Epigraphic Bulletin for Greek Religion
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Urban Planning in the Greek Colonies in Sicily and Magna Graecia
Urban Planning in the Greek Colonies in Sicily and Magna Graecia (8th – 6th centuries BCE) An honors thesis for the Department of Classics Olivia E. Hayden Tufts University, 2013 Abstract: Although ancient Greeks were traversing the western Mediterranean as early as the Mycenaean Period, the end of the “Dark Age” saw a surge of Greek colonial activity throughout the Mediterranean. Contemporary cities of the Greek homeland were in the process of growing from small, irregularly planned settlements into organized urban spaces. By contrast, the colonies founded overseas in the 8th and 6th centuries BCE lacked any pre-existing structures or spatial organization, allowing the inhabitants to closely approximate their conceptual ideals. For this reason the Greek colonies in Sicily and Magna Graecia, known for their extensive use of gridded urban planning, exemplified the overarching trajectory of urban planning in this period. Over the course of the 8th to 6th centuries BCE the Greek cities in Sicily and Magna Graecia developed many common features, including the zoning of domestic, religious, and political space and the implementation of a gridded street plan in the domestic sector. Each city, however, had its own peculiarities and experimental design elements. I will argue that the interplay between standardization and idiosyncrasy in each city developed as a result of vying for recognition within this tight-knit network of affluent Sicilian and South Italian cities. This competition both stimulated the widespread adoption of popular ideas and encouraged the continuous initiation of new trends. ii Table of Contents: Abstract. …………………….………………………………………………………………….... ii Table of Contents …………………………………….………………………………….…….... iii 1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………..……….. 1 2. -
Cult of Isis
Interpreting Early Hellenistic Religion PAPERS AND MONOGRAPHS OF THE FINNISH INSTITUTE AT ATHENS VOL. III Petra Pakkanen INTERPRETING EARL Y HELLENISTIC RELIGION A Study Based on the Mystery Cult of Demeter and the Cult of Isis HELSINKI 1996 © Petra Pakkanen and Suomen Ateenan-instituutin saatiO (Foundation of the Finnish Institute at Athens) 1996 ISSN 1237-2684 ISBN 951-95295-4-3 Printed in Greece by D. Layias - E. Souvatzidakis S.A., Athens 1996 Cover: Portrait of a priest of Isis (middle of the 2nd to middle of the 1st cent. BC). American School of Classical Studies at Athens: Agora Excavations. Inv. no. S333. Photograph Craig Mauzy. Sale: Bookstore Tiedekirja, Kirkkokatu 14, FIN-00170 Helsinki, Finland Contents Acknowledgements I. Introduction 1. Problems 1 2. Cults Studied 2 3. Geographical Confines 3 4. Sources and an Evaluation of Sources 5 11. Methodology 1. Methodological Approach to the History of Religions 13 2. Discussion of Tenninology 19 3. Method for Studying Religious and Social Change 20 Ill. The Cults of Demeter and Isis in Early Hellenistic Athens - Changes in Religion 1. General Overview of the Religious Situation in Athens During the Early Hellenistic Period: Typology of Religious Cults 23 2. Cult of Demeter: Eleusinian Great Mysteries 29 3. Cult of Isis 47 Table 1 64 IV. Problem of the Mysteries 1. Definition of the Tenn 'Mysteries' 65 2. Aspects of the Mysteries 68 3. Mysteries in Athens During the Early Hellenistic Period and a Comparison to Those of Rome in the Third Century AD 71 4. Emergence of the Mysteries ofIsis in Greece 78 Table 2 83 V. -
Manual of Mythology
^93 t.i CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY GIFT OF HENRY BEZIAT IN MEMORY OF ANDRE AND KATE BRADLEY BEZIAT 1944 Cornell University Library BL310 .M98 1893 and Rom No Manual of mythology. Greek « Cornell University S Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924029075542 'f' liiiiiliilM^^ ^ M^ISTU^L MYTHOLOGY: GREEK AND ROMAN, NORSE, AND OLD GERMAN, HINDOO AND EGYPTIAN MYTHOLOGY. BY ALEXANDER S. MURRAY, DEPARTMENT OF GREEK AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES, BRITISH MUSEUM- REPRINTED FROM THE SECOND REVISED LONDON EDITION. •WITH 45 PLATES ON TINTED PAPER, REPRESENTING MORE THAN 90 MYTHOLOGICAL SUBJECTS. NEW YORK: CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, 