DOCSLIB.ORG

An Exploration of the Seventh-Day Adventist Experience in Republican China

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

The Missionaries and the Guomindang: An exploration of the Seventh-day Adventist Experience in Republican China Ruth Crocombe BEd (History), Graduate Diploma in Applied Linguistics (TESOL), Post-graduate Diploma in Arts (History). A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2015 School of Historical and Philosophical Inquiry 1 ABSTRACT Seventh-day Adventists were late entrants to the China mission field, arriving in China in the first decade of the 20th century. Despite this late start however, by the 1920s the Seventh-day Adventist church had established a large network of schools and hospitals across China. In addition to providing educational and medical services free (or at low cost) to the poor, the medical institutions also serviced wealthy fee paying patients. Much of the initial contact between Seventh-day Adventist missionaries and prominent Guomindang officials and other members of the societal elite originated at the Adventist Shanghai Sanitarium and Hospital. Seventh-day Adventist medical centres in other cities also served this function. As a result Adventist missionaries became acquainted with numerous Guomindang officials and other members of the political elite. Although there is a wealth of popular literature produced by Seventh-day Adventists relating to the activities of the denomination in China, as noted above, there has been little academic study. Specifically, the personal relationships between Western Seventh-day Adventist missionaries and members of the Nationalist government, and the denomination’s representation of Chiang Kai-shek and the Guomindang have not been studies by historians. This thesis is the first scholarly work to focus on the Seventh-day Adventist church’s work in Nationalist China and the first to examine the impact which the church’s writings about China had on the global Seventh-day Adventist community. A contributing factor to this neglect of the Seventh-day Adventist church by historians, including those of the Seventh- day Adventist church itself, is due to the concentration by Seventh-day Adventists on the narrative of mission rather than on the academic study of the denomination’s experience in China. The writings of Seventh-day Adventists about China are important because they are little studied source giving insight into China during a critical point of its history. These writings also provide insight into the development of the Seventh-day Adventist church during the twentieth century, particularly in regards to the denomination’s self-perception and its theology. This thesis examines the intersections between the Seventh-day Adventist church and China. The portrayals of times of difficulty in China in denominational literature were used to bolster church members’ belief in the distinctive eschatological theology of the denomination; and this distinctive theology also influenced the response of the denomination to the situation in China itself. Unlike many other Protestant denominations the Seventh-day Adventist church did not withdraw its missionaries or slow down the building of institutions following the Anti-Christian Movement of the early 1920s, but rather increased the amount of funds and personnel to the country. Discussion of China was also used as a fund-raiser for missions more generally. The political connections which individual missionaries formed with members of the Guomindang elite were publicised initially in the Church’s most widely distributed and important periodical, The Advent Review and Sabbath Herald (Review) and later in biographies of these missionaries’ lives. The formation of political connections served to raise the profiles of these missionaries within the denomination. The 1960s and ‘70s saw a resurgence of publishing about the church’s experience China by Seventh-day Adventist. 2 Writing about China at this time took the form of missionary biographies and autobiographies and these works placed great emphasis on past connections with the Guomindang elite. This was due to the relocation of church resources and missionaries to Taiwan following the Chinese Revolution and was also an attempt to reassure church members that despite the loss of institutions and property in China the mission of the denomination remained the same. 3 Declaration by author This thesis is composed of my original work, and contains no material previously published or written by another person except where due reference has been made in the text. I have clearly stated the contribution by others to jointly-authored works that I have included in my thesis. I have clearly stated the contribution of others to my thesis as a whole, including statistical assistance, survey design, data analysis, significant technical procedures, professional editorial advice, and any other original research work used or reported in my thesis. The content of my thesis is the result of work I have carried out since the commencement of my research higher degree candidature and does not include a substantial part of work that has been submitted to qualify for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution. I have clearly stated which parts of my thesis, if any, have been submitted to qualify for another award. I acknowledge that an electronic copy of my thesis must be lodged with the University Library and, subject to the policy and procedures of The University of Queensland, the thesis be made available for research and study in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968 unless a period of embargo has been approved by the Dean of the Graduate School. I acknowledge that copyright of all material contained in my thesis resides with the copyright holder(s) of that material. Where appropriate I have obtained copyright permission from the copyright holder to reproduce material in this thesis. 4 Publications during candidature No publications. Publications included in this thesis No publications included. Contributions by others to the thesis No contributions by others. Statement of parts of the thesis submitted to qualify for the award of another degree None. 5 Acknowledgements I’d like to thank my supervisors, Associate Professor Chi-Kong Lai and Dr Patrick Jory for their guidance and feedback during the writing of this thesis. Thanks must also go to the staff in the Center for Adventist Research located at Andrews University in Michigan and to the staff at the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists Archives in Washington D.C. who were very helpful to my search for information relating to Seventh-day Adventism in China during the first half of the twentieth century. Thank you to my husband, Jeff Crocombe for his support and encouragement during this process. Finally thank you to my daughter, Araminta for understanding that Mummy couldn’t always play because she had to work on her thesis. 6 Keywords china, christian missionaries, seventh-day adventist, guomindang, protestant missionaries Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classifications (ANZSRC) ANZSRC code: 220401, Christian Studies, 80% ANZSRC code: 210302, Asian Studies, 20% Fields of Research (FoR) Classification FoR code: 2103, Historical Studies, 60% FoR code: 2204, Religion and Religious Studies, 40% 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................................. 2 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER 1: Seventh-day Adventist Connections with China’s Political Elite ................................... 18 The Development of Seventh-day Adventist Relationships With the Political Elite ................... 18 The Role of Miller and the Sanitariums and Hospitals in Forging Elite Connections .................. 20 Seventh-day Adventist Educational Institutions ........................................................................... 24 Requests to Supply Employees to Non-SDA Institutions and the Denominational Response ..... 27 Seventh-day Adventist Involvement in Political Issues ................................................................ 31 The Seventh-day Adventist Relationship with Zhang Xueliang ................................................... 34 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 38 CHAPTER 2: Talking About China: Influences on the Seventh-day Adventist Community ................. 41 The Importance of the Advent Review and Sabbath Herald (Review) .......................................... 42 Early Seventh-day Adventist Representations of China ............................................................... 43 SDA Missionary Activity in China and its Influence on the Denomination’s Eschatology ......... 43 Funding the Missions .................................................................................................................... 51 Discussing the Spirituality of China’s Elite. ................................................................................. 52 The Nationalist Regime in Seventh-day Adventist Writings ........................................................ 55 Comparisons with Other Protestant Denominations ..................................................................... 62 Impact of China on Seventh-day Adventist Identity ....................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Restoring Religion Through Collective Memory: How Chinese

