Novi Nalaz Rimskog Međašnog Zida U Golubiću Kod

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Novi Nalaz Rimskog Međašnog Zida U Golubiću Kod šime vrkić — Hrvatskog sabora 49, udk: 904:725.96](497.5Golubić)"652" HR-23000 Zadar Izvorni znanstveni članak, Original scientific paper [email protected] Primljeno / Received: 2014-11-8 NOVI NALAZ RIMSKOG NEW FIND OF A ROMAN MEĐAŠNOG ZIDA U BOUNDARY WALL IN GOLUBIĆU KOD OBROVCA GOLUBIĆ NEAR OBROVAC U radu je predstavljen rijedak nalaz rimskoga međašnog zida This work presents a rare find of a Roman boundary wall found nedavno otkriven u selu Golubiću kod Obrovca. Ostaci širo- recently in the village of Golubić near Obrovac. Remains of a koga suhozida sačuvani su u dužini od oko 900 m. Protežu se wide drystone wall were preserved about 900 m in length spread- u ravnoj liniji od kanjona rijeke Krnjeze na istoku do južne ing in a straight line from the canyon of the Krnjeza river in the padine brda Gradina na zapadu. Zid je izgradila rimska vlast east to the southern slope of the hill Gradina in the west. The wall tijekom 1. stoljeća poslije Krista u svrhu teritorijalnog razgra- was built by the Roman authorities during the 1st century AD in ničenja dviju liburnskih peregrinskih zajednica. Najvjerojatni- order to make a territorial boundary between the two Liburnian je je riječ o Hadri (Smokovac u Krupi) i jednoj od zajednica peregrine communities. Most likely it was Hadra (Smokovac in sa središtem na lijevoj strani rijeke Zrmanje. Izgradnjom me- Krupa) and one of the communities with the center on the left đašnih zidova rimska je uprava razrješavala teritorijalne spo- bank of Zrmanja. Roman administration built boundary walls rove i moguće sukobe između pripadnika susjednih zajednica, to solve territorial disputes and possible conflicts between the najčešće uzrokovane ispašom stoke i stočarskim kretanjima na members of neighbouring communities usually caused by rights međašnim područjima. of pasture and cattle movements in the boundary areas. ključne riječi: međašni zidovi, liburnske peregrinske zajedni- key words: boundary walls, Liburnian peregrine communities, ce, Hadra, Krupa, Zrmanja Hadra, Krupa, Zrmanja UVOD INTRODUCTION Pregledom zračnih snimki internetskog servisa AR- In a review of aerial photographs of online map KOD, s područja sela Golubić kod Obrovca, uoče- service ARKOD in the area of the village of Golubić na je struktura koja se stotinama metara proteže u near Obrovac, we have noticed a structure spreading pravilnoj liniji. Terenskim pregledom utvrđeno je da in a straight line for hundreds of meters. Field sur- je riječ o ostacima velikog suhozida koji zasigurno vey showed that these were remains of a large drys- potječe iz nekoga starijeg razdoblja. Proučavanjem tone wall which can be dated to some older period. stručne literature i usporedbom sa sličnim nalazi- After study of the scholarly works and comparison ma u Donjem Karinu i Jablancu, zaključeno je da je with similar finds in Donji Karin and Jablanac, we riječ o ostacima rimskoga međašnog zida, čijom je have concluded that these were remains of a Roman izgradnjom uspostavljeno teritorijalno razgraničenje boundary wall whose building established territo- između dviju liburnskih peregrinskih zajednica. rial boundary between the two Liburnian peregrine Rimska uprava je od vremena namjesnika Publija communities. Kornelija Dolabele (14. – 20. godine poslije Krista), Roman administration executed systematic ter- provodila sustavno teritorijalno razgraničenje izme- ritoral demarcation between various subjects in the đu različitih subjekata na području provincije Dal- region of the province of Dalmatia from the period macije. Provedena razgraničenja obilježavana su po- of governor Publius Cornelius Dolabella (14–20 stavljanjem međašnih (terminacijskih) natpisa kojih AD). Executed demarcations were marked by setting je na području provincije pronađeno više od trideset. up boundary inscriptions. More then thirty such in- U samo tri slučaja razgraničenje je bilo provedeno scriptions were found in the area of the province. In izgradnjom velikih međašnih zidova što upućuje na only three cases demarcation was executed by build- Šime Vrkić: novi nalaz rimskog međašnog zida u golubiću... / new find of a roman boundary wall in golubić... 102 postojanje teritorijalnih sporova između pojedinih ing large boundary walls indicating to territorial con- zajednica. Veći broj natpisa i sva tri zida potječu s flicts between certain communities. Large number of liburnskog područja što pridonosi relativno dobrom inscriptions and all three walls were found in the poznavanju teritorijalnog rasprostiranja više zajed- Liburnian region which contributes to quite good nica. Ipak, pojedina liburnska područja ostala su understanding of territorial distribution of several prilično nepoznata i neistražena, posebice područje communities. However certain Liburnian regions re- uz rijeku Zrmanju. Nalaz međašnog zida u Golubiću mained litte known and underexplored, particularly mali je prilog poznavanju teritorijalnog razgraniče- the area next to the Zrmanja river. Find of the bound- nja liburnskih zajednica na tom području. ary wall in Golubić is a small contribution