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Humanitarian Needs Overview Somalia HUMANITARIAN PROGRAMME CYCLE HUMANITARIAN 2021 NEEDS OVERVIEW ISSUED JANUARY 2021 SOMALIA 01 HUMANITARIAN NEEDS OVERVIEW 2021 About Get the latest updates This document is consolidated by OCHA on behalf of the Humanitarian Country Team and partners. It provides a shared OCHA coordinates humanitarian action understanding of the crisis, including the most pressing to ensure crisis-affected people receive humanitarian need and the estimated number of people who need the assistance and protection they need. It works to overcome obstacles assistance. It represents a consolidated evidence base and helps that impede humanitarian assistance inform joint strategic response planning. from reaching people affected by crises, and provides leadership in mobilizing The designations employed and the presentation of material in assistance and resources on behalf of the humanitarian system the report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever www.unocha.org/somalia on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the twitter.com/OCHA_SOM legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Humanitarian Response aims to be the PHOTO ON COVER Photo: UNICEF/2021/Naftalin central website for Information Management tools and services, enabling information exchange between clusters and IASC members operating within a protracted or sudden onset crisis. www.humanitarianresponse.info/Somalia Humanitarian InSight supports decision- makers by giving them access to key humanitarian data. It provides the latest verified information on needs and delivery of the humanitarian response as well as financial contributions. www.hum-insight.com The Financial Tracking Service (FTS) is the primary provider of continuously updated data on global humanitarian funding, and is a major contributor to strategic decision making by highlighting gaps and priorities, thus contributing to effective, efficient and principled humanitarian assistance. https://fts.unocha.org/appeals/831/ 02 Table of Contents 02 About 03 Table of Contents 04 Summary of Humanitarian Needs and Key Findings 12 Severity of needs and number of people in need 14 Part 1: Impact of the Crisis and Humanitarian Conditions 15 1.1 Context of the Crisis 20 1.2 Shocks and Impact of the Crisis 28 Impact on People: Internally Displaced People (IDPs), by District 29 1.3 Scope of Analysis 32 1.4 Humanitarian Conditions and Severity of Need 46 Acute food insecurity situation overview 47 1.5 Number of People in Need 52 Part 2 Risk Analysis and Monitoring of Situation and Needs 53 2.1 Risk Analysis 58 2.2 Monitoring of Situation and Needs 60 Part 3 Sectoral Analysis 65 3.1 Camp Coordination and Camp Management 68 3.2 Education 71 3.3 Food Security 74 3.4 Health 78 3.5 Logistics 80 3.6 Nutrition 82 3.2 Protection 92 3.2 Shelter 95 3.2 Water, Sanitation & Hygiene 98 Part 4 Annexes 99 4.1 Data Sources 100 4.2 Methodology 106 4.3 Information Gaps and Limitations 107 4.4 Acronyms 108 4.5 End Notes 03 HUMANITARIAN NEEDS OVERVIEW 2021 Summary of Humanitarian Needs and Key Findings People in Need (2020) PEOPLE IN NEED TREND (2015-2020) WOMEN CHILDREN WITH DISABILITY 5.2M 16% 63% 15% People in Need (2021) PEOPLE IN NEED TREND (2016-2021) WOMEN CHILDREN WITH DISABILITY 5.9M 15% 66% 15% BURAO, SOMALIA Photo: OCHA 04 Severity of needs (2020) MINIMAL STRESS SEVERE EXTREME CATASTROPHIC 8% 45% 33% 14% 0% Severity of needs (2021) MINIMAL STRESS SEVERE EXTREME CATASTROPHIC 0% 52% 46% 2% 0% By Sex By Age SEX PEOPLE IN NEED AGE FEMALE PIN FEMALE PIN 0-4 805,041 612,286 Men 0.9M 5-11 796,279 605,637 TIP Women 1.1M Use the group selection tool to 12-17 601,506select the different elements457,484 of the chart and make those you Boys 2M don’t need transparent (no fill, no 18-40 726,188stroke) 552,328 You can use the group selection tool move the bars up and down Girls 1.9M 41-59 302,269and adjust it to the table (if 229,895 needed) 60+ 138,498 105,336 By Population Groups With Disability POPULATION GROUP PEOPLE IN NEED AGE PEOPLE IN NEED % PIN Non Internally Displaced Persons with People 4.3M disabilities 0.9M 15% Internally displaced people 1.6M Refugees and Asylum seekers 28k Refugee Returnees 46k 05 HUMANITARIAN NEEDS OVERVIEW 2021 Context, Shocks, and Impact of the Crisis providers have faced increased burdens and costs, forced to alter the way care is provided. Restrictions Somalia’s prolonged humanitarian crisis is charac- also disrupted the face-to-face delivery of humanitarian terized by ongoing conflicts, climate-related shocks, assistance, impacting assessments, targeting and the communicable disease outbreaks and weak social quality of the response. However, partners successfully protection mechanisms. Since the beginning of 2020, scaled up mobile money transfers and transitioned to three additional shocks have contributed to a deteri- assessments via mobile phones. oration of humanitarian conditions: Extensive floods, Desert Locust infestations, and the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2021, the situation is not