Land at Ermine St, Former AC Williams Garage Site Ancaster, Lincs

Prospect House 01977 681885 [email protected] Garden Lane Sherburn-in-Elmet Leeds North Yorkshire LS25 6AT

Land at Ermine St, Former AC Williams Garage Site Ancaster, Lincs.

Archaeological Assessment

Local Planning Authority: South Kesteven District Council Planning Reference: N/a NGR: SK 984 445

Date of Report: July 2014 Author: Naomi Field Report No.: LPA-60

Prospect Archaeology Ltd 25 West Parade Lincoln LN1 1NW www.prospectarc.com

Registered Office Prospect House, Garden Lane, Sherburn-in-Elmet, Leeds, LS25 6AT

Land at Ermine St, Ancaster, Lincs Archaeological Assessment

CONTENTS

PLANNING SUMMARY ...... III 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 3 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 2 2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION ...... 2 3.0 STATUTORY AND PLANNING POLICY CONTEXT ...... 2 4.0 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY AND SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA ...... 4 5.0 BASELINE CONDITIONS ...... 6 6.0 MAP REGRESSION ...... 10 7.0 ASSESSMENT ...... 10 8.0 MITIGATION ...... 12 9.0 REFERENCES ...... 12 11.0 PLATES ...... 26

Land at Ermine St, Ancaster, Lincs Archaeological Assessment

FIGURES Fig. 1 Ancaster, site location.

Fig. 2 139 Ermine St, Ancaster. Existing site layout showing position of geotechnical investigations. (Delta Simons plan )

Fig. 3. 139 Ermine St Ancaster. Indicative site layout with overlay of existing garage.(Based on plan by Polkey Collins Associates. Drawing 064)

Fig. 4 Monuments within the study area© Lincolnshire County Council

Fig. 5 Events within the study area© Lincolnshire County Council

Fig. 6 Ancaster and Sudbrook enclosure map showing site on extreme right edge of map

(approximate location only)

Fig. 7 OS 1:2500 scale map 1889

Fig.8 OS 1:2500 scale map 1905

Fig. 9 OS 1:10560 scale map 1950-51

Fig. 10 OS 1:10560 scale map 1956

Fig. 11 OS 1:2500 scale map 1976-83

Fig. 11 OS 1:2500 scale map 1986

PLATES

Pl. 1 General view of site looking west across Ermine Street.

Pl. 2 General view of site looking south-west

Pl. 3 Area north of the garage, looking west, along northern site boundary.

Pl. 4 Area west of garage, looking south-west along western site boundary.

Pl. 5 Area west of garage, looking south-east towards southern site boundary.

Pl. 6 View east along southern site boundary

Pl. 7 Garage interior showing inspection ramp and offices below ground level, looking south

Pl. 8 Geotechnical test pit north of the garage showing natural limestone below the concrete surface

Land at Ermine St, Ancaster, Lincs Archaeological Assessment

Planning Summary

LPA S. Kesteven District Council

Application No. N/a

Case Officer

Relevant Policies NPPF 17 126-141 169 Paragraphs

Local Plan

Curator Jenny Young

Curator consulted Yes  No Date

Work undertaken to Geophys DBA  Eval Other date survey

Known Heritage Assets National Regional Local None 

Potential Heritage National Regional Local  None Assets

Potential impact on High Medium Low  None heritage assets

Further information Yes No  required

Condition required Yes  No 1.0

Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of reporting and appropriateness of recommendations. This report is based on information available at the time of writing, from the sources cited. It does not preclude the potential for future discoveries to be made, or for other unidentified sources of information to exist that alter the potential for archaeological impact. Any opinions expressed within this document reflect the honest opinion of Prospect Archaeology. However, the final decision on the need for further work rests with the relevant planning authority. © Prospect Archaeology 2014

iii

Land at Ermine St, Ancaster, Lincs Archaeological Assessment

Executive Summary Total Property Solutions (TPS) has requested a Heritage Assessment in preparation for a planning submission for residential development to South Kesteven District Council. This report has been prepared to consider the archaeological and historical implications of the proposed development in support of the planning application. A map regression exercise and documentary search have provided background information about the history of the site. In addition a site visit was made to assess existing ground conditions and archaeological potential.

