Performance of Flourosilicon Treated Protective Garment Against Pesticides Residue Transmission
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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(11): 440-443 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 11 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.911.054 Performance of Flourosilicon Treated Protective Garment against Pesticides Residue Transmission R. Prabhavathi*, D. Anitha and Jyothi Vastrad Acharya N.G Ranga Agricultural University, Advanced Post Graduate Centre, Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT A field-cum-laboratory study was conducted to understand the barrier performance of protective garment made from Polyester-Cotton fabric treated with water repellent silicon K e yw or ds finish. Field study comprised of identifying the health problems encountered by pesticide sprayers in four villages viz., Narakoduru, Salapadu, Suddapalli and Vejendla of Chebrolu, Flourosilicon mandal, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, where chilli crop is being cultivated in larger Treated Protective extent under high input management of insecticides. A blend of polyester/cotton (67:33) Garment , Pesticides with 157.7 GSM was treated with BOND-WR-12 A (RTU) water repellent silicone finish and garment was constructed using the treated fabric. Transmission of pesticide residue Article Info onto the skin of applicator through treated fabric was studied with three toxic pesticides Accepted: that are used in chilli cultivation in the selected villages. The transmission study of 07 October 2020 Phasphomidon, Monocrotophos and Dimethoate pesticides were individually carried out in Available Online: field conditions following Wiping test (WHO, 2014 report). Covered and uncovered areas 10 November 2020 were created on the body of applicators using garment and wiping was done after pesticide application. The collected pesticide residues from the skin were analysed through Gas Chromatography. The study revealed that mean residue transmission in covered area was less. Introduction 2015). For obtaining higher yields farmers of this crop in Andhra Pradesh are using various In Andhra Pradesh chilli crop is being pesticides for management of pest and cultivated on commercial basis in an area of diseases for maximum yield and earnings. As 1.3 lakh hectares with production of 7.7 lakhs a result, chilli farmers are directly or tonnes and a revenue of Rs. 3563 crores per indirectly exposed to pesticides and annum. India is ranked first in India for the fungicides when mixing or when applying production of red chillies. Among thirteen pesticides or when working in treated fields. districts of Andhra Pradesh, Guntur is one of the important chilli growing district with an Application of chemical pesticides impacted area of 66,896 hectares and 1.2 lakh tones their health, creating problems ranging from production (Velayyutham and Damodaran, simple temporary conditions of headache to 440 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(11): 440-443 severe critical conditions such as cancer. Finishing parameters Human skin is porous and absorbs greater amount of pesticide bringing out health Water repellent finish was applied on fabric in issues. Lack of proper education and pad-dry-cure with a finish conc. of 5%, at pH awareness, use of improper clothing, 4.5. Wet pick up was maintained at 70%. negligence on the part of worker, are the Drying temp. of 1050C, Curing temp. of reasons for adverse health effects due to 1650C and time for both drying and curing pesticides Chilli farmers of Guntur district are was same i.e. 3 min. found to use some extremely and highly toxic pesticides as listed by WHO classification. Measuring dermal exposure using swabs So, an attempt was made to develop garment Treated fabric was stitched into overalls and made from blend of P/C treated with silicone given to applicators to study the performance finish for good barrier performance that offers of the fabric. In this study, only the right-hand right protection and to study the efficacy of sleeve of the garment was folded above the the fabric in blocking the transmission of elbow while the left hand sleeve was left pesticide residue onto skin. without folding creating an uncovered and covered area on the applicator (Fig. 1). Area Materials and Methods for collection of residues was marked (from 64 cm2 skin area) on both the hands on the Fabric selection upper surface of arms between elbow and A blend of Polyester/Cotton provides comfort wrist. Before spraying, marked uncovered and to the wearer as well reduces the pesticide covered areas were cleaned two times with penetration levels in the fabric (Padma and cotton wipes soaked in alcohol. Applicators Khateeja, 2017). Hence, plain woven were then asked to perform their routine polyester/cotton (67:33) with 157.7 GSM was spraying activity with difference in sleeve selected for the study. condition of the garment. Three pesticides, Monocrotophos, Dimethoate and Desizing Phosphamidon were sprayed using the same concentration as they use on the crop. After Fabric is desized for better penetration of completing the activity, the same marked finishing solution. Acid desizing was adopted areas were swabbed five times each with (Karmarkar, 1999). Fabric was treated with absorbent pads. Collected swabs were stored dilute sulphuric acid with a concentration of separately and labelled until further analysis. 