    Restoring Religion Through Collective Memory: How Chinese

    SCP0010.1177/0037768617747506Social CompassHuang: How Chinese Pentecostals engage in mnemonic practices 747506research-article2018l social compass Article Social Compass 2018, Vol. 65(1) 79 –96 Restoring religion through © The Author(s) 2018 Reprints and permissions: collective memory: How sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav https://doi.org/10.1177/0037768617747506DOI: 10.1177/0037768617747506 Chinese Pentecostals engage journals.sagepub.com/home/scp in mnemonic practices after the Cultural Revolution Ke-hsien HUANG National Taiwan University, Taiwan Abstract China has experienced remarkable religious revivals since the Cultural Revolution. I argue that the revivals rely on religious elites summoning collective memory to restore religion, among other factors. In addition, a micro-level perspective is taken, to see how collective memory, more than a group’s collective representation, is the product and resources of religious elites in pursuit of their own interest; the remembrance of the sacred past is a contested, unfolding process of key actors engaging in varied mnemonic practices. Through data collected from long-term fieldwork, I demonstrate how Chinese Pentecostals, after lengthy political suppression, use religious collective memory to rebuild the national community, strengthen the leadership by proving their orthodox character, and fight against mystical separatists. In conclusion, I explain why religious collective memory matters in the case of China in particular, where the state tends to repress religious institutionalization, and Chinese people emphasize the importance of orthodoxy lineage. Keywords Christianity in China, collective memory, mnemonic practices, Pentecostalism, True Jesus Church Corresponding author: Ke-hsien Huang, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. Email: [email protected] 80 Social Compass 65(1) Résumé La Chine a connu des renouveaux religieux marquants après la Révolution culturelle.
  • UC Riverside Electronic Theses and Dissertations

