DOCSLIB.ORG

Entomopathogenic Nematodes As Potential Biological Control Agents of Subterranean Termite, Microcerotermes Diversus (Blattodea: Termitidae) in Iraq Jawad B

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Entomopathogenic Nematodes As Potential Biological Control Agents of Subterranean Termite, Microcerotermes Diversus (Blattodea: Termitidae) in Iraq Jawad B Environmental Entomology, 49(2), 2020, 412–421 doi: 10.1093/ee/nvaa014 Advance Access Publication Date: 10 March 2020 Insect-Microbial Interaction Research Entomopathogenic Nematodes as Potential Biological Control Agents of Subterranean Termite, Microcerotermes diversus (Blattodea: Termitidae) in Iraq Jawad B. Al-Zaidawi,1 Javad Karimi,1,3, and Esmat Mahdikhani Moghadam2 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ee/article-abstract/49/2/412/5802319 by guest on 15 April 2020 1Biocontrol and Insect Pathology Lab., Department of Plant Protection, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran, 2Department of Plant Protection, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran and 3Corresponding author, email: [email protected] Subject editor: Angel Acebes-Doria applyparastyle "fig//caption/p[1]" parastyle "FigCapt" Received 5 September 2019; Editorial decision 5 February 2020 applyparastyle "fig" parastyle "Figure" Abstract The infectivity of three species of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) such as Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae), and H. bacteriophora Poinar (IRQ.1 strain) were examined against subterranean termite Microcerotermes diversus (Silvestri) (Blattodea: Termitidae) that is the most economically destructive termite in Iraq. Laboratory and field NList_dot_numeric2=HeadC=NList_dot_numeric=HeadC efficacy of these strains were evaluated to test the feasibility of indigenous EPNs to be used in a biological control NList_dot_numeric3=HeadC=NList_dot_numeric1=HeadC program. The biological traits examined included pathogenicity, penetration, and reproduction of EPN species. NList_dot_numeric2=HeadD=NList_dot_numeric=HeadD Filter paper and wood bioassays were conducted using six concentrations: 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 600 IJs/termite. NList_dot_numeric3=HeadD=NList_dot_numeric1=HeadD In both tests, all strains were virulent against M. diversus workers. The LC of S. carpocapsae in both petri dishes NList_dot_numeric2=HeadE=NList_dot_numeric=HeadE 50 and in containers with sawdust was (57.9 and 15.7 IJs/termite) less than both indigenous (274.2 and 60.8 IJs/termite) NList_dot_numeric3=HeadE=NList_dot_numeric1=HeadE and commercial (139.6 and 52.6 IJs/termite) Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, respectively. In the field, the percent mortality of the tested workers ranged from 22.5–80 ± 8.3%, 37.5–96.2 ± 8.9%, and 28.7–67.5 ± 6.8% for commercial H. bacteriophora and S. carpocapsae and native H. bacteriophora, respectively. All EPN strains successfully penetrated the M. diversus workers under field conditions, while the results showed that there was a significant difference between the three EPN strains. The percent mortality caused by native H. bacteriophora against termites was higher (43.6 ± 2.7%) than both commercial strains of S. carpocapsae (36.9 ± 1.6%) and H. bacteriophora (29.9 ± 1.4 %). These results highlight the efficiency of EPNs for the control ofM. diversus workers. Key words: Entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Microcerotermes diversus, Biological control One of the most common social insects documented in many coun- to manage subterranean termites in Iraq mainly includes application tries around the world are termites, which are reported as economic of chemical pesticide (Al-Jassany 1996). The main insecticide fre- and destructive pests, especially in Iraq. Some species of termite at- quently used in the country to control this subterranean termite is tack wood sources above the soil surface, while others cause damage Chlorpyrifos 48% TC. Estimates of the cost to import Chlorpyrifos to trees or crops underneath the soil (Josens 1983). The most eco- in 1998 and Fipronil in 2001 into Iraq were 1.1 and 2 million USD, nomically important termite species in agricultural areas of Iraq is respectively (Al-Zubaidy and Al-Jassany 2013). The ingredients of Microcerotermes diversus (Silvestri) (Blattodea: Termitidae). This these compounds have adverse environmental effects. For example, species can attack fruit trees and agricultural crops in various re- the use of high concentrations of chemical pesticides for a long time gions, as well as buildings causing massive property damage. could contaminate the crops and may cause a serious problem to Furthermore, the termite tunnel on stem trees causes weakness to the human and their agro-ecosystem (Rola and Pingali 1993, Potter and stems by consuming