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The Making of Virginia and the Middle Colonies, 1573-1701

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The Making of Virginia and the Middle Colonies, 1573-1701 Class Book COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT THE MAKING OF VIRGINIA AND THE MIDDLE COLONIES 1578-1701 f BOOKS BY SAMUEL ADAMS DRAKE The Making of New England, 1530-1643. Illustrated. l2mo. $1.50. The Making ok the O heat West, 1512-1853. Illustrated. i2mo. $1.50. The Making of Virginia and the Middle Colonies, 1573-1701. Illustrated. ISmo. $1.50. v^ THE MAKING OF VIRGINIA AND THE MIDDLE COLONIES 1578-1701 SAMUEL ADAMS DRAKE Histories make men wise "—Bacon WITH MANY ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS **0CT 3 1893. &/ V WASV^tf NEW YORK / CHARLES SCRIBNER'S S ONS 1893 k_ Copyright, 1893 By CHARLES SCRIBNERS SONS i TROW DIRECTORY y PRINTING AND BOOKBINDING COMPANY NEW YORK f PREFACE AS in "The Making of New England," and "The Mak- ing of the Great West," this book aims to meet, so far as it may, the want for brief, compact, and handy manuals of the beginnings of onr country. And though primarily designed for school or home instruction, in the study of history, pains have been taken to make it of in- terest to adult readers, more especially to teachers, by the addition of copious explanatory notes, or by refer- ence to first-hand authorities, as aids to fuller investiga- tion. To so fill out the bare outlines of the school history as to give the pupil something more than the dry bones ; to so condense the exhaustive narrative as to put its es- sence, without loss of vitality, in a few words, are ob- jects that have been kept steadily in view in preparing these volumes. It is not enough to state that, in such or such a year, war broke out between two countries. Every intelligent person demands a reason, and is en- titled to it. Many times I have heard teachers giving, or attempting to give, verbal explanations of some ob- scure statement in the text-book from memory. Not seldom teachers are asked questions in the school-room vi PREFACE that they are unable to answer. A manual, from which short selections might be read, would have satisfied the pupil, and have saved the teacher's credit. The maps being mostly designed as aids to ready and rapid reference from the text, are unencumbered with anything not expressly treated of therein. And instead of being bound by the strict order of chronology, it has been thought better to follow the development of one colony into another, as in Virginia and Maryland, through its legitimate channels. CONTENTS I. The English in Virginia. IV. The Dutch on Manhattan. PAGE PAGE Sib Humphrey Gilbert 1 A Glance at Holland 108 Sir Walter Raleigh 6 Hudson's Voyage, 1009 110 Raleigh's First Expedition, 15S4 . 9 | New York in the Cradle, 1610-20 . 117 First Colony at Roanoke, 15S5-S6 . 15 Minuit, Van Twiller, Kieft . 123 . Tobacco . 22 Stuyvesant, and End of Dutch Second Colony at Roanoke, 1587 . 24 Rule, 1647-64 135 Indian Worship 30 Landmarks of Long Island ... 146 Virginia Revived 31 Description of Albany 158 Indian Archery 40 East New Jersey 161 The Struggle for Life, 160S-10 . 42 West New Jersey 169 The Era of Progress, 1610-24 ... 54 II. The English in Maryland. The Founding of Maryland, 1034 . 60 V. The Dutch. Swedes, and English on Political Strifes Begun and the Delaware. Ended 77 Council with the Iroquois ... 86 The Founding of New Sweden . 177 Penn Founds Pennsylvania, 16S1 . 188 The Building of Philadelphia . 195 III. The Great Iroquois League. Rise of the Commonwealth, 1684- The Iroquois Country and Nations 00 1701 207 The Iroquois at Home 101 Tradition of the Long Walk . 216 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE PAGE Lake Champlain .... Frontispiece Sa Ya Yeath Qua Pieth Ton, King Sir H. Gilbert 2 of the maquas, a mohawk, or 3 Bear, Chief 92 Chair Made from Drake's Ship . Ho Ga Ron, Emperor Fishing Fleet at Newfoundland . 5 Tee Yee Neen Sir Walter Raleigh 7 of the Six Nations 93 Landing on the Island 10 Long House of the Iroquois ... 94 Koan, King of the River Musketeer, Settlement Period . 12 Econ Oh Lord and Lady, Secotan .... 13 Nation 96 Roanoke Island and Approaches, Ho Nee Yeath Tan No Ron, King Map 16 of the Generechgarich .... 98 Indian Village (Hariot) .... 18 Totem, Five Nations ...... 102 Indian Conjuror 20 Bear Totem, Indian Drawing . 103 104 Tobacco Plant 23 Tortoise Totem, Indian Drawing . 26 Totem, Indian Drawing. 105 Hariot's Map of Virginia, 15S8 . Beaver ~ 106 James I 32 Iroquois and Prisoner Windmill 109 Entrance to Chesapeake Bay . 06 Dutch Fort at Jamestown 38 Dutch Costumes HO Captain Smith 43 Robyn's Rift, Mouth of the Kills. Ill Deposition of Wingfield .... 