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Current Knowledge of the Cichlid Fishes of the Amacuzac River, Mexico

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Current Knowledge of the Cichlid Fishes of the Amacuzac River, Mexico Avances en Investigación Agropecuaria ISSN: 0188-7890 [email protected] Universidad de Colima México Current knowledge of the cichlid fishes of the Amacuzac River, Mexico Franco Archundia, Marco Polo; Arce Uribe, Elsah; Luna-Figueroa, Jorge Current knowledge of the cichlid fishes of the Amacuzac River, Mexico Avances en Investigación Agropecuaria, vol. 22, no. 2, 2018 Universidad de Colima, México Available in: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=83757609006 AVANCES EN INVESTIGACIÓN AGROPECUARIA, volumen 22, suplemento 1, octubre 2018 es una Publicación cuatrimestral editada por la Universidad de Colima, Av. Universidad # 333, Col. Las Víboras, Colima, Colima, México. CP 28045. Teléfono: (312) 3161000. Ext. 40011, www.ucol.mx/revaia, [email protected], [email protected]. Director responsable José Manuel Palma García. Reserva de Derechos al Uso Exclusivo No. 04-2016-112411015200-203, ISSN digital "en trámite", ambos otorgados por el Instituto Nacional del Derecho de Autor. Responsable de la última actualización, MC. Rosa Alejandra del Viento Camacho e Ing. Manuel Gutiérrez Gómez, Av. Universidad # 333, Col. Las Víboras, Colima, Colima, México. CP 28045, fecha de última modificación 10 de octubre de 2018. This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International. PDF generated from XML JATS4R by Redalyc Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative Marco Polo Franco Archundia, et al. Current knowledge of the cichlid fishes of the Amacuzac River,... Artículo de revisión Current knowledge of the cichlid fishes of the Amacuzac River, Mexico Conocimiento actual de los peces cíclidos del río Amacuzac, México Marco Polo Franco Archundia Redalyc: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa? Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad id=83757609006 Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, México Elsah Arce Uribe Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, México [email protected] Jorge Luna-Figueroa Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, México Received: 22 June 2018 Accepted: 07 November 2018 Resumen: La introducción de especies ajenas a un ambiente puede generar cambios en el ecosistema y en la dinámica de los organismos que lo habitan. En el río Amacuzac, México, actualmente se encuentran establecidas cinco especies de cíclidos, de las cuales, cuatro son no nativas: la tilapia de Mozambique (Oreochromis mossambicus), el pez convicto (Amatitlania nigrofasciata), el pez falso boca de fuego (orichthys maculipinnis) y el terror verde (Andinoacara rivulatus). La mojarra criolla (Cichlasoma istlanum) es un cíclido nativo de la cuenca del Balsas a la cual pertenece la subcuenca del río Amacuzac y es utilizada como un recurso pesquero. En este trabajo se realizó una revisión sobre el estado de conocimiento de estas cinco especies de cíclidos habitantes del río Amacuzac. Las especies no nativas son los peces más estudiados mientras que la especie nativa ocupa el penúltimo lugar en el número de investigaciones realizadas. El mayor número de estudios de especies no nativas exige una mayor investigación de la especie nativa que permita la conservación y el manejo de este recurso. Palabras clave: Cíclidos, revisión, peces exóticos, peces nativos, cuenca del Balsas. Abstract: Introduction of non-native species into an environment can produce changes in the ecosystem and in the dynamic of the organisms that inhabit it. In the Amacuzac River, Mexico, there are currently established, five cichlids species, four of them are non- native: Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), convict fish (Amatitlania nigrofasciata), spotcheek cichlid (orichthys maculipinnis), and the green terror (Andinoacara rivulatus). e Mexican mojarra (Cichlasoma istlanum) is a native cichlid from the Balsas River basin that belongs to the subbasin of the Amacuzac River, and is used as a fishing resource. In this work, a review of the knowledge about this five cichlid species of the Amacuzac River was done. e non-native species are the most studied fish and the native species has the penultimate place in the number of research. e biggest number of studies about non-native species demands a bigger research about the native species that allows the conservation and management of this resource. Keywords: Cichlids, review, non-native fish, native fish, Balsas’s basin. Introduction Introducing new species into the environment brings changes to the ecosystem and to the dynamic of the organisms that live there (Villanueva and Roig, 1995; Traveset and Santamaria, 2004; Leprieur et al., 2006). Survival, behavior, physiology and morphology of native species can be modified if a non-native species is introduced (Lassuy, 1995; Simon and Townsed, 2003; Raymond et al., 2015). Some research have even point out the reduction of the population or even the extinction of native species when non-native species arrive PDF generated from XML JATS4R by Redalyc Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative 