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[IRE Journal Issue Irejournalmayjun2005; Mon Apr 4 92180 Story_Print 8.5x11 4/4/05 5:10 PM Page 1 CONTENTSFEATURES THE IRE JOURNAL 22- 31 WATER AND WATERWAYS TABLE OF CONTENTS TOXIC DRINK ������������������� Lead contamination found in local water supply; MAY/JUNE 2005 federal, local agencies hid problem from citizens 4 Most news investigations avoid unnamed By Carol D. Leonnig ���������������� sources, IRE archives study shows The Washington Post By Brant Houston, IRE BOATS AND BOOZE 6 BEST OF HOLLYWOOD Data-supported story on river, lake accidents Highlights of 2005 CAR Conference evolves into look at tragedies, boating laws by Natalya Shulyakovskaya By The IRE Journal ���������������������� The Orange County Register 8 2004 IRE Awards recognize top investigative work RUNNING AGROUND ��������������������� By The IRE Journal Probe details how government avoidance leads to choking of Intracoastal Waterway Mile High City readies for 2005 IRE Conference By Brian Hicks 14 The (Charleston, S.C.) Post and Courier By Amanda Buck The IRE Journal LEVEE NEGLECT 15 Sunshine Week highlights need for yearlong Neglected river banks, vigilance at state and federal levels flood control have left city Charles Davis dangerously vulnerable By Stuart Leavenworth Freedom of Information Center The Sacramento Bee BUDGET PROPOSAL 16 Organization plans additional services, events WHEN WATER RUNS LOW despite tight budgets for training, travel, data By Brent Israelson The Salt Lake Tribune By Brant Houston ����������������������������������� The IRE Journal ������������������������������������������ 18 INNOCENCE PROJECTS 32 ‘KILLER KING’ �������������������������������������� Investigations of wrongful convictions County-run hospital mired in poor care, financial continue to spread as formal programs misdeeds and empty promises ����������������������������������������������� By Amanda Buck By Tracy Weber and Charles Ornstein ��������������������������������������������������� The IRE Journal Los Angeles Times �������������������������������������������������� 20 Investigative tips from 34 FIRE RESPONSE ��������������������������������������������� America’s corporate insiders National standards provide benchmark for judging local times, risks, reasons ��������������������������������������������������� By Steve Weinberg The IRE Journal By Brad Branan ������������������������������������������������ Tucson Citizen ���������������������������������������������������� �������������������������������������������������� 36 STUDENT TRAINING College journalists study campus crime ����������������� ����������������������������� ABOUT THE COVER Water – so necessary for using FOI requests, statistics and tenacity ���������������������������������������������� By Craig Flournoy and Dan Malone the life of this planet and for The IRE Journal ������������������������������������������������ its inhabitants – is often ��������� ����������������������������������� overlooked as the source of 38 JUVENILE JUSTICE ��������������������� State failure to rehabilitate youth documented; important stories. fear and violence shown as standard practice By Karen de Sa and Brandon Bailey Cover Story San Jose Mercury News Pages 22-31 40 NEWS RADIO Cover photo by Reporting on each break in investigation Wendy Gray, The IRE Journal aids station’s probe into official misdeeds �������������������������������������� � ��������������������� � ���������������������� ��������������� By Eric Leonard KFI-AM, Los Angeles ���������������������������������� MAY/JUNE 2005 3 Publication: IRE Journal FEATURES THE IRE JOURNAL FROM THE IRE OFFICES VOLUME 28 NUMBER 3 EDITOR & IRE DEPUTY DIRECTOR Len Bruzzese Most news investigations MANAGING EDITOR Anita Bruzzese avoid unnamed sources, ART DIRECTOR Wendy Gray IRE archives study shows BRANT HOUSTON SENIOR CONTRIBUTING EDITOR Steve Weinberg CONTRIBUTING LEGAL EDITOR n this IRE Journal issue you will find the list of winners in our annual contest. What you David Smallman I won’t find is an overabundance of anonymous sources in these stories. In winner after winner, you will find a combination of traditional interviews and paper trails EDITORIAL INTERN along with the use of data analysis that bring certainty and credibility to the work. Whether it’s Michelle Loyalka railroad safety, flaws in the justice system, racial profiling or public corruption, the doggedness and research to get the information on the record shines through. IRE Being document driven Since its inception, IRE has taught journalists to have a “document state of mind.” That IRE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR is, if someone tells you something, there is a high likelihood that a document (or a database) Brant Houston exists to support or contradict what the person said. (In fact, many winners will tell you