Chapter II Sanskrit Poems of 21st Century
2.1 Mahākāvyas It is well-known that the tradition of poetry begins from the Vedas. The Ṛgveda, the first documented literature of human civilization, is written in the poetic form. The ādikavi Vālmiki has chosen to compose his Rāmāyaṇa in this form. Similarly Vedavyāsa, the person of encyclopedic knowledge, has written Mahābhārata in the poetic form. Kalidāsa, Bhāravi and others also followed the path of the geniuses like Vālmiki and Vyāsa and gave classic poetry to Sanskrit literature. The experiments of Sanskrit poets gave rise to various forms of poetry such as khanḍakāvya, śataka, muktaka, and mahākāvya etc. But, the mahākāvya is one of the favourite literary forms of Sanskrit poets. The tradition of mahākāvyas started longback from the time of Rāmāyana and Mahābhārata. The poem with long narrations and big in size is termed as mahākāvya.
There are various definitions of Mahākāvya given by different Sanskrit rhetoricians like Viśvanātha, Danḍi, Vāmana, Bhāmah etc. The substance of all the definitions is that the Mahākāvya should have a number of cantos. The hero should be a deity or a warrior from a noble family who possesses qualities like generosity, heroism and firmness. The main sentiments in the Mahākāvya should be erotic, heroic or śānta. It should commence with benediction. It should have variety of metres. There should be plenty of descriptions like that of the moon, the sun, the seasons, cities, mountains, rivers etc. The Mahākāvya should be named after the poet, the story or the
42 hero. One of the four goals of human life i.e. Dharma, Artha, Kāma and Mokśa should be obtained through the Mahākāvya.
The Mahākāvya in Sanskrit literature is one of the oldest literary forms. Due to its sizable length and long narrative style the Mahākāvya or the epic gives the poet a lot of space to showcase his creativity and ability. Therefore, the Mahākāvya as a literary form attracts the minds of many Sanskrit scholars. Many modern renowned Sanskrit scholars like S.B.Varnekar and Ogeti Prikshit Sharma enriched the Sanskrit literature with their marvelous contributions writing enormous Mahākāvya as on the life of Chhatrapati Shivaji and Mahārānā Pratap respectively. Satyavrat Shastri, Brahmananda Shukla, Rewaprasad Dwivedi, Abhiraja Rajendra Mishra, Rabindraa Kumar Panda and many others contributed to make Sanskrit epic literature wealthier. The age old tradition of Mahākāvya is still going on in this 21st century. The Sanskrit poets of twenty-first century are also not legging behind and are constantly in creating this large rhythmic composition. But, the modern Sanskrit poets not just always followed the footsteps of their predecessors; they followed the tradition and along with it they experimented with the themes and construction of the poem. There are poets like Dr. Harinarayan Dixit and Shrirama Dave who has gifted more than three mahākāvyas to the Sanskrit literature. There are many other authors who are also making continuous efforts in composing literature in the various forms in this 21st century and enriching it with their valuable contribution. The present chapter gives a brief account of the Sanskrit Mahākāvyas written during the time period of 21st century (2001-2011). There are total 16 mahākāvyas included in the first part of this chapter which are available to
43 me and the second part contains fourty-four Sanskrit Kāvyasaṁgrahas of various forms such as muktakas, śatakas, gazals, mono image kāvyas patrakāvyas etc.
2.1.1 Bhāratamātā Brūte Bhāratamātā Brūte is a modern Sanskrit Mahākāvya composed by Dr. Harinarayan Dixit. This Mahākāvya is published in 2003 by Eastern Book Linkers, Delhi. The epic is divided in 22 cantos and it contains 1654 verses. The author has given name to each canto of this Mahākāvya. Canto three and four has the same title.
Sr. Name of Canto Verses No. 1 मङ्गलाचरणम् 79
2 लक्ष्मीिवष्णुिजज्ञासात्मकः 45
3 हररद्वारदशतनात्मकः 95
4 हररद्वारदशतनात्मकः 63
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5 रभातसूयोदयवणतनम्- 47
6 हररद्वार- 83
ऊिषकेशदशतनात्मकः
7 स्विदशतनात्मकः 46
8 मनसादेवीदशतनात्मकः 47
9 िवश्विव ालयवणतनम् 248
10 भारतमातृमिन्दरदशतनम् 105
11 भारतमातृिमलनम् 48
12 संस्कृित- 48
सभ्यतावासवणतनम्
13 मातािपतृदुदतशावणतनम्- 112
14 यौतकदुष्पररणामवणतनम् 50
15 समाजदुदतशावणतनम्- 92
16 नारीदुदतशावणतनम् 75
17 हररकृपावणतनम् 48 18 नारीमनोवृित्तवणतनम् 50
19 दूरदशतनदोषवणतनम् 73
22 िशिादशावणतनम् 58
21 राजनीितदशावणतनम् 58
22 सान्त्वनादानम् 81
1654
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There are five more verses in the Mahākāvya about poet‟s introduction. So, the total number of verses in this Mahākāvya is 1659. The poet has portrayed Lord Viṣṇu and goddess Lakṣmī as the main characters of his epic. Dr. Dixit has given picturesque descriptions of Haridwar showing God couple‟s visit to it. There is a depiction of India and Indian culture‟s declination. The poet narrates the condition of education in the present time in the following verse. नैकेषु िशिािवषयेषु सत्स्विप
नाचारशास्त्रं बत ति पाठ्यते ।
यानेषु तीव्रा यकद दीयते गितः
तत्तेषु यो煍यो िह तदीयरोधकः ।।20.43।।1 The poet also gives glimpse of how western culture attacks on our roots and how we forget our culture and our values. Indian culture, which is one of the oldest and richest cultures, is under threat because Western culture has steadily establishing itself and wiping the Indian culture. It has greatly affected our family values, customs and traditions. There is no harm in adapting good things from other culture but one should not forget his own culture. But, we found totally opposite of it in present time. भारतीयः समाजोऽयं स्वीये संस्कृित-सभ्यते ।
रायोऽपमानयन् मोहात्परकीये रशंसित ।।12.42।।2 2.1.2 Rādhācaritam
1 Dixit, Harinarayana, Bhāratamātā Brūte, p.395 2 Ibid, p.251
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Rādhācaritam is a Mahākāvya written by Harinarayana Dixit. It is published in 2005. It contains 22 cantos and 2322 verses. There are more 17 verses given for introduction of poet. So, the total numbers of verses are 2339. No. Name of Canto Verses 1 िचन्तनसगतः 68
2 ईद्बोधनसगतः 66
3 सम्प्बोधनसगतः 277
4 कक्रयासगतः 51
5 कृतज्ञतासगतः 78
6 स्मृितसगतः 79
7 संवादसगतः 212
8 व्रजदशतनसगतः 84
9 यािासगतः 95
10 िरयदशतनसगतः 135
11 भूयोिवयोगसगतः 42
12 ऄिभनन्दनसगतः 51
13 रकृितपोषणसगतः 63
14 राधाचरणरेणुसगतः 102
15 रतीिासगतः 60
16 पररचयसगतः 76
17 द्वाररकादशतनसगतः 83
18 कृष्णगु셁जनदशतनसगतः- 146
19 ऐश्वयतसगतः 205
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20 मन्िणासगतः 70
21 देशनासगतः 163
22 महारस्थानसगतः 116
The central character of this Mahākāvya is Radha and the poem depicts Radha‟s immense love for lord Krishna. Radha and Krishna are known as epitome of love. Dr. Harinarayana Dixit has beautifully described the love and separation in love. Radha‟s unfathomable love for Krishna is echoed in each stanza of this Mahākāvya. In the very outset of the poem, the poet gives the description of Radha‟s state. किलन्दकन्या कमनीयकूले
वृन्दावने कृष्णिवयोगलीना ।
राधािभधाना वृषभानुकन्या
िवचन्तयन्त्यास्त कदम्प्बमूले ।।1.1।। 3
The poet has used various metres like Anuṣhṭup, Upajāti, Mālinī, Śikhariṇī, Vasantatilakā, Śārdulavikrīḍita etc. The language of the epic is sweet and unambiguous. The poet has proved his extraordinary capacity to write this Mahākāvya. The beautiful descriptions of the cities like Dwarika and Vrajabhoomi given in the epic denote poet‟s command over language.
2.1.3 Gvalladevcaritam Shri Gvalladevacaritam is a Mahākāvya written by Harinarayan Dixit. It was published in 2008. The epic contains 2302 verses in 27 cantos. The king
3 Dixit, Harinarayana, Rādhācaritam, p.3
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Gvalladeva of Kumaon region of Uttaranchal is a hero of this epic. The poet himself worked as a professor at Kumaon Vishvavidyalaya. So being a resident of Kumaon reigon he was aware of the life story of Folk god King Gvalladeva and was also inspired by his personality. So he penned down this epic poem. No. Title of Canto Verses 1 मङ्गलाचरणम् 56
2 कूमातचलवणतनम् 90
3 सन्तानाभावदुःखवणतनम् 87
4 पुिराप्त्यपायवणतनम् 62
5 श्रीिवभाण्डेश्वराचतनावणतनम् 101
6 ऄभीष्टपत्नीलाभवणतनम् 162
7 गभातगमनवणतनम् 43
8 सपत्नीष्यातििवणतनम् 45
9 सपत्नीकपटवणतनम् 97
10 श्रीग्व쥍लदेवजन्मवणतनम् 112
11 बा쥍यवणतनम् 106
12 सम्प्बन्धबोधवणतनम् 83
13 ग्व쥍लरत्यागमनवणतनम् 58
14 िवमातृिमलनवणतनम् 64
15 सपत्नीपश्चात्तापवणतनम् 96
16 कािलकाशाजागरणवणतनम् 64
17 मातािपतृिमलनवणतनम् 208
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18 यौवरा煍यािभषेकवणतनम् 82
19 िवमातृिवयोगवणतनम् 70
20 िपतृिवयोगवणतनम् 40
21 ऄभीष्टशासनिविधवणतनम् 63
22 रा煍यिनरीिणवणतनम् 121
23 चम्प्पावतरा煍यलाभवणतनम् 90
24 रजासुखसमृििवणतनम् 82
25 देहत्यागवणतनम् 80
26 लोकदेवत्वलाभवणतनम् 62
27 माहात्म्प्यवणतनम् 78
The Mahākāvya begins with the description of Gods, Goddesses, Parents and the king Gvalladeva. Next canto describes the beauty of Kumaon region of the current Indian state Uttarakhand and the rules of King Halaraya. Though he had seven queens, he was childless. One Yogiraja suggests king to do penance of Lord Vibhandeshwara Mahadeva. As a result of this he got his eighth queen Kalika who gave birth to his successor. There is a description of jealousy of king‟s other queens and Gvalladeva‟s childhood; later comes the description of Gvalladeva‟s comeback to the kingdom, his coronation as a king, happiness and prosperity of people of the state in his regime. In the last canto there is a description of Gvalladeva‟s departure from this mortal world and how he became lord to the people of that region. The poem concludes with the description of importance of this very poem. The poet has successfully portrayed through his pen a character of Folk God
50 of Kumaon, Gvalladeva. The language of the poem is easily understandable. The poet has used various metres to depict his emotions in the poem.
2.1.5 Jānakī-jīvanam
The ‘Jānakī-jīvanam’ is a Mahākāvya written by Dasharatha Dwivedi. It was published in the year 2006. This Mahākāvya divided in 18 Cantos. Each canto has 120 verses. There is total 2160 number of verses in the Mahākāvya. This Mahākāvya sings the glory of India and Indian culture and also gives the description of cities like Mithila and Ayodhya. It also depicts purpose of Sita‟s birth and life of common people of Mithila. There is an enticing narration of seasons in the epic. The major incidents narrated in the Mahākāvya are Dhanurmakhamahotsava, wedding ceremony of Rāma, Sītā‟s welcome in Ayodhyā, Rāma-Sītā‟s exile from Ayodhyā and stay in forest, abduction of Sītā, friendship with Sugrīva, Aśhokvāṭikā episode, search of Sītā, the war, coronation of Rāma, Banishment of Sītā, Sītā‟s entry in the lap of mother earth etc.
The language of the poem is easily comprehensible and void of ambiguity. The poet has adorned the epic using various metres like Indravajrā, Upendravajrā, Upajāti, Anuṣṭup, Vaṁśastha, Sragdharā, Mandākrantā, Drutvilambita and Śārdulvikrīḍita etc.
2.1.6 Āmbedkar Darśanam Āmbedkar Darśanam is a Mahākāvya written by Baldev Singh Mehra in 2009. A poet has chosen a towering personality namely Baba Saheb Ambedkar for representing his views on many religious issues. This epic is also considered as caritakāvya.
