Poverty & Race

PRRAC POVERTY & RACE RESEARCH ACTION COUNCIL

July/August 2012 Volume 21: Number 4

Promoting Diversity and Reducing Racial Isolation in Ohio

by Stephen Menendian

Last May, the State Board of Edu- sweeping guide for school districts found them constitutionally infirm in cation of Ohio adopted a new, for- designed both to promote diversity and Parents Involved in Community ward-looking Diversity Policy that reduce racial isolation throughout Schools v. Seattle School District No. will improve student performance and Ohio. The Policy emphatically reaf- 1. For that reason, even though the potentially affect the lives of every firmed the state goal of promoting di- policy did not clearly violate the Par- child in the state. Over the last three versity and alleviating racial isolation ents Involved ruling, the State Board years, staff from the Kirwan Institute in Ohio schools. This impressive of Education of Ohio suspended the for the Study of Race and Ethnicity at Policy touched on virtually every rel- 1980 Policy following the Supreme Ohio State worked very closely with evant educational issue, from curricu- Court’s decisions in those cases, pend- the Board and Ohio Department of lum and instruction to test-taking and ing the development of a new Policy. Education (ODE) staff to develop this transportation. The State Board of Education asked Policy. In this article, I will share the The core element of the Policy was the then-Executive Director of the positive results and key elements of the a monitoring mechanism designed to Kirwan Institute, Prof. john powell, new Policy, but more importantly, I ensure that no school population var- to present to the Board on the Parents will discuss the process of developing ied more than 15% from the demo- Involved decision, and to highlight na- this Policy in order to offer valuable graphics of the respective school dis- tional best practices on student assign- lessons for advocates and researchers trict as a whole. These data were col- ment policies and diversity initiatives. in other states, particularly for those lected into reams of 1980s-style dot Under the leadership of Prof. powell, struggling to create effective and pro- matrix continuous feed printer spread- we had already advised a number of gressive policies in fiscally and politi- sheets. ODE staff reviewed these other districts across the country, in- cally challenging environments. spreadsheets for compliance with the cluding Jefferson County, on how to demographic variation standard, re- revise their policies in light of the Su- Background gardless of whether the variation was preme Court’s decisions while main- a result of intentional de jure segrega- taining hard-won gains with technical In 1980, the State Board of Educa- tion or simply a result of de facto pat- support. The Board asked ODE staff tion of Ohio adopted a broad and terns of residential segregation. How- to work with the Kirwan Institute to ever, districts that were suspected of (Please turn to page 2) Stephen Menendian (steve. having this variation result from de jure [email protected]) is the Assis- segregation were immediately re- tant Director/Policy Director of the quested to appear before the Superin- Haas Diversity Research Center at UC tendent of Public Instruction to ex- CONTENTS: plain the situation. Berkeley and a Board member of the School Diversity ..... 1 American Values Institute. Previously, The astute reader will recognize he was the Senior Legal Associate at that this demographic percentage band Race Reporting ...... 3 the Kirwan Institute for the Study of is essentially the same numeric band Reader Comment/ Race and Ethnicity at the Ohio State that both the districts in Seattle, Wash- Response ...... 9 University, where he carried out work ington and Jefferson County, Kentucky Resources...... 10 for the new Policy described here. employed before the Supreme Court

Poverty & Race Research Action Council • 1200 18th Street NW • Suite 200 • Washington, DC 20036 202/906-8023 • FAX: 202/842-2885 • E-mail: [email protected] • www.prrac.org Recycled Paper (OHIO: Cont. from page 1) Policy also emphasizes the importance cational deficiencies. More critically, of diversity and explains the relation- the greatest degree of racial isolation create a process for developing a new ships between diversity, racial isola- is inter-district rather than intra-dis- statewide Diversity Policy. tion and student performance. In ad- trict. The 1980 Policy spoke almost Over the next three years, we dition, the Diversity Strategies Project exclusively to the latter. Given the fact worked very closely with various ODE envisioned a more active role for ODE that the new Policy is directed at school staff to develop a set of recommenda- in not only facilitating the guidance, districts and other non-public schools tions that would inform the develop- but in helping to disseminate and share for whom the State Board prescribes ment of a new policy. Once the rec- proven practices and improve aware- minimum standards under state law, ommendations were accepted by the ness of what works. this Policy is only marginally better at Board last September, we were asked Most importantly, however, the addressing this problem. to help ODE draft a Policy under the Policy provides guidance to school Given this overarching reality, it direction of the Board’s various sub- districts. The guidance comes in the should not be surprising that the re- committees. On May 15 of this year, form of principles announced by the curring refrain from local administra- the full Board unanimously adopted the State Board; identification and elabo- tors were the demographic limitations new Policy. ration of activities furthering those of promoting diversity within their principles; encouragement to pursue districts. Rural and suburban districts specific activities consistent with those expressed concern that they did not The Diversity Strategies principles; specific requirements to have sufficient numerical diversity to Policy take actions consistent with those prin- meaningfully address the issue. Stake- holders with institutional memory re- The new Diversity Strategies Policy The only solution to called that attempts to integrate were is far more than top-down oversight inter-district segregation met with white flight on the one hand, of districts. Rather, the Policy seri- is regional. and charter schools, private schools and ously attempts to create an infrastruc- school vouchers on the other. Attempts ture for best practices to be lifted up to diversify school buildings often had and shared, and to empower districts ciples; and specific reporting require- to overcome community opposition, with the tools and resources to pro- ments to the Superintendent of Public parental biases and perceptions, and mote diversity and reduce racial isola- Instruction. even personal threats. tion. The Policy does this in several The guidance itself includes twelve The only solution to inter-district ways. It sets out the demographic chal- elements directed at school districts. segregation is regional. In an attempt lenges in the state and the myriad forms The elements of guidance range from to deal with a deeply entrenched struc- of diversity throughout the state. One encouraging student assignment poli- tural limitation, the Policy encourages such challenge is the growing income cies that promote diversity to staff re- districts to participate in regional mag- segregation across neighborhoods that cruitment to curriculum and disci- net programs and support and fund reduces the number of mixed-income pline. The Policy also encourages dis- inter-district transfers. Ohio has en- environments and promotes the clus- tricts to reduce concentrated poverty joyed great success with both arts and tering of poor and wealthy families, within school buildings by, for ex- STEM-focused magnets, especially with stark educational outcomes. The ample, capping enrollment for students regional magnets. These magnets, receiving free or reduced lunch per which use lottery or talent screening building. The guidance requires dis- for admissions, award seats propor- Poverty and Race (ISSN 1075-3591) tricts to report to the Superintendent tionally to participant districts. is published six times a year by the Pov- of Public Instruction on various mat- The most important successes of the erty & Race Research Action Council, ters, such as the diversity impact of Policy, however, are less direct, but 1200 18th Street NW, Suite 200, Wash- ington, DC 20036, 202/906-8023, fax: potential new school sites. The guid- perhaps more influential than a more 202/842-2885, E-mail: [email protected]. ance is applicable both to public and traditional heavy-handed top-down Chester Hartman, Editor. Subscriptions non-public schools, including charter Policy. First, the Policy directs each are $25/year, $45/two years. Foreign schools. district to develop a statement on di- postage extra. Articles, article sugges- The focus on school districts means versity. While the State Board reaf- tions, letters and general comments are welcome, as are notices of publications, that larger, structural inter-district as- firms its commitment to promoting conferences, job openings, etc. for our pects of school diversity were not spe- diversity and reducing racial isolation Resources Section. Articles generally cifically addressed. Ohio’s system of through this Policy, having each dis- may be reprinted, providing PRRAC school funding has been held uncon- trict adopt its own such statement will gives advance permission. stitutional on multiple occasions by the provide the critical foundation for all © Copyright 2012 by the Poverty & Race Research Action Council. All state’s Supreme Court. However, the other local policies. It will bring di- rights reserved. Ohio Assembly has never seriously rectly into the conversation at the level tackled all aspects of the state’s edu- (Please turn to page 6)

2 • Poverty & Race • Vol. 21, No. 4 • July/August 2012 Reporting Race in the 21st Century by Craig Flournoy