55 Avances en Investigación Agropecuaria, 2018, vol. 22, no. 2, May-August, ISSN: 0188-7890 (Mooney and Cleland, 2001; Mendoza-Alfaro et al., 2011). For example, in fish, tilapias have been reported as invaders in places where they have been introduced (Canonico et al., 2005). Nilotic tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758), displaced the red moon fish, Lepomis miniatus (Jordan, 1877), from the Mexican Gulf estuaries, which was their original habitat (Martin et al., 2010). In the same way, the Mozambique tilapia, Oreochroms mossambicus (Peters, 1852), has been reported asan invader in freshwater, marine and estuarine water (Canonico et al., 2005). Mozambique tilapia was introduced in to the Amacuzac River in Morelos, Mexico. is river is one of the 12 sub-basins that include the hydrological region of the Balsas basin in central Mexico (Toledo and Bozada, 2002). Amacuzac River’s path is 240 km long, and until 2016 there were seven native species of fish and 12 non-native ones (Rosales, 2016). e presence of non-native fish demands a larger research in the na-tive species populations and communities that can help the conservation of native resources from the basin (Schofield and Lous, 2015). In the Cichlid family, Mexican mojarra, Cichlasoma istlanum (Jordan and Snyder, 1899) is the only native cichlid in the Amacuzac River (Danko, 1991) and nowadays coexists with four non-native members from the same family (Mejía-Mojica et al., 2012). In many communities, artisanal fishery of this cichlid has decreased drastically, finding increasingly smaller catches and with smaller organisms (Luna-Figueroa, 2007). Mexican mojarra is part of the daily diet of the communities near this river and they depend on capturing them from their natural environment. Despite several attempts for reintroducing this fish into their natural environment, there is no management and/or reintroduction strategy to the natural environment for this native resource. e most abundant non-native cichlid in the Amacuzac River is the convict fish, Amatitlania nigrofasciata (Günther, 1867), with an abundance of 52.42 % followed by the Mozambique tilapia with 16.25 %, spotcheek cichlid, orichthys maculipinnis (Meek, 1904) with 12.45 % and the green terror, Andinoacara rivulatus (Günther, 1860) with 9.90 %, meanwhile the Mexican mojarra represents just 8.9 7 % of the cichlids (Rosales, 2016). In Mexico the convict fish, the spotcheek cichlid, and the green terror are used as ornamental fish, and the Mozambique tilapia is used for meat production (Mejía-Mojica et al., 2012). Mexican mojarra is used as food resource and its maintenance and reproduction in captivity has been investigated (Luna- Figueroa and Figueroa, 2000). In this paper we revised the knowledge that exists about cichlids from the Amacuzac River. e bibliographic search was done in Google Scholar, using the species key words and their common name. Researches were classified in categories depending on their topic, but almost all the research is focused on the way the tilapia is managed, and the convict fish behaviour (table 1). TABLE 1 Researches conducted in the cichlids of the Amacuzac River (1954-2017). A) Total researches, B) water quality, C) behavior and chemical signs, D) feeding and growth, E) genetic and reproduction, F) descriptive and population, G) health. PDF generated from XML JATS4R by Redalyc Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative 56 Marco Polo Franco Archundia, et al. Current knowledge of the cichlid fishes of the Amacuzac River,... Anthropogenic importance e most studied cichlid is the Mozambique tilapia with 1,018 researches because of the importance this fish has as an organism for human consumption. e category with more studies of this fish was health, with 35.85% due to the relevance of their potential zoonosis (Barson et al., 2008), parasites (Madanire-Moyo et al., 2011), and the possible presence of heavy metals in their meat (Liao et al., 2003). Categories such as management and water quality (17.58 %), feeding and growth (17.39 %) were also a high percentage of the researches of this organism with commercial importance (table 1). e convict fish was the second cichlid with more studies, with more than 90 researches (table 1). e use of this fish as an ornamental animal has taken it to be introduce in several countries (Piazzini et al., 2010) and it’s a potential invader organism (Ishikawa and Tachihara, 2010) that has been used to explain the possible processes of non-native fish invasion (Chapple et al., 2012). e fewest studied fish in the anthropogenic importance area is the green terror, with 19 researches and the spotcheek cichlid with one; both of them are used as ornamental species. e Mexican mojarra was the penultimate less studied cichlid, with eight re searches (table 1); this fish is used as a fishing resource for human consumption (Luna-Figueroa et al., 2003), and could be used for culture and reproduction, like the Mozambique tilapia. e management of the Mexican mojarra in captivity could be a mechanism that allows recovering the population on their natural environment and increases the researches of the commercial importance.
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