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Reac on of Oxides with Acids and Bases

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Reac on of Oxides with Acids and Bases Reacon of oxides with acids and bases Reacon of oxides with acids and bases Lesson plan (Polish) Lesson plan (English) Reacon of oxides with acids and bases Source: domena publiczna. Link to the lesson Before you start you should know that salts are a group of chemical compounds of ionic structure, composed of cations + of metals (or a cation of ammonium with the following formula NH4 ) and anions of the acid radical; that the names of salts are made up of two parts: acid radical name and metal name; that some metal oxides, such as sodium oxide or calcium oxide, react with water and produce hydroxides as a result of this reaction; that some oxides of non‐metals react with water to form acids, e.g. sulfur dioxide; that the red cabbage stock turns red in solutions of acids, violet in neutral solutions, and green in base solutions; that the methyl orange is coloured red in acids. You will learn to describe, by means of equations, the obtainment of salts in reactions of certain metal oxides with acids as well as some non‐metal oxides with bases. Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Source: GroMar Sp. z o.o.. Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu Reacons of metal oxides with acids Task 1 Before conducng experiment, formulate research queson and hypothesis. Write down observaon and conclusions. Analysis of the experiment: Does calcium oxide react with hydrochloric acid? Research queson Hypothesis Experiment 1 Research problem Does calcium oxide react with hydrochloric acid? Hypothesis Select one of the presented hypotheses and then verify it. The calcium oxide reacts with the hydrochloric acid. The calcium oxide does not react with the hydrochloric acid. You will need test tubes, a small reagent spoon, hydrochloric acid, calcium oxide, acid-base indicator: methyl orange or red cabbage stock. Instrucon 1. Pour 2–3 cm3 of a hydrochloric acid into a test tube. 2. Add a few drops of the methyl orange soluon or the red cabbage stock. 3. Add, in small porons, the calcium oxide using the small reagent spoon. 4. Observe the changes that occur. Summary Observaons Conclusions The calcium oxide underwent conversion with the hydrochloric acid. The following equaon describes the transformaon: CaO + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2O calcium oxide + hydrochloric acid → calcium chloride + water The result of this reacon is salt and water. Adding an excess of calcium oxide results in a change in the soluon's reacon to basic (colour of the red cabbage stock – green) because the reacon product is calcium hydroxide: CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2 calcium oxide + water → calcium hydroxide Task 2 Before conducng experiment, formulate research queson and hypothesis. Write down observaon and conclusions. Analysis of the experiment: Does magnesium oxide react with nitric acid? Research queson Hypothesis Experiment 2 Research problem Does magnesium oxide react with nitric acid? Hypothesis Select one of the presented hypotheses and then verify it. Magnesium oxide reacts with nitric acid. Magnesium oxide does not react with nitric acid. You will need test tubes, a small reagent spoon, nitric acid soluon, magnesium oxide, acid-base indicator: methyl orange or red cabbage stock. Instrucon 1. Pour 2–3 cm3 of nitric acid soluon into a test tube. 2. Add a few drops of the methyl orange soluon or the red cabbage stock. 3. Add, in porons, magnesium oxide using the small reagent spoon. 4. Observe the changes that occur. Observaons Conclusions Summary The magnesium oxide underwent conversion with the nitric acid. The following equaon describes this transformaon: MgO + 2HNO3 → Mg(NO3)2 + H2O magnesium oxide + nitric acid → magnesium nitrate + water The result of this reacon is salt and water. Task 3 Before watching the movie, formulate research queson and hypothesis. Write down observaon and conclusions. Analysis of the experiment: Does the copper(II) oxide react with the sulfuric acid? Research queson Hypothesis Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl Chemical reacon copper(II) oxide + sulfuric acid Source: licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0. Film pokazuje eksperyment. Problem badawczy: Czy tlenek miedzi dwa reaguje z kwasem siarkowym sześć? Chemical reacon of copper two oxide and sulfuric acid. Hipoteza: pierwsza -Tlenek miedzi dwa reaguje z kwasem siarkowym sześć. Druga - Tlenek miedzi dwa nie reaguje z kwasem siarkowym sześć. Będzie Ci potrzebna: probówka, mała łyżeczka, palnik, roztwór kwasu siarkowego sześć, tlenek miedzi dwa. Instrukcja: Do probówki wlej dwa–trzy centymetry sześcienne roztworu kwasu siarkowego sześć (bezbarwny). Za pomocą małej łyżeczki dodaj niewielką porcję tlenku miedzi dwa (czarny proszek). Wymieszaj zawartość probówki. Ogrzewaj mieszaninę delikatnie w płomieniu palnika przez kilka minut. Kolor cieczy zmienił się z czarnego na niebieski, czarny osad uległ roztworzeniu. Experiment 3 Research problem Does the copper(II) oxide react with the sulfuric acid? Hypothesis Select one of the presented hypotheses and then verify it. The copper(II) oxide reacts with the sulfuric acid. The copper(II) oxide does not react with the sulfuric acid. You will need test tubes, a small reagent spoon, burner, sulfuric acid soluon, copper(II) oxide. Instrucon 1. Pour 2–3 cm3 of sulfuric acid soluon into a test tube. 2. Add a small poron of the copper(II) oxide with a small reagent spoon. 