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ODISHA REVIEW VOL. LXX NO. 11 JUNE - 2014 PRADEEP KUMAR JENA, I.A.S. Principal Secretary PRADIPTA KUMAR MOHAPATRA, O.A.S.(SAG) Director DR. LENIN MOHANTY Editor Editorial Assistance Production Assistance Bibhu Chandra Mishra Debasis Pattnaik Bikram Maharana Sadhana Mishra Cover Design & Illustration D.T.P. & Design Manas Ranjan Nayak Hemanta Kumar Sahoo Photo Raju Singh Manoranjan Mohanty The Odisha Review aims at disseminating knowledge and information concerning Odisha’s socio-economic development, art and culture. Views, records, statistics and information published in the Odisha Review are not necessarily those of the Government of Odisha. Published by Information & Public Relations Department, Government of Odisha, Bhubaneswar - 751001 and Printed at Odisha Government Press, Cuttack - 753010. For subscription and trade inquiry, please contact : Manager, Publications, Information & Public Relations Department, Loksampark Bhawan, Bhubaneswar - 751001. Five Rupees / Copy E-mail : [email protected] Visit : http://odisha.gov.in Contact : 9937057528(M) CONTENTS Daru Brahman - A Conceptual Reference in Bhagavad Gita Prof. A.V.P.R. Rao ... 1 The History of Car Festival Prabhat Kumar Nanda ... 4 Antiquity of Jagannathism Dr. Saroj Kumar Panda ... 7 Lord Jagannath : The Revered God of Bliss Parikshit Mishra ... 9 Chakra, The Symbol of Eternity and Sudarshan Chakra Dr. Srinivas Acharya ... 12 Shree Jagannath and Maa Laxmi Durga Madhab Dash ... 15 Significance in Worship of Purushottam Jagannath Padmanabha Mahapatra ... 20 Musical Symphony in Shree Jagannath Temple Dr. Jayanti Rath ... 23 Perspective of Pluralism and the Pantheon of Diversity: A Cultural Analysis of Jagannath Cult Dr. Tapan R. Mohanty ... 25 Tradition of Devadasi : A Conceptual Framework in India and Abroad Dr. Purna Chandra Mishra ... 33 Mystic Phenomena of the Temple of Lord Jagannath Somanath Khuntia ... 37 Administration of the Shri Jagannath Temple under Marathas and British Rule Mahimohan Tripathy ... 46 Lord Sri Sudarsan Balakrishna Dash ... 53 Shree Jagannatha in the Writings of Ganakabi Baishnab Pani Sarojini Pani ... 55 Pilgrim Management in the Sacred City of Puri Dr. Bhaskar Mishra ... 57 Foreign Accounts on the Car Festival of Puri Dr. Jayanti Mohanty ... 60 New Light on the Date of the Construction of the Temple of Purusottama-Jagannatha of Puri Kailash Chandra Dash ... 63 Purushottama Kshetra : The Sacred Shrine of Hindu World Dr. Janmejay Choudhury ... 70 Patita Pavana Temple at Ottarasasana : A Study on Art and Architecture Dr. Ratnakar Mohapatra ... 74 Daily Rituals of Baladevjew Temple of Kendrapara : An Overview Balaram Lenka ... 78 Soteriological Appeal in Salabega’s Songs Dr. Bibhudutt Das ... 82 Lord Buddha in the Cult of Lord Jagannath Abhimanyu Dash ... 85 Purusottama Sri Jagannath and Universal Religion Damodar Pradhani ... 90 Puri Rath Yatra Sashibhusan Rath ... 98 Puri :A Study of Early Trade and Pilgrim Routes Dr. Sunil Kumar Patnaik ... 103 Offering Shyam Prakash Senapati ... 109 Bhairabi - Jagannatha Kshetra Dr. Prafulla Ch. Mohanty ... 110 Journey into Eternity Bhagaban Jayasingh ... 114 Chaitanya's Panchasakha and Lord Jagannath Dr. Dina Krishna Joshi ... 115 20th Century's Last Nabakalebara : The Best Managed One Asit Mohanty ... 120 Shree Jagannath: The Lord of the Universe Dr. Sarbeswar Sena ... 127 Salbeg, You are Really Great ! Er. Raghunath Patra ... 131 King of Kings Chinmaya Vibek Trans.Dr. Janmejay Dwibedi ... 132 Good Governance ... 133 Salabeg : A Renowned Saint Poet of Odisha Dr Mohammed Yamin ... 141 Lord Jagannath, the Deity of Mankind Om Prakash ... 146 Krishna Tattwa in Srikshetra Srimandir Dr. Ramakanta Kar ... 152 A line of Trust for you….My God, “Lord Jagannath” Archana Kanungo ... 154 Come Back Krishna Bharati Nayak ... 