There are no scheduled ancient monuments or Listed Buildings within the Site and it does not lie within the Ancaster Conservation Area.

Ancaster is situated 29km south of Lincoln at a strategic point where the Lincolnshire limestone ridge which runs the full length of the county, is broken by the glacial valley known as the Ancaster Gap. Ancaster has long been known as the site of an important Roman walled town, but the focus of this settlement lies to the south of the Site, and south of the former railway. The Roman walled town straddles Ermine Street a Roman road which runs from the Humber to London, and is situated 1km south of the proposed development site. The proposed development site is a rectangular plot of land formerly the site of A C Williams car dealership with adjacent petrol filling station. It lies on the west side of Ermine Street and there is potential for Roman burials along the street frontage. To the north of the Site the flanking road ditches are still visible in the roadside verges and there is potential for the presence of the Roman roadside ditch to survive within the Site area. Geotechnical survey of this part of the site revealed clays below made ground which may be fill of the Roman roadside ditch. Ground contamination due to seepage from the fuel tanks was also present, especially in the north- east part of the Site. However, the grass verge in the south-east corner may be relatively undisturbed and this is the location of the proposed site access and site services.

The potential for archaeological remains is considered to be negligible over most of the Site because of landscaping associated with previous use as a garage. However, there is some evidence that the flanking roadside ditch along the Roman Ermine Street may survive within the redline boundary. It is therefore recommended that there should be an archaeological watching brief during the construction of the road access and installation of the service trenches in order to record the ditch in profile. The South Kesteven Planning Archaeologist has agreed that this should be dealt with as a condition on the planning permission. This is in line with National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) guidelines.

Land at Ermine St, Ancaster, Lincs Archaeological Assessment

1.0 Introduction 1.1.1 Prospect Archaeology Ltd has been appointed by Total Property Solutions (TPS) to prepare a Heritage Assessment to accompany a planning application for residential development to S. Kesteven District Council. This report considers the known or suspected archaeological remains lying within and adjacent to the proposed Development Site at SK3902 2593.

2.0 Site Description 2.1.1 Ancaster is situated 29km south of Lincoln at a strategic point where the Lincolnshire limestone ridge which runs the full length of the county, is broken by the glacial valley known as the Ancaster Gap. The proposed development site lies on the west side of Ermine Street Ancaster is situated midway between Sleaford and Grantham on the A153 road at its junction with the B6403 (Ermine Street). It is a near-rectangular plot of land formerly the site of A.C. Williams car dealership with adjacent petrol filling station and concrete yard and forecourt.

2.2 Geology and Topography The bedrock on the Site comprises Lower Lincolnshire Limestone Member. No superficial deposits are recorded (mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html). Current ground levels across the Site vary from 49.96m OD, in the western part of the Site, falling to c.48.13m OD in the north-east part of the Site and 46.30m OD to the south-east. The land west of the site is c.2m higher than the ground inside the Site and land to the north c.1.5- 2m higher (Fig. 2).

3.0 Statutory and Planning Policy Context 3.1 National Policy 3.1.1 The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) was published on 27 March 2012, coming into immediate effect and replacing all previous Planning Policy Guidance notes (PPGs) and Planning Policy Statements (PPSs). Set out below is a summary of the relevant NPPF guidance in Section 12 ‘Conserving and enhancing the historic environment’ as it relates to archaeology only.

3.1.2 Section 12 provides guidance on the treatment of archaeological remains within the planning process. Whilst it is recognised that important remains should be retained, the benefits of development may be considered to outweigh the benefit of retention, especially where remains of less than national importance are concerned. Early consideration of the potential for ‘heritage assets’ is advised.