1893. ; PUBLISHERS' NOTE. Murray's Manual of Mythology has been known to the American public thus far only through the English edition. As originally published, the work was deficient in its account of the Eastern and Northern Mythology; but with these imperfections it secured a sale in this country which proved that it more nearly supplied the want which had long been felt of a compact hand-book in this study than did any other similar work. The preface to the second English edition indicates the important additions to, and changes which have been made in, the original work. Chapters upon the North- ern and Eastern Mythology have been supplied ; the descrip- tions of many of the Greek deities have been re-written accounts of the most memorable works of art, in which each deity is or was represented, have been added ; and a number iii IV PUBLISHERS NOTE. -
Kretan Cult and Customs, Especially in the Classical and Hellenistic Periods: a Religious, Social, and Political Study
i Kretan cult and customs, especially in the Classical and Hellenistic periods: a religious, social, and political study Thesis submitted for degree of MPhil Carolyn Schofield University College London ii Declaration I, Carolyn Schofield, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been acknowledged in the thesis. iii Abstract Ancient Krete perceived itself, and was perceived from outside, as rather different from the rest of Greece, particularly with respect to religion, social structure, and laws. The purpose of the thesis is to explore the bases for these perceptions and their accuracy. Krete’s self-perception is examined in the light of the account of Diodoros Siculus (Book 5, 64-80, allegedly based on Kretan sources), backed up by inscriptions and archaeology, while outside perceptions are derived mainly from other literary sources, including, inter alia, Homer, Strabo, Plato and Aristotle, Herodotos and Polybios; in both cases making reference also to the fragments and testimonia of ancient historians of Krete. While the main cult-epithets of Zeus on Krete – Diktaios, associated with pre-Greek inhabitants of eastern Krete, Idatas, associated with Dorian settlers, and Kretagenes, the symbol of the Hellenistic koinon - are almost unique to the island, those of Apollo are not, but there is good reason to believe that both Delphinios and Pythios originated on Krete, and evidence too that the Eleusinian Mysteries and Orphic and Dionysiac rites had much in common with early Kretan practice. The early institutionalization of pederasty, and the abduction of boys described by Ephoros, are unique to Krete, but the latter is distinct from rites of initiation to manhood, which continued later on Krete than elsewhere, and were associated with different gods. -
SUPPLEMENTARY SECTION 12,800 Years Ago, Hellas and the World on Fire and Flood Volker Joerg Dietrich, Evangelos Lagios and Gregor Zographos
SUPPLEMENTARY SECTION 12,800 years ago, Hellas and the World on Fire and Flood Volker Joerg Dietrich, Evangelos Lagios and Gregor Zographos Supplements 1 The Geotectonic Framework of the Pagasitic Gulf 1.1 Alpine Tectonic Structures 2 Surficial Cataclastic and Brittle Deformation 2.1 Macroscopic Scale (Breccia Outcrops) 2.1.1 Striation and Shatter Cones 2.2 Microscopic Scale 2.2.1 Planer Deformation in Quartz 2.2.2 Planer Deformation in Calcite 2.3 Metamorphic and Post-Alpine Hydrothermal Activity (Veining) 3 Geophysical Investigations of Pagasitic Gulf and Surrounding Areas Gravity Measurements and Modelling 1 The Geotectonic Framework of the Pagasitic Gulf The Geotectonic frame of the Pagasitic Gulf is best exposed in the sickle shaped Pelion Peninsula (Figs. 1&2) and applies to all mountain ranges and coastal areas around the gulf, which are part of the “Internal Alpine-Dinaride-Hellenide Orogen”. Fig. 1 Google Earth image of the Pagasitic Gulf – Mt. Pelio area; bathymetry according to Perissoratis et al. 1991; Korres et al. 2011; Petihakis et al. 2012. White Circle on the western side of the image: The Zerelia Twin-Lakes: Two Possible Meteorite Craters (Dietrich et al. 2017). 0 1.1 Alpine Tectonic Structures The internal structure of Pindos and Pelagonian thrust sheet units is extremely complex and has not yet been worked out in detail. In addition, towards north overthrust units of the Axios-Vardar realm cover the Pelagonian thrust sheets (Fig. 2). Fig. 2 Synthetic cross section through the Olympos region between the “External Hellenides” and the “Axios/Vardar tectonic nappe system” after Schenker et al. -