155 The Ultimate Way of Salvation Abhaya Kumar Jena ... 156 Patitapaban - The Reformer Supreme Rajat Kumar Kar ... 156 Rathe Tu Bamanam Drustwa Dinabandhu Rath ... 157 Classical Odia Language in the Digital Age Subhashish Panigrahi ... 158 Evolving Paradigms in Odisha State Finance: An Empirical Analysis Dr. Asit Mohanty ... 161 Raghu Arakshita and Sri Jagannath Dinabandhu Pradhan ... 175 Chariot Dr. Kishore ... 180 THE PARTS OF A CHARIOT 32 34 33 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 23 24 22 21 19 18 20 16 11 15 14 13 10 9 17 8 12 5 7 4 6 2 3 1 (1) Chaka or the wheels (2) Dandia (3) Ara (4) Banki (5) Hansa Pata (6) Kani (7) Sankha-dwara (8) Jali (9) Gaipata (10) Singhasana (11) Kanak Mundai (12) Bhumi (13) Sola Nahaka (14) Makara Danda (15) Basanta (16) Duar Ghoda (17) Sarathi Pida (18) Kumbha Pati (19) Rahu Pati (20) Athanahaka (21) Banki (22) Pida (23) Rusi Pata (24) Danda (25) Para Bhadi (26) Khapuri (27) Pada (28) Olata Sua (29) Dadhi Nauti (30) Kalasa (31) Kasthi (32) Danda (33) Chakra (34) Copi Ketana or the flag. SANKHA KSHETRA 1. Balabhadra,Jagannatha, 29. Vaikuntheswara 58. Prahari Hanuman 87. Vilweswara Subhadra & Sudarsan 30. Yagnyaswari 59. Dakhinadwar (S.gate) 88. Siddha Hanuman 2. Khetreswari Vimala 31. Isaneswar 60. Durgamadhava 89. Indradyumna Teertha 3 Mahalaxmi 32. Sitaia Devi 61. Mangaleswari 90. Nilakantheswara 4. Uttar Durga 33. Pakasala 62. Paschimadwar(W.gate) 91. Adinrusingha 5. Bata Mangala 34. Dakhineswara 63. Uttardwar (N.gate) 92. Gundicha Mandapa 6. Garuda Stamva 35. Kundaleswara 64. Sri Lokanath 93. Mausima 7. Bhoga Mandap 36. Ram Chaitanya Temple 65. Rameswara 94. Marchika Devi 8. Kalpabrukhya 37. Baravai Hanuman 66. Kandunursingha 95. Charchika Devi 9. Rohini Kunda 38. Nirmalya Hanuman 67. Kandu Asrama 96. Sodasha Putri 10. Bata Ganesh 39. Alaka Batika 68. Nikumvilabata 97. Narayani 11. Uchsta Ganapati 40. Chakra Narayan 69. Harachandi 98. Angirasrama 12. Sri Saraswati Devi 41. Rameswar 70. Chamundeswari 99. Angirabata 13. Nabagraha 42. Chaturdhama 71. Banadurga 100. Dakhina Kali 14. Konark Suryadev 43. Kanapata Hanuman 72. Basheli 101. Ugreswarashrama 15. Padapadma 44. Niladri Vihari 73. Kapalmochana 102. Swetaganga 16. Yagnyabata 45. Bavabyeswara 74. Manikarnika Teertha 103. Muktisila 17. Angeswar 46. Sialilata 75. Ghatamangala 104. Adisankara Pitha 18. Indranidevi 47. Koili Vaikuntha 76. Vagabati 105. Swargadwara 19. Khetrapala 48. Tapaswi Hanuman 77. Markandeswara 106. Varahi Devi 20. Swana Vairabi 49. Survarnakupa 78. Markandeya Teertha 107. Shyama Kali 21. Mukteswari 50. Ananda Bazar 79. Saptamatruka 108. Bedi Hanuman 22. Chstrakali 51. Devasnana Mandapa 80. Alamba Devi 109. Chakra Teertha 23. Batamarkandeya 52. Meghanada Prachira 81. Atharnala 110. Chakra Narayan 24. Katyayani 53. Singhadwara (E.gate) 82. Makardhwaj Hanuman 111. Mahodadhi Tirtha 25. Gopeewara 54. Aruna Sthamva 83. Vargavi River 112. Jagannatha Ballava 26. Beda Kali 55. Badachhata Math 84. Mukteswara 113. Kashi Biswanatha 27. Pataleswara 56. Chhauni Math 85. Bata Mangala 114. Visweswari 28. Bhubaneswari 57. Pejanala 86. Kapoteswara 115. Narendra Sarovar Editor’s Note For ages, the Grand Temple of Lord Jagannath at Puri has been treated as one of the holy places of our country. It has commanded the reverence of pilgrims and scholars from around the world. Puri, also known as Purushottam Kshetra, has been acclaimed as one of the four Dhams of the country. Situated on the east coast of the country and overlooking the sea the huge temple of Lord Jagannath has been, through ages, transmitting the message of love, universal brotherhood and self perfection which comprises the highest goal of life. Jagannath cult is vivacious and greatest philosophy ever known to mankind. Lord Jagannath is a symbol and forever remains the message of love, truth and tolerance. The