    UC Riverside Electronic Theses and Dissertations

    UC Riverside UC Riverside Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Beyond New Waves: Gender and Sexuality in Sinophone Women's Cinema from the 1980s to the 2000s Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4h13x81f Author Kang, Kai Publication Date 2015 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Beyond New Waves: Gender and Sexuality in Sinophone Women‘s Cinema from the 1980s to the 2000s A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Comparative Literature by Kai Kang March 2015 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Marguerite Waller, Chairperson Dr. Lan Duong Dr. Tamara Ho Copyright by Kai Kang 2015 The Dissertation of Kai Kang is approved: Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside Acknowledgements My deepest gratitude is to my chair, Dr. Marguerite Waller who gave me freedom to explore my interested areas. Her advice and feedback helped me overcome many difficulties during the writing process. I am grateful to Dr. Lan Duong, who not only offered me much valuable feedback to my dissertation but also shared her job hunting experience with me. I would like to thank Dr Tamara Ho for her useful comments on my work. Finally, I would like to thank Dr. Mustafa Bal, the editor-in-chief of The Human, for having permitted me to use certain passages of my previously published article ―Inside/Outside the Nation-State: Screening Women and History in Song of the Exile and Woman, Demon, Human,‖ in my dissertation. iv ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Beyond New Waves: Gender and Sexuality in Sinophone Women‘s Cinema from the 1980s to the 2000s by Kai Kang Doctor of Philosophy, Graduate Program in Comparative Literature University of California, Riverside, March 2015 Dr.
  • The History of the True Jesus Church

    The History of the True Jesus Church

    J1Y2BK1 SEPTEMBER-NOVEMBER N o t e s L e s s o n 11 The History of the True Jesus Church O v e r v i e w B i b l e B a c k g r o u n d Bible Text In the early days just after Jesus' crucifix- Isa 41:2, 43:5; Eze ion, the Gospel was spread widely 47:1-9; Rev 7:2; 2 Ch because of the work of the Holy Spirit and 6:22-23; Ez1:1-4, 3:1- the fervency of the disciples. However, in 13; Eph 2:11-22 the centuries that followed, churches began to deviate from the original teach- Bible Truth ings of Christ and began preaching their There is only one True own doctrines. Some even went so far as Church that can offer to create their own versions of the Bible. salvation Many sacraments and rites which were based upon worldly practices were institut- Lesson Aim ed, all of these resulting in cessation of the To understand that work of the Holy Spirit, thus fulfilling the God established the prophecy, "...the heavens be shut up, so True Jesus Church and that there be no rain" (Dt 11:16-17). In the to know its history 16th century, a Christian named Martin Memory Verse Luther initiated church reform, urging a “On that day I will raise return to the Bible as the source of the up the booth of David Truth. Although some positive changes that is fallen, and resulted, Luther did not achieve a complete repair its breaches, return to the original doctrines of the early and raise up its ruins, church.
  • 1 EDWARD A. MCCORD Professor

