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The Striped Mullet Fishery of the Gulf of Mexico, United States

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The Striped Mullet Fishery of the Gulf of Mexico, United States The Striped Mullet Fishery of the Gulf of Mexico, United States: A Regional Management Plan Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission December 1995 No. 33 GULF STATES MARINE FISHERIES COMMISSION Commissioners Alabama Representative Frank Patti James Martin P.O. Box 53 Alabama Department of Conservation and Belle Chasse, Louisiana 70037 Natural Resources 64 North Union Street Mississippi Montgomery, Alabama 36130-1901 E. Glade Woods Mississippi Department of l\tlarine Resources Representative Walter Penry 152 Gateway Drive 12040 Collllty Road 54 Biloxi, Mississippi 36531 Daphne, Alabama 36526 Senator Tommy Gollott Chris Nelson 235 Bayview Avenue Bon Secour Fisheries, Inc. Biloxi, Mississippi 39530 P.O. Box60 Bon Secour, Alabama 36511 George Sekul Gulf Central Seafoods, Inc. Florida 155 5th Street Virginia Wetherell Biloxi, Mississippi 39530 Florida Department of Environmental Protection 3900 Commonwealth Boulevard Texas Tallahassee, Florida 32399 Andrew Sansom Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Representative Allen Boyd 4200 Smith School Road P.O. Box 551 Austin, Texas 78744 Monticello, Florida 32345 Representative Robert Saunders Louisiana P.O. Box 2910 William S. "Corky" Perret Austin, Texas 78768-2910 Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries P.O. Box 98000 Jan J. Harper Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70898-9000 950 Bayou Road Lake Jackson, Texas 77566 Leroy Kiffe 1106 Highway 1 Lockport, Louisiana 70374 Staff Larry B. Simpson Executive Director Ronald R Lukens Nancy K. Marcellus Richard L. Leard Cynthia B. Yocom David M Donaldson Cheryl R Noble V.K. "Ginny" Herring Madeleine A Travis 1HE SlRIPED MUI.LET FrsHERY OF 'IlIE GUI.F OF MExiro, UNTIED STATF.S: A REGIONAL MANAGEMENT PLAN by Richard Leard Behzad Mahmoudi Harry Blanchet Henry Laz.auski Kyle Spiller Mike Buchanan Christopher Dyer Walter Keithly published by GULF STATES MARINE FISHERIES COMMISSION P.O. Box 726 Ocean Springs, Mississippi 39566-0726 December 1995 Number 33 A publication of the Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award Numbers NA16FI0034-0l, NA26FI0026-0l, NA26Fl0026-02, NA26Fl0026-03, and NA56FI0085. This paper is funded by a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views ofNOAA or any of its sub-agencies. GULF STATES MARINE FISHERIES COMMISSION Interjurisdictional Fisheries Management Program Striped Mullet Technical Task Force Mr. Terry Bakker Mr. Ray Lenaz Mississippi Department of Wildlife, 238 Perdido Cove Fisheries and Parks Biloxi, Mississippi 39531 398 East Bayview Avenue Biloxi, Mississippi 39530 Dr. Henry G. Lazauski Alabama Department of Conservation Mr. Harry Blanchet and Natural Resources Louisiana Department of Wildlife Division of Marine Resources and Fisheries P.O. Drawer 458 P.O. Box 98000 Gulf Shores, Alabama 36547 Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70898-9000 Dr. Behzad Mahmoudi Mr. Mike Buchanan Florida Marine Research Institute Mississippi Department of Marine Resources 100 Eighth Avenue, SE 152 Gateway Drive St. Petersburg, Florida 33701 Biloxi, Mississippi 39531 Mr. Gene Raffield Dr. Christopher Dyer Raffield Fisheries, Inc. Aguirre International P.O. Box 309 1735 North Lynn Street Port St. Joe, Florida 32456 Suite 1000 Rosslyn, Virginia 22209-2019 Mr. Kyle Spiller Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Dr. Walter R Keithly Coastal Fisheries Division Coastal Fisheries Institute Corpus Christi Station Louisiana State University 1231 Agnes Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 Corpus Christi, Texas 78401 Staff Mr. Larry B. Simpson Executive Director Dr. Richard L. Leard Mrs. Cynthia B. Yocom IJF Program Coordinator IJF Staff Assistant 11 Acknowledgements The Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission (GSMFC) would like to thank the Striped Mullet Technical Task Force (TTF) for their many hours of work and dedication in developing this striped mullet fishery management plan (FMP). The Commission would also like to extend special thanks to former members of the TTF who took up other pursuits prior to the completion of the FMP including Mr. Patrick Anglada (enforcement), Mr. Jim Lane (recreational advisory), and Mr. Brandt Savoie (Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries). The GSMFC also thanks the Stock Assessment Team (SAT) for their review, critique, and guidance in the development of the stock assessment, a critical component of this FMP. The Striped Mullet TTF would like to express its appreciation for the use of the FMP previously developed for state waters in Louisiana and to its authors (Mr. Brandt Savoie, Mr. Richard Bejarano, Mr. John Burdon, Mr. Karl Mapes, Mr. Joe