Overview part series superbly chronicling the Numbers tell only part of the story. Civil Rights Movement. Subse- Over the past quarter-century, the In the late 1980s, the mainstream quently, it was awarded the dupont- award-winning, race-related stories news media embraced race relations. Columbia Gold Baton, broadcast told by print journalists have changed Witness the fact that in 1989 three journalism’s highest honor. During a great deal. During the 1980s, Pulitzer Pulitzer Prizes were given for race- these years, mass communication Prizes honored two series of stories related journalism. The Investigative scholars also focused much of their demonstrating that racial discrimina- Reporting award went to the Atlanta attention on race. Between 1986 and tion remains a systemic problem in the Journal-Constitution for a series re- 1990, Journalism & Mass Communi- United States and two other series de- vealing that local lending institutions cation Quarterly (J&MCQ), the most tailing the battle against South Africa’s systematically discriminated against prestigious scholarly journal in its apartheid system of government. Since African Americans. The Feature Writ- then, two-thirds of the Pulitzers ing prize was awarded to the Phila- One area where awarded for race-related work have delphia Inquirer for stories describing mainstream media gone to columnists, feature writers and the harshness of daily life for South regularly report on editorial writers. Hard news enterprise African blacks. The Commentary work about African Americans has award went to the Chicago Tribune’s black Americans is been hard to come by. Two exceptions Clarence Page for his columns explor- crime. are separated by 10 years and radically ing race relations. The three awards different approaches. In 2004, a team represent more than one-quarter of all field, published 15 peer-reviewed ar- of Los Angeles Times reporters showed Pulitzers given for written journalism ticles focusing on African Americans. malpractice at a county hospital pri- that year. marily treating black and Latino pa- At the time, this journalistic atten- tients was pervasive and sometimes tion to race did not strike me as un- A Divergence deadly. For a 1994 series, the Wash- usual. I was a reporter at the Dallas in Race Coverage ington Post’s Leon Dash devoted four Morning News in 1989. A few years years and 36,644 words to describe the earlier, another reporter and I had pub- I assumed journalistic interest in life of a thieving, drug-dealing, baby- lished “Separate and Unequal,” an race relations would continue. I was producing, child-abusing black pros- eight-part series documenting how the wrong, based on the recognized work titute. Racial prejudice as a structural federal government expanded a ra- of “print journalism”—including problem was replaced by racial stereo- cially segregated, starkly unequal sys- newspapers, online news organizations typing. tem of subsidized housing two decades and journalism scholars in the 21st Again, broadcast journalism fol- after passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Century’s first decade. Between 2002 lowed a different route. During the Act. We spent more than a year re- and 2012, the number of Pulitzer Prizes 1980s, dupont-Columbia awards hon- searching and writing the series. It was awarded for race-related work was ored an ABC Nightline series on apart- awarded a Pulitzer Prize for National three—the same number given in heid in South Africa and a documen- Reporting in 1986. Afterwards, my 1989. Between 2002 and 2012, the tary by Chicago’s NBC affiliate on the editors agreed I could cover low-in- number of J&MCQ articles focusing racist heritage of Cicero, Illinois. come housing and race full-time. on African Americans fell by almost Since then, broadcast journalism’s And why not? Wherever we two-thirds when compared to the pre- most prestigious prize has recognized: looked, print and broadcast reporters ceding 16 years. • A 1994 PBS documentary tracing were producing outstanding work ex- The work honored as broadcast the year-long struggle of students amining African Americans. In 1987, journalism’s best has a different and teachers to overcome racial and PBS aired “Eyes on the Prize,” a six- record. Between 2002 and 2011, 16 class differences at Berkeley High dupont-Columbia prizes were awarded School in California. for race-related stories, or 1.6 per year. • A year-long NBC project in 1997 Craig Flournoy (cflourno@smu. That is virtually identical to the rate examining race relations in an Illi- edu), a PRRAC Board member, between 1986 and 2001, when 26 nois town and its residents’ efforts teaches journalism at Southern Meth- dupont-Columbia awards were given to deal with residential and school odist Univ. Previously, he was an in- for work focusing on African Ameri- segregation. vestigative reporter at the Dallas Morn- cans. (Please turn to page 4) ing News.

Poverty & Race • Vol. 21, No. 4 • July/August 2012 • 3 (RACE REPORTING: Cont. from page 3) Award-winning screenplay, uses a a serious responsibility, a public trust, news anchor—ostensibly the epitome which deserved the very best that was • A 2001 Court TV documentary re- of television gravitas—to savagely sa- in him to give.” counting Attica, the most violent tiric effect. As Beale tells viewers, But during the first half of the 20th prison rebellion in American his- “Television is not the truth! Televi- Century, was there any greater jour- tory, and the media’s often wildly sion is a God-damned amusement nalistic responsibility than reporting the inaccurate coverage. park!” humiliation and horror inflicted on • A 2002 report by San Diego’s PBS Network premiered in 1976. So did African Americans in the Jim Crow station based on a two-year investi- All the President’s Men. Screenwriter South? For those in the mainstream gation exploring the rising popular- William Goldman, who’d won an press, it was an opportunity as well as ity of “White Power”—and vio- Academy Award for Butch Cassidy a responsibility. Yet they failed to seize lence—among adolescents in a and the Sundance Kid, took home an- it. Indeed, with rare exceptions, they working-class suburb. other after portraying Washington Post blew it. From east to west, newspa- • A 14-month NBC Dateline investi- reporters Bob Woodward and Carl pers ignored black Americans. Stud- gation in 2004 of racial profiling Bernstein as solely responsible for un- ies of the New York Times covering by police in Cincinnati and other covering the Watergate scandal. (The 1900 to 1953 found that, except in iso- cities, and how the practice can pro- lated instances, the Times devoted no duce tragic consequences. Racial stereotyping more than 1% of its average daily con- has replaced structural tent to black Americans. Whether measured in quantitative There was one exception—crime. In or qualitative terms, the results remain racism. 1949, the Southern Regional Council the same. If you were searching the examined more than 1,000 stories in mainstream media for stories that ex- film’s most memorable line—“follow mainstream Southern newspapers and plored the most vital issues affecting the money”—came not from Deep found almost no mention of African African Americans and Latinos with Throat but from Goldman’s imagina- Americans unless they’d allegedly com- tough fair-mindedness, historical con- tion.) As Post Executive Editor Ben mitted a crime. The 1946-47 class of text and structural awareness, the mes- Bradlee tells the two reporters in the Nieman fellows at Harvard University sage was clear: Turn on the television. film’s penultimate scene, “Nothing's echoed this view on a national scale. riding on this except the First Amend- At the end of a year-long study, this ment to the Constitution, freedom of remarkable group concluded, “North A Look Back – Print the press, and maybe the future of the and South, most newspapers are con- Journalism and Race country.” The camera cuts to Wood- sistently cruel to the colored man, pa- ward and Bernstein working in a tronizing him, keeping him in his Even as I write these words, I can mostly deserted newsroom while a place, thoughtlessly crucifying him in hear the ghosts of colleagues from teletype machine moving at machine- a thousand big and little ways.” As newsrooms past gasping, “Flournoy, gun speed heralds a who’s who of pictured in many newspapers, the Ne- have you lost your mind?” Many be- criminal convictions and, finally, gro is either an “entertaining fool, a lieve that broadcast journalism is an Nixon’s resignation. U.S. District dangerous animal, or ... a prodigy of oxymoron—local television news is Judge John J. Sirica, the Senate hear- astonishing attainments, considering crime (“if it bleeds, it leads”), sports, ings and the Watergate tapes are never his race.” weather and happy talk, and what little mentioned. It was no coincidence that big-city moral outrage and gutsy reporting there Got it? Television news is our freak newsrooms in the 1950s were white, was in network news died the day CBS show, print journalism our savior. male and opposed to change. In 1952, honchos, prodded by gutless advertis- Scholarly types have laid bare the Washington Post hired Simeon ers, banished Ed Murrow’s See It Now whole forests in their efforts to map Booker as its first black reporter. from prime time. the pernicious influence of television Booker had 10 years of experience at Popular culture reinforces this journalism. In Breaking the News: two of the country’s top black news- mindset. Consider Network and All the How the Media Undermine American papers and had just completed a President’s Men, widely considered Democracy, James Fallows says tele- Nieman fellowship. But at the Post, two of the best films about journal- vision corrupted the newsgathering editors wrote racial slurs on his copy ism. Network tells the story of Howard process by transforming reporters into and DC cops questioned him when- Beale, a fading news anchor at a last- celebrities, creating a system that ever he tried to cover a story. Booker place network who resuscitates his ca- “erodes the quality of the news we re- resigned in 1953 and went to Jet maga- reer as the “mad prophet of the air- ceive and threatens journalism’s claim zine, where he did a superb job cover- waves” under the tutelage of a socio- on public respect.” He finds hope in a ing civil rights. In The Race Beat, pathic entertainment executive. Paddy newspaper reporter’s commitment to Gene Roberts and Hank Klibanoff ar- Chayefsky, who wrote the Academy his craft. Fallows concludes, “It was gue that white and black journalists