Land at Ermine St, Ancaster, Lincs Archaeological Assessment

3.1.3 Paragraph 128 states: In determining applications, local planning authorities should require an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected, including any contribution made by their setting...... As a minimum the relevant historic environment record should have been consulted and the heritage assets assessed using appropriate expertise where necessary. Where a site on which development is proposed includes or has the potential to include heritage assets with archaeological interest, local planning authorities should require developers to submit an appropriate desk-based assessment and, where necessary, a field evaluation.

 In determining planning applications, local planning authorities should take account of:

 the desirability of sustaining and enhancing the significance of heritage assets and putting them to viable uses consistent with their conservation;

 the positive contribution that conservation of heritage assets can make to sustainable communities including their economic vitality; and

 the desirability of new development making a positive contribution to local character and distinctiveness.

3.1.4 Where a proposed development will lead to substantial harm to or total loss of significance of a designated heritage asset, local planning authorities should refuse consent, unless it can be demonstrated that the substantial harm or loss is necessary to achieve substantial public benefits that outweigh that harm or loss, or all of the following apply:

 the nature of the heritage asset prevents all reasonable uses of the site; and

 no viable use of the heritage asset itself can be found in the medium term through appropriate marketing that will enable its conservation; and

 conservation by grant-funding or some form of charitable or public ownership is demonstrably not possible; and

 the harm or loss is outweighed by the benefit of bringing the site back into use.

3.1.5 Local planning authorities should make information about the significance of the historic environment gathered as part of plan-making or development management publicly accessible. They should also require developers to record and advance understanding of the significance of any heritage assets to be lost (wholly or in part) in a manner proportionate to their importance and the impact, and to make this evidence (and any archive generated) publicly accessible.

Land at Ermine St, Ancaster, Lincs Archaeological Assessment

3.2 Other National Policy and Guidance 3.2.1 The National Planning Practice Guidance (NPPG) was published by the Department for Communities and Local Government in March 2014 and provides guidance for planners and communities which will help deliver high quality development and sustainable growth in England. In terms of heritage, guidance entitled ‘Conserving and enhancing the historic environment’ sets out information with respect to the following: • the recognition of the appropriate conservation of heritage assets forming one of the ‘Core Planning Principles’ that underpin the planning system; • what the main legislative framework for planning and the historic environment is (Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990; Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979; and Protection of Wrecks Act 1973); • a definition of ‘significance’; • why significance is important in decision-taking; • the considerations of designated and non-designated assets; • the identification of non-designated heritage assets; and • the considerations for when applications for planning permission are required to consult or notify English Heritage.

3.3 Local Policy Guidance 3.3.1 The Local Development Scheme (LDS) published in April 2014 is the timetable for producing the planning documents that will make up the Local Plan. The Local Plan for South Kesteven currently comprises the Local Development Scheme 2014 – 2017, the Core Strategy - adopted 5th July 2010 and remaining 'saved' policies from the 1995 South Kesteven Local Plan. There are no saved policies relevant to Heritage. (http://www.southkesteven.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=1653#sthash.Gk2sltQL.dpuf).

4.0 Assessment Methodology and Significance Criteria 4.1 Buried Heritage 4.1.1 The buried heritage (archaeology) has been considered through desk-based assessment and a site visit. A full list of referenced sources is provided and references are given. Staff at Lincolnshire Historic Environment Record gave advice and information about known archaeological sites of interest in the vicinity of the study area, and where relevant these were further investigated. Relevant primary and secondary sources held in the Lincolnshire Archives Office have been consulted. Additional sources consulted included:

Land at Ermine St, Ancaster, Lincs Archaeological Assessment

. information available on a variety of internet sites including University of Leicester Historical Directories (www.historical directories.org/), Access to Archives (www.a2a.org.uk) and the Archaeology Data Service (http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/); the Heritage Gateway (www.heritagegateway.org.uk) and data from Pastscape (www.pastscape.org.uk). A full list of sites accessed can be found in the Bibliography section

. cartographic sources held by the Ordnance Survey;

. A site visit and walkover survey was undertaken by Naomi Field on July 1st 2014.