Shepard, Mr. Harry Blanchet, and Mr. Dave Johns), and the FMP previously developed for Alabama's state waters and its authors (Mr. Walter Tatum, Mr. Stevens Heath, Dr. Henry G. Lazauski, and Mr. Mark S. Van Hoose). The TTF also gratefully acknowledges present and former members of the National Marine Fisheries Service for their timely and courteous development and distribution of both commercial and recreational data used in this plan including: Mr. Josh Bennett, Dr. Al Jones, Mr. Steve Koplin, Mr. Lee Usie, Dr. Dave Van Voorhees, Dr. Gerry Gray, and others. Finally, the Striped Mullet TTF and the GSMFC extend their most heartfelt thanks to Mrs. Cynthia B. Yocom for her special talents, effort, and dedication to ensure the quality of this document. 111 Preface The Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission (GSMFC) was established by the Gulf States Marine Fisheries Compact under Public Law 81-66 approved May 19, 1949. Its charge was to promote better management and utilization of marine resources in the Gulf of Mexico. The Commission is composed of three members from each of the five Gulf States. The head of the marine resource agency of each state is an ex officio member. The second is a member of the legislature. The third is a governor-appointed citizen with knowledge of or interest in marine fisheries. The offices of the chairman and vice chairmen are rotated annually from state to state. The Commission is empowered to recommend to the governor and legislature of the respective states action on programs helpful to the management of marine fisheries. The states, however, do not relinquish any of their rights or responsibilities to regulate their own fisheries as a result of being members of the Commission. One of the most important functions of the GSMFC is to serve as a forum for the discussion of various problems and needs of marine management authorities, the commercial and recreational industries, researchers, and others. The GSMFC also plays a key role in the implementation of the Interjurisdictional Fisheries (IJF) Act. Paramount to this role are the Commission's activities to develop and maintain regional fishery management plans for important Gulf species. The striped mullet fishery management plan is a cooperative planning effort of the five Gulf States under the IJF Act. Members of the task force contributed by drafting individually-assigned sections. In addition, each member contributed their expertise to discussions that resulted in revisions and led to the final draft of the plan. The GSMFC made all necessary arrangements for task force workshops. Under contract with NMFS, the GSMFC funded travel for state agency representatives and consultants other than federal employees. lV Table of Contents Page Title Page . i Mullet Technical Task Force . ii Acknowledgements . iii Preface ........................................................................ iv Table of Contents . v List of Tables . xi List of Figures . xii 1. o SUlllll1aJ'.Y . 1-1 2.0 Introduction ............................................................... 2-1 2.1 IJF Program and Management Process . 2-1 2.2 Striped Mullet Technical Task Force Members ........................................ 2-2 2.3 GSMFC Interjurisdictional Fisheries Program Staff ..................................... 2-2 2.4 Authorship and Support for Plan Development ........................................ 2-3 2.5 FMP Management Objectives .................................................... 2-3 3.0 Description of Stock Comprising the Management Unit and Their Habitat ............... 3-1 3 .1 Biological Description and Geographic Distribution . 3-1 3 .1.1 Classification and Morphology . 3-1 3 .1.1.1 Classification . 3-1 3.1.1.2 Morphology .............................................................. 3-2 3 .1.2 Biological Description . 3-7 3.1.2.1 Age, Growth,and Maturation .................................................. 3-7 3.1.2.2 Reproduction . 3-10 3 .1.2.2.1 Gonadal Development . 3-10 3.1.2.2.2 Spawning ............................................................. 3-10 3.1.2.2.2.1 Season .............................................................. 3-10 3 .1.2.2.2.2 Courtship and Spawning Behavior . 3-11 3 .1.2.2.2.3 Duration . 3-11 3.1.2.2.2.4 Location and Effects of Temperature, Salinity, and Photoperiod ...................... 3-11 3 .1.2.2.3 Fecundity . 3-12 3 .1.2.2.4 Incubation . 3-13 3.1.2.3 Parasites and Disease ...................................................... 3-13 3.1.2.4 Feeding, Prey, and Predators ................................................. 3-15 3.1.3 Behavior ................................................................ 3-17 3.1.4 Geographic Distribution and Migration ........................................... 3-18 3.2 Description of the Habitat of the Stock Comprising the Management Unit .................... 3-18 3 .2.1 General
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