4 • Poverty & Race • Vol. 21, No. 4 • July/August 2012 reported civil rights as a journalistic brotherhood, citing the Emmett Till New on PRRAC’s Website murder trial. “They conducted the same interviews, exchanged notes, Presentations and materials from the Fifth National Conference on As- [and] filled in one another’s quotes,” sisted Housing Mobility (conference held at the Urban Institute on June they wrote. Booker, who covered the 11-12, 2012). trial, painted a very different picture of the relationship between black and Diverse Charter Schools: Can Racial and Socioeconomic Integration Pro- white reporters. “We never knew one mote Better Outcomes for Students? by Richard Kahlenberg and Halley another,” he told me in a 2006 inter- Potter (co-published by PRRAC and The Century Foundation). view. “We worked different sides of the street.” Recent civil rights advocacy on the Section 8 voucher program, the Low Income Housing Tax Credit, and the HUD Rental Assistance Demonstra- tion. Race Reporting in the 21st Century **visit www.prrac.org**

The first decade of the 21st Cen- tury has not been kind to newspapers. Classified advertising dropped 70%. Angeles Times received the Pulitzer Pulitzer Prize to another African- Subscription revenue plummeted. The Prize for Public Service for its grip- American columnist, the Washington result: In 2008, the stock value of the ping expose of patient mistreatment at Post’s Eugene Robinson. The jump- nation’s 15 largest newspaper compa- Los Angeles County’s Martin Luther ing-off point for his work was the 2008 nies dropped 83% (more than twice King Jr./Drew Medical Center. In presidential election, particularly the 38.5% decline in the S&P 500). 2007, Cynthia Tucker, an African- Barack Obama’s bid to become the Some 7,500 print journalists lost their American columnist with the Atlanta nation’s first African-American Presi- jobs in 2008. They had represented Journal-Constitution, was honored for dent. Robinson does a masterful job 15% of the nation’s newsrooms. her work analyzing the intersection of conveying his own sense of wonder And yet mainstream newspapers, in between politics and race.Tucker that a black man might be elected to some cases collaborating with web- praised the legacy of Coretta Scott the nation’s highest office and rein- only news organizations such as forces this with historical context. And ProPublica and Politico.com, continue Mass communication he never forgets those who know de- to produce the kind of journalism that scholars displayed no spair far more than hope. In “Two would have made Lincoln Steffens and Black Americas,” the columnist re- Ida Tarbell proud. The Washington more interest in race minds his readers that one-quarter of Post’s Dana Priest and Anne Hull ex- relations than main- African-American families continue to posed mistreatment of wounded mili- stream newspapers struggle with poverty, poor education tary veterans at Walter Reed Army and websites. and diminished expectations. Medical Center in 2007. The follow- Mass communication scholars dis- ing year, the Las Vegas Sun’s played no more interest in race rela- Alexandra Berzon revealed a high King and called out the Republican tions than mainstream newspapers and death rate among construction work- Party for seeking to suppress minority websites. Since 2001, Journalism & ers on the Las Vegas Strip. Each se- voting. But she unleashed her real fury Mass Communication Quarterly has ries prompted significant reforms, each on black elected officials and civil published an average of one article per received a Pulitzer Prize for Public rights organizations. She criticized a year focusing on African Americans. Service. The economic model of black Congressional member for This is a tiny slice of its peer-reviewed newspapers may be broken, but print “recklessly playing the race card.” She pie. In 2011, for example, J&MCQ and digital reporters demonstrated they mocked “the usual suspects—the published 36 articles. Most of the can still put together social-justice jour- NAACP, the Urban League and the dozen race-related articles pay no at- nalism. However, race does not ap- Southern Christian Leadership Con- tention to actual media reporting on pear to be on their to-do list. ference”—for ignoring the plight of African Americans. Only three look Since 2002, Columbia University black men. She savaged former At- at coverage of events involving black has awarded 121 Pulitzer Prizes for re- lanta mayor and UN ambassador An- Americans—women in the Black Pan- porting, feature writing, commentary, drew Young for comments that gave thers in the 1970s; the murder of James criticism and editorial writing. Three African Americans “an excuse to em- Byrd in Jasper, Texas in 1998; and the recognized journalism focusing on brace bigotry.” Jena Six, six black teenagers charged African Americans. In 2005, the Los In 2009, the judges awarded a (Please turn to page 6)

Poverty & Race • Vol. 21, No. 4 • July/August 2012 • 5 (RACE REPORTING: Cont. from page 5) Mississippi, Alabama and Texas—are (OHIO: Cont. from page 2) Southern stalwarts of the Old Confed- with beating a white teenager in 2006. eracy. Based on current trends, one in of Policy the issue of diversity. Half of the articles employed experi- three black males born today will spend In focus groups with local admin- ments or surveys in an attempt to mea- time in prison, compared with one in istrators, we found a deep and broad sure various hypothetical questions in- 17 white males. It is, in the words of understanding of both the benefits of volving race and journalism. I was one African-American law professor, diversity and the need to find ways to unaware mass communication had at- “the New Jim Crow.” prepare students, even in racially iso- tained the status of science. Mainstream media organizations lated environments, for living and Broadcast journalism again was the have not been silent about America’s working in a diverse society. Requir- unexpected exception. In the ten years prison boom. The problem is that they ing local districts to develop such a between 2002 and 2011, Columbia treat it as a daily story. This means policy statement will help local lead- University handed out 133 dupont-Co- someone with a vested self-interest in ers connect diversity to their own peda- lumbia awards. Sixteen, or 12%, have prisons—a contractor or warden or law- gogical goals and educational needs. honored race-related stories. The work and-order legislator—initiates the story At the same time, it will provide a is wide-ranging, compelling and and defines it. When a Texas state sena- necessary foundation for all other fu- timely: tor complained in 2011 that a death row ture programming, activities, outreach • A PBS documentary in 2003 on a inmate’s last meal request was extrava- and policies. Districts will be forced little-known effort at school deseg- gant, the legislator garnered national to explicate not only their own diver- regation in the tiny Arkansas town media action and a quick end to the sity values, but also to bring the issue of Hoxie by its all-white school practice. of diversity into the ongoing commu- board. What the print and television and nity conversation. The benefits of this • An NBC Dateline program in 2007 digital reporters have not done is take potentially go far beyond what would that follows a young, African- on the system, its history, its winners, be practically achieved from any par- American teacher as she navigates its cost to taxpayers, its impact on in- ticular state-imposed mandate. an inner-city school in Atlanta dur- mates’ families, its political repercus- Secondly, and perhaps most criti- ing her baptismal year in the class- sions, its relationship to crime rates and cally, many of the reporting require- room. what it means when one of the world’s ments function in practice as soft man- • An extraordinary PBS series in oldest republics sees fit to lock up more dates. The 1980 Policy required dis- 2008 detailing health disparities in of its people than any other country. Is tricts to provide data to ODE for moni- the United States and their connec- this too much to ask? True, the white toring compliance with the parameters tions to income and race. guys in the newsroom missed the old of that Policy. The new Policy requires Jim Crow. Maybe the addition of districts to report to the Superinten- The level of quality in broadcast women and minority reporters will dent of Public Instruction on a variety reporting impressed me. The precipi- change things. of matters. For example, the Policy tous decline in mainstream print/digi- requires districts to report the diver- tal race-related reporting astounded Postscript: In May, the New Or- sity impact of potential new school me. The work of the mass communi- leans Times-Picayune published a riv- sites or school closings to the Super- cation scholars matched my low ex- eting eight-part series examining the intendent of Public Instruction. While pectations. Despite their differences, prison system in Louisiana, which has the Policy does not prohibit opening all three have something in common: the world’s highest incarceration rate. or closing a school site that would have They missed the most important story Lead reporter Cindy Chang shows that an adverse effect on school diversity affecting African Americans in the private companies and local sheriffs are within a district, that is its practical past quarter-century: prisons. the major beneficiaries today, much effect. By forcing districts to consider The facts are, to quote a former edi- as they were under the convict-leasing the diversity impact of a new school tor, like poison gas. The United States system a century ago. In June, the site or school closing (a practice ex- imprisons more of its citizens per Newhouse family, which owns the plicitly endorsed by Justice Kennedy capita than any country in the world. Times-Picayune, announced it would in Parents Involved), we believe that In 1954, approximately 100,000 Af- cut its print edition to three days a week local communities will take this infor- rican Americans were in state and fed- and fire 84 of the 173 persons in its mation into account. In addition, the eral prisons. Today, some 900,000 are newsroom. Management told Chang State Board and the Superintendent of behind bars. Black Americans, who she still had a job but not as a “special Public Instruction will have critical in- comprise less than 13% of the popu- projects writer.” My guess is that formation for crafting future state lation, account for 38% of inmates. Chang will find a way to do kickass policy. If it turns out that districts are Four of the five states with the high- journalism. ❏ consistently opening new schools in est incarceration rates—Louisiana, racially isolated environments, with negative consequences for other