to better Cilj je ovoga rada, na osnovi do sada poznatih understanding of territorial demarcation between the podataka i provedenih terenskih istraživanja, po- Liburnian communities in this region. kušati odgovoriti na pitanja koje su dvije liburnske On the basis of previous information and field zajednice graničile na području međašnog zida u surveys we will try to answer the questions which two Golubiću, kakvo je bilo teritorijalno razgraničenje Liburnian communities had a border in the area of na širem području i koji su konkretni razlozi doveli the boundary wall in Golubić, what the territorial de- do izgradnje međašnog zida na tom mjestu. marcation in the wider region was and which specific reasons led to construction of a wall in this place. DOSADAŠNJE SPOZNAJE O RIMSKIM MEĐAŠNIM ZIDOVIMA NA PODRUČJU PREVIOUS INFORMATION ABOUT ROMAN HRVATSKE BOUNDARY WALLS IN CROATIA Do sada su na području Hrvatske bila poznata samo Only two Roman boundary walls have been known dva rimska međašna zida.1 Prvi od njih se nalazi in Croatia so far.1 The first one was found in the area na području sela Popovići, Donji Karin i Pridraga of the villages of Popovići, Donji Karin and Pridra- u sjevernoj Dalmaciji.2 Zid se kilometrima proteže ga in northern Dalmatia.2 The wall spreads for kil- u ravnoj liniji od sjeverozapada prema jugoistoku, ometers in a straight line from north-west towards pri tome konstantno prati sjevernu padinu krškog south-east, following northern slope of the karst area predjela Kukalj.3 Na zračnim i satelitskim snimka- Kukalj.3 On the aerial and satellite images it is evi- ma vidljivo je da se na dva mjesta lomi pod blagim dent that it breaks slightly on two spots which is why kutom što je omogućilo da na cijeloj dužini zadrži it could retain uniform distance from the Karin fields ujednačenu udaljenost od karinskih polja. Zid je throughout its length. The wall was built in the drys- izgrađen tehnikom suhozida od različitog kamenja tone technique of various stones collected in the vi- prikupljenog u bližoj okolici. Do sada utvrđena du- cinity. Length of 8 km has been defined so far, width žina iznosi oko 8 km, širina se kreće između 1,2 i varies from 1,2 to 1,5 m, and the average preserved 1,5 m, a prosječna sačuvana visina je oko 0,5 m.4 height is about 0,5 m.4 1 U ova razmatranja nije uvršten veliki suhozid koji se nalazi na 1 We did not consider a large drystone wall situated on the hill Greben brežuljku Greben iznad Jasenica kod Omiša jer je u novije vrijeme above Jasenice near Omiš as its dating to the Roman period has odbačena njegova datacija u rimsko razdoblje. O tome vidi: D. been rejected recently: D. MARŠIĆ, 2003, 438. MARŠIĆ, 2003, 438. 2 This wall was first mentioned in 1879 by conservator Josip Alačević. 2 Prvi spomen ovoga zida potječe iz 1879. godine, a zabilježio ga In the list of antiquities from the wider Benkovac region he men- je tadašnji konzervator Josip Alačević. U popisu starina sa širega tions the wall twice describing it shortly as: „muraglie lunghe pa- benkovačkog područja na dva mjesta spominje zid, koji kratko ralelle, sul Kukalj“ and „muraglie paralelle lunghe, sul Kukalj“, J. opisuje kao: „muraglie lunghe paralelle, sul Kukalj“ i „muraglie ALAČEVIĆ, 1879, 28. paralelle lunghe, sul Kukalj“: J. ALAČEVIĆ, 1879, 28. 3 S. Čače carried out a field survey of the area with the boundary wall 3 S. Čače je u razdoblju od 1982. do 1984. godine više puta reko- in the period from 1982 to 1984 when the wall remains were much gnoscirao područje međašnog zida čiji su ostaci bili puno vidljiviji easier to notice. For a detailed description of the wall: S. ČAČE, nego u današnje vrijeme. Detaljan opis zida vidi u: S. ČAČE, 1985, 1985, 793-794. 793-794. 4 Recent field survey revealed that poor wall remains on the north- 4 Nedavnim terenskim pregledom utvrđeno je da se skromni ostaci western side can be traced to the vicinity of the hamlet of Donji zida na sjeverozapadnoj strani mogu pratiti do nedaleko od zase- Zubčići in Pridraga. oka Donji Zubčići u Pridrazi. Još uvijek nije utvrđeno je li se zid protezao dalje prema sjeverozapadu. archaeologia adriatica viii (2014), 101-122 103 Sl. 1. / Fig. 1. Zračna snimka područja Donjeg Karina s označenim položajem međašnog zida, natpisa na položaju Ćukova ploča (1) i Korinija (2) (Geoportal DGU; označio: Š. Vrkić). Aerial photo of the region of Donji Karin with marked position of the boundary wall, inscription on the position Ćukova ploča (1) and Corinium (2) (Geoportal DGU; marked by Š. Vrkić). Zid je dio teritorijalnog razgraničenja liburn- Wall was a part of territorial demarcation be- skih zajednica Nedita i Korinjana.5 Njegovu dataci- tween the Liburnian communities of Nedites and ju i funkciju potvrdilo je čak šest međašnih natpisa Corinienses.5 Its dating and function were confirmed poznatih iz šire okolice.6 Natpis Finis Nediti[nus]7 by as much as six boundary inscriptions from the je sačuvan in situ, uklesan u živoj stijeni, na trasi surroundings.6 Inscription Finis Nediti[nus]7 was međašnog zida, na položaju Ćukova ploča u blizi- preserved in situ, carved in solid rock, on the trail ni zaselka Lacmanovići u Donjem Karinu (Sl.
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