4.1.2 The historical development of the site has been established through reference to these sources and is described in the Baseline Conditions section of this report. This has been used to identify areas of potential archaeological interest. Each area of archaeological potential has been assessed for its archaeological significance in geographical terms, although it should be noted that despite the national policy guidance’s reliance on geographical significance, there is no statutory definition for these classifications :

. International – cultural properties in the World Heritage List, as defined in the operational guidelines for the implementation of the World Heritage Convention;

. National – sites or monuments of sufficient archaeological/historical merit to be designated as Scheduled Ancient Monuments. Other sites or monuments may also be considered of national importance but not appropriate for scheduling due to current use(s) or because they have not yet been fully assessed;

. Regional – sites and monuments of archaeological or historical merit that are well preserved or good examples of regional types or that have an increased value due to their group associations, regional rarity or historical associations.

. Local – sites and monuments of archaeological or historical interest but that are truncated or isolated from their original context and are of limited use in furthering archaeological or historical knowledge.

 Negligible – areas of extremely limited or no archaeological or historic interest. These commonly include areas of major modern disturbance such as quarries, deep basements etc.

4.1.3 The concluding chapter of this document summarises the findings, and provides an opinion on the potential for archaeological remains to be identified, the likely importance of such

Land at Ermine St, Ancaster, Lincs Archaeological Assessment

remains should they exist and the likely impact of the proposed development. Recommendations for further work are provided.

4.2 Built Heritage 4.2.1 Built heritage includes listed buildings, conservation areas, registered parks and gardens, and scheduled monuments. It also includes non-listed buildings of local architectural or historic interest which are included in the Historic Environment Record. All statutorily protected built heritage assets are of national importance.

4.2.2 No scheduled monuments or listed or otherwise historically significant buildings are present within the Site. The Site lies 1km north of the Roman walled town of Causennae which is a scheduled monument. The Ancaster Conservation Area lies 800m south of the Site.

5.0 Baseline Conditions 5.1.1 The assessment of existing conditions has been based on a ‘study area’ extending 500m around the perimeter of the area of proposed development. This enables the significance of existing and potential archaeological features to be considered in their local, regional and national contexts.

5.1.2 Known and suspected archaeological remains are summarised and discussed in the following section. No archaeological investigations are known within the site but work has taken place close by. There have been 9 events or programmes of investigation, within the study area, three of which produced no finds and are not discussed further, but are listed in Table 1 below. The remaining six events are noted in the text with the prefix ELI (Fig. 4). The monument references are noted in the following text with the prefix MLI (Fig. 3).

5.2 Designated Heritage Assets (Fig. 2) 5.2.1 No scheduled monuments or listed or otherwise historically significant buildings are present within the Site. The Site lies 1km north of the Roman walled town possibly named Causennae , which is a scheduled monument.

5.3 Undesignated Heritage Assets (Figs 3 and 4) Prehistoric 5.3.1 Fieldwalking on land east of the Site in 1990 produced a scatter of worked flints of unrecorded date (ML! 63853/ELI 6243). In 2012 a microlith, several cores, blades or flakes, scrapers, a few microliths and an awl and flints were recorded at SK 988 447 as part of the

Land at Ermine St, Ancaster, Lincs Archaeological Assessment

Colonisation of Britain Project. The flints are thought to be either Upper Palaeolithic or Mesolithic in date (MLI 98481).

5.3.2 There was considerable activity in the Ancaster Gap during the prehistoric period and a small middle Iron Age settlement was excavated south of the town in 1963 at Ancaster quarry.

5.3.3 It is thought that the medieval Pottergate trackway (MLI65134) which is located west of the site may have its origins as a prehistoric or Roman trackway.