Rath Yatra is a grand culmination of a series of celebrations spread over summer and monsoon months. On the 2nd of bright fortnight of the month of Ashadha the deities come out of the temple in a spectacular procession called Pahandi. The deities adorned with Tahias are pulled in rhythmic moment to the beat of cymbals and chanting of the names of the holy Trinity in chorus by the devotees in frenzied ecstasy. After the deities are seated on Their respective chariots starts the Chhera Panhara by the Gajapati Maharaja. The most exciting part is the pulling of the chariots by lakhs of people along Bada Danda, the Grand Road. The chariots move slowly until they reach the Gundicha temple where the deities rest for a night adorned with Dasavatar costumes. They enter the Gundicha temple in the next day morning in the usual Pahandi style and stay there for 7 days. On the 10th day of bright fortnight of Ashadha, the return of chariots or the Bahuda Yatra takes place. The three chariots pulled by lakhs of devotees reach the Simhadwar. The next day the deities are attired in the costumes of glittering gold which is known as Sunabesha. After completion of certain rites on the Rath like “Adharapana”, the deities go back to Ratna Simhasana on the Dwadashi day which is popularly known as “Niladri Bije’’. Their arrival to the sanctum sanctorum marks the end of Rath Yatra, the grand festival of chariots. The whole world eagerly awaits the periodical renewal of the wooden body- divine of the deities named as Navakalevar to be held in 2015. According to Hindu Religion, the body is perishable and takes another form after death but the soul is immortal. Thus, the ceremony is unique in many respects in term of Hindu religious worship. It involves the total replacement of the images with new ones and the discarded images are given a divine burial in Koili Baikuntha in the precinct of Sri Jagannath temple. The Navakalevar ritual which is an important part of Jagannath
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  • The Lord and His Land

    The Lord and His Land

    Orissa Review * June - 2006 The Lord and His Land Dr. Nishakar Panda He is the Lord of Lords. He is Jagannath. He century. In Rajabhoga section of Madala Panji, is Omniscient, Omnipotent and Omnipresent. Lord Jagannatha has been described as "the He is the only cult, he is the only religion, he king of the kingdom of Orissa", "the master is the sole sect. All sects, all 'isms', all beliefs or the lord of the land of Orissa" and "the god and all religions have mingled in his eternal of Orissa". Various other scriptures and oblivion. He is Lord Jagannatha. And for narrative poems composed by renowned poets Orissa and teeming millions of Oriyas are replete with such descriptions where He is the nerve centre. The Jagannatha has been described as the institution of Jaganatha sole king of Orissa. influences every aspect of the life in Orissa. All spheres of Basically a Hindu our activities, political, deity, Lord Jagannatha had social, cultural, religious and symbolized the empire of economic are inextricably Orissa, a collection of blended with Lord heterogeneous forces and Jagannatha. factors, the individual or the dynasty of the monarch being A Political Prodigy : the binding force. Thus Lord Lord Jaganatha is always Jagannatha had become the and for all practical proposes national deity (Rastra Devata) deemed to be the supreme besides being a strong and monarch of the universe and the vivacious force for integrating Kings of Orissa are regarded as His the Orissan empire. But when the representatives. In yesteryears when Orissa empire collapsed, Lord Jagannatha had been was sovereign, the kings of the sovereign state seen symbolizing a seemingly secular force of had to seek the favour of Lord Jaganatha for the Oriya nationalism.