    1 EDWARD A. MCCORD Professor

    EDWARD A. MCCORD Professor of History and International Affairs The George Washington University CONTACT INFORMATION Office: 1957 E Street, NW, Suite 503 Sigur Center for Asian Studies The George Washington University Washington, D.C. 20052 Phone: 202-994-5785 Fax: 202-994-6096 Home: 807 Philadelphia Ave. Silver Spring, MD 20910 Phone: 301-588-6948 Email: [email protected] EDUCATION Ph.D. University of Michigan, History, 1985 M.A. University of Michigan, History, 1978 B.A. Summa Cum Laude, Marian College, History, 1973 OVERSEAS STUDY AND RESEARCH 1992-1993 Research, People's Republic of China Summer 1992 Inter-University Chinese Language Program, Taipei, Taiwan 1981-1983 Dissertation Research, People's Republic of China 1975-1977 Inter-University Chinese Language Program, Taipei, Taiwan ACADEMIC POSITIONS Professor of History and International Affairs, Elliott School of International Affairs, The George Washington University. July 2015 to present (Associatte Professor of History and International Affairs, September 1994 to July 2015). Director, Taiwan Education and Research Program, Sigur Center for Asian Studies, The George Washington University. May 2004 to present. Director, Sigur Center for Asian Studies, The George Washington University, August 2011 to June 2014. Deputy Chair, History Department, The George Washington University, July 2009 to August 2011. 1 Senior Associate Dean for Management and Planning, Elliott School of International Affairs, The George Washington University. July 2005 to August 2006. Associate Dean for Faculty and Student Affairs, Elliott School of International Affairs, The George Washington University. January 2004 to June 2005. Associate Director, Sigur Center for Asian Studies, The George Washington University. July-December 2003. Acting Dean, Elliott School of International Affairs, The George Washington University.
  • Shin Kawashimachinese and Taiwanese Perspectives on Japan's

    Shin Kawashimachinese and Taiwanese Perspectives on Japan's

    Chinese and Taiwanese Perspectives on Japan’s Racial Equality Proposal Chinese and Taiwanese Perspectives on Japan’s Racial Equality Proposal* Shin Kawashima** Abstract The issues of racial equality and the eradication of racial discrimination, raised by Japan, became major points of discussion at the Paris Peace Conference. But racial equality was not a particularly important topic for China because China had other priorities. It was interested in regaining its own possessions and sovereign interests, and in finding a solution to the problem of Shandong in the Twenty-One Demands. China used its approval of the racial equality proposal when it was submitted for the second time as a tool to ensure that the bare minimum of its relationship with Japan would be maintained. Giving its approval to the proposal was a way of showing that although China was highly critical of Japan and skeptical of its intentions, it did not intend to risk an all-out confrontation and a total breach of relations. Across Chinese society, most people were extremely critical of Japan’s actions and saw its efforts on race as fundamentally connected to Japanese Pan-Asianism. On the other hand, in Taiwan, the racial equality proposal was viewed within the context of the policies of assimilation and equality. There were some people, both within Japan and Taiwan, who argued that Japan should put its house in order before raising the issue of racial equality or the eradication of racial prejudice with the world. Nevertheless, it did not necessarily mean that the racial equality proposal was at the forefront of what intellectuals were discussing in Taiwan, or that it was part of what inspired them to organize a petition movement to establish a Taiwanese parliament or to debate educational problems.
  • June 2006 Adventist Today Volume 14 Issue 3