6 • Poverty & Race • Vol. 21, No. 4 • July/August 2012 schools throughout the district, the has a different political climate and State Board can craft new policies to structure, I believe there are three Thanks for your address this issue. critical lessons to be learned from the contributions to There is perhaps no single issue that hard, slow and often difficult process PRRAC! has a more significant and long-last- of developing a new Policy for the ing influence on student body diver- State of Ohio. Joseph & Dorothy Feinberg sity within a district than school site Janet Hostetler selection for new schools or school Lesson 1: Go Grassroots Larry Pearl closings. Since most schools draw stu- The Diversity Strategies Project was Judy Pigott dents from nearby neighborhoods, the initiated during the previous gov- David Tegeler site of a new school will have ramifi- ernor’s administration. The 2010 elec- (Plus thank you to all of the un- cations that reverberate throughout the tion meant not only a shift in Board named federal employee donors entire district. Neighborhood schools priorities, but also less familiarity with who gave through the Combined have the potential to draw students out the work undertaken so far. As a con- Federal Campaign!) of more diverse educational environ- sequence, the DSP was returned to ments into racially isolated environ- Committee. The new Committee You can also donate online ments. Integrative school site selection Chairman sent a letter to districts ask- at www.prrac.org also serves as a deterrent to white flight ing for feedback on the Report we had within a district, and will improve the submitted so far. diversity within a district as a whole, piled into the Recommendations Re- by making each school more diverse. The Kirwan Institute port. The feedback was summarized In evaluating the 1980 Policy, we created a process for by question and issue and became an were struck by many of the limitations developing a new state- important basis for the development in its implementation. We designed the of the new Policy. The feedback was new Policy to overcome many of these wide Diversity Policy. particularly important for revealing the implementation challenges, but also to limitations of the previous Policy, un- be proactive and forward-looking. The As part of this project, we held derstanding the current educational new Policy does not rely entirely on four regional meetings throughout the realities and challenges, and for reaf- ODE or Board oversight for imple- State of Ohio in the Spring of 2010. firming for the State Board the im- mentation, but offers immediate guid- We selected the regions, identified dis- portance of having a diversity policy. ance and resources to districts. More- trict participants, planned the itiner- Over and over again, workgroup over, the new Policy brings into focus ary, and were responsible for facili- participants strongly affirmed the the issues of diversity and racial isola- tating the meetings and participant value and importance of diversity in tion, and prompts a conversation workgroups. The meetings were de- relation to a wide range of pedagogi- within local districts where adminis- signed to obtain feedback from dis- cal goals. When the Committee chair- trators are both tasked with and em- tricts throughout the entire state on man solicited further feedback from powered to build solutions to local and their experience with diversity and the districts, the workgroup and grassroots regional problems. As Ohio, like the principles and strategies that would participation that we had already so- nation, continues to experience dra- guide the new State Board Diversity licited proved invaluable, for it al- matic demographic change, educators Strategies Policy. lowed us to speak with the confidence and administrators will have the re- Because of accessible facilities, we and voice of local leaders, communi- sources, knowledge and experience to were limited to around 50-60 partici- ties and their administrators. proactively and collectively address our pants per region. Recognizing that The process developed for the State many looming challenges. I believe many invitees would be unavailable, of Ohio grew out of workgroups we this Policy will serve the state for more at least 50 districts in each region were had developed for Montclair, New Jer- than a generation to come. invited to participate. Districts were sey and other districts where we had selected according to a mixture of geo- conducted focus groups to gauge com- graphic and demographic criteria. A munity views on the importance and Lessons Learned representative mix of urban, suburban value of diversity and integration, and and rural districts were selected for asked folks to define both, and weigh Ohio, with this progressive and for- invitation, and every one of Ohio’s 88 in on strategies designed to promote ward-looking Policy, is now a national counties had at least one district se- them. The workgroups in Ohio were leader in promoting diversity and re- lected. Typologies based on geo- designed not only to collect similar ducing racial isolation. But the criti- graphic, racial and SES characteris- information, but to also impart infor- cal question is how other states and tics were developed to ensure diverse mation on the current demographic districts may learn from Ohio’s suc- representation. challenges and national best practices. cess. While recognizing that every state The workgroup feedback was com- (Please turn to page 8)

Poverty & Race • Vol. 21, No. 4 • July/August 2012 • 7 (OHIO: Continued from page 7) Policy might be implemented in prac- cially African-American youth, may tice rather than designing the ideal choose not to participate in such pro- The workgroup report provided the mandate. gramming even when they meet mini- foundation for the recommendations mum qualifications. Qualitative stud- to the State Board, out of which the Lesson 3: Be Reasonable ies on gifted education suggested that new Policy was derived. Just as im- Throughout the project, Board black students have much to gain from portantly, they provided a critical members expressed particular concerns gifted education, including exposure grassroots backstop against criticism of about various aspects of the Recom- to highly skilled teachers and more any of the recommendations. Having mendations Report and the Policy. stimulating environments. Rather than this foundation proved essential to The DSP went through three different suggest that the State should discour- weathering any potential political con- Board committees and through the full age gifted programming that may lead cerns that may have been raised dur- board multiple times. From the across to more racially isolated classrooms, ing this process. The workgroup feed- the political spectrum we heard con- we instead emphasized research high- back provided an incontrovertible cerns over almost every aspect of the lighting the potential benefits of gifted foundation for continuing this work Policy, and worked closely with Board programming to non-white students, and the necessity of doing so. members and the Board’s committees while focusing more on educating to create the best possible Policy. these students and their parents on the Lesson 2: Be Creative In the final stage of the develop- benefits of gifted education and while Concerns about unfunded mandates, ment of the Policy, concerns were paying closer attention to referral rates. “one-size-fits-all” rules and budgetary raised by the President of the Board The Director for the Ohio Associa- constraints were central to the devel- about the Policy’s treatment of gifted tion for Gifted Education even recom- opment of the new Policy. Even be- mended a provision requiring districts fore the new administration arrived, The Policy directs each to monitor the racial and ethnic repre- we were concerned that many strict, district to develop a sentation of students in ability-grouped top-down mandates would alienate diversity statement. courses, and to also report this infor- Board members and local communi- mation to the Superintendent of Pub- ties alike. Even if such a Policy was lic Instruction. Attending to the con- put in place, meaningful implementa- education. Other Board members cerns that were raised and being will- tion would be a challenge without con- raised similar concerns. The research ing to switch tracks has produced a stant oversight by an understaffed on tracking and instructional group- stronger policy. Ultimately, the Direc- ODE. ing is decidedly mixed. Some research- tor for the Ohio Association for Gifted It became clear that framing many ers and academics believe that schools Education publicly endorsed the re- of the elements of guidance as either should be de-tracked: that both ability vised Policy, which was instrumental reporting requirements or in ways that and other forms of instructional group- to receiving unanimous support by the give local administrators leeway to tai- ing can harm many students, espe- full Board. lor the spirit of the guidance to their cially students of color. Black and local needs was not only more practi- Latino students are disproportionately cable, but possibly more effective in referred for special or remedial class- Conclusion the long run. Ohio’s educational lead- rooms and dramatically under- ers are people of good conscience striv- represented in gifted education. Ques- Advocates, researchers and educa- ing to do the right thing for their stu- tions of tracking, ability grouping and tors nationwide are often struggling to dents. Requiring districts to attend to instructional grouping were intense in do the right thing in increasingly chal- issues of diversity and racial isolation the development of the Recommenda- lenging political and budgetary envi- by developing a policy statement and tions Report, and many of our initial ronments. Rapidly changing demo- reporting on various matters to the Su- recommendations on this issue were graphics and a bifurcating economy perintendent of Public Instruction muted or heavily revised in 2010. pose serious educational challenges would put these questions into the pub- Just before the full Board was to moving forward, especially since most lic conversation, increase public aware- consider the final diversity policy draft, educational inequality is now inter-dis- ness, and generate data and other in- the Director for the Ohio Association trict and inter-state. Ohio has moved formation from which key decision- for Gifted Education testified that the into the vanguard for promoting di- makers may make more informed and Diversity Policy could do significant versity and reducing racial isolation by better decisions without alienating lo- harm to gifted education in Ohio. In using creative methods to foster em- cal leaders and their communities. particular, it was suggested that if powering solutions to intransigent, In sum, we sought to turn many of gifted education would reduce the di- long-term challenges. There are many the constraints of the current political versity of non-gifted classrooms, then lessons to be learned that could be ap- and budgetary environment into it should be avoided. Further research plied elsewhere to achieve similar strengths by focusing more on how the showed that many students, but espe- successes.❏