44 Below the Highlands 113 Powhatan 46 Limit of Hudson's Voyage .... 115 English Gentlewoman, 1626 ... 48 Hell Gate (Dutch Print) .... 117 Building the Pinnace 51 Earliest Picture of New Amster- us Lower James Settlements, Map . 55 dam " Pocahontas |S New Netherland Seal 119 ( . 121 Tobacco Ships 5 .) First Settlement at Albany . Settlements, Map . 124 . 61 River Upper James Settlements, Map . Hudson Deserted Homes 64 Father Isaac Jogues 130 Early Maryland Settlements, Map 67 The Patroon, De Vries 132 Henrietta Maria 68 Seal of New Amsterdam .... 135 Cecilius Calvert 69 Governor's House and Church, In the Chesapeake 71 New York 136 First Landing Place 72 The Stadt Huys 137 139 St. George's Island, Md., off St. Old House, New York, Built 1668 . Mary's 73 New Netherland in 1656, Map . 141 142 The Bluff, St. Mary's, Md. ... 75 Stuyvesant's Tomb of York in 1695 144 Claiborne's Post at Kent Island . 78 Miller's Plan New . 147 Return from a Hunt 80 Long Island Settlements, Map . Southold, L. I. 151 Site of Jesuit Chapel, St. Inigoes . 83 Old House, The Iroquois Country, Map ... 91 Old Dutch Church, Albany ... 159 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE PAGE The Jerseys, Delaware, and Penn- Indian Fort, Susquehanna (Old sylvania, Map 162 Pbint) 101 Colonial Table 166 Penn's Brewing-Jar 198 Anhki.w Hamilton 167 Philadelphia and Vicinity, .Mai- . 196 Bib Edmund Andbos 171 Letitia Cottage 19H lobd cobnbuby 174 Penn Mansion, Philadelphia. Lat- Swedish Costumes 179 er Residence 201 Early Swedish Church, Wilming- Treaty Ground, Kensington . 203 ton 183 Treaty Monument 205 Trinity Fort, from Campanius . 186 Friends' Meeting- House .... 209 PENH Ska i- 18s James Logan 213 Penn's Chair 190 Penn's Town Residence 215 I THE ENGLISH IN VIRGINIA SIR HUMPHREY GILBERT. "/ scorn to change or fear.'" ELIZABETH had been twenty years Queen of Eng- land before any step was taken toward colonizing America. 1 At that epoch men's minds were more set upon discovery than founding colonies. Indeed, it is known that the Queen herself had a very strong bias that way. The reason is plain. Bold deeds have ever been a stronger spur to human effort than peaceful ones, and thirst for glory more potent than all besides. Men would rather be Columbus in chains than not be Columbus at all, and so it was that the real worth of the New World, either as a source of national wealth or as a home for overcrowded Europe, was lost sight of in the more daz- zling scheme of finding a short way to China. This was Avhere Columbus had failed ; this was what the Queen had set her heart upon ; and this also was 2 what all the learned geographers of the time were talk- ing about. Whoever should perform this great feat would bring renown to his country, and fame and fort- une to himself. But there was something in the way. Hitherto England had been playing a little, an ignoble part. Instead of taking the lead in voyages of discov- SIK III .MI'IIRKY GILBERT civ, as she might and should have done, her ships and sailors—and hers were the best of both—had turned to plundering the treasure-fleets of Spain. What if high honors were showered on those who followed this base business ? Our age looks back in wonder at the morality of that, when the arm of power was raised, not to pun- ish, but to reward, what was piracy then and is pira- cy now. But no very high moral aims actuated the crowned heads of that day, nor were the people them- selves free from a lingering trace of barbarism. Court and people alike exulted over the bringing home of a captured gal- leon ; Drake be- came the ilR H. GILBERT. popular idol, a n d w a s cheered to the echo whenever he went abroad ; even Elizabeth herself Avas not ashamed to visit his ship, or, if report be to share in the ill-gotten plunder gold true, ; silenced all complaints, though we are told that it grieved Drake much because " some prime courtiers refused the gold he offered them as gotten by pvracie." This was Elizabeth's England. 3 And so we find that, nearly a century after its discov- SIR HUMPHREY GILBERT 3 ery, the North American continent had been weakly oc- cupied only at its extremities, bnt by a Spaniard at one, and a Frenchman at the other. As yet all the actual colonizing had been done in Florida and Canada. Drake and Hawkins were busy burning the Spanish settlements at the south, while at the north the French remained unnoticed, possibly because they were not thought worth plundering. There was no gold there. Through the efforts of a few public-spirited men, who had their country's good more at heart than gain, yet desired glory with honor, there came such a change that, from being most backward, Englishmen suddenly grew most forward in setting forth both discovery and colonization.
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