Roman 5.3.4 The Romans built a marching camp north-west of the present village and 600m west of the site. This was identified as a cropmark in aerial photographs taken in 1974 ((MLI 30332). It has been partially destroyed by a small quarry. The town developed on the site of an Iron Age settlement and was fortified in the early part of the third century with stone walls. The Roman walled town straddles Ermine Street a Roman road which runs from the Humber to London, and is situated 1km south of the proposed development site. Next to Watling Street Ermine Street was perhaps the most important thoroughfare in Britain, for it was designed to give direct communication to the main centres of military occupation at Lincoln and York (MLI 60638). It has regularly spaced settlements along its length which very probably owe their origin to military posts. 10 miles to the north is Navenby and to the south is Colsterworth.

5.3.5 There have been excavations around the perimeter of the walled enclosure as well and there is evidence for settlement and cemeteries lying outside the walled area as well. These discoveries almost all lie to the south of the study area. However, fieldwalking just south of the railway station in 1965 produced roman greyware pottery. Fieldwalking east of Ermine Street in 1990 produced evidence for a possible Roman building, that may be part of a farmstead rather than part of the town (MLI60362, ELI6243). A watching brief at 122 Ermine Street, during construction of two bungalows in 2004 revealed a Roman pit and ditch (MLI35232).

5.3.6 More substantial remains were found during a programme of archaeological evaluation and excavation at Baird’s Hill in 2005-6, when a 3rd century Roman pottery kiln and a cemetery were found (MLI 30341, ELI 6665,6666, 6667). Roman cemeteries were generally located along roads outside the settlement which suggests that the northern limits of the town lay well south of the proposed development site.

Land at Ermine St, Ancaster, Lincs Archaeological Assessment

Mon (MLI) Event (ELI) Parish NGR Description 1008 Ancaster SK 98419 44406 land off St Martin's Way. Watching brief in 2000. No finds 1853 Ancaster SK 9829 4444 Watermain on Pottergate Rd, Watching Brief 2001. no finds 35378 1998 Ancaster SK 984 443 Fieldwalking 1965 south of Ancaster railway station. RB greyware 36581 5972 Ancaster SK 98660 44314 Bairds Hill, Geotechnical test pits 2005 . 19th century mill or malthouse 30341 6665 Ancaster SK 98660 44313 Bairds Hill, evaluation 2006 . RB kiln and cemetery 36581 6665 Ancaster SK 98660 44314 Bairds Hill, evaluation 2006 . 19th century mill or malthouse 6666 Ancaster SK 98647 44299 Bairds Hill, Watching Brief 2006. no further finds 30341, 36581 6667 Ancaster SK 98647 44299 Bairds Hill, excavation 2006. 36601 6113 Ancaster SK 9863 4443 122 Ermine St watching brief 2004. RB ditch and pit. 3rd century 30332 - Ancaster SK 9795 4445 Aerial photo, cropmark 1974. Roman marching camp Ermine Street. Roman road. In Ancaster at SK 982 433 during drain clearage, it is thought that part of Ermine Street was uncovered in June 2000. It was 60638 - Ancaster reported by the householder. Watching brief 20001m wide stone wall believed to be a boundary wall to the 35232 - Ancaster SK 98457 44394 railway station. A possible prehistoric or Roman road or track along the crest of the limestone scarp 65134 - Ancaster south of Lincoln running to Ancaster, along line of Pottergate Rd, a medieval trackway 60362 6243 S.Rauceby SK 9923 4524 Fieldwalking on land east of Crowland Farm 1990. Possible RB building 63853 6243 S.Rauceby SK 9923 4524 Fieldwalking on land east of Crowland Farm 1990. Flint scatter 65767 S.Rauceby SK 988 447 Upper Palaeolithic -Mesolithic flint scatter found in 2012

Table 1 Monuments and events recorded at the Lincolnshire Historic Environment Record

Land at Ermine St, Ancaster, Lincs Archaeological Assessment

5.3.7 Quarrying dates to the prehistoric period; quernstones were produced in the Iron Age but it was not until the Roman period that it became an organised industry.

Saxon and Medieval 5.3.8 Ancaster is not mentioned in the Domesday survey of 1086. However, this is not to say that there was no occupation of the town during the Saxon period. The place-name 'Ancaster' is first mentioned in a twelfth-century charter from the reign of Henry II, and in a legal document of 1197, where it appears as Anecastre. The name means Ana’s Roman station (Cameron 1998, 3).

