På∫Ini Studies
A new perspective on På∫ini 3 HARTMUT SCHARFE A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON PÅÍINI På∫ini Studies Indian tradition and modern scholarship 1 alike usually consider På∫ini’s grammar an almost automatic device to create correct Sanskrit sentences – its definitions and meta-rules (paribhåßå-s) steer the strings of operational rules in the build-up of forms. The definitions and some of the meta-rules are given in På∫ini’s grammar; other meta-rules have been established by a careful study of På∫ini’s formulations, by consid- 1. S.D.Joshi and J.A.F.Roodbergen, Patañjali’s Vyåkara∫a-Mahåbhåßya, Bahuvrœhidvandvåhnika, Poona 1974, p.ii: “In its derivational aspect På∫ini’s gram- mar works much like the machine mentioned by N.Chomsky in Syntactic Structures” and Patañjali’s Mahåbhåßya, Kårakåhnika, Poona 1975, p.xvii “...both grammars, the Aß™ådhyåyœ and Cåndravyåkara∫a, being of a generative type, work like a machine. They work like a programmed machine designed to produce all correct Skt words. The words are produced in steps, each step corresponding to a particular state of the machine. In order to move from its initial state to the final state, the machine needs in- structions, that is, symbols stating operational conditions. It is clear that these symbols should be sufficiently explicit to allow the machine to work mechanically.” Paul Thieme, StII 8/9 (1982/83), p.15 (Kl.Schr. vol.II, p.1182) was less emphatic: “It is not the description of the Sanskrit language, but a description of the regular word forma- tion of Sanskrit… It is throughout mechanistic…” Note the different opinion of P.S.Subrahmaniam, Pa:∫ini’s Aß™a:dhya:yi:, Pune 1992, p.23 who denied that På∫ini’s grammar was intended as “a machine that automatically produces Sanskrit sentences.” Rules like anyebhyo ’pi d®ƒyate (III 3 130), itaråbhyo ’pi d®ƒyante (V 3 14), anyeßåm api d®ƒyate (VI 3 137), gathered by G.Cardona in Jambæ-jyoti (Fs.
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