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Āmbedkar Darśanam is a poetical composition divided into 17 cantos and 1015 verses. The epic deals with the life story of Baba Saheb Ambedkar and his philosophy, his views on religion which are based on rationality. The poet has not given title to cantos.
No. of Verses Cantos 1 42 2 41 3 35 4 53 5 50 6 59 7 82 8 87 9 48 10 73 11 13 12 46 13 38 14 56 15 103 16 69 17 120
The poet gave detailed description of Buddhist Philosophy in the poem. The poet has also used sentences in Pali language. In this epic, the poet has
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delineated the picture of sufferings of backward people, caste based discriminations and issue of untouchability which force Dr.Ambedkar to converse into Buddhist abandoning Hinduism. The poet excellently defines who is called human. In poet‟s words - अयाित च तथा याित पृिथव्यारितिथजतनः ।
भूत्वा जनिहतैषी यो गच्छत्येह स मानवः ।। 10.52 ।। 4
2.1.7 Himācalavaibhavam Himācalavaibhavam is a Mahākāvya written by Keshavaram Sharma in 2009. The epic is divided in nine cantos and 467 verses. The poet chose to describe the beauty of Himācala in this epic poem. Though there are many other poems in literature which narrate the scenic beauty of mountains, rivers, ponds and places of Himācala region, but poet‟s own style of writing and way of expression made this work unique and noteworthy. The poem is presented in the following Sargas.
Name of Cantos Verses िनसगतसगतः 65
मुिनसगतः 47
मुिनसगतः 56
देवीसगतः 55
देवीसगतः 56
देवसगतः 33
4 Mehra, Baldev Singh, Āmbedkaradarśanam, p.101
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आितहाससगतः 34 समाजसगतः 72
ईपसंहारसगतः 49
The poem begins with the under given verse: गौरीवरो धनपतेररव धाम धाम्ना
भूसम िवभूषयित भारतवषतदेशः ।
सृष््वाष्टिभः स्वनयनैयतमवेिमाणो
धातान्यचा셁रचनािवमुखिश्चराय ।।1.1 ।। 5 The following verse from the epic reminds us the beginning verse of Kālidāsa‟s Kumārsaṁbhavam: ऄस्योत्तरां कदशमलङ्कु셁ते रकामं
हैमाचलः सकलपवततरािजराजः ।
स्थूलाङ्गतुङ्गिशखराविलिभवृततो यः
5 Sharma, Keshavarama, Himācalavaibhavam,p.1
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िििग्भयतथा सुरसररत्सुमजािभररन्रः ।। 1.2 ।। 6 2.1.8 Bhārgavīyam Bhārgavīyam is a Mahākāvya composed by Dr. Mithilaprasad Tripathi in 2008. The epic contains 32 cantos and total 1690 verses. No. Name of Canto Verses
1 भृगुचररतम् 43 2 च्यवनजननम् 42
3 च्यवनरभावो 37
4 च्यवनचररतम् 31
5 셁셁चररतम् 45
6 शुक्रचररतम् 42
7 माकतण्डेयानुचररतम् 68
8 दिधिचचररतम् 69
9 औवतचररतम् 61
10 जमदििवृत्तवणतनम् 36
11 परशुरामरभवः 43
12 परशुरामिव ाराधनम् 51
13 रामपराक्रमः 51
14 रामिव ागमः 41
15 जमदििकोपः 62
16 जमदििचररतम् 54
17 परशुरामाशीवातदराितः 61
6 Ibid, p.1
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18 काततवीयातचरणम् 91
19 सुचन्रवधः 48
20 काततवीयतवधः 51
21 गणपितसख्यम् 32
22 जमदििसंस्कारः 47
23 परशुराममखः 45
24 रामिेििनमातणम् 51
25 रामिेिवणतनम् 52
26 परशुरामकृतं 92
नवदेशिनमातणम्
27 ऄम्प्बाचररतम् 66
28 गु셁िशष्यसङ्गरम् 84
29 रामिव ारदानम् 71
30 श्रीिव ाग्रहणम् 25
31 रामरामयोः समागमः 55
32 परशुरामस्तुितः 52 Total 1690
The Mahākāvya contains many mythological stories and descriptions of Bhrugu dynasty. There is a narration of the ancient sages like Bhrugu, Chyavana, Dadhichi, Markaṇḍeya, Jamdagni and most importantly Lord Parśurāma in the epic. The main sentiment of this Mahākāvya is heroic. The poet has used total 12 metres in this Mahākāvya viz. Vasantatilakā,
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Indravajrā, Upendravajrā, Mālinī, Sragaviṇī, Śikhariṇī, Drutavilambita, Upajāti, Pañch-cāmaram, Vaṁśastha, Viyoginī, Bhujangaprayatam and Vaiśvadevī. The most used metres by the poet are Vasantatilakā and Upajāti. The poet has written five cantos in each metre. The language of the epic is simple and lucid. The example of verse from the poem: नमािम शूलान्तकरं ििशूिलनं
नमािम कालान्तकरं कपािलनम् ।
नमािम संहारहरं सदािशवं
नमािम शािन्तिरयमेव शङ्करम् ।।13.7।। 7 The epic, Bhārgavīyam is briefly summarized in the following verses: भागतवीयं महाकाव्यं पुराक쥍पिनदशतनम् ।
नैकनायकसम्प्बन्धात्पूवातिे च िवलोक्यते ।।
परकक्रयोत्तरािेऽिस्त भागतवो यि नायकः ।
भृगोश्च जमदिेश्च रामस्य परशोः कथा ।।
िवशेषतोऽि िवन्यस्ता यान्येऽिप भृगुवंशजाः ।
वर्मणता ये पुराणेषु तेषां िह परमाद्भुतम् ।।
चररतं यािाः संििप्य नव्यं रम्प्यं रबिन्धतम् ।
ऄङ्गीरसोऽि वीरोऽिस्त धमतवीरो िवशेषतः ।।
सोऽिप भिक्तपरः रायो राष्ट्रसंस्कृितभावकः ।
िविवधैवतणतनैयुतक्तं चा쥍पालङ्कारसंयुतम् ।।
श्रेिजीवनमू쥍यानां रेरकं रािष्ट्रयं परम् ।
7 Tripathi, Mithilaprasad, Bhārgavīyam, p.105
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भावनाभररतं शश्वद् भाषासार쥍यमश्नुते ।।
सुकुमारश्च मागोऽि वैदभी चािप तत्परा ।8 2.1.9 Satanāmigauravam This Mahākāvya is written by Dr. Mithilaprasad Tripathi in 2010. It is published by New Bharatiya Book Corporation, Delhi. This Mahākāvya is also known as Gurughasidasa- Mahākāvya. The poet has dedicated this epic to Guru Ghasidasa who devoted his whole life in service of poor backward people and for their betterment, he established a sect „Satyanāma’. According to him, it‟s men‟s actions which decide how the person is and not his caste. It doesn‟t matter in which caste he is born. Though he was illiterate, he has composed and sung many devotional poems in regional language. The poet writes in the preface: पथः एतस्य ऊिषः धिसया महँगूसुतो घासीदासो बभूव ।
बलौदाबाजारिेिे सोनाखानसमीपे महानदीजोंकन ोः संगमाद् नाितदूरे
िगरौदग्रामो िवलसित गुरोधातसीदासस्य जन्मभूिमः सतनािमजनानां
तीथतस्थानञ्च । शासकीया भृितमतदीया दुगतमहािव ालयादेव समारब्धा ।
छत्तीसगढीयैः िमिैः नैकवारं गु셁चररतं श्रुतमप्यासीत् । परन्तु समग्रं चररतं
ज्ञातुं डॉ. हीरालालशुक्लमहोदयानां रिचतो िहन्दीभाषोपिनिग्रन्थो मया
दृष्टचरः, तेषां दिलतोदयमहाकाव्यस्य रररचियषामारभ्य
अरकाशनमप्यहमरािम् । गु셁घासीदास-चररतानुशीलनान्मनिस मे
समुकदतासाधुचररतवणतनाथं सकदच्छा । आच्छाराब쥍यतया भगवतः
8 Ibid, p.14-15
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स्व셂पभूतं साधूत्तमं घासीदासाख्यं गु셁मािश्रत्य काव्यिमदं स्वान्तः
सुखायैव रिचतं मया9 ।
2.1.10 ŚrīParaśurāmacaritam This Mahākāvya is written by Dr. Pushkardatta Sharma. The Mahākāvya is divided in 11 cantos in 612 verses. This Mahākāvya is published by Rashtriya Sanskrit Sahitya Kendra, Jaipur in 2011. As the title suggests this Mahākāvya describes the noble character of Bhagavan Parshurama. As per the Sanskrit literary tradition, this Mahākāvya begins with the benedictory stanza. Then there is description of life of Jamdagni, father of Parashurama and rest of the Mahākāvya deals with the character of Parashurama and his great deeds. The poet has used various metres in this Mahākāvya like Śārdulavikrīḍita, Vaṁśastha, Vasantatilakā, Sragdharā, Anuṣṭup, Mālinī, Śikhariṇi, Mandākrāntā, Āryā, Upendravajrā, Drutavilambita. The poet has not given titles to the cantos. Canto Verses 1 57 2 63 3 55 4 51 5 49 6 50 7 50 8 50 9 50
9 Tripathi, Mithilaprasad, Satanāmigauravam, Preface, p.1
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10 51 11 86
The main sentiment in this epic is Vīra and it is written in Vaidarbhī diction. 2.1.11 Sāketa-saurabham Sāketa-saurabham is written by Dr. Bhaskaracharya Tripathi. It is published by Naga Publication, Delhi in the year of 2003. The Mahākāvya is based on Rāmkathā. It is divided in eight cantos and 495 verses.
No. Name of Canto Verses 1 ऄवतार 73
2 संस्कारः 68
3 संक쥍पः 86
4 सहकारः 48
5 ई ोगः 49
6 िवक्रमः 48
7 ऄिभषेकः 69
8 कदिग्वजयः 54
P. D. Mishra remarks in forward of this book:
“Rāma fits in so well in the role of an ideal hero of an epic that Indian epic tradition basically centers round him. However what distinguishes the present work is its variety of metres the
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originality of themes and the highest poetic rendering of the situations otherwise quite familiar to everyone by tradition ?‟‟10
A great work Sāketa-saurabham characteristically expresses human situations, which are universal. How fast the behavior of people changes when someone loses his power and authority is shown. It happens in the case of Bali. In poet‟s words -
आन्रवत् सवतदा स्पन्दनस्थो लसन्
नम्रशाखामृगैः िक्लष्टगत्या ययौ।
हन्त रक्तस्य पङ्के िनमज्जतनुं
नैव किश्चन्नमस्कतुतमप्याययौ ।।4.18।। 11 Sāketa-saurabham received an award from Uttar-pradesh Sanskrit Samsthan, Lucknow in 2003. The Poet, Dr. Bhaskaracharya Tripathi also received Akhila Bharatiya Pandit Jagannatha Padyarachana Puraskar from Delhi Sanskrit Akademy for this Mahākāvya.
2.1.12 Uttaranaiṣadhīyam Uttaranaiṣadhīyam is a Mahākāvya written by Ram-laxman Goswami. It is published in 2005. The Mahākāvya is divided into 22 cantos and 2818 verses. The poet has not given titles to the cantos.
10 Tripathi, Bhaskaracharya, Sāketa-Saurabham, p.1 11 Ibid, p.104
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Canto Verses 1 163 2 106 3 136 4 123 5 138 6 112 7 109 8 109 9 160 10 137 11 128 12 124 13 53 14 101 15 98 16 129 17 220 18 150 19 67 20 161 21 139 22 155
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The subject matter of this epic is the same as Shri Harsha‟s Naiṣadhīyacaritam i.e life story of Nala and Damayantī. Damayantī chose Nala as her husband in Swayaṁvara leaving the deities behind. Later Nala lost his kingdom; he abandons Damayantī and worked as charioteer in the country named Avadha. At the end Nala got his kingdom back and they lived happily ever after. But in this epic poet continues the story of Nala here after. The poet has taken his source from Skandapurāṇa and then he describes the rule of Indrasena, son of Nala, who was a righteous king just like his father. He has a son named Candrāṅgada, who got married to princess named Simantinī. Once he was boating in the river Yamunā, he drowned. He was saved by Naga-kanyas and they brought him to Nāgarāja Takṣaka. Later Nāgrāja Takṣaka became happy with prince‟s virtues and humbleness and let him go to human world after some period of time. Having heard about his arrival all the people of his kingdom become happy and he ruled for many years. Here this Mahākāvya ends with happy notes. The language of this Mahākāvya is simple and lucid. The most striking feature of this Mahākāvya is the poet has given glossary with explanatory notes; the main Sanskrit text is also followed by Hindi translation done by the poet himself.