Epigraphic Bulletin for Greek Religion 1996
Kernos Revue internationale et pluridisciplinaire de religion grecque antique 12 | 1999 Varia Epigraphic Bulletin for Greek Religion 1996 Angelos Chaniotis, Joannis Mylonopoulos and Eftychia Stavrianopoulou Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/kernos/724 DOI: 10.4000/kernos.724 ISSN: 2034-7871 Publisher Centre international d'étude de la religion grecque antique Printed version Date of publication: 1 January 1999 Number of pages: 207-292 ISSN: 0776-3824 Electronic reference Angelos Chaniotis, Joannis Mylonopoulos and Eftychia Stavrianopoulou, « Epigraphic Bulletin for Greek Religion 1996 », Kernos [Online], 12 | 1999, Online since 13 April 2011, connection on 15 September 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/kernos/724 Kernos Kemos, 12 (1999), p. 207-292. Epigtoaphic Bulletin for Greek Religion 1996 (EBGR 1996) The ninth issue of the BEGR contains only part of the epigraphie harvest of 1996; unforeseen circumstances have prevented me and my collaborators from covering all the publications of 1996, but we hope to close the gaps next year. We have also made several additions to previous issues. In the past years the BEGR had often summarized publications which were not primarily of epigraphie nature, thus tending to expand into an unavoidably incomplete bibliography of Greek religion. From this issue on we return to the original scope of this bulletin, whieh is to provide information on new epigraphie finds, new interpretations of inscriptions, epigraphieal corpora, and studies based p;imarily on the epigraphie material. Only if we focus on these types of books and articles, will we be able to present the newpublications without delays and, hopefully, without too many omissions. -
Dedications to Double Deities Syncretism Or Simply Syntax?
Kernos Revue internationale et pluridisciplinaire de religion grecque antique 27 | 2014 Varia Dedications to Double Deities Syncretism or simply syntax? Jenny Wallensten Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/kernos/2278 DOI: 10.4000/kernos.2278 ISSN: 2034-7871 Publisher Centre international d'étude de la religion grecque antique Printed version Date of publication: 1 November 2014 Number of pages: 159-176 ISBN: 978-2-87562-055-2 ISSN: 0776-3824 Electronic reference Jenny Wallensten, « Dedications to Double Deities », Kernos [Online], 27 | 2014, Online since 01 October 2016, connection on 04 May 2019. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/kernos/2278 ; DOI : 10.4000/ kernos.2278 This text was automatically generated on 4 May 2019. Kernos Dedications to Double Deities 1 Dedications to Double Deities Syncretism or simply syntax? Jenny Wallensten AUTHOR'S NOTE I wish to thank the participants in the Third International Martin P. Nilsson Workshop on Greek Religion, In Search of Syncretism, for their valuable comments during the discussions. I am especially grateful to Dr. Maria Mili and Prof. Robert Parker, who commented on the manuscript in previous stages. The comments of the anonymous Kernos reviewers considerably improved the article and I thank them sincerely. Composite deities and syncretism 1 Among the myriads of deities represented in the Greek epigraphic corpus can be found what might be called composite or double deities. These can initially be divided into two basic categories: firstly, non-cross-cultural composites gods such as Hera Aphrodite of Sparta or Zeus Ares of Arcadia1 and secondly, “international” multi-cultural combinations such as for example Isis Aphrodite.2 The present article focuses on three Delian votive inscriptions honouring gods of the latter category, where deities of different cultures are combined.3 In one instance, more than two gods seem to be juxtaposed, and all three cases include not only divine names, but also cult epithets. -
TECTONIC GEOMORPHOLOGY of ESCARPMENTS: the CASES of KOMPOTADES and ΝΕΑ ANCHIALOS FAULTS Zovoili E., Konstantinidi E