expected to improve. Based These compounding shocks have exacerbated human- on the risk analysis, it is highly likely that climate shocks itarian needs among a population already living under will continue to affect the most vulnerable people in the strain of widespread poverty and decades of armed Somalia in 2021. Drought conditions are expected in conflict and insecurity. early 2021 as La Niña led to decreased rainfall in the 2020 Deyr rainy season (October-December), affecting Climate change continues to be a major contributing crop production. Given the fragility of food security in factor to displacement and food insecurity in Somalia. the country, this will likely have a devastating impact Increasingly erratic weather patterns and climatic well beyond the beginning of the year. Further, despite shocks have led to prolonged and severe drought ongoing control measures, there is a high likelihood conditions and floods, with devastating humanitarian that conditions will remain favourable for locusts to consequences. Flooding displaced 919,000 people in continue breeding and developing, increasing food 2020 and destroyed essential infrastructure, property insecurity and the effects on livelihoods. Recent climate and 144,000 hectares of agricultural land. In tandem, events show that even during drought conditions, heavy Somalia also experienced the worst Desert Locust and localized rains are likely to cause damage and invasion in 25 years; tens of thousands of hectares of displacement. Despite a forecast of below-average cropland and pasture were damaged, with potentially rainfall1, flooding is expected to occur again during the severe consequences for agriculture and pastoral- 2021 Gu rainy season (April-June). However, it may not based livelihoods. be as severe as in 2020. Communities living in conflict areas were severely The COVID-19 pandemic, along with other communicable impacted by armed violence. The ongoing conflict diseases and an ongoing outbreak of cholera, will continues to reduce the resilience of communities, continue to affect the most vulnerable Somalis and trigger displacement and impede civilians’ access to strain the already weak health system. According to a basic services and humanitarians’ access to those World Health Organization (WHO) global estimate, 20 in need. Exclusion and discrimination of socially per cent of Somalia’s population will suffer from the marginalized groups are contributing to high levels direct and indirect impacts of the pandemic in 2021. of acute humanitarian need and lack of protection Finally, armed conflict and insecurity are expected among some of the most vulnerable. Civilians bore the to continue to drive needs and cause displacement brunt of the conflict through death and injury, property while simultaneously impeding effective humanitarian destruction, taxation of communities (including through operations and access to vulnerable or marginalized forced child recruitment), land grabbing, destruction of communities. livelihoods, limited freedom of movement, and limited access to services and humanitarian assistance. Scope of Analysis COVID-19 directly impacted the lives of Somalis, In 2021, Somalia is expected to continue facing worsening patterns of vulnerability. This came on top significant humanitarian challenges. An estimated 5.9 of ongoing disease outbreaks such as cholera, measles million people are expected to be in need of humanitarian and, recently, vaccine-derived poliovirus. Healthcare assistance. According to the Food Security and Nutrition 06 Analysis Unit (FSNAU), over 2.7 million people across integrated responses. Somalia are expected to face crisis or emergency levels of food insecurity by mid-20212. However, humanitarian Huge food and nutrition gaps remain, particularly partners estimate that this number will likely continue among poor agropastoral, marginalized and urban to grow in the latter half of the year. communities, where many vulnerable persons can be classified as, or are in danger of being pushed into, the The number of people in need has consistently increased most severe phases of food and nutrition insecurity. over the last three years, from 4.2 million in 2019 to 5.2 For HNO planning, the Food Security Cluster is using million in 2020 and 5.9 million in 2021. This is further an average projection of 3.5 million Somalis facing reflected in the number of displaced people in 2020; Crisis (IPC Phase 3) and Emergency (IPC Phase 4) food Somalia recorded the highest number over the past security conditions through 2021. It is of particular three years at 1.2 million displaced people, compared concern that children constitute over 60 per cent of to 884,000 in 2018 and 770,000 in 2019. In total, more those in need in Somalia, and malnutrition rates among than 2.6 million people are internally displaced – all of children remain among the worst in the world. Close to whom continue to face serious risks of marginalization, 1 million children in Somalia are estimated to be acutely forced eviction and exclusion.
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