2.1.13 SāketaSaṅgaram SāketaSaṅgaram is a Mahākāvya written by Shriram Dave. It is published by Rashtriya Sanskrit Sahitya Kendra, Jaipur in the year 2003. The epic is divided into 15 cantos and 605 verses. Whereas 599 verses in the main text and the rest six verses stand for the Kavinivedanam. Title of the epic itself gives us the idea of its subject. Sāketa is an old name of Ayodhyā, birth place of Rāma and Saṅgaram means dispute. So, Sāketasaṅgaram
63 means dispute regarding Ayodhyā. It‟s been years of our independence still there is no solution to this controversial issue. The present Mahākāvya is an expression of enraged people towards hypocrite leaders of our country. The epic is a literary document of the litigious issue of Rāma mandir‟s renovation, which taken place between the time periods of 30th October, 1990 to 6th December, 1992. The poet has not given titles to the cantos. No. of No. of Canto Verses 1 41 2 38 3 49 4 36 5 24 6 34 7 29 8 59 9 54 10 32 11 45 12 40 13 33 14 53 15 32
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The poet, Shri Rama Dave has used various metres in the epic. Such as Mālinī, Upajāti, Anuṣhṭup, Śārdulavikriḍitam, Vasantatilakā, Pañchacāmaram etc. Though the epic deals with polemical issue of dispute of birth-place of Rāma, the poet didn‟t miss to give some beautiful descriptions in the epic. One of them is a description of Ayodhyā. पुरी पुण्यश्लोका भवज्जलिधनौकाऽमरधरा
समृिा सम्राजां रिवकुलमणीनां रभुतया ।
ऄवन्ध्या तेजोिभगुतरवर-विसिश्य तपसा-
मयोध्या सद्वन् ा जयित जननी पुण्यजनुषाम् ।। 6.13 ।।12 2.1.14 Śaktivijayam Śaktivijayam is a modern epic composed by Mathuradatta Pandey. It is published in 2011. The epic is divided into 12 cantos and contains 694 verses. The poet has not given titles to the cantos.
No.of No. of Canto Verses 1 65 2 61 3 53 4 55 5 81 6 48 7 42
12 Dave, Srirama, Sāketasaṅgaram, p.31
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8 52 9 51 10 63 11 40 12 78
As the title of the epic suggests, the epic is woven around the exploits and conquests of Śakti, the goddesss Durgā over demons and devils. Satyavrata Shastri writes in appreciation of this epic: “Myths and stories about Śakti are found in abundance in Puranic literature. But the writer has drawn upon them to explore and imaginatively reconstruct them for the purpose of correlating them with the modern malice. They are symbolic of the wickedness, corruption, injustice, barbarian, lack of ethics and consequent unrest that afflict our present transformation of this society and establish a kingdom where justice, peace and prosperity reign - a Heaven on earth.”13 The poet has used around fifteen metres in the epic such as Drutavilambita, Śārdulavikrīḍita, Vasantatilakā, Mandākrāntā, Bhujaṅgaprayāta etc. Dr. Pandey has used similes, metaphors, fancies and other figures of speech. Though there is a description of Śakti in the epic, the principal sentiment is not heroic but devotion. The whole epic sings the glory of Śakti. अधारभूता जगतस्त्वमेका
त्वमेव चैवोत्सृजसीदमण्डम् ।
त्वयैव तावत्पररपा쥍येतऽदो
13 Pandey, Mathuradatta, Śaktivijayam, p.24
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यावत्त्वया संिवयते युगान्ते ।। 2.42 ।।14
2.1.15 Rājalakṣamī-swayaṁvaram Rājalakṣamī-swayaṁvaram is a Mahākāvya written by Pt. ShriRama Dave. It was published by Hansa Prakashan, Jaipur in 2001. The Mahākāvya is divided into 18 cantos and contains 1489 verses. Among them five are benedictory stanzas and rest one thousand eighty four verses stand for main text. The poet has not given titles to the cantos.
No. of No. of cantos Verses 1 95 2 64 3 80 4 63 5 88 6 61 7 78 8 79 9 89 10 111 11 97 12 126 13 98
14 Ibid, p. 24
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14 82 15 85 16 68 17 73 18 57
The epic revolves around Election. The epic focuses on the election process in interesting manner. The poet portrays lord Viṣṇu and goddess Lakṣmī and other Gods as characters in the epic along with the modern characters like Sardar Patel, Mahatma Gandhi, Lal Bahadur Shastri, Madan Mohan Malaviya, Amitabh bachchan etc. There is a satire on leaders who try to influence public conducting a campaign and bribing them. The sarcasm on Vote bank is depicted in whole four cantos. The poet addresses Vote as Brahman, and in the contemporary time whole world is moving according to his will. As a Sanskrit poet, Shrirama Dave has not forget to mention about the condition of Sanskrit in India. How Sanskrit is appreciated in foreign countries while our own people are neglecting her. धन्येयं सुरभारती गु셁पदा셂ढा जगन्मोिहनी,
देशे या समुपेिितािप लभते मानं िवदेशेऽमृतम् ।
स्वातन््येऽिप परानुगािममतयो नो जानते वैभवम्,
नूनं नैव करोित मातृभरणं वाराङ्गनालम्प्पटः ।। 15 The epic also contains comic elements. The poet used many modern words
like T.V, Cigar etc. in the poem. 2.1.15 Vanadevī
15 Dave, Shrirama, Rājalakṣamī-swayaṁvaram, p.131
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Vanadevī is a modern Sanskrit epic composed by Ramshankar Awasthi. The epic is published from Kanpur in 2011. The epic is divided in 27 cantos. The central character of the poem is Sītā. The poet addressed sita as Vanadevi because according to him, Sītā passed most of the time of her life in forests whether it‟s in chitrakuta, panchavati or Valmiki‟s Āśrama. She was more accompanied by birds, animals and wife of sages from forests than her kinsmen from the kingdom. So, the title of the epic is apt. The Mahākāvya contains the topics like separation from Sītā, Rāma‟s lamentation; Sītā took shelter at Valmiki‟s Ashrama, gloomy atmosphere at Mithīlā, Janaka‟s sorrow, Sita‟s life in forest, birth of Lava and Kuśa, Sītā‟s entry in lap of mother earth etc. The poet has used twenty seven meters in this Mahākāvya. The use of the figures of speech is noteworthy. The main sentiment in this epic is Karuṇa. Let‟s see the example of Karuṇa rasa: दूये वीक्ष्य हररिरां मनिस मे हा नेिते हाररतो
नोर्ममनृतत्यित ना गायित िपको हा िचद्भवे साम्प्रतम् ।
पुष्पन्त्य मणीवकािन गगने भूमौ, न चेतोवने,
煍योत्स्ना हा न ददाित भाितममृतं, दत्तेऽनलं जाङ्गुलम् ।।5.4।।16 The beautiful example of Anuprāsa Alaṁkāra is given by the poet: तुरङ्गा मातङ्गा कद िवकलरङ्गाः रु셁셁दुस्,
तृषासङ्गा भृङ्गाः कुसुमरसभङ्गा दुदुिवरे ।
प्लवङ्गाः िखन्नाङ्गा गृहवनिवहङ्गा दृगुदकं,
कुरङ्गाः सारङ्गा धुनरसतरङ्गा मुमुिचरे ।।9.28।।17
16 Anilkumar, Graṅthasamikṣā Vandevī mahākāvyam, Samskrit Pratibha, Vol.58, p.138
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The poet has given plenty of descriptions of nature in this epic. The following verse is a nice example of personification of Nature: ककरित लितका पुष्पश्वासैतताशनसौरभं
िवशित दयं भूत्वा शूलं िवहङ्गमकूजनम् ।
煍वरित िवरहे िसधोवीच्या रसः पिततोित्थतः
पवनिविहतश्शाखाग्रामो िवमूच्छतित िवह्वलः ।।7.12।।18
2.1.16 Paraśuramodayam-mahākāvyam Paraśuramodayam-mahākāvyam is a Sanskrit epic written by Dr. Sudhikanta Bhardwaj. It is published from Delhi in 2009. The epic is divided into 17 cantos and 1504 verses.
No. Name of Canto Verses 1 ऊचीकाश्रमवणतनम् 68
2 भृगोराश्रमदशतन 92
3 ऊचीकराजपु्यािभमुख्यम् 87 4 राजकुमारीरणयवेदना 72
5 राजकुमारीरिशिणम् 122
6 राजकुमारीसन्देशरेषणम् 75
7 राजकुमारीस्वयंवरः 113
8 श्यामकणातश्वानयनम् 83
17 Ibid, p.138 18 Ibid, p.139
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9 ऊचीकसत्यवतीिववाहः 72
12 यज्ञोत्साहः 58
11 गाधेराश्रमरयाणम् 64
12 यज्ञपूवतिवधानम् 169
13 कृतवीयतदपतिवनाशः 128
14 जमदििजन्म 62
15 जमदिितीथातटनम् 76 16 जमदिेरिभषेकः 81
17 परशुरामजन्म 122
The Mahākāvya has a story till Bhagawāna Paraśurāma‟s birth. Paraśurāma is considered as an incarnation of Lord Viṣṇu. There are many works written in Sanskrit literature in his tribute. But poet chose to write a mahākāvya on his great grandfather Rucikā. So, the hero of the epic is the son of Bhṛgu i.e Rucikā. Rucikā got married to the daughter of king Gadhi of Kanyakubja. The king put condition in front of Rucikā that he gave his daughter‟s hand to him only when he gave him thousand horses that have black ears. Later Rucikā fulfills king‟s demand and present him thousand black eared horses which he brought from Lord Varuṇa. There is also a story of two pots prepared by Rucikā on request of his wife Satyavatī, one for Satyavatī and one for his mother in law. But the pots got exchanged and as a result Satyavatī‟s grandson born with qualities of warrior i.e. Paraśurāma while Satyavatī‟s mother gave birth to the son who have qualities of Brahmin i.e. Viśwāmitra.
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The subject matter of this epic is mythological. The mahākāvya ends with the birth of Lord Paraśurāma. The poet writes in the last verse of the epic: एवं ख्यातः खरपरशुधृद् रामनामेन योगी
िवष्णोरंशो पररतुमिखलां पापवृसत्त खलानाम् ।
रोदैद् भानुर्मनिखलतमसो ध्वंशकारी जगत्यां
असगातन्तं िवमलयशसा यस्य धन्या धरेयम् ।।17.112।। 19 The poet has used various metres in the epic such as Anuṣṭup, Indravajrā, Upendravajrā, Upajāti, Vaṁśastha, Vasanta-tilakā, Bhujaṅga-prayātam, Śikhariṇī, Mandākrāntā and Śārdulvikrīḍitam. The poet has used figures of speech like Anuprāsā, Upamā, Utprekṣā, Rūpaka and Dṛṣānta etc.
2.2 Kāvyasaṁgrahas
The poetry has been always a fascinating field of literary art. Sanskrit has the rare distinction of possessing the oldest poetic work of the world in the form of the Ṛgveda but also the rare distinction of uninterrupted and continued tradition of poetry from the thousand of years. The field of poetry is most rich and substantial in comparision with areas of creation in Sanskrit literature. The modern poets have taken initiative in composing poems in modern style with modern technique under the influence of English, Japanese, Corean as well as regional languages.
New themes are being introduced and new ideas are being inculcated in the age-old language. Sanskrit poets have exhibited remarkable receptivity. The various genres and forms have been adopted by contemporary Sanskrit poets are: (1) Stutikāvya and Eulogy, (2) Anyokti or allegory, (3) Samasyāpūrti, (4)
19 Bhardwaj, Sudhikant, Paraśuramodayam-mahākāvyam, p. 421
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Romantic poetry, Personal poems, (5) Satire, Parody and Humour, (6) Poems infused with national spirit and global issues, (7) Gazals, (8) Rāgakāvya (9) Gīta, (10) Poems written for an occasion, (11) Poems imbibing Regional colours i.e. Garba of Gujarat, Lavani of Maharashtra, Bhangara of Punjab etc., (12) Khaṇḍakāvyas (13) Songs inspired by folklore, Folk-poetry of Folk-songs, (14) translations of poems in other languages, (15) Śatakakāvya and Didactic poems; (16) Laharīkāvya, (17) Dūtakāvya (18) Poems in Hindi meters like Dohā etc., (xxi) Forms adopted from foreign literatures like Haiku, Schizo, Tānkā ,Sonnet etc. This part of the chapter contains brief account of the various modern as well as classical poetic forms. There are total 44 Kāvyasaṁgrahas written during the period of my investigation i.e. (2001-2011) included for the study and to asses from the perspective of their theme, language, structural presentation and literary merit.