3. Mix the contents of the tube and observe what happens with the sediment. 4. Heat the mixture gently in the burner's flame for a few minutes. 5. Observe the changes that occur. Summary Observaons Conclusions Copper(II) oxide reacts with sulfuric acid in accordance with the following equaon: CuO + H2SO4→ CuSO4 + H2O copper(II) oxide + sulfuric acid → copper(II) sulfate + water Heang of the substrates speeds up this transformaon. This reacon produces salt and water. Metal oxides react with acids. This reaction produces salt and water. The following chemical equations are examples of these transformations: Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4 → Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O iron(III) oxide + sulfuric acid → iron(III) sulfate + water CaO + 2HNO3 → Ca(NO3)2 + H2O calcium oxide + nitric acid → calcium nitrate + water Li2O + 2HCl → 2LiCl + H2O lithium oxide + hydrochloric acid → lithium chloride + water Calcium oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid. This reacon produces calcium chloride (salt) and water. Source: Tomorrow sp z.o.o, licencja: CC BY 3.0. Reacons of oxides of non-metals with bases Task 4 Before conducng experiment, formulate research queson and hypothesis. Write down observaon and conclusions. Analysis of the experiment: Does the carbon dioxide react with the calcium hydroxide? Research queson Hypothesis Experiment 4 Research problem Does the carbon dioxide react with the calcium hydroxide? Hypothesis Select one of the presented hypotheses and then verify it. The carbon dioxide reacts with the calcium hydroxide. The carbon dioxide does not react with the calcium hydroxide. You will need beaker, drinking straw or a glass tube, saturated calcium hydroxide soluon (limewater). Instrucon 1. Pour limewater into the beaker. 2. Introduce the air exhaled from the lungs into the limewater water through the straw (or a glass tube) unl changes occur in the water. Summary Observaons Conclusions The carbon dioxide reacts with the calcium hydroxide according to the following chemical equaon: CO2 +Ca(OH)2→ CaCO3↓ + H2O carbon dioxide + calcium hydroxide → calcium carbonate + water The result of this reacon is salt and water. Task 5 Look at an interacve illustraon describing a sublimaon of dry ice. What applicaons of this compound do you know? Source: licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0. Oxides of non‐metals that react with water to form acids also react with bases. The results of these reactions are salt and water respectively. Examples of these reactions are illustrated in the equations below: CO2 + 2NaOH → Na2CO3 + H2O carbon dioxide + sodium hydroxide → sodium carbonate + water SO2 + 2KOH → K2SO3 + H2O sulfur dioxide + potassium hydroxide → potassium sulfate + water SO3 + Ba(OH)2 → BaSO4↓ + H2O sulfur dioxide + barium hydroxide → barium sulfate + water P4O10 + 12KOH → 4K3PO4 + 6H2O phosphorus pentoxide + potassium hydroxide → potassium phosphate + water Exercise 1 Insert appropriate words into the text. acids, salt, water Oxides of non-metals, which react with ............ forming acids, also react with bases. This reacon produces ............ and water. Metal oxides react with ............. These reacons produce salt and water. Exercise 2 Fill in the formulas. SO3, 3, H2O, 2H3PO4, K2CO3, K2O, H2O, 2 ............KOH + CO2 → ............ + H2O 2NaOH + ............ → Na2SO4 + ............ 3Na2O + ............ → 2Na3PO4 + ............H2O ............ + H2SO3 → K2SO3 + ............ Exercise 3 Match the pairs: English words with Polish definion. proces fizykochemiczny, w którym ciało stałe, gaz lub ciecz zostają zmieszane dissoluon z inną cieczą lub gazem, a w efekcie powstaje jednorodna mieszanina. przemiana fazowa bezpośredniego sublimaon przejścia ze stanu stałego w stan gazowy z pominięciem stanu ciekłego. Conclusion Oxides of non‐metals that react with water to form acids also react with bases. This reaction produces salt and water. Metal oxides react with acids. These reactions produce salt and water. Source: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0. Task 6 Write chemical equaons described in the diagram as A and B. Name the substrates and products of each reacon. A B S → SO2 → K2SO3 Keywords salt, acid, metal oxide, non‐metal oxide, salt obtainment Glossary sublimaon Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl nagranie dźwiękowe słówka sublimacja – przemiana fazowa
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