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Checklist of Central and South American Agaricales (Basidiomycota) II: Strophariaceae

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Checklist of Central and South American Agaricales (Basidiomycota) II: Strophariaceae Mycosphere 6 (4): 441–458(2015) ISSN 2077 7019 www.mycosphere.org Article Mycosphere Copyright © 2015 Online Edition Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/6/4/6 Checklist of Central and South American Agaricales (Basidiomycota) II: Strophariaceae Coimbra VRM1 1 Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Micologia/CCB, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Av. Prof. Nelson Chaves, s/n, CEP: 50670-901, Recife-PE, Brazil; Email: [email protected] Coimbra VRM 2015 – Checklist of Central and South American Agaricales (Basidiomycota) II: Strophariaceae. Mycosphere 6(4), 441–458, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/6/4/6 Abstract Following a serie of papers inventorying the agaric mycota (Agaricales) of Central and South Americas, this second publication is a literature-based checklist of the dark-spored family Strophariaceae. In total, 288 taxa belonging to 18 genera are reported here, mainly for Argentina (120 spp.) and Brazil (115 spp.), the most representative countries. This list is an effort to organize the widespread knowledge of Strophariaceae species diversity and geographical distribution, but does not reflect the real diversity of Strophariaceae from this region. Key words – agarics – America – diversity – Neotropics Introduction This paper is the second part of a series of extensive checklists inventorying the agaric mycota from Central and South Americas. Each annual volume has been dedicated to one of the most important families of agaricoid fungi (Agaricales), as for example, the Entolomataceae Kotl. & Pouzar (Coimbra 2014). This current volume deals with Strophariaceae Singer & A.H. Smith, a large family of dark- spored mushrooms with 1316 known species (Kirk et al. 2008), and distributed worldwide, since the Arctic to the Antarctic zones (Pegler et al. 1980, Singer 1986, Borgen et al. 2006). The aim of this work is to provide a complete literature-based checklist of the Strophariaceae species recorded to Central and South America, as a tool for future studies on diversity, geographical distribution and species estimation. Methods The methodology of gathering data adopted here is the same of Coimbra (2014), as a way of standardization for all volumes of this series. Thus, only data recovered up to 10 March 2015 and published in papers and books were considered. Also, unidentified species (e.g. Pholiota sp.) and voucher numbers were not included. A special section (“Excluded species”) was designated in the end of the list, for taxa names absent on the adopted databases (Mycobank – www.mycobank.org – and Index Fungorum – www.indexfungorum.org) and for species referred as “excluded” in the literature (invalid names, “nomen dubium”, species with lost types, etc). Strophariaceae is recognised here, mainly, in the sense of Singer (1986), but also considering the recent advances on the understanding of this family (Matheny et al. 2014). Naematoloma P. Karst, despite of its illegitimacy (according to Mycobank), is maintened here Submitted 19 March 2015, Accepted 12 June 2015, Published online 18 July 2015 Corresponding Author: Victor R.M. Coimbra – e-mail – [email protected] 441 because the two species known for that geographical region and belonging to this genus (N. amazonicum Singer and N. nudum Singer) still needs proper combinations. Thus, the adopted genera in this checklist are: Agrocybe Fayod, Crassisporium Matheny, P.-A. Moreau & Vizzini, Deconica (W.G. Sm.) P. Karst., Flammula (Schaeff.: Fr.) P. Kumm., Geophila Quél., Hypholoma (Fr.) P. Kumm., Kuehneromyces Singer & A.H. Sm., Leratiomyces Bresinsky & Manfr. Binder ex Bridge, Spooner, Beever & D.C. Park, Melanotus Pat., Naematoloma, Naucoria (Fr.) P. Kumm., Pachylepyrium Singer, Phaeogalera Kühner, Pholiota (Fr.) P. Kumm., Protostropharia Redhead, Moncalvo & Vilgalys, Psilocybe (Fr.) P. Kumm., Stagnicola Redhead & A.H. Sm. and Stropharia (Fr.) Quél. Results and Discussion In total, 288 Strophariaceae taxa (281 species and 7 varities), belonging to 18 genera, were listed to Central and South Americas (Table 1) based on previously published data. These data were recovered from 113 publications (some with limited availabity), written in several languages (Danish, English, Latin, German, Portuguese and Spanish). Among all genera, the neurotropic Psilocybe (Fr.) P. Kumm. was the most reported (Figure 1), mainly due to the extensive studies of the renowned specialist Gastón Guzmán and colleagues (Guzmán 1978, 1983, 1995, 2004, 2012, Guzmán & Cortez 2005, Guzmán et al. 1984, 1994, 1998, 2003, 2004a, 2004b). Fig. 1 – Number of Strophariaceae species for each genus, reported for Central and South America. Table 1 