4.2.1 Śikhariṇiśatakam Śikhariṇiśatakam is a Muktaka Kāvya written by Shankardev Avatare. It is published from Delhi in 2009. It contains 117 verses written in Śikhariṇi metre. So the title Śikhariṇiśatakam is justified. There is no particular story or historic incident that this kāvya dealt with. Each verse of this kāvya contains a different message, which is moral, social, and spiritual in nature. The language of the poem is simple. The use of Alaṁkāras in the poem is remarkable. There are many mythological references used by poet in this poem. The verse from the poem: न सा सेवा यस्यां रसरित 셁िचः सेवनिधया
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न सा पूजा यस्यां समुदयित शािन्तनत दये ।
न सा भिक्तयतस्या भवित फल-सेवा-िविनमयः
न सा रीितयतस्यां रणितरिधकारं जनयित ।। 20 4.2.2 Lalitālavaṅgam Lalitālavaṅgam is a poem written for children by Acharya Shri Digambar Mahapatra. The book is published in 2001. This poem collection contains 41 poems and it‟s divided in two parts. These poems were written specially for children. So language of poems is easy and simple. The poet has avoided complexity. For example: ईपरर व्यातं नीलं गगनम् । ऄधस्तृणानां त쥍पम् ।
मध्ये स्वभावमधुरं रस्यम् । िशशोः सुहास्यं स्व쥍पम् । 21 This collection of poems deals with the themes like devotion, patriotism, good conduct, love for Sanskrit and Indian culture and Mother, Nature etc. One beautiful example of this poem for children is- मन्दं मन्दं वषतित जलदः, कल-कल नादैवतहिन्त न ः ।
टर-टर-शब्दं कु셁ते भेकः, ऄथवा केन कक्रयते शोकः ।।22 4.2.3 Matāntaram Matāntaram is a Khaṇḍakāvya written by Acharya Revaprasad Dwivedi. It is published by Kalidasa Samsthan, Varanasi in 2001. It contains 111 stanzas. The poet gave words to his thoughts on problems of contemporary age, changing human values and perspectives of people towards life. People are becoming selfish day by day. There is a no importance of honesty at all
20 Avtare, Shankardev, Śikhariṇiśatakam, p.52 21 Mahapatra, Digambar Acharya, Lalitālavaṅgam, p.1 22 Ibid, p.5
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in current time. People became stone-hearted. They don‟t even afraid by god; they try to cheat him too. The poet rebukes such heartless people in the poem: दयस्य समािधना िवना यो,
िनजधमत वपुषैव संिपपर्मत्त ।
ऄयसा घरटतं तदीयमन्तः–
करणं नो िवभवे िरयत्वमेित ।।23
4.2.4 Śaraśayyā
Śaraśayyā is a poem collection written by the above said poet. It comprises of three sections. It is published by Kalidasa Samsthan, Varanasi in 2002. The book has three poems viz. Sugato Braviti, Vṛddhakumārī and Śaraśayyā. Sugato Braviti contains 117 verses where poet censures the Afghani rulers who destroyed Lord Budhha‟s two thousand year old statue. According to the poet, statue can be destroyed but the principles of Buddha cannot because they remain in people‟s heart. In Vṛddhakumārī the poet writes about how too much outer beauty of Mughal women, do not let them marry and they became old and die single. This section contains 129 verses. The
third section of this collection is a Khaṇḍakāvya. Śaraśayyā contains 103 stanzas where poet describes the agonies of Bhiṣma who is on death bed. The poet says when a person choses wrong path, and then his destruction is definite.
23 Dwivedi, Revaprashad, Matāntaram, p.24
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4.2.5 Ayi Nīlanadi! Ayi Nīlanadi is a poem written by Acharya Revaprasad Dwivedi in 2009. It is published by Kalidasa Samsthan, Varanasi. The poem contains 124 stanzas. In this poem Acharya Dwivedi addresses the world‟s longest river Nile which is located in Northern Africa. The poet has described various activities which take place on the riverbank of Nile. Acharya Trivedi also compared the river Nile with the Indian rivers like Ganges, Yamunā etc.
4.2.6 Kāvyāmṛtataraṅgiṇī Kāvyāmṛtataraṅgiṇī is collection of modern Sanskrit poems by Prof. Rabindra Kumar Panda. It is published by Arvachina Sanskrit Sahitya Parishada, Vadodara in 2008. The poem collection contains twelve long poems. Among these poems four are Śataka kāvyas and three are Laharī kāvyas.
No. Title of the poem 1 ते के न जानीमहे शतकम्
2 गोधराघटनम्
3 मदमदतनम्खण्डकाव्य
4 भवाणतवशतकम्
5 क셁णालहरी
6 गु셁गौरवलहरी
7 संसारलहरी
8 मुक्तककाव्यािन
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9 भारतीदशकम्
10 रणयपञ्चािशका
11 िवश्वेश्वरीशतकम्
12 तृष्णाशतकम्
About the first poem entitled ते के न जानीमहे Harshdev Madhav remarks:
“ते के न जानीमहे” आत्युक्त्वा किवः ज्ञातुमुत्सुकः यान् स्तौितते कीदृशाः
सिन्त सन्तः? संशोधनेनोज्ज्वलाः,रितदशं सम्प्मािनताः, कामरिहताः, सेवाधमतरसं िपबिन्त ये , रसयोजनासु दिाः, भारतभाग्यभास्करसमाः ।
एते सुजना धरणीमण्डलं िनतरां िवभूषयिन्त ।
शादूतलिवक्रीडतछन्दोिवधाननैपुण्यं दृश्यत एव । ऄलङ्कारयोजना
वशवर्मतनी कवेः । भावानां चेतोहाररः िवन्यासो वततते । शैली ा । डॉ.
रवीन्रकुमारः पण्डा न केवलं किव셂पेण, ऄिपतु दाशतिनकत्वेनािप
रािष्ट्रयस्तरे कृतरितिो वततते ।24 The other poems in this collection are based on the themes like Godhara incidence which happened in Gujarat, on Sanskrit language. There are some devotional poems, and mythological stories like burning of Kāmadeva etc. It embodies the finer social sensibilities with excellent stylistic elegance. The language and style of the verses are simple and rich with thoughts as well as enchanting. The poet criticizies the bad people and praises the good ones. The poet has bitter experience about hypocrite human nature who speaks well front while preserving acute poison in the bottom of their hearts:
24 Panda, Rabindrakumar, Kāvyāmṛtataraṅgiṇī, Preface,p.1
77
ये मािं सरलं वदिन्त दये संगृ हलाहलम् ।
कस्याप्यि क्विचच्च मङ्गलकरं कुवतिन्त कायं नये।।4।।25 4.2.7 Kāragil-kāvyam Kārgil-kāvyam is a poem written by Dr. Vrajsundar Mishra. This kāvya was published by Adishail Publications, Kendrapada, Odisha in 2008. The subject matter of the poem is Kārgil war which happened in 1999. The Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpeyi named it Operation Vijaya. The poet has thoroughly described the war from its beginning to the end. The poem has 257 verses. The poem is also followed by its Oriya translation prepared by the poet himself. In the beginning of the poem, Dr. Mishra has given information about date to date happenings of Kārgilwar which lasts for 74 days and more than 407 soldiers got martyrdom in it. The poet has also given brief introduction of 13 martyrs who belonged to Odisha. The language of poem is simple and lucid. The poet has experienced pain of family members of the soldiers.
परं िववाहस्य कदन द्वयाद् या
कान्ता स्वकान्ताय दृदौ िवदायम् ।
िरयस्य वक्िं न पुनदतदशत
क्रूरः कृतान्तः समरे जहार ।। 141।।
नवोढभत्तात िमलनाच्च- पूवं
स्विाः समस्ताः रययुः समािधम् ।
स श्रीिनवासः पररहाय कान्ता-
मशेन मृत्योर्महम-शीत-त쥍पे ।। 142 ।। 26
25 Ibid, p.1 26 Mishra, Vrajsundar, Kārgil-Kāvyam, p.29
78
Prof. Rabindra Kumar Panda has also composed a long kāvya published by Arvachina Sanskritam. It is called Kārgilam.
2.2.8 Lastakaḥ Lastakaḥ is a collection of poems written by Dr. Bhagavatilal Rajpurohit. The book is published in 2006. This poem collection has five parts namely - िनयतािरा, न वा, पुननतवा, पागम and ऄिभज्ञानम्. The first part of the collection comprises of 34 poems. The poet prays to all the Gods and Goddesses of Ujjayinī viz. Mahākāleśwara, Harasiddhi Devī, Ciṅtāmanī Gaṇapati etc. The poet belongs to Ujjayinī. So naturally he made his birth place is a subject matter of many of his poems. An example: ईज्जियिन िसरा-िवलािसनी
पावतणचन्र-िवकासरािगणी
िवक्रमरत्नरमोदहािसनी
भतृतहरे셁पकण्ठ-वािसनी
वासवदत्ता कथा रिसिा
भोजमुग्धवागथतनिसिा
कािलदास-िवभ्रमिवलािसनी 27।।
He has also written a poem on ससहस्थ. The poet has tried his hands on topics
like election in his poem entitled िनवातचनकाल. The poet compares political leaders with monkeys who frequently change their parties according to their benefits. दलमास्वा दलान्तरं चास्वादनाय वृिान्तरं यािन्त ।
शाखामृगायते तु काले िनवातचने राते ।। 28
27 Rajpurohit, Bhagvatilal, Lastakaḥ, pp.78-79
79
The poet also includes two Prakrit poems viz. कािलदासकिवअ and ितपथ in this poem collection. He has also included two prose writings namely
कक쥍लारीमाता and िविनमयः in this poem collection.
2.2.9 Sarvaśuklottarā Sarvaśuklottarā is a collection of poems written by Dr. Ramakant Shukla. This poem collection comprises of 68 poems. Index also contains dates on which day the poem was written. The book is published by Devavani Parishad, New Delhi in 2008. As per the Sanskrit Literary tradition the poet commences his book with the benediction. कुन्देन्दुिहमधवलां धवलवस्त्रावृतां हंसिस्थतां
वरकच्छपीझङ्कृितपरां ब्र ेशनारायणनुताम् ।
मालाधरां पुस्तकधरां िनःशेषजाड्यिवलोिपनीम्
ऄिय्यिव ािवभवदां वाणीं वयं वन्दामहे ।।2।। 29
The poem entitled रौित ते भारतम् is a parody (रितकाव्यम्) of poet‟s own
poem भाित मे भारतम्. In previous poem भाित मे भारतम् where the poet described splendors and richness of Indian culture and drew a positive picture of India. While here in रौित ते भारतम् the poet introduces us with the current condition of India, harsh reality of today‟s India. रेलयानेषु िभिापरान् बालकान्
ऄङ्गहीनानवस्त्रान् दयोत्पादकान् ।
गािलिभः पोिषतान् न्यक्कृतैस्तोिषतान्
वीक्ष्य िचन्तामयं रौित ते भारतम् ।। 30
28 Ibid, p.65 29 Shukla, Ramakant, Sarvaśuklottarā, p.1
80
This poem collection also contains a शतककाव्यम् entitled तुरीनो-
स्मृितसपादशतकम्. It is a beautiful and detailed description of 11th world Sanskrit Conference held in Turin, Italy in 2000. This Kāvya also falls in the category of रवासकाव्यम्. The poet has also penned down the burning issue of current age i.e. terrorism. He has lashed out the terror attack on America‟s world trade centre in his poem entitled अतङ्कवादस्य घोरताण्डवम्.
Sarvaśuklottarā has a collection of various form of poetry. It contains स्तोिकाव्यम्, शतककाव्यम्, रवासकाव्यम् etc.
2.2.10 Bhāgīrathī Bhāgīrathī is an important collection of Muktakakāvya written by Gobind Chandra Pandey, a great historian and philosopher and this book has received Saraswati Samman. The poet is well-known for his significant contribution in Sanskrit literature. The poem is published from Ilahabad in 2002. It is divided in seven parts: 1. Loka, 2. Kāla, 3.Vasantānalaḥ, 4. Bhāgirathī, 5. Śatadalam, 6. Dakśiṇāpathe Jayasimahaḥ and 7. Pratyagbimbāḥ. There are 254 verses in this poem collection. The first four parts have poems according to the title of the part. Vasantānalaḥ describes nature and various seasons. Śatadalam has a depiction of various incidents and beauty of Himālaya. This part also contains a beautiful description of Vṛndāvana. The fourth part entitled Bhāgirathī contains poems on both the divine Ganges as well as the vast ocean.