the carbohydrate ultimately causing collapse of Hillery 2001). Another method conducted to control the termites trees (Al-Jassany 1996). in Iraq was commercial formulation of fungi Metarhizium aniso- Currently, several control approaches are applied against this pliae which was used effectively to protect olive trees against termite costly pest, including cultural, botanical, and chemical controls. Of species such as M. diversus (Hussain et al. 2011, Al-Zubaidy and these methods, chemical control involves the use of synthetic insecti- Al-Jassany 2013). Because of concerns about the side effects of pro- cides such as bifenthrin, fipronil, cypermethrin, and deltamethrin longed pesticide application and positive results of using biocontrol (Wagner et al. 2003). Currently, the most common method applied agents, it is crucial to reduce these applications by finding alternative © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: [email protected]. 412 Environmental Entomology, 2020, Vol. 49, No. 2 413 approaches to control subterranean termites, including the use of they were allowed to warm up to room temperature (25 ± 1°C) for entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) (Gouge 2005). The cryptic 2 h. Also, their viability for motion was checked using dissected habitat of subterranean termite nesting and foraging primarily in microscope. the soil provides suitable conditions for application of EPNs (Epsky and Capinera 1993). Collection and Maintenance of Termites The families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae (Poinar The termite species (M. diversus) were collected from infested trees 1990) are widely available commercially and have been used com- in citrus and palm orchards in central Baghdad. The termite colony monly to control a number of different soil insect pests (Kaya and used in this study was transferred to laboratory and maintained in Gaugler 1993, Kaya et al. 2006). These are obligate lethal parasitic plastic containers (80 × 70 × 70 cm) with pieces of wood in a dark pathogens of insect pests. The ‘infective juveniles (IJs) of the nema- chamber at 25 ± 1°C and 65–70% relative humidity. For the experi- todes’ live symbiotically with bacteria of the genera Xenorhabdus ment, a modified aspirator was used to collect the termite workers and Photorhabdus, respectively (Poinar 1990, Ciche et al. 2003). from the colony. The nematodes can enter the target insect pest through natural openings such as mouth, anus, and sometimes via the cuticle causing Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ee/article-abstract/49/2/412/5802319 by guest on 15 April 2020 Laboratory Bioassay mortality of pests (Grewal et al. 2005). The EPNs are widely distrib- EPNs’ Efficacy, Reproduction, and Penetration in G. mellonella uted in soils throughout the world (Kaya 1990). Moist, cool, and Three isolates of EPN were used in the experiments. The applied dark conditions of termite’s habitat are ideal conditions for the sur- isolates were commercial strains of S. carpocapsae (Capsanem) and vival and movement of Steinernematid and Heterorhabditid nema- H. bacteriophora (Larvanem) supplied by Koppert B.V. (Berkel en todes (Lewis et al. 1992; Kaya and Gaugler 1993, 1997; Glazer et al. Rodenrijs, the Netherlands) and H. bacteriophora IRQ.1 strain 2001). Preliminary studies have indicated that some termites are sus- (Al-Zaidawi et al. 2019). All strains were reared under laboratory ceptible to Steinernema species (Chouvenc et al. 2011). Indigenous conditions with IJs being collected. The bioassay was conducted to natural enemies are highly recommended and important to save the determine the lethal concentration of EPNs against last instar larvae time of adoption and importation of new species as well as to avoid of G. mellonella under laboratory conditions. Five concentrations possible side effects on nontarget species. For example, native EPNs of EPNs (100, 200, 400, 600, and 800 IJs/larva) were inoculated in isolated from Iran have been used effectively against fruit fly Dacus Petri dishes (9 cm in diameter) with wetted filter papers. Four rep- ciliates Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae) which was the most serious pest licates (10 larvae) per treatment (concentration) and untreated con- of cucumber, melon, musk melon, and other related fruits (Kamali trol were used in this bioassay. Each replicate received 1 ml of EPNs et al. 2013). Although applying nematodes against various insect suspension. Larvae mortality was recorded 48 h postinfection. Half pests all over the world is considered as a safe and successful control of the infected larvae were dissected under a stereomicroscope after method, the use of biological control agents against termites is still rinsing with distilled water. Next, the number of IJs found per larva very limited and more research is required to establish which biocon- was counted to evaluate the penetration of each EPN species. The trol agent is effective under which conditions (Yu 2009). other half of the infected larvae