8 • Poverty & Race • Vol. 21, No. 4 • July/August 2012 Reader Comment/Response

john a. powell & Stephen they explicitly deny that their position ist system that enshrines its use, nam- Menendian, in their thoughtful essay, is anti-capital: “the case against cor- ing the system, clarifies who’s the 1%, “Beyond Public/Private: Understand- porations is not anti-capital.” But of who’s “Wall Street,” and avoids the ing Corporate Power,” Poverty and course it is “anti-capital”: What dif- public/private trap. That’s why con- Race, Nov./Dec., 2011, use the term ferentiates Goldman Sachs and the 1% servatives shy away from the use of “corporate power” as the “behemoth from the small business owner and the words. The conservatives realize in the boardroom,” the force, the 1% farmers and workers is the ownership that. As Peter Dreier has pointed out (although they don’t use that term) that and control of capital. “Ordinary citi- in a recent issue of Dissent, should be the target of change. They zens” are not “powerful corporate ac- Frank Luntz [Republican strat- make the important point that the line tors” because they don’t control capi- egist and Fox News commentator] (i.e., 1%/99%—they use the term tal, the wealth that would give them … urged Republican politicians to “circle of human concern” and “mem- power. And while some, perhaps avoid using the word “capital- bership in the community,” in the same most, owners of capital use the corpo- ism.” “I’m trying to get that word way Occupy speaks of the 99%) is not rate form, which is specifically de- removed and we’re replacing it between private and public, individu- signed to permit the aggregation of with either ‘economic freedom’ or als vs. the government. The target capital and its use to accumulate fur- ‘free market,’” Luntz said. “The should not include “entrepreneurs, ther capital, some don’t; it’s not the public…still prefers capitalism to small business owners, farmers, work- legal form that counts. Hedge funds socialism, but they think capital- ers… [who] are all swept up into the control capital whether they are incor- ism is immoral. And if we’re seen “private sphere.” porated or not. as defenders of quote, Wall Being clear on what “private” Being clear on the source of the un- Street, end quote, we’ve got a means is very important politically and desired power of corporations is im- problem.” ideologically. The sanctity of the per- portant politically. Acknowledging We shouldn't go along. sonal private is a cornerstone of demo- the reality of capital, and the capital- Peter Marcuse ([email protected]) cratic belief, an essential aspect of what freedom means. Applying “pri- vate” indiscriminately to Goldman Sachs, the small business owner, the Menendian/powell response to Marcuse corner grocer, and the individual per- son gives Goldman Sachs a cloak of We’d like to thank Peter Marcuse Corporations—even monopolies— moral standing it does not deserve. So for his interest in our article, and his that use their capital to serve the far so good. thoughtful response. Peter questions broader society, as corporations were But what is the line that divides whether our critique of corporate mis- charged and required to do in the early Goldman Sachs from the small busi- alignment is truly not anti-capital. years of the Republic, were not inher- ness owner? powell and Menendian Moreover, he argues that the differ- ently problematic. While the concen- suggest it is “corporate power,” but ence between large-scale, global cor- tration of private economic power can porate actors and small business own- harm the economy, our focus is on the ers and private individuals is in fact mechanisms that allow the translation capital itself. of economic power into political While we agree that the scale of power and influence. Decisions such Don’t forget capital owned and controlled by as Citizens United are one such ex- Goldman Sachs, banks and other cor- ample, and which allow unlimited in- to send us items porations like Apple or Google vis-à- dependent expenditures. vis the small business owner or farmer As John Rawls suggested, in a de- for our is different, it is not capital itself that mocracy the economy should serve the Resources is the issue: It is the misalignment of people, and not the other way around. corporations in our democracy. It is The scale of corporate power today, Section. the exercise of political power, influ- and the concentration of that power, ence and the channels that allow cor- distorts not only the economy, but our porations to manipulate and distort the democracy. It is these distortions, and democratic process. the mechanisms that channel them, that are the problem, not capital itself. ❏

Poverty & Race • Vol. 21, No. 4 • July/August 2012 • 9 Resources

Most Resources are • Covert Racism: 2012[?], $16.95), has • My Father's Name: A available directly from the Theories, Institutions, been published by Black Virginia Family issuing organization, either and Experiences, by Melville House in After the Civil War, by on their website (if given) or Rodney D. Coates (2012 Brooklyn. [13488] Lawrence P. Jackson (272 via other contact informa- [?], $36), has been pp., May 2012, $25)—a tion listed. Materials published by Haymarket • "The City that Care personal history by an published by PRRAC are Books, PO Box 180165, Forgot [New Orleans] Emory Univ. historian— available through our Chicago, IL 60618, 773/ Begins a Racial Healing has been published by website: www.prrac.org. 583-7884, www. Initiative," by Susan M. Univ. of Chicago Press, haymarketbooks.org Glisson, a 1-pager, 1427 E. 60th St., Chi- Prices include the [13457] appeared in the Summer cago, IL 60637, 773/702- shipping/handling (s/h) 2011 issue of The Well- 7700. [13506] charge when this informa- • Look, a White! spring, the newsletter of tion is provided to Philosophical Essays on the William Winter • "Post-Whiteness," by PRRAC. “No price listed” Whiteness, by George Institute for Racial Darnell Moore, appeared items often are free. Yancy (May 2012, 224 Reconciliation, Univ. of in Huffington Post (late When ordering items from pp., $26.95), has been Mississippi, Box 1848, May 2012). Available at PRRAC: SASE = self- published by Temple University, MS 38677- http://www. addressed stamped envelope Univ. Press, 800/621- 1848, 662/915-6734. huffingtonpost.com/ (45¢ unless otherwise 2736. [13467] [13492] darnell-l-moore/ indicated). Orders may not postracial-america_ be placed by telephone or • "Occupy Racism," by • New Jackson, MS b_1531399.html [13551] fax. Please indicate from Chester Hartman, on the FBI Building: The new which issue of P&R you are absence of a focus on FBI building in Jackson, • "The State of Race in ordering. structural racism as a MS was named in honor America" was an April 9, major causal factor in the of the three civil rights 2012 Aspen Institute Race/Racism welcome emphasis on workers murdered in Symposium, featuring, inequality on the part of Philadelphia, MS during among others, Charles • The Henry Louis the Occupiers, appeared Freedom Summer 1964: Blow, Karen Narasaki, Gates, Jr. Reader (656 in the Spring 2012 issue James Chaney, Andrew Norman Ornstein, Kurt pp., May 2012, $29.99) of Progressive Planning. Goodman & Michael Schmoke, Touré & Juan has been published by Copies of the 1-page op- Schwerner—named as Williams. Inf. from Basic Civitas, 212/340- ed are available from well for FBI agent Roy K. Aspen, One Dupont 8136. [13439] Hartman at Moore, who led the Circle, NW, #700, Wash., [email protected] or investigation into their DC 20036, 202/736-5800 • My People Are 202/906-8025. [13468] murders. [13493] [13478] Rising: Memoir of a Black Panther Party • "We're Not Even • Space, Place, and • "Summer of Change: Captain, by Aaron Dixon Allowed to Ask for Help: Violence: Violence and Civil Rights Commemo- (July 2012, $17.95), has Debunking the Myth of the Embodied Geogra- ration Day" was held been published by the Model Minority" (51 phies of Race, Sex and June 30, 2012 by the Haymarket Books, PO pp., Dec. 2011), from the Gender, by James A. National Park Service, Box 180165, Chicago, IL Coalition for Asian Tyner (240 pp., Oct. honoring the 52nd 60618, 773/583-7884, American Children and 2011, $34.95), has been anniversary of the civil www.haymarketbooks.org Families & Pumphouse published by Routledge. rights protests at the Glen [13454] Projects, is available (no [13497] Echo Amusement Park in price listed) from John suburban Maryland, very • Detroit: I Do Mind Beam at Pumphouse • "Exclusion of Blacks close to the DC border, Dying - A Study in Urban Projects, 230 Garfield Pl., from Census": A May 21, then privately owned, Revolution, by Dan #1, Brooklyn, NY 11215, 2012 Washington Post which barred native-born Georgakas & Marvin 718/768-1023, article, headed "More African Americans. NPS Surkin (Dec. 2012, $18), Pumphouse.Projects@ than 1 million blacks also has an oral history Foreword by Manning verizon.net [13482] weren't included in 1940 project re this history— Marable, has been Census," describes the contact Zachary Gardner published by Haymarket • Hillbilly Nationalists, omission. If you can't at 301/320-1400. There's Books, PO Box 180165, Urban Race Rebels, and find it on the Internet, we an annual weekend-long Chicago, IL 60618, Black Power: Community can mail you a copy with Folklife Festival each 773/583-7884, www. Organizing in Radical a SASE. [13498] May at Glen Echo, very haymarketbooks.org Times, by Amy Sonnie & much worth attending (if [13455] James Tracy (201 pp., only for their fabulous 10 • Poverty & Race • Vol. 21, No. 4 • July/August 2012 restored 1921 Dentzel lies: State Maintenance School Center, 111 tion. Inf. from Carousel). [12973] of Effort Requirements Broadway, #604, NYC, [email protected] [13481] and Trends" is a May, NY 10006, 212/437- • "Making Sense of 2012 GAO report: http:// 8300, www:nycCharter • "Profiles of Risk: Race and Ethnicity in www.gao.gov/products/ Schools.org [13448] School Readiness" is a 4- Health: Do We Need to GAO-12-713T [13530] page, May 2012 Research Do Better?" was held • Howard Zinn Speaks: Brief, available (possibly June 12, 2012 by the • "Making Savings Collected Speeches, 1963 free) from the Institute for Joint Center for Political Work for the Poor" was to 2009, ed. Anthony Children, Poverty & and Economic Studies' a June 5, 2012 facilitated Arnove (Oct. 2012, Homelessness, 44 Cooper Health Policy Institute. A seminar held by the New $18.95), has been Sq., NYC, NY 10003, report on the briefing is America Foundation. Inf. published by Haymarket 212/358-8086, www. available on their from Jamie Zimmerman, Books, PO Box 180165, ICPHusa.org [13501] website, www.jointcenter. [email protected] Chicago, IL 60618, 773/ org [13553] [13527] 583-7884, www. • "Preparing High haymarketbooks.org School Students for [13451] College" (May 2012) is Poverty/ Criminal available (possibly free) • Reversing the Assault from MDRC, 16 E. 34 Welfare Justice on Public Education: St., NYC, NY 10016- Joining the Power of 4326, 212/532-3200, • "The Assets Report • "Inside This Place, Teacher Unions to the www.mdrc.org [13503] 2012: An Assessment of Not of It: Narratives Heart of Teaching, by the Federal 'Asset- from Women's Prisons," Lois Weiner (Sept. 2012, • "Facilitating Building Budget'," by by Robin Levi & Ayelet $16), has been published Postsecondary Education Reid Cramer, Rachel Waldman (308 pp., by Haymarket Books, PO and Training for TANF Black & Justin King 2012[?]), is available via Box 180165, Chicago, IL Recipients" (May 2012) is (April 2012, 28 pp.), is voiceofwitness.org 60618, 773/583-7884, available (possibly free) available (possibly free) [13510] www.haymarketbooks.org from MDRC, 16 E. 34 from New America [13453] St., NYC, NY 10016- Foundation, 1899 L St. • "Breaking the 4326, 212/532-3200, NW, #400, Wash., DC Census: Redistricting in • Pencils Down: www.mdrc.org [13505] 20036, 202/ 986-2700 an Era of Mass Incar- RETHINKING high- [13446] ceration," by Peter stakes testing and • The Education of a Wagner (20 pp.), ap- accountability in public White Parent: Wrestling • So Rich, So Poor: peared in William schools, eds. Wayne Au with Race and Opportu- Why It's So Hard to End Mitchell Law Review & Melissa Bollow Tempel nity in the Boston Public Poverty in America, by v.38:4. [13528] (April 2012, 303 pp., Schools, by Susan Peter Edelman (July $24.95), has been Naimark (2012, 208 pp., 2012, 208 pp.), has been published by Rethinking $18.95), has been published by New Press. Economic / Schools, 1001 E. Keefe published by Levellers [13462] Ave., Milwaukee,WI Press, 413/256-6010, Community 53212, 414/964-9646. [email protected], • "A Consumer's Guide Development [13469] www.levellerspress.com to Interpreting Various [13534] U.S. Poverty Measures," • "2012 Advocates' • Rethinking Elemen- by David S. Johnson & Guide to Housing and tary Education, eds. • "Reaching Parents Timothy Smeeding (7 Community Development Linda Christensen, Mark with NAEP Resources" is pp.), is the May 2012 Policy" is available from Hansen, Bob Peterson, a 10-page, March 2012 issue of Fast Focus, a the National Low Income Elizabeth Schlessman & report from the National single-topic Brief put out Housing Coalition Dyan Watson (April Assessment Governing several times a year and (headed by former 2012, 303 pp., $24.95), Board's Ad Hoc Commit- distributed (only) elec- PRRAC Bd. member has been published by tee on NAEP Parent tronically by the Institute Sheila Crowley), 202/ Rethinking Schools, 1001 Engagement. Available at for Research on Poverty 662-1530, x246, E. Keefe Ave., Milwau- http://www.nagb.org/ of the Univ. of Wiscon- [email protected] [13443] kee, WI 53212, 414/964- newsroom/PressRelease sin-Madison: 1180 9646. [13470] PDFs/release-20120525- Observatory Dr., 3412 reaching-parents-with- Social Science Bldg., Education • The NYS Language NAEP-resources-ad-hoc- Madison, WI 53706, 608/ Regional Bilingual committee.pdf [13537] 262-6358, www.irp. • "The State of the Education Resource wisc.edu [13500] NYC Charter School Network has just been • The Evolving Signifi- Sector" (2012, 39 pp.) is introduced by NYU's cance of Race: Living, • "Temporary Assis- available (no price listed) Steinhardt Metropolitan Learning and Teaching, tance for Needy Fami- from the NYC Charter Center for Urban Educa- eds. Sherick Andre