30 Ibid.,p.27
81
Being influenced by the eternal flow of mother Gaṅgā, the poet has become very much philosophical and presents the ultimate truth of life in a heart-felt way: याता नः िपतरः रवाहपिततास्त्वं िनर्मवकारं िस्थता
यास्यामो जल-केिल-फेन-सदृशाः शान्तं िचरं स्थास्यिस ।
दग्धेष्वेव कृपाकरी त्वमथवा स्वगातवतीणात धराम्
ईत्सङ्गे तव िवश्रामिहत-िधयो मुिक्त रतीिामहे 31।। The description of rain throughout this collection becomes very much interesting and highly appealing to the readers: व्यहािस चामीकर-िशििनी 셁चा ।
धनाधनश्लेष िवकिम्प्पिव ुता
व्यलेरवी चञ्चत्रभलेखया िणं ।
कदवः पृिथव्याश्च समागमिणः32 ।। In the present poem collection, Dr. Pandey pays homage to Vālmikī and Kālidāsa and eulogises their achivements. The language of the poem is simple and easy to comprehend. The style of writing showcases a great command on Sanskrit language of the poet. The poet is also received award for this poem. Dr. Jagannatha Pathak has composed few verses to appreciate Prof. Govindchandra Pandey for his work Bhāgīrathī. गोिवन्दचन्र भवता िवलिणसङ्गमः कृतो भाित ।
किवतादशतनयोररह काव्ये भागीरथीत्याख्ये ।। 1 ।।
भागीरथ्यामेते रवािहता श्रीमता स्वहस्तेन ।
31 Pandey, Govindchandra, Bhāgīrathī, p.102 32 Ibid, p. 33
82
चेतोहराः स्फुरिन्त िस्नग्धा दीपा आव श्लोकाः ।।6 ।। भागीरथीयमेका दीपिशखा वाङ्मयी समु쥍लसित ।
रशमियतुं न समथात न कािप वात्या भवेदेनाम् ।। 10 ।। 33 2.2.11 Balākā This is the anthology of Sanskrit poems by Dr. Rabindra Kumar Panda. It is published by Arvachina Sanskrit Sahitya Parishad, Vadodara in 2006. The book contains 63 poems and one Lahari Kavya. The laharikavya entitled Pranay-lahari has 163 muktakas. The whole collection of poems is composed in non-metrical style. The language of the poem is quite easy that even non-sanskrit people can understand it and enjoy it.
Banmali Biswal remarks:
“ पण्डा जी की रणयलहरी संवेदना व िश쥍प दोनों ही दृिष्टयों सेएक ऄद्भूत लहरीकाव्यहै । संस्कृत सािहत्य का यह रथम लहरीकाव्य कहा
जा सकता है जो मुक्तछंद में िलखा गया है । आस लहरी की हर किवता में
रणय शब्द कहीं िवशेषण तो कहीं िवशेष्य के 셁प में रयुक्त अ है । आसमें
किव ने नये िबम्प्बों व रतीकों के माध्यम से ऄपने अन्तररक रणय भाव को
ऄिभव्यक्त ककया है । सम्प्पूणत संग्रह में रणय केपूवत„मम‟ यह िवशेषण भी
जुडा अ है । आसमें स्पष्ट है कक अत्मकथ्य शैली से काव्य रस्तुितके
आच्छुक किव ने यहाँ ऄपने ही रणय का साधारणीकरण करने का रय़ास
ककया है ।34‟‟
मम रणयः स्नेहसमुरस्य
33 Ibid, pp.73-74 34 Biswal Banmali, Balākā, Dṛk-Bharati, Vol. 14, p. 37
83
िविचमाला ।। 61 ।। मम रणयः ईद्वेिलतसमुरस्य िवस्तीणतबालुका ।। 62 ।।35
The following example from the poem collection in which the poet praises his motherland Odisha:
Example:
ईत्कलजननी
वीररसिवनी ।
ईत्कलममता
िचत्तिवमोिहनी । Prof. Mukund Vadekar, former Director of Oriental Institute, The M.S. University of Baroda remarks:
नवीनोऽयं काव्यरकारोऽछान्दसः, ककन्तु चमत्कृितपूणो नवकिविभः
समाकरयमाणो दरीदृश्यते । दयस्य भावनानां समुरेकः काव्यिमित
पररपाटीमािश्रत्य यकद काव्यानामेतेषामास्वादनं कक्रयते चेत्,
काव्यान्येतािन सदयदयाह्लादकािन िवलसन्तीित नाि ककमिप
शङ्कास्थानम् । िविवधच्छन्दःसु रचनाकुशलानां डॉ.पण्डामहोदयानां
नवीनोऽयं काव्यावतारस्तेषां स्वदयस्थभावनोरेकमाधुिनकजीवनस्य
वास्तिवकं िचिणं च रदशतयतीत्यि न मतद्वैिवध्यम् । 36
कथं कररष्यािम सुखेऽहं शयनम् ।
35 Panda, Rabindra Kumar, Balākā, Praṇayalaharī, pp. 161-162 36 Balākā, Preface, p.1
84
दुनीितदनुजं पश्यित नयनम् ।।
जननीसमा मे धरा रदूिषता
राणदाियनी रकृितदूतिषता
ऄनादृता यदा संस्कृतभारती
गिमष्यािम कथं योगिनकेतनम् ।। १ ।।
कथं------
देशेऽधुना यदा बुभुििता बालाः
तेषां कृते न सन्तीह पाठशालाः
िनयातितताः सिन्त यदा नारीजना
बलात्कारव्यािधवतधतेऽनुकदनम् ।।२।।37 Prof. Rabindra Kumar Panda has written a laharīkāvya unlike the laharīkāvyas of Śankara and Panditrāja Jagannātha. Some examples are here. रणयलहरी
ऄत्यन्तरणयसमुरस्य
सीमा कुि ?
ऄक쥍पनीयसौरभस्य
पुष्पवारटका कुि ?
ऄहिमह कामकीटः
कामयेऽहं रणयस्य क쥍पवटमेव ।
ऄधुना
मम रणयवृिे
फलािन सिन्त
37 Ibid.,pp.92-93
85
न तु पुष्पािण ।
२.
मम रणयपुष्पे
सौरभमिस्त
न तु सौन्दयतम् ।
३.
मम रणयलतायामिस्त
सुकुमारता
न तु गितशीलता ।
४.
मम रणयबीजे
समुत्साहोऽिस्त
न तु सामथ्यतम् 38। 2.2.12 Dāmpatyam „Dāmpatyam’ is a poem collection written by Dr. Naresh Batra. The book is published by Abhishek Prakashan in 2010. The book contains Sanskrit as well as Hindi poems. Sanskrit poems are written by Dr. Naresh Batra while Hindi poems are written by his wife Dr. Pratima Purindh. So, it‟s a joint venture of husband and wife. Therefore the poet gave title to this poem collection as „Dāmpatyam’. Sanskrit poems are divided in two parts. First part contains Sanskrit kāvyas, Gīta and Second part consists of ten Patrakāvyas. The subject matters of most of the Sanskrit poems are patriotism and Indian Culture. By his poems
38 Ibid.,pp.102-103
86
the poet tried to awake interest in youth for Sanskrit and our culture. The following poem has tinge of modernity. भारतीयसभ्यता पिश्चमं पलायते
अत्मजा स्वतन्िता दुर्मवनीतायते ।
देवभाषाियः अंगली िवतायते ।।
सम्प्पाितवंशजः िवहायसा पलायते ।
गृध्रग्रामो नृिवग्रहेऽधुना नृपायते ।।
भारतीय सभ्यता पिश्चमं पलायते ।
लेखनाय लेखनी रोटोमैकायते ।।
ब्र चारी बटुः वाडत सिायते ।
पूजनीयः गु셁ः हन्त टीचरायते
ईपवीतं गतं टाइ लम्प्बायते ।
मेखला गता िशशोः बै쥍ट बन्धायते ।।
दण्डधारणं तथा कािपरिका गता
महाघतकगतलानां पुिस्तका अगता
शीलवारकञ्चुकं बािलकासु िनगततम् ।
जानुलम्प्बांशुकं सवततस्त्रपायते ।।
ऄम्प्बा माता गता मॉम मम्प्मायते ।
तातः िपता गतः डैड पापायते ।।39 The second part of poem collection where the poet wrote letters to his sisters, friends and Gurus. 2.2.13 Gīrgītiḥ
39 Batra, Naresh, Dāmpatyam, p.13
87
Gīrgītiḥ is a collection of Sanskrit poems written by Prem Shankar. The book is published by Sahitya Bhandar, Allahabad in 2011. The poems of this collection are divided in four parts according to their subject matter. First part consists of Stutiparakakāvyas. The poet named the part as Devārpaṇam. The second part is entitled as Deśārpaṇam where the poet included poems with subject matter of patriotism, freedom, on our national flag and Mahatma Gandhi etc. The next part is named as Lolārpaṇam; in this part the main theme of poems is love, while the fourth part Lokārpaṇam contains poems on general subjects. The poet has also included Hindi Bollywood songs written by him Sanskrit. िमलतीित जीवनेऽिस्मन् मैिी यदा कदा ।
भवतीित वै सखीनां कृपा नैव सवतदा ।।40 Dr. Rajendra Tripathi „Rasaraja‟ remarks about the poem collection: शमात जी के संस्कृत गीतों में सहजता, सरलता, होने के साथ-साथ जन-
सामान्य से जुडी संवेदना䴂, सहानुभूितयो, सामियक समस्याओ,
संघटना䴂, राष्ट्र रेम, देश-भिक्त, अध्याित्मक-िचन्तन, भगवद्भिक्त,
स्नेिहल भावनाएं और ऄन्यान्य ऄनुभूितयों को यथावसर समािवष्ट ककया
गया है । लोकपाल िवधेयक, कालका मेल ट्रेन की दुघतटना जैसी ऐसी
रचनाएँ हℂ िजनमें किव का तात्कािलक क셁णारत दय स्पिन्दत होता अ
दृिष्टगत होता है । रकृित रेम, मानव रेम, सौन्दयत, सद्भाव, समरसता
जैसी संवेदना䴂 के साथ-साथ राष्ट्रीय एवं सामािजक संचेतना से जुडी
रचनाएं ऄत्यन्त सरल, सुबोध, लिलत, गेय और सुमधुर रतीत होती हℂ।41 The following poem is on the contemporary theme of Lokapaal:
40 Sharma, Prem Shankar, Gīrgītiḥ, p.114 41 Ibid., p.18
88
लोकपालः
जनैर संयाच्यते लोकपालः ।
यदन्नाकदिभमुतच्यतेऽयं िवडालः ।।1।।
कदथेन दंष्टोऽस्मदीयो िह देशः ।
ततो बाध्यते राष्ट्र-चक्रस्य जालः ।।2।।
कदथत-रभावाज्जनाक्रोश एवम् ।
क्रयो िवक्रयोऽभून्महाघतः करालः ।।3।।
तथा छ मुरा परीतः कुचालान् ।
चलत्येव पाकः सुरक्तः श्रृगालः ।।4।।
िवदेश-िस्थतं तिनं राप्य शीघ्रम् ।
रमोकदष्यते भारतीयो मरालः ।।5।।
रदध्मात अन्दोलनाथंतु कद쥍쥍याम् ।
तदा रामदेवेन शङ्खो िवशालः ।।6।।
रसुता बलैघतर्मषता राििकाले ।
िस्त्रयो बालवृिाः िवषण्णः स कालः ।।7।।
आयं वततते लोकचचातऽिप िचन्ता । 2.2.13 Sinīvālī Sinīvālī is a poem collection in Sanskrit written by Ram Karan Sharma. This poem collection was published in 2003. It contains 46 Sanskrit poems and 760 verses. In the very outset of the book, the poet bows down to the goddess of speech Vāgdevī. In śaktiśivam he pays homage to Lord Śiva and Goddess Pārvatī and in Jai Hanumānā guṇasāgar he praises lord Hanumāna. The poet eulogized the mother India in following words: िहमालयो यतः िपताऽिस्त िवश्वमा셁त्तमो
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महोदर्मधतः िपताऽिस्त िवश्वसम्प्पदः िश्रयः ।
यतश्च जाह्नवी रसूः सरस्वती तथा सररत्
नमािम भारतं रभारतं तमुन्नताननम् ।। 7 ।। 42 There is a description of development of the country; social blemishes like violence, greediness, corruption, cheating etc. One can read the noble thoughts of the poet in the poem Āpaṇameva jagadidam. He will never sell his soul in the market of this world. िवक्रीणे नात्मानं नाहं धमं च िवक्रीणे ।43 2.2.14 Āryavilāsa Āryavilāsa is a Sanskrit Muktakakāvya composed by Ramji Thakur. This kāvya was published in 2009. This kāvya has 346 verses. The poet has written on themes like status of women in contemporary society, social condition, political scenario etc. In poet‟s words – जले स्थले गगने वा
नृत्यित सहसा सदैव कुरटलेयम् ।
दूरे शािन्तलीना
क्विचदिप दीनेव िव ते हन्तः ।। 32 ।। 44 About Modern leaders poet writes: िवत्तबलार्मजतिवजयो
लुण्ठनपटुतां दधच्च िनःशङ्कम् ।
सदिस सखे नैितकतां
42 Sharma, Ramkaran, Sinīvālī, p.73 43 Ibid, p.156 44 Thakur, Ramji, Āryavilāsa, p.18
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व्याचिाणो िनग ते नेता ।।113।।45 About leaders of former times – भारतवीरसुपुिं
गुजतरितलकं स्वदेशसम्प्मानम् ।
व쥍लभपटेल िवकदतं
स्मरािम सत्यव्रतं महात्मानम्46 ।।११२।। As the title suggests Āryavilāsa the whole poem is written in Āryā metre. There is no definite order given to the subjects of the poem in poet‟s words – रस्तुत काव्ये िवषयानुसारेण न कोऽिप क्रमः । एकिस्मन् कुसुमभाजने
यथा िविवधपुष्पािण ऄविचत्य संगृ न्ते तथैवािािप
नैकिवषयणभावािन प ािन संगृहीतािन सिन्त।47 2.2.15 Kāvyavilāsa Kāvyavilāsa is a collection of Sanskrit poems written by Omprakash Thakur. It is published in 2008. This book contains 138 poems. Most of them are Muktakakāvyas and few are Gītas. These muktakas are preaching ethics. They advise to leave vices and learn merits. The poet narrates current social conditions live violence, jealousy, greediness, hypocrisy, corruption, cheating etc. The poet has also given Hindi translation of these poems.