Δελτίο της Ελληνικής Γεωλογικής Εταιρίας τομ. XXXVI, 2004 Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece vol. XXXVI, 2004 Πρακτικά 10°" Διεθνούς Συνεδρίου, Θεσ/νίκη Απρίλιος 2004 Proceedings of the 10lh International Congress, Thessaloniki, April 2004 TECTONIC GEOMORPHOLOGY OF ESCARPMENTS: THE CASES OF KOMPOTADES AND ΝΕΑ ANCHIALOS FAULTS Zovoili E., Konstantinidi E. and Koukouvelas I.K. Department of Geology, Division of Physical Marine Geology and Geodynamics, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece, [email protected] ABSTRACT Most active processes on the surface imply that tectonics and geomorphology converge in a way that landscape change may be used as a tectonic signal, given that erosion and weathering have been taken into account. We selected two faults, the Kompotades and the Nea Anchialos faults in the Sperchios and South Thessaly rift zones respectively, and we performed a morphometric analysis. This analysis comprises geomorphic indices that have been used successfully in studies of active tectonics, as the mountain front sinuosity index (Smf), stream gradient index (SL) and valley floor width to valley height ratio (Vf). At both studied mountain fronts, the Vf index ranged between 0,4 to 1,2, implying high uplift rates, while the Smf «1 index revealed relatively high tectonic activity, which decreases towards the west. On the other hand, the SL index though more sensitive to non-tectonic processes, (i.e. the rock resistance, stream length) is less indicative of tectonic activity. Based on the distribution of the geomorphic indices a two-fault strand model is suggested forming the mountain front in the two examples with the range-ward fault strand to be more appropriate for Kompotades fault and the basinward fault strand for Nea Anchialos fault. -
Roman Gems in the National Soares Dos Reis Museum in Oporto
STUDIES IN ANCIENT ART AND CIVILIZATION, VOL. 22 (2018) pp. 141-189, https://doi.org/10.12797/SAAC.22.2018.22.07 Graça Cravinho University of Lisbon ROMAN GEMS IN THE NATIONAL SOARES DOS REIS MUSEUM IN OPORTO Abstract: The 34 intaglios and cameos discussed in this paper are part of a collection of 136 gems (both Roman and Modern) we studied in 2002, with permission of the former Museum director, Mónica Baldaque, and the curator Fátima Macedo. Some of those gems are set in rings (no. 10 – Roman iron ring; no. 22 – medieval gold ring; no. 31 – modern gold ring; also 3 ceramic cameos depicting the Portuguese Queen Maria I – modern silver rings: inv. nos 74 CMP; 75 CMP and 174 MNSR) and 2 others in snuff boxes (1 ivory cameo and 1 Wedgwood cameo – inv. nos 37 MNSR and 31 MNSR, respectively). Besides them, the museum also holds a collection of 800 plaster seals. Among the types of these Roman gems, some deserve special attention: Marsyas (no. 6) – the only gem in the Portuguese Gem Corpus bearing this theme, as well as those of Athena Promachos (no. 7), Isis-Selene bust (no. 9), Socrates (no. 11), Diogenes (no. 14), eagle fighting a serpent (no. 17), shrimp and murex (no. 19), mouse (23) and confronted doves (no. 25). This last one, with its associated inscription, perhaps symbolizes the union of a couple by the bonds of matrimony. However, how did the scarab bearing a Centaur (no. 28) reach Portugal? Keywords: intaglio; cameo; re-use of gems; interpretatio graeca; wedding gem; military standards All of these 34 gems are of unknown origin. -
Either a Daimon, Or a Hero, Or Perhaps a God:” Mythical Residents of Subterranean Chambers
Kernos Revue internationale et pluridisciplinaire de religion grecque antique 15 | 2002 Varia “Either a Daimon, or a Hero, or Perhaps a God:” Mythical Residents of Subterranean Chambers Yulia Ustinova Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/kernos/1385 DOI: 10.4000/kernos.1385 ISSN: 2034-7871 Publisher Centre international d'étude de la religion grecque antique Printed version Date of publication: 1 January 2002 ISSN: 0776-3824 Electronic reference Yulia Ustinova, « “Either a Daimon, or a Hero, or Perhaps a God:” Mythical Residents of Subterranean Chambers », Kernos [Online], 15 | 2002, Online since 21 April 2011, connection on 01 May 2019. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/kernos/1385 ; DOI : 10.4000/kernos.1385 Kernos Kemos 15 (2002), p. 267-288. "Either a Daimon, or a Hero, or Perhaps a God:" Mythical Residents of Subterranean Chambers In his list of seers who uttered gods' orders and messages to mortals not only when alive, but also after their death, Strabo1 mentions "...Amphiaraos, Trophonios, Orpheus, Musaios, and the god of the Getae, formerly Zalmoxis, a Pythagorean, who is in our time Dekaineos, the diviner of Byrebistas... ,,2 Aristides groups together Trophonios, Amphiaraos, Amphilochos and the Asclepiads.3 Celsus includes Zalmoxis, Mopsos, Amphilochos, Amphiaraos, and Trophonios in his register of mortals who died and were nevertheless worshiped, whieh makes Origen wonder, "whether one of these is either a daimon, or a hero, or perhaps a god, more active than mortals" (ft ècr'tt nç èv 'toîç 'tOtQU'tOlÇ Eï'tE 8atllcov Eï'tE llPcoÇ Eï'tE Kat 8E6ç, èVEPYéOv 't!Va lldÇova ft Ka'teX av8pco1tov;).4 The bewilderment of Origen 'is reasonable, given the elusiveness of these figures. -
ANCIENT TERRACOTTAS from SOUTH ITALY and SICILY in the J
ANCIENT TERRACOTTAS FROM SOUTH ITALY AND SICILY in the j. paul getty museum The free, online edition of this catalogue, available at http://www.getty.edu/publications/terracottas, includes zoomable high-resolution photography and a select number of 360° rotations; the ability to filter the catalogue by location, typology, and date; and an interactive map drawn from the Ancient World Mapping Center and linked to the Getty’s Thesaurus of Geographic Names and Pleiades. Also available are free PDF, EPUB, and MOBI downloads of the book; CSV and JSON downloads of the object data from the catalogue and the accompanying Guide to the Collection; and JPG and PPT downloads of the main catalogue images. © 2016 J. Paul Getty Trust This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042. First edition, 2016 Last updated, December 19, 2017 https://www.github.com/gettypubs/terracottas Published by the J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles Getty Publications 1200 Getty Center Drive, Suite 500 Los Angeles, California 90049-1682 www.getty.edu/publications Ruth Evans Lane, Benedicte Gilman, and Marina Belozerskaya, Project Editors Robin H. Ray and Mary Christian, Copy Editors Antony Shugaar, Translator Elizabeth Chapin Kahn, Production Stephanie Grimes, Digital Researcher Eric Gardner, Designer & Developer Greg Albers, Project Manager Distributed in the United States and Canada by the University of Chicago Press Distributed outside the United States and Canada by Yale University Press, London Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: J. -
Athens Guide
ATHENS GUIDE Made by Dorling Kindersley 27. May 2010 PERSONAL GUIDES POWERED BY traveldk.com 1 Top 10 Athens guide Top 10 Acropolis The temples on the “Sacred Rock” of Athens are considered the most important monuments in the Western world, for they have exerted more influence on our architecture than anything since. The great marble masterpieces were constructed during the late 5th-century BC reign of Perikles, the Golden Age of Athens. Most were temples built to honour Athena, the city’s patron goddess. Still breathtaking for their proportion and scale, both human and majestic, the temples were adorned with magnificent, dramatic sculptures of the gods. Herodes Atticus Theatre Top 10 Sights 9 A much later addition, built in 161 by its namesake. Acropolis Rock In summer it hosts the Athens Festival (see Festivals 1 As the highest part of the city, the rock is an ideal and Events). place for refuge, religion and royalty. The Acropolis Rock has been used continuously for these purposes since Dionysus Theatre Neolithic times. 10 This mosaic-tiled theatre was the site of Classical Greece’s drama competitions, where the tragedies and Propylaia comedies by the great playwrights (Aeschylus, 2 At the top of the rock, you are greeted by the Sophocles, Euripides) were first performed. The theatre Propylaia, the grand entrance through which all visitors seated 15,000, and you can still see engraved front-row passed to reach the summit temples. marble seats, reserved for priests of Dionysus. Temple of Athena Nike (“Victory”) 3 There has been a temple to a goddess of victory at New Acropolis Museum this location since prehistoric times, as it protects and stands over the part of the rock most vulnerable to The Glass Floor enemy attack.