Poverty & Race • Vol. 21, No. 4 •July/August 2012 • 11 Hughes & Theodorea ncpie.org, www.ncpie.org grams that allow/encour- has been published by Regina Berry (310 pp., [13461] age high-school students The Century Foundation 2012, $36.95), has been to take college-level Press, 41 E. 70 St., NYC, published by Peter Lang • "Charting a Path in courses. Inf. on their NY 10021, 202/745- Publishers, 29 Broadway, U.S. Education Reform" website, www.aypf.org 5476. www.tcf.org NYC, NY 10006, 212/ was a May 16, 2012 [13531] [13434] 647-7700 [13542] event, sponsored by the Woodrow Wilson Interna- • "Reforming Educa- • "The Public Sector • "Creating a Compre- tional Center for Schol- tion in Post-Katrina Jobs Crisis: Women and hensive System for ars' Program on America Louisiana," co-sponsored African Americans Hit Evaluating and Support- and the Global Economy. by the National Assn. of Hardest by Job Losses in ing Effective Teaching," Inf. from USStudies@ Black Journalists & the State and Local Govern- by Linda Darling- wilsoncenter.org [13484] New Orleans Assn. of ments," by Algernon Hammond (52 pp., May Black Journalists, was Austin, David Cooper & 2012), is available (no • "Weighing the held June 19, 2012 in Mary Gable (May 2012), price listed) from the Evidence: A Conversa- New Orleans. Inf. from is available (no price Stanford Center for tion with Community Dr. Andre Perry, 504/ listed) from the Economic Opportunity Policy in College Presidents on 865-2427, aperry@loyno. Policy Inst., 1333 H St. Education, Barnum Using Research to edu [13559] NW, #300, Wash., DC Center, 505 Lasuen Mall, Support Student Success 20005, 202/775-8810, Stanford, CA 94305, 650/ Outcomes," organized by • "Improving Educa- [email protected] [13450] 725-8600. [13549] the American Youth tion Through Account- Policy Forum & National ability and Evaluation: • "Increasing Employ- • "Preserving the Center for Postsecondary Lessons from Around the ment Stability and Public in Public Research, was held May World," sponsored by the Earnings for Low-Wage Schools," by Phil Boyle 18 on Capitol Hill. Inf. Association for Public Workers" (May 2012) is & Del Burns (180 pp., from AYPF, 202/775- Policy Analysis and available (possibly free) Oct. 2011, $24.95), has 9731, www.aypf.org Management & the Univ. from MDRC, 16 E. 34 been published by [13463] of Maryland School of St., NYC, NY 10016- Rowman & Littlefield. Public Policy, will take 4326, 212/532-3200, [13550] • "Diverse Charter place Oct. 3-5, 2012 in www.mdrc.org [13502] Schools: Can Racial and Rome, Italy. Diane • Freedom's Teacher: Socioeconomic Integra- Ravitch and Helen Ladd • "Improving Employ- The Life of Septima tion Promote Better are among the confirmed ment and Earnings for Clark, by Katherine Outcomes for Students?" speakers. The deadline TANF Recipients" is Melten Charron (462 pp., was a May 30, 2012 for submission of ab- available (possibly free) 2012, $29.65), has been Forum, co-sponsored by stracts is July 9. Inf.from from MDRC, 16 E. 34 published by Univ. N. The Century Foundation Improving_education@ St., NYC, NY 10016- Carolina Press [13557] & PRRAC. Among the invalsi.it [13533] 4326, 212/532-3200, panelists: Richard www.mdrc.org [13504] • "Building Commu- Kahlenberg, Sheryll nity Support for Urban Cashin of the Georgetown Employment/ • The Kalmanovitz Student Success" was the Law faculty and a PRRAC Initiative for Labor and 5th Annual National Bd. member, Philip Labor/Jobs the Working Poor at Summit, Great Teachers Tegeler. Info. from Policy Georgetown Univ. has for Our City Schools, Halley Potter, labor-related courses, a April 11-13, 2012 in [email protected] [13472] • "Need Not Apply: practitioner fellowship Denver. Inf. from Natl. The Racial Disparate program, and a Working Conf. of State Legisla- • "Increasing the Impact of Pre-Employ- Lives Oral History tures, 303/364-7700 Impact of Federal and ment Criminal Back- Project. Contact them at [13486] State Investments in ground Checks," by 209 Maguire Hall, Early Childhood Educa- Roberto Concepcion, Jr., Georgetown Univ., 37th • "Parent Power: A tion" took place June 1, is a 24-page article in the & O Sts. NW, Wash., DC Film & Panel on Effec- 2012, sponsored by the Spring 2012 Georgetown 20037, 202/687-2293. tive Organizing for Center for American Journal on Poverty Law [13555] School Reform," spon- Progress. Inf. from and Policy. [13432] sored by the Center for events@americanprogress. • "The Future of Education Organizing at org [13552] • Why Labor Organiz- Labor Organizing" was a the Annenberg Inst. for ing Should Be a Civil June 4 Century Founda- School Reform, was held • "Dual Enrollment: Right: Rebuilding a tion Forum, featuring, May 9, 2012 at the Latest Research and Middle-Class Democracy among others, Richard Capitol Visitors Center. Policy Development" was by Enhancing Worker Kahlenberg, Amy Dean, Inf. from the Natl. Coal. a June 12, 2012 webinar Voice, by Richard D. Tom Geoghegan & Bob for Parent Involvement in held by American Youth Kahlenberg & Moshe Z. Herbert. Inf. from Education, admin@ Policy Forum, on pro- Marvit (150 pp., 2012), [email protected] [13466] 12 • Poverty & Race • Vol. 21, No. 4 • July/August 2012 • “Workplace Restruc- • "Ideas for Refining 312/368-2675, Highlight Need to turing and the ‘New Children's Savings www.povertylaw. org Identify, Access, and Normal’: The Informal Account Proposals" (10 [13496] Reduce Inefficiencies" is Economy, Non-Standard pp., Jan. 2012), by a May, 2012 GAO report: Work and Low-Income William Elliott, is http://www.gov/products/ Women,” by Marcia Bok available (possibly free) Health GAO-12-491. [13529] (33 pp., 2012[?]), is from the New America available (free) from the Foundation, 1899 L St. • "Advocating for • "Foreclosed Future, author, 193 Girard Ave., NW, #400, Wash., DC Children's Health Care Part 1: The Impact of Hartford, CT 06105, 20036, 202/986-2700. Coverage in Tumultuous Homelessness on a [email protected] [13546] Times," an April 2012 Student's Education" was brief, is available (no a March 24, 2012 • "The Case for price listed) from webinar held by the Environment Extending Financial Mathematica Policy Alliance for Excellent Inclusion to Children: Research, PO Box 2393, Education & the National • AAPI Nexus, pub- The Role of Parents' Princeton, NJ 08543- Assn. for the Education of lished by UCLA's Asian Financial Resources and 2393, 609/799-3535, Homeless Children and American Studies Center Implications for Policy info@mathematica- Youth. Inf. from the (until recently headed by Innovations," by Terri mpr.com [13447] Alliance, 1201 Conn., PRRAC Bd. member Don Friedline (21 pp., May Ave., NW, Wash., DC Nakanishi) is devoting a 2012), is available • "The Affordable 20036, 202/828-0828, forthcoming special issue (possibly free) from the Care Act's Coverage [email protected], to "AAPIs and the New America Founda- Expansions Will Reduce www.all4ed.org [13459] Environment." Letter of tion, 1899 L St. NW, Differences in Intent to submit a manu- #400, Wash., DC 20036, Uninsurance by Race and • "Welcome Home: script due by July 9, 202/986-2700. [13547] Ethnicity," by Lisa The Rise of Tent Cities 2012. Inf. from Melanie Clemans-Cope, Genevieve in the United States" was De La Cruz-Viesca at the • American Youth M. Kenney, Matthew a May 22, 2012 webinar Center, 3230 Campbell Policy Forum has a Buettgens, Caitlin Carroll held by the National Law Hall, LA, CA 90095, brand new website. & Fredric Blavin (10 Center on Homelessness 310/206-7738, Contact them at 1836 pp.), appeared in the May & Poverty. Inf. from [email protected] Jefferson Pl. NW, Wash., 2012 (31:5) issue of them, 1411 K St., NW, [13556] DC 20036, 202/775- Health Affairs, www. #1400, Wash., DC 9731, [email protected] healthaffairs.org [13480] 20005, 202/635-2535, [13445] www.nlchp.org [13471] Families/ Homelessness • "Homeless Veterans Women/ Food/ and Rental Housing: Children • "New Jersey Faces Supportive Housing Nutrition/ New Poverty: Rising Programs to End • "The Moynihan Hunger Family Homelessness in Homelessness" was a June Report and Its After- Bergen County," a 4- 13, 2012 Webinar hosted maths: A Critical • "Hunger in America: page, Nov. 2011 policy by the National Housing Analysis," by Herbert J. Suffering We All Pay brief, is available (possi- Conference. Inf. from Gans, appeared in DuBois For," by Donald S. bly free) from the Insti- Emily Salomon, 202/466- Review (2011), pp. 315- Shepard, Elizabeth Setren tute for Children, Poverty 2121, x239, esalomon@ 27. Reprint may be & Donna Cooper (Oct. & Homelessness, 44 nhc.org [13511] available from Prof. Gans, 2011), is available Cooper Sq., NYC, NY Dept. Sociology, Colum- (possibly free) from the 10003, 202/358-8086, bia Univ., Knox Hall, Center for American www.ICPHusa.org Housing 606 W. 122 St., MC9649, Progress, 1333 H St. NW, [13483] NYC, NY 10027, 10th flr., Wash., DC • "Where Has All the [email protected] 20005, 202/682-1611, • "Homeless Incidence Towers Gone? The [13464] www.americanprogress.org and Risk Factors for Dismantling of Public [13494] Becoming Homeless in Housing in U.S. Cities," • "Profiles of Risk: Veterans" is a 61-page, by Edward Goetz, appears Child Care" is a 4-page • "Does the Local Food July[?] 2012 Veterans in Vol. 33, No. 3 of the May 2012 Research Brief, Movement Help or Hurt Adm. report, available at Journal of Urban Affairs. available (possibly free) Low-Income Ameri- http://va.gov/oig/publica- The 21-page article study from the Inst. for Chil- cans?" was a June 20, tions/reports-list.asp won the "Best Article" dren, Poverty & 2012 Webinar sponsored [13509] award at the Urban Homelessness, 44 Cooper by the Sargent Shriver Affairs Association's Sq., NYC, NY 10003, National Center on • "Homelessness: recent annual meeting. 212/358-8086, www. Poverty Law. Inf. from Fragmentation and Likely the author can get ICPH.usa.org [13499] Michelle Nicolet there, Overlap in Programs you a copy: egoetz@