(भ्रष्टाचारः) Reality of today‟s time- रजािहताथे दत्तं िवत्तं
कु셁ते कस्य मनस्तोषं
ऄिधकृतपु셁षाणां तत् रायः
45 Ibid, p.33 46 Ibid, p.33 47 Ibid, p.10
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संवधतयते धनकोषम् ।। 279 ।।48
2.2.17 Śemuṣī Śemuṣī is a Sanskrit poem collection by Ram Karan Sharma. The book was published by Pratibha Prakashan, Delhi in 2009. This poem collection contains 16 poems. The title of the book borrowed from the ninth poem of
this collection i.e. शाश्वतं शेमुषीवैभवम्.
Use of English word in verse –
मुरािभरािभररह “पाककट”– माररतािभः
कक सेत्स्यते तव मनोरथ अतकामः ।
अनन्दमाप्यस्यिस ककमि सखे त्वमेवं
मुष्णन् सदा परधनं छुररकािभरािभः ।।२।। 49 2.2.18 Sudharmā Sudharmā is a collection of Sanskrit poems written by Ram Karan Sharma. It was published by Pratibha Prakashan, Delhi in 2008. This poem collection contains 16 Sanskrit poems. All the poems have different subject matters „Devayāni‟ has a content of God-demon war. „Ahalyā‟ is based on well- known story of Rāmāyaṇa, etc.
One verse from the poem collection Sudharmā –
िशवः पातु िवश्वं सदा कालकूटाद्
ईमा पातु दैन्यात् समा कदव्यशिक्तः ।
िवसगतः स रामस्य सवातन् पुनीतान्
ऄनुग्रिहका स्तात्तथा कृष्णगीता ।।11।। 50
48 Thakur, Omprakash, Kāvyavilāsa, p.82 49 Sharma, Ramkaran, Śemuṣī, p.90
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2.2.19 Karuṇā Karuṇā is a collection of Sanskrit poems written by Ramkaran Sharma. It was published in 2007. There are total 32 poems in this collection and total 554 verses are there. One beautiful verse from this collection: सवं ममैव कक तव
िवषवृिाणािमदं जगित मूलम् ।
आदममृत셁सुमूलं
य आदं न ममेित भावो नः ।51
2.2.20 Kāvyasudhā Kāvyasudhā is a collection of poem in Sanskrit. It is composed by Dr. Keshavram Sharma. The book was published in 2008. This poem collection contains 24 poems. These poems are divided in three parts according to their
subject matter. The first part is Stutikhaṇḍa. In this part the poet writes
Stutikāvya on Lord Gaṇeśa, Lord Śiva, Hanumānā and Goddess Durgā. The second part of this collection entitled Balidānavīrāḥ the where poet salutes our national heroes Subhashachandra Bose, Mangal Pandey, Ramprasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla-khan etc. The third part entitled Prakīrṇāḥ contains
poems on different subjects like संस्कृितः,भारती, मेट्रो यानम् etc.
2.2.21 Sparśalajjākomalā smṛtiḥ ‘Sparśalajjākomalā smṛtiḥ‟ is a modern Sanskrit poem collection by Dr. Harshdev Madhav. It is published by Parshva Publication, Ahemdabad in 2007. This poetry collection consists of 150 poems. It has variety of forms.
50 Sharma, Ramkaran, Sudharmā, p.18 51 Sharma, Ramkaran, Karuṇā, p.40
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It contains parody, century-poem, Gazals, gītikāvya, mono-image kāvya and Haiku etc. Dr. Madhav is known for composing mono-image poems in modern Sanskrit literature. He also has credited to introduce Japanese poetry forms Haiku, Tanka and Korean poetry form Sijo to the modern Sanskrit literature. Keeping the three line formation of Haiku in the mind, Dr. Madhav named it
िब쥍वपिम्.
The example of Haiku from this poem collection: धटोऽिस्त लघुः । कूपे आरे....सिललम् । श्रान्तौ चरणौ52 ।
2.2.22 Mūkaṁ Nimaṅtraṇam Mūkaṁ Nimaṅtraṇam is a collection of new Sanskrit poems written by Dr. Maheshchandra Sharma. The book was published by Decent publishers and Distributors, Delhi in 2008. This poem collection contains 55 achāṅdas Sanskrit poems. The poet commences this book with the poem „सवं खि쥍वदं
ब्र । ब्रा ण भोजनम् narrates social inequality where poor beggars driven away from „भोजनमण्डपम्. दायज, वैवश्यम्, नारी ऊणम्, युवितः & ऄशक्ता पत्नी’
highlight the problem of women and their exploitation. Many poems of this collection have picture of contemporary society. The poet composed these poems in free style.
2.2.23 Vraṇo Rūḍhagranthiḥ
52 Madhav, Harshdev, Sparśalajjā Komalā smṛtiḥ, p.12
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Vraṇo Rūḍhagranthiḥ is an anthology of poems by Harshadeva Madhav. It is published by Parshva Prakashan, Ahmedabad in 2010. This poem collection is divided in three parts: 1. Vraṇo Rūḍhagranthiḥ (51 poems) 2. Alakanandā (28 poems) 3. Mṛgayā (20 poems) The first part contains poems on subjects like life insurance agent, bomb, and advertisements in newspapers etc. The second part of this collection contains mono image poems on Samudraḥ, pāśāṇaḥ and santrāsavādaḥ etc. Harshdev Madhav‟s poetry possessed almost all kinds of experimentation in subject and diction both. In the field of format and diction he has experimented in the newest poetic styles, has written Haiku, Tanka, Sizo verses in Japanese pattern.
2.2.24 Paśupakṣivicintanam Paśupakṣivicintanam is a Khaṇḍkāvya written by Harinarayana Dixit. It is published in 2008. This Khaṇḍakāvya is divided into two parts viz. Pūrvārdham and Uttarārdham. Both the part contains 190 stanzas in each. There are more six verses at the end of the poem for poet‟s introduction. So, the poem has total 386 verses in number. In the present poem, the poet tries to describe the pains and miseries of animals and birds. The poem highlights the pitiable condition of fauna due to cruel human behavior. Vidyadhara‟s letter to country‟s Prime Minister regarding animals and birds poor condition in this human world and requesting for the solution of their problems is interestingly written by the poet.
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Language of the poem is simple and lucid and the flow of the language is suitable for the subject matter of poetry. The poet has used modern words like tractor, tanga etc. as it is in Sanskrit. Poet mainly used Anuṣṭup and Bhujaṅgaprayātam metres in the poem. The poem gives message of non- violence and protection of nature. 2.2.24 Ajamohabhaṅgam Ajamohabhaṅgam is a Khaṇḍakāvya written by Harinarayan Dixit. It is published by Eastern Book Linkers in 2009. The poem is divided in six cantos viz. Ajāśaktivarṇana, Vasantavarṇana, Ajavihāravarṇana, Priyāmṛtyuvarṇana, Ajamohavarṇana, Ajamohabhaṅgavarṇana. The total numbers of verses in the poem are 410. At the end of the poem, we find six verses of brief introduction of the poet. This Khaṅḍakāvya describes story of King Aja, Raghu dynasty. The poet has depicted the pathetic condition of king Aja due to the accidental death of his beloved wife Indumatī. The king became very sad and he lost interest in his life. He became indifferent and gave up all his duties. At that time the family priest of Raghu dynesty Sage Vaśiṣṭha gave advice to the king Aja. स्वजनस्यािप तन्मृत्यौ मोहः कायो न धीमता ।
सुिधयोऽपररहायेऽथे मुधा मोहं न कुवतते ।।6.63।। 53 At last the king Aja, having heard the preachings of Vaśiṣṭha realizes his mistake and comes out of the sorrows. The poem is written in Vaidarbhi style. The poet has also provided Hindi translation of the poem. So it is easy to understand by non-Sanskrit readers.
53 Dixit, Harinarayana, Ajamohabhaṅgam, p.141
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2.2.25 Manujāś śṛṇuta Giram Me Manujāś śṛṇuta Giram Me is a Sanskrit muktakakāvya composed by Harinarayana Dixit. It is published by Eastern book linkers Delhi in 2009. The book contains 386 verses, where 380 verses stand for main text and rest 6 verses are for short introduction of the poet. The main theme of the poem is present condition of the society. He reveals the real picture of society in the following words: ऄि न किश्चत् स्वीयो न चािस्त किश्चत् परो जनस्संसारे ।
स्वाथे साध्ये सवे स्वीयािस्सिे भवन्त्यमी चास्वीयाः ।। 230 ।। 54
2.2.26 Muktāśatī Muktāśatī is a collection of 101 verses written by Dr. Ram Vinay Sinh. The book is published by Winsar Publishing Company, Dehradun in 2010. The subject matter of these 101 verses is different from each other. So, they are free and not inter connected. Therefore, the poet entitled this book as Muktāśatī. The poet has also given Hindi translation of the Sanskrit verse. The verses from this book based on the themes like life, world, love, beauty etc. When the poet himself translates his works in other languages, it does wonder and same happened here. The Hindi translation of the verses is so apt. मदीये चेतिस रीितः त्वदीये वा न वा,
त्वदथं राणदानीितः त्वदीये वा न वा,
रणयदेवेन कृपया सत्कृता सत्यं महाघात
54 Dixit, Harinayana, Manujāś śṛṇuta Giram Me, p.79
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नवा िविम्प्भदारीितः त्वदीये वा न! वा ।।17।। 55
Hindi Translation: ककया है मℂने तुमसे प्यार, तुम करो न करो,
क셂ँ मℂ तुमपे जाँ िनसार, तुम करो न करो,
ऄजी, ई쥍फत है बडी चीज खुदा की नेमत
ककया है आससे ऐतबार, तुम करो न करो !
2.2.26 Cayanam Cayanam is collection of poems by Bhuvaneshwar kar Sharma. The book is published by Shri Prakashan, Bhuvneshwar, Odisha in 2004. The poet has included poems on various themes in this collection. It contains स्वागतम्, िववाहगीतम्, कािलदासरशिस्तः, बिलवामनवृत्तम्, भारतिवजयताम् etc.
जाितसंघबकमतसूज्जवलं स्वं मतं रकटयद् गु셁स्वरम् ।
िवश्वशािन्त सृजने सदा सरद् भारतं िवजयतां िवराजताम् ।। 10 ।।56
Last ten poems written for समस्यापूर्मत by using word „व्यवस्था’.
2.2.27 Jīvāturasamādhvīkam ‘Jīvāturasamādhvīkam’ is a collection of modern Sanskrit muktakas written by Praveen Pandya. It is published by Rashtriya Sanskrit Sahitya Kendra, Jaipur in 2010. The poet has made his experiences of life a subject matter of this collection. The poet has written in free style. He doesn‟t bind his work in any material structure.