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Eco-Friendly Management of Tea Plantatons Towards Sustainablity
    Vol. 3 (3&4) 2004 Eco-friendly Management of Tea Plan ta tons Towards Sustainablity Technical Session 5 Improving Realization: Non-use of Chemicals Chairman Yukihiko Hara Chapter 21 ECO-FRIENDLY MANAGEMENT OF TEA PLANTATONS TOWARDS SUSTAINABLITY Nalini C. Gnanapragasam* and P. Sivepalan Dr. Nalini Gnanapragasam has more than 33 years of research experience in tea agriculture. She was the Deputy Director In-charge of Research at the Tea Research Institute of Sri Lanka during the period 1990-1995 and also the Head of Nematology Division from 1980-1995. She holds a Master of Philosophy and a Ph.D. degree in the field of Insect Physiology She had been pioneer in directing the environmentally friendly IPM strategies to manage plant parasitic nematode pests of tea and was also involved in management strategies to control selected insect pests using metabolic disrupters. In addition to her research activities she had followed an advanced training program in Agricultural Research Management conducted by USDA in Washington, U.S.A in 1992. At present she is working as a Tea Consultant to some of the plantation companies in Sri Lanka and is the Director of the tea consultancy firm, Crop Optima Limited, INTRODUCTION arrest this dangerous trend could lead the planet Environmental conservation and sustainable into "ecological bankruptcy". agriculture have become trendy subjects discussed at various forums by an increasing number of We who are associated with the plantation industry individuals, ranging from policy makers and have an obligation to conserve the sensitive lands professionals, to average laymen. we have exploited to our advantage, by halting the on-going degenerative processes and maintain The consumption of forests, energy and land by these in a sustainable manner for the continued humans is far outstripping the rate at which the sustenance of generations to come.
    [Show full text]
  • Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections
    Ubr.C-ff. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 143, NO. 3 SUPPLEMENT TO THE ANNOTATED, SUBJECT-HEADING BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1955 TO I960 By THOMAS E. SNYDER Honorary Research Associate Smithsonian Institution (Publication 4463) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DECEMBER 29, 1961 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 143, NO. 3 SUPPLEMENT TO THE ANNOTATED, SUBJECT-HEADING BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1955 TO 1960 By THOMAS E. SNYDER Honorary Research Associate Smithsonian Institution ><%<* Q (Publication 4463) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DECEMBER 29, 1961 PORT CITY PRESS, INC. BALTIMORE, NID., U. S. A. CONTENTS Pagre Introduction i Acknowledgments i List of subject headings 2 Subject headings 3 List of authors and titles 72 Index 115 m SUPPLEMENT TO THE ANNOTATED, SUBJECT-HEADING BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1955 TO 1960 By THOMAS E. SNYDER Honorary Research Associate Smithsonian Institution INTRODUCTION On September 25, 1956, an "Annotated, Subject-Heading Bibliography of Ter- mites 1350 B.C. to A.D. 1954," by Thomas E. Snyder, was published as volume 130 of the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. A few 1955 papers were included. The present supplement covers publications from 1955 through i960; some 1961, as well as some earlier, overlooked papers, are included. A total of 1,150 references are listed under authors and tides, and 2,597 references are listed under subject headings, the greater number being due to cross references to publications covering more than one subject. New subject headings are Radiation and Toxicology. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The publication of this bibliography was made possible by a grant from the National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume of Abstracts