Poverty & Race • Vol. 21, No. 4 • July/August 2012 • 13 umn.edu [13440] 502/584-6858. [13487] Inf. from Resident Miscellaneous [email protected] • "Housing & Land: A • "Overcoming [13460] • Warfare Welfare: The Need for Transformative Structural Barriers to Not-So-Hidden Costs of Demands" is a 5-page, Integrated Housing: A • "The AIDS 2012 America's Permanent May 2012 Right to the Back-to-the-Future International Leadership War Economy, eds. City's Transformative Reflection on the Fair Summit on Housing," co- Marcus Raskin & Demands Working Paper Housing Act's 'Affirma- sponsored by the U.S. (PRRAC SSAB member) No. 1, available (possibly tively Further' Man- National AIDS Housing Gregory D. Squires (277 free) from Tony Romano, date," by Robert G. Coalition & the Ontario pp., 2012, $32.95), has 404/593-5227, tony@ Schwemm (53 pp.), HIV Treatment Network, been published by righttothecity.org [13444] appeared in will be held July 21, 2012 Potomac Books. In 2 100KyL.J.8125 (2011- in Washington, DC. Inf. Sections: The Wars • Rats, Riots, and 2012). [13526] from the U.S. organiza- Abroad & The Wars at Revolution: Black tion, 727 15th St. NW, Home. Among the Housing in the 1960s, by • "Expanding Our #210, Wash., DC 20005, authors of the 12 chap- Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor Understanding of the www.hivhousing ters: Harold Laski, John (Jan. 2013, $16), will be Housing Challenges summit.org [13491] Dewey, Seymour published by Haymarket Facing Low-Income Melman, W.E.B. DuBois. Books, PO Box 180165, Renters - Moving • The National Commu- www.potomacbooksinc.com Chicago, IL 60618, 773/ Forward" (May 2012), is nity Land Trust Confer- [13433] 583-7884, www. available (likely free) ence 2012 will be held in haymarketbooks.org from the Center for Burlington, VT Sept. 10- • The Ohio Story [13452] Housing Policy, 1900 M 13, 2012. Inf. from Project, called Ohio St. NW, #200, Wash., DC www.cltnetwork.org SPEAKS, has been started • Fair and Affordable 20036, 202/466-2121, by a broad coalition of Housing in the US: [email protected] [13554] Ohio advocates to collect/ Trends, Outcomes, Future Immigration highlight stories that Directions, eds. Robert • HUD Secretary demonstrate the positive Mark Silverman & Kelly Shaun Donovan’s address • "Access Denied: The impact of public support L. Patterson (2012[?], to PRRAC's June 12, Unfulfilled Promise of the programs on the state's $28), has been published 2012 National Confer- D.C. Language Access most vulnerable residents by Haymarket Books, PO ence on Assisted Housing Act" (May [?] 2012, 46 and their communities— Box 180165, Chicago, IL Mobility can be found at pp.) has been published by they hope to educate 60618, 773/583-7884, http://www/ustream.tv/ the Washington College of lawmakers, the media and www.haymarketbooks.org channel/urban-institute- Law Immigrant Justice the public about health [13456] events [13560] Clinic and the DC Lan- and human services guage Access Coalition. program that strengthen • "Opening the Door to •"Adequate Housing— Available (no price listed) families and communities. the Human Right to Rights, Practices, and from the Law College, Inf. from wpetrik@ Housing," by Eric Tars & Possibilities" was a talk 4801 Mass. Ave. NW, advocatesforohio.org Dodona Bhatpara (11 given at HUD, June 4, Wash., DC 20016, www. [13442] pp.), appeared in the 2012, by Christopher dclanguageaccess.org Sept./Oct. 2011 issue of Williams, Director of the [13458] • Bolder Advocacy is a Clearinghouse Review- Washington Liaison new online resource Journal of Poverty Law Office of the United • A Midwestern Mosaic: center established by The and Policy, 50 E. Wash- Nations Human Settle- Immigration and Political Alliance for Justice—"a ington St., #500, Chi- ments Programme, UN- Socialization in Rural comprehensive approach cago, IL 60602. Reprints Habitat. Inf. From America, by J. Celeste Lay to training and equipping may be available from TuesdaySpeaker (2012), has been published nonprofits and founda- authors, 202/638-2535, [email protected] [13525] by Temple Univ. Press, tions to be effective in [email protected], 207/ 800/621-2736. [13495] their work by better 266-7774, deodonne@ • "Resident Training understanding the laws gmail.com [13485] Academy" on the basics • "Reimagining the and regulations govern- of HUD's rental housing Immigration Court ing organizations en- • "Louisville's Foreclo- programs, presented by Assembly Line: Transfor- gaged in advocacy.” Inf. sure Recovery: Under- the National Housing mative Change for the from [email protected], standing and Responding Law Project, is offered in Immigration Justice BolderAdvocacy.org to the Impact of Foreclo- 5 Sessions, 4 of which System" is a 108-page, [13473] sure Sales" (10 pp., will have taken place by 2012 Appleseed report: 2012[?]) is available the time this issue of P&R 727 15th St. NW, Wash., • Agewise: Fighting the (possibly free) from the arrives. (The 5th, "En- DC 20005, lflamm@ New Ageism in America, Metropolitan Housing forcement Tools for appleseednetwork.org by Margaret Morganroth Coalition, PO Box 4533, Residents," will take [13532] Gullette (294 pp., 2011), Louisville, KY 40204, place July 10 and 12.) has been published by