their BOARD OF DIRECTORS training came from IRE seminars and fellow members.) Year after year, the IRE contest judges select winners that, by a wide, wide majority, are CHAIR document-based. It doesn’t mean that IRE members never use anonymous tipsters who deliver Shawn McIntosh, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution roadmaps to documents and databases. It doesn’t mean we never – as a last resort – quote PRESIDENT anonymous sources who refuse to go on the record for fear of retribution. David Boardman, The Seattle Times It does mean, however, as a group IRE members like their stories air-tight, thoroughly documented, totally credible and on the record as much as possible. VICE PRESIDENT We have always understood this anecdotally, but recently a Missouri graduate student put Duane Pohlman, WEWS-Cleveland some numbers to these principles. TREASURER For her master’s thesis, Miglena M. Sternadori decided to do a statistical study of the use Cheryl Phillips, The Seattle Times of sources in IRE contest entries and winners. She looked at 190 entries from 1995 through 2002 broken into two groups. The first group consisted of winning entries and the second group SECRETARY was a (statistically acceptable) random selection of entries. Stephen C. Miller, The New York Times With advice from social researchers, she developed codes for the kinds of sources used in the stories. While she found winners used more anonymous sources, the overall percentage used Paul Adrian, KDFW-Dallas/Fort Worth was 7.9 percent. For non-winners it was about 4 percent. In either case, less than 10 percent Stephen K. Doig, Arizona State University of the sources in the stories were anonymous. The highest percentage overall in all the years James V. Grimaldi, The Washington Post studied was 14 percent, still a small portion of the total. Andy Hall, Wisconsin State Journal Sternadori, who has worked at IRE and as a professional journalist, did find differences in Dianna Hunt, Fort Worth Star-Telegram markets and media, and whether the sources were documents or people. She found that maga- Mark Katches, The Orange County Register zines and small weeklies used anonymous sources more often – as much as 14 percent overall and up to a quarter of people sources – while large newspapers were the most cautious. Deborah Sherman, KUSA-Denver The highest use of anonymous sources came in broadcast – 15 percent to 24 percent – yet Nancy Stancill, The Charlotte Observer still not nearly the majority of information you may find in day-to-day stories on the govern- ment beat. The IRE Journal (ISSN0164-7016) is published Improving credibility six times a year by Investigative Reporters and There are many more numbers and observations in the study, but the reader can be easily Editors, Inc. 138 Neff Annex, Missouri School of Journalism, Columbia, MO 65211, 573-882-2042. stirred to wonder about relations between documentation and credibility, particularly at a time E-mail: [email protected]. U.S. subscriptions are in which we are deeply concerned about authenticity of information. $70 for individuals, $85 for libraries and $125 As with any study, Sternadori saw many avenues for further research and the need for others for institutions/businesses. International sub- to do their own studies to check her findings. But her paper is a strong addition to the debate scriptions are $90 for individuals and $150 for all others. Periodical postage paid at Columbia, on anonymous sources and suggests practical ways – taught by IRE for decades – in which MO. Postmaster: Please send address changes news organizations can improve their stories and their credibility. to IRE. USPS #451-760 Brant Houston is executive director of IRE and the National Institute for Computer-Assisted © 2005 Investigative Reporters and Editors, Inc. Reporting. He can be reached through e-mail at [email protected] or by calling 573-882-2042. 4 THE IRE JOURNAL I FEATURESR E N E W S Davis to head NFOIC; Campaign finance workshop office moves to Missouri to feature hands-on work MEMBER NEWS The National Freedom of Information Coalition, IRE will host a campaign finance workshop an umbrella organization of state FOI groups and May 7-8 in Columbia, Mo., titled “What’s next onald Blount has been named managing advocates, will move its headquarters to the Mis- in campaign finance: Covering federal, state and Deditor of The (Stockton, Calif.) Record. He souri School of Journalism in July. Charles Davis, nonprofit money in upcoming elections.” was assistant managing editor at The Modesto associate professor of journalism at Missouri, will Aron Pilhofer, the Center for Public Integrity, leave his post as editorial department chair to serve and Derek Willis, The Washington Post, will lead Bee. Ron Chepesiuk’s book, “The Bullet or the as the coalition’s executive
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