    International Postgraduate Research Conference 2015 University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka Conference Programme 10th – 11th December Faculty of Graduate Studies University of Kelaniya Sri Lanka www.kln.ac.lk/fgs 1 IPRC – 2015 Conference Organizing Committee Convener: Senior Professor Sunanda Maddumabandara Vice Chancellor University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka Conference Chair: Senior Professor Kulasena Vidanagamage Overall Co-ordinator: Professor Chamindi Dilkushi Wettewe Faculty Co -ordinators: Faculty of Commerce & Management Studies: Dr. D.K.Y. Abeywardhana Faculty of Graduate Studies: Mr. Shakya Lakmal Wijerathne Faculty of Humanities: Ms.Prabha Manuratne Faculty of Medicine: Dr.C.W. Subasinghe Faculty of Science: Dr.V.P.A. Weerasinghe Faculty of Social Sciences: Dr.M.G.Kularatne Co-ordinator International participants: MrThilina Wickramarachchi Conference Secretary: Mr.Ishara Thilakarathne Assistant Secretary: Mr. Dimuth Sahajeewa Contact Persons Professor Chamindi Dilkushi Wettewe +94 112903782 [email protected] Mr.Ishara Thilakarathne +94 715873619 [email protected] / [email protected] Mr. Dimuth Sahajeewa +94 715982668 [email protected] 2 Ta Table of Content Table of Content ........................................................................................................................ 3 A Review of Capital Structure Theories .................................................................................. 17 A Study on Brand Equity Antecedents on Purchasing Intention for Application Based Cement (ABC) Brands in Sri
    [Show full text]
  • Kalotermitidae, Isoptera, Insecta) from the Indian Region
    Ret. zool. Surv. India, 68: 109-159, 1975 REVISION OF THE GENUS GLYPTOTERMES FROGGATT (KALOTERMITIDAE, ISOPTERA, INSECTA) FROM THE INDIAN REGION By o. B. CHHOTANI Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta-12 (With 14 Text-figures and 7 Tables) CONTENTS PAGE I -INTRODUCTION 110 (a) General 110 (b) Acknowledgements 110 (c) Abbreviations used 110 II-INDIAN Glyptotermes: SYSTEMATIC REVISION, ZOOGEOGRAPHY AND PHYLOGENY : 111 1. General Remarks, Zoogeography, etc. 111 (a) General remarks III (b) Zoogeography and distribution 111 (c) Phylogenetic po~ition 113 (d) Taxonomic work on Indian Glyptotermes 113 (e) Distribution of Glyptotermes species in the Indian Region 113 (f) Note on Lobitermes nigrifrons Tsai & Chen 115 2. Systematic Account of Glyptotermes 115 (a) Characters of genus Glyptotermes Froggatt 116 (b) Keys for identification of Indian species of genus Glyptotermes 117 (i) Key to imagos 117 (ii) Key to soldiers 117 3. Descriptions of species of G~yptotermes 118 I. Glyptotermes almorensis Gardner 118 2. Glyptotermes ceylonicus Holmgren 128 3. Glyptotermes coorgensis Holmgren & Holmgren 134 4. Glyptotermes dilatatus (Bugnion and Popoff) 142 5. Glyptotermes minutus Kemner 150 6. Glyptotermes nigrifrons Mathur and Sen-Sarma ISS III-SUMMARY 157 lV-REFERENOES 157 110 Records of the Zoological Survey of India I-INTRODUCTION (a) General Species of the genus Glyptotermes are wood termites- and some of them are serious pests of rubber and tea plantations. Thus, they are of considerable economic importance. A taxonomic revision of the oriental species of the genera Kalotermes and Neotermes has been done by RoonwaI and Sen-Sarma (1960) and of that of the genus Cryptotermes by Chhotani (1970).
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Agricultural Pest Status and Available Control Methods in the Guinea Natural Resources Management Project
    ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL PEST STATUS AND AVAILABLE CONTROL METHODS IN THE GUINEA NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROJECT APPROACHES TO INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT Contract No. 624-0219-C-O0-2094-0 Guinea Natural Resources 'ragement Project Submitted to: United States Agency for International Development/Guinea ENC Conakry, Guinea Submitted by: CHEMONICS INTERNATIONAL July 20, 1994 ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL PEST STATUS AND AVAILABLE CONTROL METHODS IN THE GUINEA NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROJECT APPROACHES TO INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT Contract No. 624-0219-C-00-2094-00 Guinea Natural Resources Management Project Submitted to: United States Agency for International Development/Guinea Conakry, Guinea Submitted by: CHEMONICS INTERNATIONAL Authors: Doudou D. Faye, Ph.D. Senior Entomologist/ITMR&D/NRM Sphere Corporation, Georgetown, Texas Walter Knausenberger, Ph.D. USAID Africa Bureau Washington, D.C. July 20, 1994 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors wish to thank Cheironics Interrational for giving us the opportunity to meet and work with the Guinea Natural Resources Management (NRM) project, especially Dr. Bob Chase, who, in addition to his availability and encouragement, reviewed Dr. Faye's first draft; Dr. K.B. Paul for his suggestions and guidance; Saidou Bald6, Lab6 plant protection station chief; the project staff in Labd, and the three watershed teams. Their support was appreciated. Dr. Faye expresses his appreciation for Mrs. Ann Chase's hospitality and welcome. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY iii SECTION I TRIP PURPOSE AND ORGANIZATION 1 A. Purpose of Trip 1 B. Persons Contacted 2 C. Trip Schedule 3 SECTION II COUNTRY SITUATION AND AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT 5 A. General Agroecology of the Project Area 5 B.
