underserved. In the research index, 35% of Payam Noor universities of Mazandaran are considered Entitlement 53% Semi Underserved and 12 percent Underserved .
    [Show full text]
  • Function of Iranian Cities in Safavid Erapolitical Cities Or Commercial Cities
    Journal of Anthropology & Archaeology 1(1); June 2013 pp. 28-40 Taghavi, Farzin & Zoor Function of Iranian Cities in Safavid Erapolitical Cities or Commercial Cities Abed Taghavi Department of Archaeology University of Mazandaran Iran Saman Farzin Department of Archaeology University of Mazandaran Iran Maryam Zoor Student, Department of Archaeology University of Tarbiat Modares Iran Abstract History of City and Urbanization in Safavid dynasty is one of the most active as well as complicated social category. Distribution and function of each city in accordance with their political, economic, social and cultural role indicated their various functional changes. Besides the political origin of Iranian cities in this era, the economic relations that are depended on urban society, is one of the most important functions of the city as a social phenomenon. In Safavid Iran, this has played a decisive role in the activity of urban social life regarding to an organized definition of commodity, distribution and exchanging system between urban and rural society as well as defining the role of organization in commercial process.This paper is based on historical analyzing method, utilizing historical sources, and social and economic studies on urbanization defining Persian cities economic structure in Safavid era. Farah Abad, Isfahan and Bandar Abbas in north, center and south of Iran are examined to realize the developments which are logical and documentary. These are selected because of their functional nature which was producer, industrial (processor) and exporter cities. The result of this research shows that the founded and developed cities in Safavid Iran, specially expanded on Silk Road in Shah Abbas I’s reign (996-1083H.), played the role of producer, distributer and exporter in North, Center and South of Iran.
    [Show full text]
  • Structural Identification of Bridges (Case Study: Mazandaran, Iran)
    Copyright © 2014 Scienceline Publication Journal of Civil Engineering and Urbanism Volume 4, Issue 3: 239-244 (2014) ISSN-2252-0430 Structural Identification of Bridges (Case Study: Mazandaran, Iran) Mohammad Reza MehdiNezhad1*, Ebrahim AmirKolaee2, Hesam Nikbakht 1, Hossein GholiPour PateRoudi3 1Member of Iranian Elite Society, Mazandaran Branch, Babol, Iran 2Department of Humen Sciences, Facualty of Archeology, Islamic Azad University, Savadkooh Branch, Savadkooh, Iran 3Department of Humen Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Shahr Rey Branch, Shahr Rey, Iran *Corresponding author’s Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Throughout more thousand years of human civilization, bridge and bridge architecture had indicated the creativity, initiative and ingenuity of human and his understanding and feeling about architect, resistance, beauty, symmetry, harmony and other values were always under the judgment of next ORIGINAL ARTICLE generations. Across history, bridge was not just a tool to connect two areas but it was a sample of ability, ingenuity, creativity and the skill of human. The connection between two parts was a source of inspiration, a Accepted 30 Apr. 2014 Received 22 Dec. 2013 new idea was formed, new methods were created and new bridges were constructed. 363 historical bridges indicate the importance of this structure among different Iranian historical architecture works. Bridge building was flourished simultaneously by creating more connection between cities and commercial centers. Iranian architecture history quoted the building of several bridges which nowadays there is no any sign of them. The bridges were always exposed to rivers overflowing and natural erosion. Probably there is no such dependency between structure and architecture in other kind of constructions. In fact, the bridge architecture is a combination of structures which are influenced by river bed, ground strength and amount of water across it.
    [Show full text]
  • Tourists' Perspective on Ecotourism Infrastructures in Mazandaran
    American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (AJHSS) ISSN: 2663-7197 Original Research Article Tourists’ Perspective on Ecotourism Infrastructures in Mazandaran Province of Iran Meysam Ramyar1*, Tahmineh Asadi Amiri2, Omekolsoum Momeni3, Mohammad Jafar Ghasemi4, & Zia Ur Rahman Zaheer5 1Faculty of Build Environment and Surveying, UTM, Johor Malaysia 2Faculty of Tourism Economic, Algarve University, Portugal 3Faculty of Management and Accounting, University of Alameh Tabatabaei, Tehran, Iran 4Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran 5English Language and Literature Department, Faculty of Humanities and Literature, Baghlan University, Baghlan, Afghanistan Corresponding Author: Meysam Ramyar, E-mail: [email protected] ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT This study follows a quantitative approach aiming at exploring the tourists' perspective towards accommodation services from Mazandaran, to identify tourists' perspective towards accessibility services from Mazandaran and to explore tourists' perspective towards facilities from Mazandaran. A questionnaire was mailed to 122 tourists from the state, regional and foreign tourists where they were re required to demonstrate their ecotourism development prospects by KEYWORDS ranking the items as 1. Poor and 5. Strong. The findings indicated that the tourists had a complimentary view of homestay standard and operation, but they were Ecotourism Infrastructures, not satisfied with tents sites in summer. Besides, the tourists were more optimistic Mazandaran Province, about the road quality as well as cycling, but they did not show their interest in accommodation services, terms of trails and observation point's services for bird watching and skiing routes. homestay standard and operation Furthermore, the tourists ranked indicator facilities as the least favored. They believe that the café and restaurant, as well as parking areas, are not well organized and showed their concerns about the bathroom, washing equipment, waterfall, and washroom facilities.
    [Show full text]