5.3.9 The parish church stands slightly elevated on the Roman road Ermine Street, within the wall circuit. It is dedicated to St Martin, one of many churches on Roman sites which are dedicated to the Roman soldier who converted to Christianity and later became Bishop of Tours and a saint.

5.3.10 The medieval prosperity of the community would in some part have been due to the exploitation of the local stone quarries which are still renowned for the quality of the stone, usually reserved for carvings and window and door surrounds.

5.4 Post-medieval – Modern Periods (mid-16th – present) 5.4.1 The open fields around the village were enclosed in 1773 which improved the efficiency of agriculture. The enclosures transformed the barren heath which surrounded the village into a fertile and wooded landscape. It was an important commercial centre for the rural hinterland and supported a market and a number of trades, including blacksmiths and saddlers, until the 19th century. In the 1850s its local importance was reinforced by the opening of a railway station which is located south of the site. It was opened in 1857 by the Boston, Sleaford and Midland Counties Railway. It was then run by the Great Northern Railway and became part of the London and North Eastern Railway during in 1923. The station then passed on to the Eastern Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948. A watching brief in 2001 revealed a stone wall thought to have bene a boundary wall belonging to the station (MLI 35232). The railway separates the old part of the village from more recent development on the north side.

5.4.2 A 19th century mill or malthouse was located just south of the railway line (MLI 36581).

Land at Ermine St, Ancaster, Lincs Archaeological Assessment

6.0 Map Regression 1793 Enclosure Map (Fig. 6) 6.1.1 The enclosure map shows the hamlet of Sudbrook central to the map so the plot of land is on the very margins. It appears to be located in former ‘Ancaster’ open field and lies north of the ribbon development along Ermine Street that comprised the settlement of Ancaster.

Ordnance Survey 1889 1:2,500 (Fig. 7)

6.1.2 The plot is located mainly within a single field on the west side of Ermine Street. The south- east corner of the site extends into the adjacent field. The parish boundary between Ancaster and Wilsford is shown running along Ermine Street. The railway line lies south of the site.

Ordnance Survey 1905 1:2500 (Fig. 8)

6.1.3 A long narrow building is located along the southern boundary of the field and a north- south boundary joins the west side of the building.

Ordnance Survey 1950-51 1:10,560 (Fig. 9)

6.1.4 The same as 1905, except that there are houses north of the Site.

Ordnance Survey 1956 1:10,560 (Fig. 10)

6.1.5 Same as 1950-51

Ordnance Survey 1976-83 1:2500 (Fig. 11)

6.1.6 The building shown on the maps between 1905 and 1956 has been demolished and replaced with the garage which covers three-quarters of the site. Houses have been built around the Site on three sides.

Ordnance Survey 1976-83 1:2500 (Fig. 12)

6.1.7 Same as 1976-83.

7.0 Assessment 7.1 Archaeological Potential 7.1.1 Ancaster has long been known as the site of an important Roman walled town, with its origins in the Iron Age, but the focus of this settlement lies to the south of the Site, and south of the railway line. More recently aerial photographs revealed a second fort/marching camp, presumably pre-dating the town which lies immediately west of the Site. The position of the Site on Ermine Street at a point where it changes direction is of note. It is not known why the

Land at Ermine St, Ancaster, Lincs Archaeological Assessment

road changes direction and whether it is to do with the position of the marching camp to the west, with potential for a connecting road. To the north of the Site the flanking side ditches of Ermine Street are still visible in the roadside verges and there is potential for the presence of the Roman roadside ditch to survive within the Site area.

7.1.2 Geotechnical survey of the site comprised five test pits (TP1-TP105) and seven boreholes (DS101-DS107) (Fig. 2). Geotechnical boreholes in this part of the site revealed evidence for clays below the made ground in this part of the site which may be fill of the Roman roadside ditch. There was also ground contamination due to seepage from the fuel tanks in the northern part of the site. However, the grass verge in the south-east corner may be relatively undisturbed (Pl. .