55 Sinh, Ramvijay, Muktāśatī, p. 36 56 Sharma, Bhuvneshwar kar, Cayanam, p. 34
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Example: वीिन्ते मूकं नािवका हस्तौ बिवा िस्थत्वा तटेदृढम् ।
िनमज्जित जीवननौका िस्नग्धां िेपणीं िवना शान्तेऽिप सागरे ।।91 ।।57 He has also provided self-made Hindi translation.
2.2.28 He Madīya Dūrabandho ‘He Madīya Dūrabandho’ is an anthology of Sanskrit poems written by Paramba Shree Yogamaya. The book is published by smt. Sabita Dash in 2011. It is a collection of 51 non-metrical poems written on various subjects.
Example: त्वमेव त्वमेव िह सवं मया िवस्मृतं
भवतु सुखमथवा दुःखम् ।
ईपेििता मया स्वशरीरपीडा
िवस्मृताप्यवसरस्य बेला ।
यतस्त्वमेव महानन्दमयः
जगित केवलम् ।।58 The language of the poems is simple and easily comprehensible. 2.2.29 Tava Sparśe Sparśe ‘Tava Sparśe Sparśe’ is a modern Sanskrit poem collection by Dr. Harshdev Madhav. The book is published by Parshva Publication, Ahemdabad in 2004. This poem collection comprises of 139 poems. It has variety of poems; two Khaṇḍkāvyās, poem for children, Sonnet, Gazal and Saṁvādakāvya.
57 Pandya, Praveen, Jīvāturasamādhvīkam, p.55 58 Yogmaya, Paramba, He Madīya Dūrabandho, p.16
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Dr. Madhav is a Sanskrit poet who loves to experiment with poetry. Radhavallabh Tripathi remarks: माधव का िनराली रितभान हाआकू, ताङ्का अकद िवधाएँ कहने को
िवदेशी काव्यधारासे लीं, पर ईन्हें ऄपने रचाव में आस तरह ज煍ब ककया
है कक वे ईन्हीं की ऄपनी िवधाएँ बन गइ हℂ । 59 Dr. Madhav has written a poem in Pyramid shape and named it
िपरािमडकाव्यम्.
यः जलं समीपे ऄवलोक्य हररणिशशुः पञ्चत्वमगच्छत् स न मृगतृष्णया, ऄश्रिया जले ननु ।60
In his poem for children „िशशुगीतम्’ the poet writes: अआसक्रीमचषकं भुंक्त्वा क्रीडतः । चटकश्चटकां िवना न रमते ।61
Dr. Madhav has also included unusual theme for his poetry in this collection like red light area etc.
2.2.30 Lasallatikā
59 Madhav, Harshdev, Tava Sparśe Sparśe , p.207 60 Ibid, p.128 61 Ibid, p.42
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‘Lasallatikā’ is a collection of Sanskrit lyrics written by Dr. Haridatta Sharma. It is published by Raka Prakashan, Allahabad in 2004. Dr. Sharma also received Sahitya Akademi Puraskar in 2007 for this poem collection. The meaning of „Lasallatikā’ is „shining creeper‟. His poems have also shines of beauty and freshness. The poem collection contains 37 poems. The lyrics move around the subtle human emotions and therefore these are the representatives of human sorrows and sufferings. The poet has depicted
downfall of humanity and human values in the poem „मानवतायािा’. This
decadence of values lead to despair. Therefore, the disappointed poet writes
in क्व गता मानवता –
ऄन्धं तमो जडीकृत अत्मा
रसृता दानवता
मानवता िह गवेषयािम
क्व गता मानवता ।।
In ‘थाइभूिमरीयम्’ the poet describes his experiences of Thailand visit. He
nicely depicted the Buddhist tradition prevalent in Thailand. The language of the poem is simple and fluent. The poem collection is a good aesthetic creation with varieties of forms and themes. 2.2.31 Laghupadyaprabandhatrayī
It is written by Dr.Ramji Thakur and published in 2010. As the title indicates the work is a collection of three Laghukāvyas viz. Anuśāsanam
(khaṅḍakāvya), Līlāśukīyam and Preraṇāpuruṣaḥ Abrāham linkanaḥ.
Out of these three, the first Anuśāsanam (khaṅḍakāvya), contains 63 verses,
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while the second kāvya Līlāśukīyam consists of five cantos having 217 verses and the last one i.e. Preraṇāpuruṣaḥ Abrāham Linkanaḥ contains 64 poems. Thus the collection contains 344 verses in total.
In Anuśāsanam the poet has presented the essence of the Upaniṣadas and the values of puranic statements. For example, the poet writes:
कुवासनाजालिनबिमानसे
न शािन्तरिस्त िस्थरतािप न िणम् ।
चलत्तरङ्गे जलधौ िनपािततो
िनमज्जनोन्मज्जनलुतचेतनः।।38।। The basic essential poetic qualities such as figures of speech are applied in appropriate ways through various traditional metres. Sometimes the poet has used the metres of his mother tongue Maithili. The poet has depicted the problems faced by the people in contemporary time.62
2.2.32 Bhāti Te Bhāratam
Bhāti Te Bhāratam is a Sanskrit Parody (Pratikāvyam) written by Dr. Harshdev Madhav. It is published by Smt. Sabita Dash with the financial assistance from the Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan in the year 2007. It contains 107 verses. So we can say it śatakakāvyam. The main poem was written by Dr. Ramakant Shukla entitled Bhāti Me Bhāratam where poet sung the glory of India and Indian culture. Dr. Shukla showed the picture of ideal India but in the present poem Dr. Harshdev Madhava introduces us to the
62 Banmali Biswal, Ramji Thakur’s Creative Writings in Sanskrit, Drik, Edi. Shivkumar Mishra, Banmali Biswal, Vol. 26th&27th (combine issues), pp. 164-167
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harsh and bitter reality of current India. The poem is full of satire and we can see it in the very first verse of the poem itself.
िवश्वबन्धुत्वमुद्घोषयत्पावनं
रान्तभाषािवभक्तञ्च धमातकदिभः ।
स्वं गृहं विह्नना सेचयत्सन्ततं
चीनपाकाकदभीतं िरयं भारतम् ।।1।।63 The poet didn‟t miss to mention about the Rāma-janmabhūmi controversy, hypocrisy in the name of religion, terrorist attacks, and degeneracy of today‟s youth. रीित िजण्टा िवपाशा मयी सभ्यता
यौवनोच्छृङ्खलं तावकं भारतम् ।।22।।64 And poet end this poem with - चा셁कीर्मतः ककुष्प्याियनी रो煍वला
कावेरी-गोधरा-कािश्मरैः कीर्मतता ।।104।।65 Sanskrit text is followed by English transcreation by Dr. Arun Ranjan Mishra and Hindi-Oriya transcreation by Dr. Narayan Dash. Dr. Umesh Datt Bhatta remearks in the foreward to the poem: स्वतन्िता के ईपरांत भारत को हमने पराभव तथा ऄपकषत के
ककस ढांचे में ढाल कदया, भाित ते भारतम् ईसका िवशद् शब्दिचि रस्तुत
करता है । सांठ वषत के स्वाधीन जीवन मेंदेश के नागररको ने क्या खोया
क्या पाया, यकद आसकी िवस्तृत झांकीदेखना है तो डॉ. माधव ने भारत
की दुदतशा का िचि खींचा है वह साहस ऄन्यि नहीं िमला । ऄदम्प्य साहस
63 Madhav, Harshdev, Bhāti Te Bhāratam, p.1 64 Ibid, p.22 65 Ibid, p.104
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का चरम रयास है । डॉ. माधव की 104 छन्दों की सजतना भाित ते
भारतम् ।।66
2.2.33 Aṭalbihārivājapeyi-śatakam Aṭalbihārivājapeyi-śatakam is a Śatakakāvya written by Dr. Deva Narayan Jha. This kāvya has 100 verses in number. The book is published by poet himself in year 2007. The poet has thoroughly described personality of Atal Bihari Vajapeyi, his childhood, his education, his political career everything. Dr. Chandrabhushan Jha in his forward to the book writes –
पं. देवनारायणझामहोदयैः रणीतं वसन्तितलकावृत्तो िनबिम् ऄटलिवहाररवाजपेियशतकं नाम रसादािन्वतं गीितकाव्यं कमिप ऄ- कांग्रेस-दलीयं रधानमंििणं िवषयीकृत्य िवरिचता पुस्तक셂पेण रकाश्यमाना अ ा संस्कृतरचना वततते । भारतीयजनताकद िवराजमानानां श्रीमतो वाजपेियन् चररतीकृत्ये दम्प्रथमतया िवनर्ममतं काव्यं िनश्चरचमेव ककमिप िविशष्टं महत्वं िवभर्मत । ऄिस्मन् स्तुितकाव्ये नायकस्याजतवम्,वचोवैदग्ध्यम्, रसन्नवदनत्वम्, दपतणशून्यत्वम्,
नीितवैशार म्, सौहादतभावभरत्वम्, सच्छीलत्वम्, िव ाव्यसनम्,
लोकिरयत्वम्, राष्ट्रिहतसंवधतनाय सफलसमपतणं च सिवशेषं समुपवर्मणतािन । भाषा नायकस्य चररतिमव सुतरां सरला चेतोहरा च चकािस्त ।67 The whole poem is written in Vasantatilakā metre. The poet beautifully described personality of Vajapeyiji in following words: भाषािवशेषचटुलो मृदुलः रकृत्या
सािहत्य- सौभग- िवभािवत- भव्यभावः ।
66 Ibid, forewarding, pp.4-5 67 Jha, Devanarayana, Aṭalbihārivājapeyi-śatakam, p.12
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सौहादत- फु쥍लवदनो िवशदाशयोऽयं
कोऽप्यद्भूतः पु셁ष एष नु वाजपेयी ।। २३ ।।68
It is a स्तुितपरक काव्य, So the poet praising Vajapeyi comparise him with
Gandhi, Patel and Nehru.
रम्प्योनेयकुशलः िव सुखदः रजानां श्लाध्यो भवान् सपकद दत्तिवकासदृिष्टः ।
बापु- जवाहर- पटेलपदािध셁ढो
जीयात् रतापतयनो बुधवाजपेयी ।।94।।69
2.2.34 Ruṣiyāśatakam Ruṣiyāśatakam is a śatakakāvya written by Acharya Digambar Mahapatra. It has hundred verses. The book is published in 2003. This century poem comes under travel literature. In this poem the poet narrates his visit to Russia. In this 100 verses, the poet has described life style of Russian people, their culture geographical description, government, Russian Art, Agriculture, their efforts for World-peace Scientific and Technological developments, advancement in War-technology, Literature, Natural beauty of the rivers, Paintings, Sculpture, Political traditions of past, etc.
The poet has enriched his work by furnishing minor details about the life style of Russian people, their attitude, their humanitarian spirit, their interests and dedications for the progress and prosperity of the nation and their socio cultural traits.
Description of Volga River in poet‟s words:
68 Ibid, p.28 69 Ibid, p.48
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सन्ध्यािप जायत ईषेव तुषारयोगात्
उषस्यिप रवतीयं सुधांशुवक्िा ।
रािौ िववस्त्ररमणीव िवहाय लज्जां
पत्यै रसत िवतनुते ककमु सा रशान्ता 58।। ।। In this kāvya the poet recaptures the beauty and glory of Russia by the fascinating descriptions. The poet has relived the traditions and culture of that country and also has taken the Sanskrit readers to an unknown world. The poet has used metres like Indravajrā, Upendravajrā, Upajāti, Vasantatilakā, Anuṣṭup and Toṭaka. The poet also used Arthālaṁkāras like Upamā, Utprekśā, Rupaka, Arthāntarnyāsa etc.
2.2.35 Indirāsaurabham Indirāsaurabham is a śatakakāvya written by Dr. Ram Sumer Yadav. It has 105 verses. The book is published by Alamkara Prakashan, Jaipur in 2005. This original Sanskrit poem is followed by Hindi translation done by Ramsouhavan Yadav and English translation by A. S. Rangnatha.