    [Show full text]
  • Insect Pests of Tea and Their Management
    ANRV363-EN54-14 ARI 23 October 2008 12:19 Insect Pests of Tea and Their Management Lakshmi K. Hazarika,1 Mantu Bhuyan,2 and Budhindra N. Hazarika3 1Department of Entomology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat 785013, Assam, India; email: [email protected] 2Entomology Laboratory, Medicinal, Aromatic and Economic Plant Division, North-East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR), Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; email: [email protected] 3College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat-791102, Arunachal Pradesh, India; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2009. 54:267–84 Key Words First published online as a Review in Advance on tea ecosystem, integrated pest management, biological control September 11, 2008 The Annual Review of Entomology is online at Abstract ento.annualreviews.org Globally, 1031 species of arthropods are associated with the intensively This article’s doi: managed tea Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze monoculture. All parts of 10.1146/annurev.ento.53.103106.093359 the plant, leaf, stem, root, flower, and seed, are fed upon by at least one Copyright c 2009 by Annual Reviews. pest species, resulting in an 11%–55% loss in yield if left unchecked. All rights reserved There has been heavy use of organosynthetic pesticides since the 1950s 0066-4170/09/0107-0267$20.00 to defend the plant against these pests, leading to rapid conversion of innocuous species into pests, development of resistance, and undesirable pesticide residues in made tea. As a result of importer and consumer concerns, pesticide residues have become a major problem for the tea industry. Integrated pest management (IPM) may help to overcome the overuse of pesticides and subsequent residues.
    [Show full text]
  • A Selected Bibliography of Insect-Vascular Plant Associational Studies
    Historic, Archive Document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. Inited States •epartment of A Sel^fed igricultuire agricultural of Research Bibliography Service Insect-Vascular Plant Bibliographies and Literature of Agriculture Associational Studies Number 27 Abstract i Kingsolver, John M. , Suzanne W, T. Batra, arid Joyce A. Utmar. 1984. A selected bibliography of insect- vascular plant associational studies. U.S. Depart- ment of Agriculture, Bibliographies and Literature of Agriculture No. 27, 229 pp. This compilation is intended as a basic source of literature references for workers in the scien- tific and practical disciplines concerned with plant- feeding insects. It consists of five sections: (1) Nearly 1,500 titles of fundamental papers on insect-plant studies arranged alphabetically by plant family; (2) a list of principal works by a pioneer in the field, Charles Robertson; (3) a basic bibliography of general works on phytophagous insects; (4) a list of references to food habits of the phytophagous insect orders; and (5) a selected list of about 150 papers on physiological aspects of insect-plant associa- tions. An index to scientific and common names of plants is provided. KEYWORDS: Biochemistry, crops, ferns, flowers, physiology, phytophagy, pollination, trees. UniM states A O^l^^^^^ Agrlculturt Agricultural Research Bibliography of Service Insect-Vascular Plant Bibliographies and Literature of Agriculture Associational Studies Number 27 Compiled by John M. Kingsolver Suzanne W. T. Batra Joyce A. Utmar Contents Page Introduction 1 Bibliography 7 Section I — Insect assemblages on plants 7 Section II —Principal works of Charles Robertson 127 Section III—General references to phyto- phagous insects 128 Section IV—Phytophagous food habits of insect orders 160 Section V—Physiological ecology of insect- plant relationships 199 Index to plant genera and common names 211 Copies of this publication can be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.