7.1.3 The positon of the site on the edge of the parish and to the north of the medieval settlement means that there is very little potential for medieval remains. Evidence for the late 19th century/early 20th century building that existed on the site before the construction of the garage may survive.

7.2 Impact on Designated Assets 7.2.1 There are no scheduled ancient monuments or Listed Buildings within the Site or the surrounding study area. The Roman town which is scheduled lies 1km south of the Site and there is no intervisibility.

7.3 Impact on Non-Designated Assets 7.3.1 Figure 3 shows an indicative site layout with houses towards the rear of the plot and a food store on the frontage in the former location of the fuel tanks. The garage lies at a level some 1.5m-2.50m below the surrounding ground on north and west sides. The ground falls to the east towards the road. It looks as if the plot was reduced in height and levelled in order to construct the garage and its forecourt. The ground to the north and west is covered in concrete. Geotechnical investigations on the site by Delta Simons (Fig. 2) revealed limestone brash immediately beneath the concrete surface (Pl. 8). It is very likely that any archaeological remains over the site will have been removed when the garage was constructed. The floor of the garage itself is at two levels and on the west side there is a sunken area where there was an inspection ramp. This area will most certainly have destroyed any potential archaeological remains (Pl. 7). Ground in front of the garage has been contaminated by fuel seepage from the tanks and would not be suitable for further investigation, except on the south-east corner of the site where it is proposed to create the site access and install the services.

Land at Ermine St, Ancaster, Lincs Archaeological Assessment

8.0 MITIGATION 8.1.1 The potential for archaeological remains is considered to be negligible over most of the Site because of landscaping associated with previous use as a garage. However, there is some evidence that the flanking roadside ditch along the Roman Ermine Street may survive within the redline boundary. It is therefore recommended that there should be an archaeological watching brief during the construction of the road access and installation of the service trenches in order to record the ditch in profile. The South Kesteven Planning Archaeologist has agreed that this should be dealt with as a condition on the planning permission.

9.0 References 9.1 Documentary Sources Cameron, K 1998 A Dictionary of Lincolnshire Place-Names

Delta-Simons 2014 Phase I Geo-Environmental Assessment 139 Ermine Street, Ancaster, Lincolnshire S.Kesteven District Council 2010 Ancaster Conservation Area

S.Kesteven District Council 2014 S.Kesteven District Local Development Framework

http://www.southkesteven.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=1653#sthash.Gk2sltQL.dpuf.

9.2 Cartographic / Archival Sources Ancaster and Sudbrook enclosure map (ANCASTER PAR/17). Ordnance Survey 1:2500 1889, 1905, 1973-78, 1980-83, 1986, Ordnance survey 1:10,560 1950-51, 1955

9.3 Digital Sources http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/gateway/

http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/index.jsp

http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html

www.a2a.org.uk

www.ads.ahds.ac.uk

www.genuki.org.uk

www.pastscape.org/homepage/

www.multimap.co.uk

Land at Ermine St, Ancaster, Lincs Archaeological Assessment

10.0 Figures

Land at Ermine St, Ancaster, Lincs Archaeological Assessment

Fig. 7 OS 1:2500 scale map 1889

Land at Ermine St, Ancaster, Lincs Archaeological Assessment

Fig.8 OS 1:2500 scale map 1905

Land at Ermine St, Ancaster, Lincs Archaeological Assessment

Fig. 9 OS 1:10560 scale map 1950-51

Land at Ermine St, Ancaster, Lincs Archaeological Assessment

Fig. 10 OS 1:10560 scale map 1956

Land at Ermine St, Ancaster, Lincs Archaeological Assessment

11.0 Plates

Land at Ermine St, Ancaster, Lincs Archaeological Assessment

Pl. 1 General view of site looking west across Ermine Street.

Pl. 2 General view of site looking south-west, with railway bridge in the distance

Land at Ermine St, Ancaster, Lincs Archaeological Assessment