The Poem begins with the benedictory stanza as per Sanskrit literary tradition. The poet bowed down lord Rāma and Kṛṣna. The whole poem is dedicated to life span of India‟s former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. The poet praises Indira Gandhi as a truthful, honest, prudent and dutiful political leader. She was against casteism and sectism. She was always determined for country‟s development. She has launched schemes like green revolution, industrial revolution, Viṁsa-sūtrī etc. Our poet being highly influenced by Indira Gandhi‟s work praises her in following words: यथा भारते भात्यसािविन्दरा वै यशोगानमस्याश्चन श्चरिन्त ।
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िहमारेः सदा तुङ्गता सागरस्य
गभीरत्वगीतं भवे कामनानाम् ।।8.6।। The poet has not only described Indira‟s life but he has also given beautiful and picturesque description of Kashmir. The poet compares Kashmir with heaven. The poet has used several metres in the poem such as Śikhariṇī, Drutavilambita, Vasantatilakā, Sragviṇī, Vaṁśastha, Upendravajrā, Upajāti and Pañcacāmara. The language of poem is simple which is easily comprehensible and enjoyable. Prof. G. C. Tripathi writes about this Kāvya:
Indirāsaurabham is a wonderful poetical composition of more or less a Khanḍakāvya (or Muktaka) type of Variety describing beautifully the main and outstanding features of the character and nature of his iron lady. Who was firm, strong and consistent in her decisions and actions and yet so soft and kind in her inner self. The kāvya is thus not only the glorification for a particular lady of singular nature but has come about to become a tribute to the woman power, the Shakti of Mother India.
2.2.36 Anubhūtiśatakam
Anubhūtiśatakam is a kāvyasaṁgraha which contains 115 verses. The book was composed by Dr. Jeet Ram Bhatt. It was published by Prakarsh (Reg.) Organization from Delhi in the year 2006. The poem has 21 different titles
such as मङ्गलानुभूितः, राथतनानुभूितः, राष्ट्रगौरवानुभूितः etc. poet has used
different meters to describe his ऄनुभूित‟s. Poet used meters like Pañcacāmara, Bhujaṅgaprayāta, Toṭaka, Drutvilambita, Nārāca etc. In राष्ट्रगौरवानुभूितः the poet writes –
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ििवगत- चक्र युद्ध्वजं ििससहिचह्नरािष्टयम्
रतीकमिस्त राष्ट्रगानमचतना च गीितका
सुप पुष्पमस्य रािष्टयः पशुश्च केसरी
मयूर रािष्ट्रय खगः धृितः श्रमश्य जीवनम् ।।२०।।70
While in संस्कृतोपेिानुभूितः poet writes that after witnessing the activities that are happening in this country and witnessing the vulgarities exhibited through the tongue by the people in their speech; the Sanskrit language slowly stated departing to the Devaloka. ककम राष्ट्रे चिलतां रवृसत्त
दृष्टवा जनानामपिवििजह्वाम् ।
गीवातणवाण्यिस्म िवचायत िचत्ते
शनैः शनैः गच्छित देवलोकम् ।।८८।।71 2.2.37 Bhraṣṭācāra-saptaśatī
Bhraṣṭācāra-saptaśatī is a Prabaṅdha Kāvya written by Dr. Shiva Sagar Tripathi. It is divided into 17 cantos and 725 verses. It was published by Jagadish Sanskrit Pustakalaya, Jaipur in 2005. Its Hindi translation is also prepared by the poet himself.
Corruption is a burning issue of present age. It is a poison which sprayed everywhere in society. Dr. Tripathi in one of his beginning verses writes-
भ्रष्टमदो भ्रष्टिमदं, भ्रष्टोऽसौ भ्रष्टसंहितः ।
भ्रष्टाचारस्य साम्रा煍यं रसृतम दृश्यते ।।1.6।। 72
70 Bhatt, Jeet Ram, Anubhūtiśatakam, p.20 71 Ibid, p. 88 72 Tripathi, Shivsagar, Bhraṣṭācāra-saptaśatī, p.2
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It is like an infectious disease. Our poet Dr. Tripathi has chosen this very topic as the theme of his Prabaṅdhakāvya. In fact Devarshi Kalanath Shastri in the Preface of this poem addresses corruption as Mahānāyaka of this poem. Today each and every field is affected with corruption, its education, politics, cinema, literary field or corporate world. रभवो भ्रष्टातायास्तु, रकरटतः पदे पदे ।
रभावो भ्रष्टतायास्तु रकरटतः पदे पदे ।।4.70।।73
The poet also made us laugh over his use of sentences like खादेत् खादयताच्चैव। The poet has used simple Sanskrit to express himself. He avoided use of difficult words and complex sentences. The poet Dr. Tripathi himself declares that he follows the direction given by Kṣemendra and mostly uses Anuṣṭup metre. शास्त्रं कुयातत् रयत्नेन रसन्नाथतमनुष्टुभा ।
येन सवोपकाराय याित सुस्पष्टसेतुताम् ।। The poet has also used few other metres at the end of cantos such as Srgvini, Bhujaṅgaprayāta and Śārdulavikrīḍita. Though it‟s a Prabaṅdhakāvya Abhiraja Rajendra Mishra writes in the Naṅdivāk of this book - िशवसागरििपारठरणीतेयं कृितः सतसगातिन्वता सािान्महाकाव्यायते ।। 2.2.38 Nāciketakāvyam Nāciketakāvyam is a Sanskrit Prabandhkāvyam composed by Dr. Harirama Acharya. The book was published in 2008. As the title suggests, the kāvya is based on Yama-Naciketā Ākhyāna of Kaṭhopaniṣada. This kāvya is divided in seven cantos. Poet has created new character Sumedhā,
73 Ibid, p.24
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who is wife of Vājāśravā and the mother of Naciketā. The poet has given pictures queue description of penance-grove of Vedic period. There are
descriptions of गु셁कुलिशिापिित, यज्ञसंस्था, दानचयात, सिमातचरणं, रकृित-
पररसेवनम् etc. The poet, Dr. Acharya also writes about his poem Nāciketakāvyam in the
स्वकथनम् –
भारतीय संस्कृतेः सनातनजीवनमू쥍यानामिप यथारसङ्ग यथाशक्यं गुम्प्फनं िविहतं येनाधुिनके भौितक-चाकिचक्यरधाने च्युतसंस्कृित – ककि쥍वषरदूिषते युगे िचरसिञ्चतानां श्रेयस्काराणां मानवीय संस्कृितमू쥍यानां पररज्ञानं भूयात्, ऄस्ताचलीयगड्डिलकारवाहपिततानां गतानुगितकदोषग्रस्तानां यूनां त्पटलेषु चादशतः भारतीयसांस्कृितकमू쥍यानां ककिञ्चत् रेखाङ्कनं भिवतुं शक्येत ।74
2.2.39 Patrakāvyam-dvitīyobhāgaḥ Patrakāvyam-dvitiyobhāgaḥ is written by the scholar Satyavrat Shastri. It is a collection of letters in Sanskrit verse. The book was published by Eastern Book Linkers, Delhi in 2008. The first part of Patrakāvyam was published in 1994 by Eastern Book Linkers. Satyavrat Shastri has set a new trend in Sanskrit literature by this work. In the beginning of his book he writes: ईद्घाटयन् मम मनोगतसूक्ष्मभान्
स्नेहाितरेक सुभगं मयका भवग्र्यः ।
नानाकदशारुमलतािचतपिजालं
तन्तुजालिमव सङ्ग्रिथतं रसेन75 ।।
74 Acharya, Harirama, Nāciketakāvyam, Preface, p.1 75 Shastri, Satyavrat, Patrakāvyam-dvitiyobhāgaḥ, Preface, p.1
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Patrakāvyam-dwitīyobhāgaḥ is a collection of 46 letters. Prof. Shasrtri addressed these letters to his friends, scholars and students. Prof. Shastri has written letters addressing Keshab Chandra Dash, Durgadatta Shastri, Chandrabhushan Jha, Harshadev Madhav, Dr. Prasharya Mitra Shastri, Bhaskar Varnekar, Revaprasad Dwivedi etc. These letters of Prof. Shastri are on different subjects. We can divide it in greetings, letters based on the current condition of country, about creative writings in Sanskrit and about śastras. Prof. Shastri has written letters in praise of many modern works. He writes about the Kāvya Bhāratagauravam.
प ोत्तमािन रम्प्यािण भवद्भीरिचतान्यहम् ।
पाठं पाठं सुबोधािन िनवृसत्त परमा गतः ।।76 Prof. Shastri describes condition of Kashmir in his letters in following words. अतङ्कवाकदिभदुतष्टैदुतष्टः पन्था समािश्रतः ।
रम्प्य कश्मीरदेशो यद्वाशात्कष्टािश्रतोऽधुना ।।77
(पिालयं िद्वतीयो भागः) 2.2.40 Havirdhānī Havirdhānī is collection of Sanskrit Ghazals by Abhiraj Rajendra Mishra. This collection of Ghazals contains 54 Ghazals. The book was published by Vaijayanta Prakashan, Allahabad in 2009. Prof. Mishra defines Havirdhānī as हवींिष धीयन्तेऽस्यािमित हिवधातनी78. The poet didn‟t blindly follow the traditional Urdu Ghazal form. He kept intact the feel of Sanskrit language and literature.
76 Ibid, p.220 77 Ibid, p.34
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Ajaykumar Mishra writes: ििवेणी-सुकिव िमश्र की गझलों मेईदूत ऄदब की गझलों की तरह ही रेम । श्रृंगारभाव की मार्ममक तथा संवेदनात्मक गहनता के वैशा쥍य केसाथ- साथ संस्कृत किवता की हजारों सकदयों की ईदात्त तथा जीवंत परंपरा भी सिन्निहतहै ।79 The striking feature of this Ghazal collection is that the poet has given information about the place, time, date and year, where the particular Ghazal was written. िचन्तये शोखो्कं ननु म셁वणे जातम् ।
िनत्यतैदाघे वयो येनाऽिखलं ििपतम् ।।80 (ककमिधकं रिथतम्?)
The above given Ghazal was written by poet at Vallabhagadha at 11 o‟clock in the morning dated 22-08-2007. All the Ghazals are followed by the Hindi translation given by poet himself. Thus we see that many poets are at present writing in Sanskrit. They have written on various modern themes and in various forms. New trends are also observed. The poet also follows creative tradition strictly and composed the Mahākāvyas and Khaṇḍkāvyas. Sanskrit language is also becoming free and simple devoid of long compounds and difficult words. 2.2.41 Kāvyakairavam Kāvyakairavam is a poem collection by composed by Rabindra Kumar Panda. The anthology of poems is published by Arvachina Sanskrit Sahitya Parishad, Vadodara in 2007. It contains total twenty poems on various subjects. The poem Samskritvarsham sings the glory of divine Sanskrit language, Kargilam describes the velour of Indian soldiers and the pathetic
78 Mishra, Abhiraj Rajendra, Havirdhānī,p.15 79 Ibid, pp.7-8 80 Ibid, p.80
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condition of people of Kashmir region of India during the Kargil war. At the end of the poem Dr. Panda reminds us that we are Indians and our culture believes in Non-violence. भारतीयो वयं सवे शािन्तमैिीरचारकाः ।
ऄसहसा परमो धमतनीतेश्च गायका वयम् ।।81 The poem Bhukampabhairavam narrates the condition of Kutch and Bhuj region of Indian state Gujarat after the earthquake. The book contains two century-poems – Saṁsāraśatakam and Durjanśatakam. The language used by poet is simple and easily understandable.
2.2.42 Tirtha Bhāratam Tirtha Bhāratam is a book written in form of verses by Rahasbihari Dwivedi. It is published by Wagish trivedi from Allahabad in 2009. As the title suggests the book contains the description of holy places of India. It has 175 pages and total 853 verses. In this book the poet covered almost all the pilgrimages of India such as twelve jyotirlingas, all Shaktipithas, all the major temples like Tirupati, Minakshi Amman temple, Guruvayur, Girnar, Pavapuri, chardham, Vaishno devī, Amarnatha, Dakor, Pandharpur, dwarika, Jagannatha puri, Mathura and Ayodhya. Dr. Dwivedi has given depiction of not only Hindu tirths, but also Jain and Shikh tirthas. Author has given detailed information of the holy places like the exact location where the temple situated, description of the idol of deity of that temple, the importance of the Darshan of the deity, the important day of worship for that particular deity etc. Have a look on the Amarnath in author‟s words:
81 Panda, Rabindra Kumar, Kāvyakairavam, p.100
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न मिन्दरं ककिञ्चकदहािस्त शम्प्भोनत िशि쥍पिभतस्य गुहा कृत्तास्ते ।
द्वारं िवना राकृितकी गुहेयं िहमस्य िलङ्गं स्वयमुद्गतं च 82।। Thus I could find out only these many works i.e. 16 Mahākāvyas and 44 Kāvyasaṁgrahas. I could collect information about some books. But they are not available. There are some Sanskrit magazines also who published Sanskrit poems. But it is not possible to cover all the poems in the study. So I confined my study to available books only.
82 Dwivedi, Rahasbihari, Tirtha Bhāratam,p.103
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