    June 2006 Adventist Today Volume 14 Issue 3

    $5.00 may | june 2006 adventist today volume 14 issue 3 The Power of Listening ANDREASEN “UNFIred” AT ANDREWS : 7 | THOMPSON ON HEALTHY INDEPENDENT PRESS : 14 AT14.3.indd 1 5/2/06 12:08:43 PM Foundation Board Editorial | John McLarty Elwin Dunn—Board Chair Ervin Taylor—Board Vice-Chair Eugene Platt—Treasurer John McLarty Greg Billock Keith Colburn Diana Fisher Edmund Jones The Power of Chuck Mitchell Madelyn Nelson Jim Nelson Randy Roberts Listening Nate Schilt Eldon Stratton James Stirling These monstrous John Vogt ecently, I’ve had the privilege of long James Walters »secrets lose much of their Kit Watts conversations with two old friends — George and Francis. Both times I tyrannical power when Raymond F. Cottrell made the call to ask how they were Endowment Board James Walters—Board Chair doing. But each of them somehow they are voiced to a Douglass Ewing Rturned it around and got me talking — about James Nelson compassionate listener. Nate Schilt personal stuff, stuff that I don’t talk about, some of Ervin Taylor it light, some heavy. I was amazed at the power of their listening. I was embarrassed about doing so without acknowledging it in the presence of another Advisory Council much talking, but the pleasure — the comfort and trustworthy person. Addictions thrive in secrecy. SENIOR LIFETIME ADVISORS* They wither in the light of gracious listening. Beth and Elwin Dunn sense of well-being — that came from their listening Kathi and Richard Guth was worth all the embarrassment and more. There is One of the greatest gifts we can offer one another Marilynn and Ervin Taylor power in listening.
  • Also by Jung Chang

    Also by Jung Chang

    Also by Jung Chang Empress Dowager Cixi: The Concubine Who Launched Modern China Mao: The Unknown Story (with Jon Halliday) Wild Swans: Three Daughters of China THIS IS A BORZOI BOOK PUBLISHED BY ALFRED A. KNOPF Copyright © 2019 by Globalflair Ltd. All rights reserved. Published in the United States by Alfred A. Knopf, a division of Penguin Random House LLC, New York. Originally published in hardcover in Great Britain by Jonathan Cape, an imprint of Vintage, a division of Penguin Random House Ltd., London, in 2019. www.aaknopf.com Knopf, Borzoi Books, and the colophon are registered trademarks of Penguin Random House LLC. Library of Congress Control Number: 2019943880 ISBN 9780451493507 (hardcover) ISBN 9780451493514 (ebook) ISBN 9780525657828 (open market) Ebook ISBN 9780451493514 Cover images: (The Soong sisters) Historic Collection / Alamy; (fabric) Chakkrit Wannapong / Alamy Cover design by Chip Kidd v5.4 a To my mother Contents Cover Also by Jung Chang Title Page Copyright Dedication List of Illustrations Map of China Introduction Part I: The Road to the Republic (1866–1911) 1 The Rise of the Father of China 2 Soong Charlie: A Methodist Preacher and a Secret Revolutionary Part II: The Sisters and Sun Yat-sen (1912–1925) 3 Ei-ling: A ‘Mighty Smart’ Young Lady 4 China Embarks on Democracy 5 The Marriages of Ei-ling and Ching-ling 6 To Become Mme Sun 7 ‘I wish to follow the example of my friend Lenin’ Part III: The Sisters and Chiang Kai-shek (1926–1936) 8 Shanghai Ladies 9 May-ling Meets the Generalissimo 10 Married to a Beleaguered
  • The History and Politics of Taiwan's February 28

    The History and Politics of Taiwan's February 28

    The History and Politics of Taiwan’s February 28 Incident, 1947- 2008 by Yen-Kuang Kuo BA, National Taiwan Univeristy, Taiwan, 1991 BA, University of Victoria, 2007 MA, University of Victoria, 2009 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of History © Yen-Kuang Kuo, 2020 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This dissertation may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Supervisory Committee The History and Politics of Taiwan’s February 28 Incident, 1947- 2008 by Yen-Kuang Kuo BA, National Taiwan Univeristy, Taiwan, 1991 BA, University of Victoria, 2007 MA, University of Victoria, 2009 Supervisory Committee Dr. Zhongping Chen, Supervisor Department of History Dr. Gregory Blue, Departmental Member Department of History Dr. John Price, Departmental Member Department of History Dr. Andrew Marton, Outside Member Department of Pacific and Asian Studies iii Abstract Taiwan’s February 28 Incident happened in 1947 as a set of popular protests against the postwar policies of the Nationalist Party, and it then sparked militant actions and political struggles of Taiwanese but ended with military suppression and political persecution by the Nanjing government. The Nationalist Party first defined the Incident as a rebellion by pro-Japanese forces and communist saboteurs. As the enemy of the Nationalist Party in China’s Civil War (1946-1949), the Chinese Communist Party initially interpreted the Incident as a Taiwanese fight for political autonomy in the party’s wartime propaganda, and then reinterpreted the event as an anti-Nationalist uprising under its own leadership.
  • Adventist Heritage Loma Linda University Publications