List of Strophariaceae taxa recorded to Central and South America. Taxa Distribution Reference Agrocybe allocystis Singer ARG, BRA, CHI, Singer (1969), Wright & Albertó (2002) and URU Meijer (2006) Agrocybe arenicola (Berk.) Singer ARG Wright & Albertó (2002) Agrocybe broadwayi (Murrill) Dennis BRA, CUB, GRN, Pegler (1983, 1997) and Courtecuisse (1996); GUF, TTO Pegler (1987a) as Agaricus semiorbicularis Agrocybe collybiiformis (Murrill) Singer BRA Pegler (1997) Agrocybe coprophila (Rick) Singer ARG, BRA Wright & Albertó (2002); Rick (1938, 1961) as Hebeloma coprophilum. Agrocybe cubensis (Murrill) Singer BRA, CUB Pegler (1987b), Watling (1992) and Meijer (2006) Agrocybe cylindracea (DC.: Fr.) Maire ARG, BRA, CHI, Watling (1992), Pegler (1997), Wright & GUA Albertó (2002), Meijer (2006) and George- Nascimento (2007); Spegazzini (1899) and Rick (1938, 1961) as Pholiota impudica; Boa (2004) and Flores Arzú et al. (2012) as Agrocybe aegerita. Agrocybe earlei (Murrill) Dennis BRA(?), COL, Pegler (1983), Watling (1992), Meijer (2006) JAM, MTQ and Franco-Molano et al. (2010) 442 Taxa Distribution Reference Agrocybe fimicola (Speg.) Singer ARG, BRA Watling (1992), Wright & Albertó (2002) and Meijer (2006); Rick (1938, 1961) as Naucoria pediades. Agrocybe lazoi Singer CHI Singer (1969) Agrocybe lenticeps (Peck) Singer ARG Singer (1973) Agrocybe musae (Earle) Pegler CUB Pegler (1987b) Agrocybe neocoprophila Singer BRA Singer (1953, 1965); Rick (1938, 1961) as Hebeloma coprophilum. Agrocybe paradoxa Singer ARG Singer (1973) Agrocybe pediades (Fr.) Fayod ARG Wright & Albertó (2002); Singer (1969) also as A. semiorbicularis Agrocybe perfecta (Rick) Singer BRA Singer (1953), Watling (1992) and Meijer (2006); Rick (1938, 1961) as Pholiota vermiflua. Agrocybe platensis (Speg.) Singer ARG, CHI Singer (1969) Agrocybe praecox (Pers.) Fayod ARG, BRA, CHI, Dennis (1961), Singer (1969), Franco-Molano COL, VEN & Uribe-Calle (2000) and Delgado & Urdaneta (2002); Rick (1938, 1961) as Pholiotella gibberosa. Agrocybe procera Singer ARG, CHI Singer (1969) Agrocybe puiggarii (Speg.) Singer BRA Pegler (1997) and Meijer (2006); Spegazzini (1899) as Pholiota puiggarii; Rick (1938, 1961) as P. praecox. Agrocybe retigera (Speg.) Singer ARG, BRA, PAR, Singer & Digilio (1951), Delgado & Urdaneta VEN (2002), Wright & Albertó (2002) and Cortez & Silveira (2005); Spegazzini (1922) as Naucoria retigera Agrocybe sacchari (Murrill) Dennis BRA(?), VEN Dennis (1961) and Grandi et al. (1984) Agrocybe sororia (Peck) Watling BRA Watling (1992) and Meijer (2006) Agrocybe subpediades (Murrill) Watling BRA Watling (1992) and Meijer (2006) Agrocybe tropicalis (Speg.) Guzmán BRA Pegler (1997) Agrocybe tucumana (Singer) Watling ARG, BRA Singer (1973), Pegler (1997) and Meijer (2006) Agrocybe underwoodii (Murrill) Singer BRA, CUB Watling (1992) and Meijer (2006); Pegler (1987b) as Naucoria underwoodii Agrocybe vervacti (Fr.) Singer BRA Rick (1930, 1938, 1961) as Naucoria vervacti Agrocybe viscosa Singer CHI Singer (1969) Crassisporium chilense (M.M. Moser) CHI Moser (2000) Matheny, P.-A. Moreau & Vizzini Crassisporium funariophilum (M.M. Moser) CHI Singer (1969) as Pachylepyrium Matheny, P.-A. Moreau & Vizzini funariophilum Crassisporium squarrulosum (Singer) CHI Singer (1969) as Pachylepyrium squarrulosum Matheny, P.-A. Moreau & Vizzini Deconica argentina Speg. ARG, BRA, COL, Spegazzini (1899); Singer (1969), PER, VEN Raithelhuber (1974, 1988, 1991, 2004), Guzmán (1978, 1995), Yokoyama (1987), Franco-Molano & Uribe-Calle (2000), Wright & Albertó (2002), Wartchow et al. (2007) and Niveiro & Albertó (2012) as Psilocybe argentina Deconica coprophila (Bull.) P. Karst. ARG, BRA, COL, Silva et al. (2012); Spegazzini (1887b, 1899, ECU, GUF, PAN, 1925, 1926b), Rick (1938, 1961), Dennis PER, VEN (1961), Guzmán (1978, 1995), Horak (1980), Yokoyama (1987), Stijve & Meijer (1993), Guzmán et al. (1994), Courtecuisse et al. (1996), Cortez & Coelho (2004), Meijer (2006), Silva et al. (2006, 2008) and Niveiro & Albertó (2012) as Psilocybe coprophila Deconica horizontalis (Bull.) Noordel. ARG, BRA Silva et al. (2012); Rick (1938, 1961) as Melanotus hepatochrous; Cortez & Coelho (2004) as M. proteus; Niveiro & Albertó (2012) as M. horizontalis 443 Taxa Distribution Reference Deconica merdaria (Fr.) Noordel. ARG, BRA, CHI, Rick (1907, 1939, 1961) as Stropharia URU, VEN merdaria; Guzmán (1978) and Valenzuela et al. (1992) as Psilocybe merdaria Deconica moelleri (Guzmán) Noordel. ARG, BRA, CHI, Spegazzini (1899, 1926b) as Stropharia PER merdaria; Singer (1969) as Psilocybe merdaria var. macrospora; Guzmán (1978), Cortez & Coelho (2004) and Niveiro & Albertó (2012) as P. moelleri Deconica montana (Pers.) P.D. Orton CHI, COL, VEN Dennis (1961) as P. atrorufa; Singer (1969), Guzmán (1978), Guzmán et al. (1994) and Franco-Molano & Uribe-Calle (2000) as Psilocybe montana Deconica musacearum (Singer) Cortez & P.S. BRA
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