    [Show full text]
  • 6 Research Symposium, Organized by Uva for the 6Th Research Symposium
    6th Research Symposium “Towards Emerging Trends in Value Addition” January 28 & 29, 2016 Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka # i Copyright © 2016 by Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanaka Chancellor's Message It is with great pleasure that I send this message and good wishes to the 6th Research Symposium organized by Uva Wellassa University. All copy rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a As the Chancellor of the university I'm privileged and glad to retrieval system, or transmitted in any from or by any means, electronic, participate in this conference being its chief guest and I extend my mechanical, photocopying or otherwise without the prior permission of the copy profound gratitude to the Vice Chancellor and his staff for inviting rights owner, the Vice Chancellor Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka. me to join this academic forum. Uva Wellassa University which is focused to add value to the local resources is an exemplary academic milieu in the Sri Lankan higher education system as it emphasizes knowledge, skills, attitudes as well as the values, discipline and ethics of tomorrow's graduates who are responsible for country's future. Further, it is true ISBN 978-955-0481-09-5 that UWU undergraduates are guided to be entrepreneurial experts by cultivating innovative ideas in them from the inception. Therefore, this 6th Research Symposium has provided them an ideal platform to exhibit their new innovative knowledge in research activities by selecting the apt theme “Towards Emerging Trends in Value Addition.” Price: Rs. 2000.00 US$ 100.00 I trust that this research symposium will give an immense opportunity to researchers of all the fields to discuss, debate and exchange interactive views on their novel research findings.
    [Show full text]
  • DR. L. MANGALI HR ALWIS Senior Lecturer
    DR. L. MANGALI H. R. ALWIS Senior Lecturer Department of Export Agriculture Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture Uva Wellassa University Passara Road, 90000 Badulla, Sri Lanka E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +94 55 3566522, +94 71 4254057 Fax: +94 55 2226472 ▪ PROFILE An Agricultural Scientist doctored in the field of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology having graduated in Agricultural Sciences and mastered in Biotechnology and doctoral studies in conventional and molecular approach in plant breeding with research interests on molecular characterization of crops, application of advanced breeding methods in crop plants and DNA Barcoding in medicinal plants. The objective is to serve the Uva Wellassa University by the level best being hardworking, enthusiastic, and self-motivated. ▪ EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS University / Degree Year Major Field of Study Institution Postgraduate Institute of Agriculture, PhD 2013 Genetics and Plant Breeding University of Peradeniya Postgraduate Institute of Agriculture, MSc 2004 Biotechnology University of Peradeniya BSc Honours Faculty of Agriculture, (2nd Class 1996 Agriculture University of Upper) Peradeniya ▪ ACADEMIC HONOURS (AWARDS, RECOGNITIONS AND SCHOLARSHIPS) ▪ The Best Research Paper at the 14th Australian Plant Breeding Conference & 11th Society for the Advancement of Breeding and Oceania Congress 2009, Cairns, Queensland, Australia ▪ PUBLICATIONS 4.1 Peer Reviewed Journal Articles ▪ H.K. Kadupitiya, A.M.N.S.K. Abeysinghe, L.M.H.R. Alwis and R.M.C.W.M. Rathnayake. (2018). Evaluating the impact of land use / land cover changes on agro-biodiversity in Kandyan homegardens. Tropical Agriculturist. Vol. 166(2): 103-124 ▪ G.G.S.U. Gamage, A.C. Udage, L.M.H.R.
    [Show full text]
  • Biology and Control of the Live-Wood Termites of Tea W
    BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF THE LIVE-WOOD TERMITES OF TEA W. Danthanarayana.& S.N. Fernando A fumigation technique using aluminium phosphide (Phostoxin) was developed for controlling the live-wood inhabiting termites of tea. This method is likely to have wide applicability in controlling termites infesting other perennial crops, timber and forest trees. Good results were also obtained with ethylene dibromide, trichloro- benzene and paradichlorobenzene. Ethylene dibromide and trichlorobenzene were found to be phytotoxic and are not suitable for use. Para-dichlorobenzene needs further investigation in this respect as well as for termite control. Phostoxin gave consistently good results and in almost all instances absolute control of each colony was obtained with low dosage rates. Since applications of both persistent non- systemics and systemic insecticides were of no value in controlling the live-wood termites, the fumigation technique using Phostoxin is recommended. Observations made on the biology of the three species of termites during these studies are also recorded and discussed. The low-country species Glyptotermes dilatatus which has spread to new VP tea fields in some areas is a potential danger to young plantations; the ways and means of avoiding its further spread are discussed in the light of the recent findings. Three species of termites of the family Kalotermitidae attack the live-wood of the tea plant in Ceylon. These are Postelectrotermes militaris (Desneux) (=Neotermes m/ft'tam Desneux), Neotermesgreeni(Desneux) and Glyptotermes dilatatus (Bugnion). Postelectrotermes has been a serious, but localized pest since the early 1920s. It is commonly called the 'Up-Country Live-Wood Termite* and occurs mostly at elevations between 3500 and 4500 ft, particularly in the Maskeliya district, and to a lesser extent in the Dimbula district.