    Adventist Heritage Loma Linda University Publications

    Loma Linda University TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works Adventist Heritage Loma Linda University Publications Summer 1998 Adventist Heritage - Vol. 18, No. 1 Adventist Heritage, Inc. Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/advent-heritage Part of the History Commons, and the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Adventist Heritage, Inc., "Adventist Heritage - Vol. 18, No. 1" (1998). Adventist Heritage. http://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/advent-heritage/36 This Newsletter is brought to you for free and open access by the Loma Linda University Publications at TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Adventist Heritage by an authorized administrator of TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AJournal ofAdventist History • 18.1 • Summer 1998 Contributors Editor Arthur Patrick La Sierra University Roberta J. Moore is Professor Emerita ofJournalism at La Sierra University. With an MAin English from Boston University, she chaired the English Department at Canadian Union College for four years, and founded the Walla Walla College journalism Associate Editors department. She earned a PhD from Syracuse University in 1968 with a dissertation entitled "The Beginning and Development of Protestant Journalism in the United States, 17 43- 1850." From 1972 to 1980 she was professor ofjournali sm at La Sierra Uni­ Dorothy Minchin-Comm versity. For more than twenty-five years she advised budding editors of student publications and wrote widely as a freelance au­ La Sierra University thor. Gary Land Andrews University Arnold C. Reye is a teacher and educational administrator.
  • Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná Curso Superior De Tecnologia Em Alimentos

    Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná Curso Superior De Tecnologia Em Alimentos

    UNIVERSIDADE TECNOLÓGICA FEDERAL DO PARANÁ CURSO SUPERIOR DE TECNOLOGIA EM ALIMENTOS LIVIA SANTOS TAVARES BISCOITO DOCE DE OKARA COM TOFU E FRUTOOLIGOSSACARÍDEOS TRABALHO DE CONCLUSÃO DE CURSO LONDRINA 2018 LIVIA SANTOS TAVARES BISCOITO DOCE DE OKARA COM TOFU E FRUTOOLIGOSSACARÍDEOS Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso de graduação, apresentado à disciplina de Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso 2 do Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Alimentos, da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná – UTFPR, câmpus Londrina, como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Tecnólogo em Alimentos. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Neusa Fátima Seibel LONDRINA 2018 TERMO DE APROVAÇÃO BISCOITO DOCE DE OKARA COM TOFU E FRUTOOLIGOSSACARÍDEOS LIVIA SANTOS TAVARES Este Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso foi apresentado em 27 de novembro de 2018 como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Tecnóloga em Alimentos e foi avaliado pelos seguintes professores: Profa. Dra. Neusa Fátima Seibel Prof.(a) Orientador(a) Profa. Dra. Amélia Elena Terrile Avaliador do trabalho escrito Profa. Dra. Juliany Piazzon Gomes Avaliador do trabalho escrito Profa. Dra. Lúcia Felicidade Dias Avaliador da apresentação oral Profa. Dra. Marianne Ayumi Shirai Avaliador da apresentação oral Dedico este trabalho a minha amada avó Valdise (in memorian). AGRADECIMENTOS Primeiramente а Deus qυе permitiu qυе tudo isso acontecesse, ao longo de minha vida, е não somente nestes anos como universitária, sempre me guiando pela sua bondosa mão; Ele é em todos os momentos o maior mestre qυе alguém pode conhecer. O Teu amor cobre as minhas fraquezas e a Tua fidelidade é maior do que todos os obstáculos na minha vida, é sempre maior porque trilha nosso caminho para a vitória sem que a gente se dê conta.
  • Chinese Oral History Collections at Columbia: Toward Better Access1