14 • Poverty & Race • Vol. 21, No. 4 • July/August 2012 Univ. of Chicago Press. Vulnerable Populations Job Fund is seeking a Com- [13507] after the Cameras Have Opportunities/ munity Organizer in its Gone: A Worldwide Criminal Justice Project. • The Price of Inequal- Study, ed. Adenrele Fellowships/ Resume/ltr. to ity: How Today's Divided Awotona, has been Grants [email protected], Society Endangers Our published by Cambridge [13465] Future, by Joseph E. Scholars Publishing. • The Center for Law Stiglitz (414 pp., 2012), [13558] • The Baltimore and Social Policy has been published by Development Corp., a (headed by PRRAC Norton. [13523] • "To a Realistic and 501(c)(3) solely con- founding Bd. member Effective Progressivism: tracted with Baltimore Alan Houseman) is • "The American After Economism and City to provide economic seeking a Communica- Middle Class, Income Governmentalism" is an development services, is tions Director. Resume/ Inequality, and the article, in draft form, by seeking a President/CEO. writing sample/refs./ltr. to Strength of Our PRRAC Bd. member S.M. Resume to Betsy communicationsdir@ Economy: New Evidence Miller; available from McCafferty, Gans, Gans clasp.org, www.clasp.prg in Economics," by him at [email protected] & Associates, 7445 Quail [13431] Heather Boushey & Adam [13561] Meadow Rd., Plant City, S. Hersh (52 pp., May FL 33565, 813/986-4441, • The National 2012), is available • "The Politics of x7123, [13535] Women's Law Center (possibly free) from the Inequality" was a New (co-directed by former Center for American America Foundation • Assistant Attorney PRRAC Bd. member Progress, 1333 H St. NW, event held May 30, 2012. General, NY State AG, Nancy Duff Campbell) is 10th flr., Wash., DC Featured speakers Div. of Social Justice- seeing a recent law 20005, 202/682-1611, included Timothy Noah Civil Rights Bureau: graduate as an Education www.americanprogress.org and David Corn. Inf. Ltr./resume/writing and Employment Paid [13524] from Stephanie Gunter, sample/3 refs./law school Fellow. Sept. 2012 202/596-3367, transcript if less than 5 starting date. Ltr./ • Occupy the Economy: [email protected] yrs. post-graduate to: transcript/writing sample/ Challenging Capitalism, [13538] Sandra Jefferson 3 supervisory refs. to by Richard Wolff (190 Grannum, Office of NYS [email protected] pp., 2012, $14.95), has • The Opportunity Atty. Gen., 120 Broad- or fax hard copy to 202/ been published by City Finance Network is way, NYC, NY 10271, 588-5185. The Center is Lights, 261 Columbus holding its annual [email protected]. located in Wash., DC. Ave., SF, CA 94133, conference Oct. 15-18, Include position and Ref. [13437] 415/362-8193. [13541] 2012 in San Antonio. Inf. No. CRI_AAG_NYC from donnafabiani@ _2012 [13539] • The NAACP Legal • Rebuilding Sustain- opportunityfinance.net Defense & Educational able Communities with [13548]

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POVERTY & RACE RESEARCH ACTION COUNCIL Board of Directors/Staff

CHAIR Janis Bowdler S.M. Miller Philip Tegeler John Charles Boger National Council The Commonwealth Institute President/Executive Director University of North Carolina of La Raza Cambridge, MA School of Law Washington, DC Don Nakanishi Chester Hartman Director of Research Chapel Hill, NC John Brittain University of California University of the District Los Angeles, CA Megan Haberle of Columbia School of VICE-CHAIR Dennis Parker Policy Counsel José Padilla Law American Civil Liberties California Rural Legal Washington, DC Union Gina Chirichigno Assistance Sheryll Cashin New York, NY Co-Director San Francisco, CA Georgetown University Anthony Sarmiento One Nation Indivisible Law Center Senior Service America SECRETARY Washington, DC Silver Spring, MD Ebony Gayles john powell Craig Flournoy Theodore Shaw Law & Policy Fellow Haas Center for Diversity Southern Methodist Columbia Law School & Inclusion University New York, NY Samantha Hodges University of California- Dallas, TX Brian Smedley Emerson National Berkeley Damon Hewitt Health Policy Institute Hunger Fellow Berkeley, CA NAACP Legal Defense Joint Center for Political and and Educational Economic Studies Sheila Ramesh TREASURER Fund, Inc. Washington, DC Law & Policy Intern Spence Limbocker New York, NY Catherine Tactaquin Neighborhood Funders Olati Johnson National Network for Meghan Hottel Group Columbia Law School Immigrant & Refugee Rights Law & Policy Intern Annandale, VA New York, NY Oakland, CA Elizabeth Julian Camille Holmes Wood Gregory Groves Inclusive Communities National Legal Aid & Policy Intern Project Defender Assn. Jasmine Cashin Dallas, TX Washington, DC Policy Intern Demetria McCain [Organizations listed for Inclusive Communities identification purposes only] Project Dallas, TX