5-10 ml/l of water at a temperature of about Likewise, samples were collected for three 40ºC for 3-4 hours in ‘Soft Flow Dyeing’ spraying operation for all three pesticides. machine. Material to liquor ratio was kept at The same was carried out using control fabric. 1:20. After treatment, fabric was rinsed thoroughly in plain tap water. Analysis of residue in GC Selection of finish Collected swabs were soaked in 30 ml of hexane, overnight in separate cleaned glass BOND -WR -12-A RTUa finish that is based bottles with lids. The contents were shaken on environmentally friendly C-6 chemistry thoroughly and filtered through Whatman was used. It is a water based formulation that No.1 filter paper. The extracts of three forms a nano coat on the surface. pesticides individually from samples were 441 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(11): 440-443 later injected and analysed for the decrease over control. The deposited pesticide quantification of pesticides present in samples residues on the skin of applicator were were expressed as ng/cm2 measured by collecting from 64 cm2 skin area marked on forearms. The residues from both Results and Discussion covered (protective garment) and uncovered areas on the skin were collected and Transmission of pesticide residues through compared to identify the need for appropriate treated fabric protective clothing against spraying. The transmission of residues was assumed to be The data pertaining to transmission of three due to rubbing of fabric to skin while pesticide residues from fabric to skin during spraying activity or by absorption of residues application is presented in Table 1 and Fig. 2. from fabric through perspiration (Rajitha and The Value in the parenthesis indicates % Vastala, 2003). Table.1 Transmission of different pesticide residues through treated fabric Name of the No. of sprays Mean of selected pesticide After application pesticide 1 2 3 Fabric 1 2 3 residue type transmission Uncovered area Covered area Phosphamidon 1.28 2.61 3.5 Control 0.15 (88.28) 0.16 (93.89) 0.26 (92.57) 1.293 1.26 2.59 3.52 Treated 0.04 (96.83) 0.08 (96.91) 0.11 (97.16) Monocrotophos 1.3 2.57 3.58 Control 0.18 (86.15) 0.18 (92.99) 0.28 (92.18) 1.340* 1.26 2.71 3.56 Treated 0.09 (92.86) 0.09 (96.68) 0.12 (96.91) Dimethoate 1.26 2.53 3.45 Control 0.15 (88.10) 0.07 (97.24) 0.25 (93.04) 1.261 1.24 2.56 3.46 Treated 0.02 (98.38) 0.03 (98.82) 0.09 (97.39) Average residue Uncovered area (1.333) - transmission of Covered area (1.267) three exposures Mean of sprays One (0.684), Two (1.350) and Three (1.845) - SEM; 0.015811 SED; 0.022361 C.D.; 0.044185 t 5% 336 dof = 1.967 (dof= degrees of freedom) (*) more significant. *. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level. Fig.1 Covered and uncovered areas on the forearm of applicator 442 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(11): 440-443 Fig.2 Transmission of different pesticide residues through treated fabric Applicator’s skin covered with treated fabric covered skin with treated fabric, there was the gave good protection for all three pesticides same protection provided after the first and though there was a continuous increase in the 2nd sprays however very slight increase was residue amount by the end of 3rd spray. In observed after 3rd spray. case of Monocrotophos pesticide, covered skin with treated fabric, showed the same References protection after the first and 2nd sprays however very slight increase was observed Karmakar, S.R. 1999. Chemical Technology after 3rd spray. It is evident from the table 1 in the pre-treatment Processes of that uncovered areas, after each spray showed textiles. Textile Science and higher values than covered areas. Higher Technology. 12(1): 497. values were observed with Monocrotophos Padma A and Khateeja S. K. 2017. Improving pesticide after 1st, 2nd and third spraying over farmers knowledge on indigenous the other two pesticides. practice of spraying pesticides in grape garden. International Journal of In conclusions the present study it was Agricultural Science an research. observed that, the treated protective garment 7(6): 189-200. transmitted less the pesticide residue over Rajitha, I and Vatsala, R. 2003. Effectiveness ordinary clothing. The treated garment of protective clothing for agricultural obstructed the pesticide residues transmission.