    Chinese Oral History Collections at Columbia: Toward Better Access1

    Journal of East Asian Libraries, No. 140, Oct. 2006 CHINESE ORAL HISTORY COLLECTIONS AT COLUMBIA: TOWARD BETTER ACCESS1 Chengzhi Wang Columbia University Introduction Source materials keep their scholarly value unabated with the passage of time. This is true of the Chinese Oral History collections at Columbia. Most of the collections were created, acquired in association with the Chinese Oral History Project undertaken about three decades ago, but they are still frequently inquired about and consulted by students and scholars researching modern China. All the original Chinese oral history collections are kept at the Rare Book and Manuscript Library (RBML) at Columbia. Some difficulties in accessing the collections from afar and at Columbia have been reported by new users. Among other problems, new users assume that records for these Chinese-language oral histories have been completely entered into CLIO (Columbia Libraries Information Online), Columbia’s online catalog, and converted to LC pinyin system, and so are searchable in CLIO, but in fact this is not true. Many authors and titles of the oral histories, if known, are not directly searchable. Some general titles of oral history projects are searchable, and the search results offer substantial useful information in great detail. Yet, few users would search CLIO using the correct general titles, and some specific personal papers and archives cannot be located this way.2 Moreover, it seems the Journal of East Asian Libraries and other library professional periodicals have not carried any articles focusing on this important oral history collection.3 The Chinese Oral History project at Columbia officially started in 1958 and ended in 1980.
  • The Generalissimo

    The Generalissimo

    the generalissimo ګ The Generalissimo Chiang Kai- shek and the Struggle for Modern China Jay Taylor the belknap press of harvard university press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, En gland 2009 .is Chiang Kai- shek’s surname ګ The character Copyright © 2009 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Taylor, Jay, 1931– The generalissimo : Chiang Kai- shek and the struggle for modern China / Jay Taylor.—1st. ed. â p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978- 0- 674- 03338- 2 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Chiang, Kai- shek, 1887–1975. 2. Presidents—China— Biography. 3. Presidents—Taiwan—Biography. 4. China—History—Republic, 1912–1949. 5. Taiwan—History—1945– I. Title. II. Title: Chiang Kai- shek and the struggle for modern China. DS777.488.C5T39 2009 951.04′2092—dc22 [B]â 2008040492 To John Taylor, my son, editor, and best friend Contents List of Mapsâ ix Acknowledgmentsâ xi Note on Romanizationâ xiii Prologueâ 1 I Revolution 1. A Neo- Confucian Youthâ 7 2. The Northern Expedition and Civil Warâ 49 3. The Nanking Decadeâ 97 II War of Resistance 4. The Long War Beginsâ 141 5. Chiang and His American Alliesâ 194 6. The China Theaterâ 245 7. Yalta, Manchuria, and Postwar Strategyâ 296 III Civil War 8. Chimera of Victoryâ 339 9. The Great Failureâ 378 viii Contents IV The Island 10. Streams in the Desertâ 411 11. Managing the Protectorâ 454 12. Shifting Dynamicsâ 503 13. Nixon and the Last Yearsâ 547 Epilogueâ 589 Notesâ 597 Indexâ 699 Maps Republican China, 1928â 80–81 China, 1929â 87 Allied Retreat, First Burma Campaign, April–May 1942â 206 China, 1944â 293 Acknowledgments Extensive travel, interviews, and research in Taiwan and China over five years made this book possible.