    [Show full text]
  • The Strategy of My Ph D Thesis Will Take the Following Components
    i THE DISTRIBUTION OF CURCULIONID WEEVILS, BIOCONTROL MEASURES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON TEA YIELDS IN EASTERN REGIONS OF KENYA BY EVELYN CHEPKIRUI CHERAMGOI RUGUTT A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ZOOLOGY (ENTOMOLOGY), DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, SCHOOL OF SCIENCE, UNIVERSITY OF ELDORET, KENYA. 2015 ii DECLARATION This thesis is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other University. No part of this thesis may be reproduced without the prior written permission of the author and/or Moi University. Evelyn Chepkirui Cheramgoi. Rugutt …………………… Date ………………. SC/D.Phil/035/09 Supervisors This thesis has been submitted for examination with our approval as University Supervisors. 1. Prof. Wanjala F. M. E ……………………..……. Date…………………… University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya 2. Prof. Vincent Sudoi ……………………….. Date.......................................... University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya iii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to Kwandap Cheptoo, Cheptoo, Kipng’etich and Cheruiyot iv ABSTRACT Two curculionid weevils namely: Entypotrachelus meyeri [Micans/Kolbe] (Kangaita weevil) and Sphrigodes mixtus [Hustache] (Nyambene weevil) defoliate tea bushes and affect tea production. Studies were conducted to determine the pests on prevalence, distribution and relation to cultural practices, yield loss, action threshold i.e the number of weevils per bush before any action is done and two control strategies. In this regard, a modeling exercise was undertaken to determine weevil distribution and determine potentially risky areas using Geographical Information System (GIS) with reference to rainfall, temperature and agro-ecological zones (AEZ) as parameters which influence weevil incidence. In addition, interrelations of weevil distribution to agricultural practices were gathered through a questionnaire.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Book (PDF)
    TECH.N.ICAL MONOGRAPH N o. 4 Termite Pests Of ,Agriculture 10 The lad-an Region And Their Control '1 O. B. CHHO ANI lOOLOGICAL. SURVEY OF INOlA 19'6 ZOOLOGICA SU 'VE O,F IND,IA ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA TECHNICAL MONOGRAPH No. 4 TERMITE PESTS OF AGRICULTURE IN THE INDIAN REGION AND THEIR CONTROL BY O. B. CHHOTANI Zoological Survey of India, Oalcutta ~~ Edited by the Director, Zoological Survey Of lndiq 1980 @ Copyright 1980, Government of India Published: February, 1980 I PRICE : Inland : Rs_ 26-00 Foreign: ;£ 2'00 ; $ 3-75 PRINTED IN INDIA AT SRI AUROBINDO PRESS, 16, HEMENDRA SEN STREET, CALCUTTA-700 006 AND PUBLISHED BY THE CONTROLLER OF PUBLICATIONS~ ~~VIL LINES, PE~HI-110 00($, PREFACE Termites are one of the foremost of social insects, showing an excellent example of disciplined living in a highly organised society. They have three major castes, each with duties assigned to them-the reproductive adults who are the founders of the colony to come, the ~teri1e soldiers who defend the colony from marauders and the equally sterile workers who ungrudgingly work for the maintenance of the colony and its inmates. Their's is again a system par excellence of coordination in social behaviour and communication which are regulated by the pheromones. These small insects play a very important role in the economy of a tropical country due to their habit of eating through and doing extensive damage to agricultural and plantation crops, forest nurseries, trees, buildings and the wood-works, furniture, books and other cellulose goods. Several hundred crores of rupees worth of agricultural products are lost every year due to these pests and there are reports of such severe infestation in the houses, so nluch so that the residents had to virtually abandon their houses or reconstruct them.
    [Show full text]